5 perspectives of the origins of globalization

1. Hardwired
The globalization began from ancestors in Africa who left their country in the late ice age. It is
mentioned by Chanda (2007) that globalization became possible because of the “urges” or basic
human need to make lives better. These “urges” are commerce, religion, politics and warfare.
These “urges” are related to trade, missionary work, adventures and conquest.
2. Cycles
It is argued that globalization has cycles in which it has gone through. There is what is so called
“global ages” that had appeared in times. It means to say that globalization has gone through
rounds and sequences.
3. Epoch
There are six epochs or in other term “waves” of globalization which are sequential unlike the
second view (cycles). These are the following: Globalization of religion, European colonial
conquests, Intra-European wars, Heyday of European imperialism, Post world war II period and
Post-cold war period. These periods were from fourth to 20 th century.
4. Events
The explicit events from history had relevance to the origin of globalization. These specific times
can be part of the beginning of globalization. For example, the discovery of America by
Christopher Columbus in 1942 and Ferdinand Magellan’s circumnavigation of the globe in 1522
could be a basis or part of the starting point of globalization. On the other side, beginnings of
globalization are related to the technological advances in communication and transportation.
These are just examples of the specific events which traces the origins of globalization.
5. Broader, More recent change
The fifth view talks about the current changes in the last half of the twentieth century. These are
the three important changes: the emergence of the United States as the global power, the
emergence of multinational corporations and the Demise of the Soviet Union and the end of the
Cold War. The US became the most prominent in terms of media, film, diplomacy and many
more. The Multinational corporations came from US, Germany and Great Britain, in which these
MNCs became the most famous in the whole world. Example of MNCs are the Ford Companies
which come from US. Lastly, the fall of Soviet Union in 1991 paved the way to “free” world;
immigration, tourism, media, diplomacy and multinational corporations -this spread throughout
the world.

Question: How do the elements of state interact to protect the state against globalization?

The four elements of the state are people, territory, government and sovereignty. This elements
of state interact against globalization. For instance, the government has set of rules or
constitutions which gives protection to the welfare of its people. The people follow the rules of
the government in terms of international relations about trading, jobs, organizations, etc. The
government and the people of the state has its sovereignty which emphasizes the state’s right
to govern its own territory. On the other hand, the state’s government and people sets the limit
to its connection with other people in different countries, through imposing its own rules and
constitutions.