English Grammar In Use 130 bai ngit phap tiéngAnh ES EZ Raymond Murphy ant ree @ NHA XUAT BAN THO! PAIRAYMOND MURPHY ENGLISH GRAMMAR IN USE by Raymond Murphy" 130 Bai ng@ phdp tiéng Anh va 5 Phu luc giai thich cdc trudéng hgp dac biét cia ng@ phap Dich va Chui giai Tran Huynh Phic (Giang vién dai hoc Su Pham) ANH LE TOEICMUC LUC Thi ca dong tu (verb tenses) Bait Present continuous (! am doing) Simple present (! do) Present continuous // am doing) hay Present simple (! do) Present tenses (/ am doing/ do) v6i nghia tuong lai Going to (/ am going to do) Simple Future (Will) (1) ‘Simple Future (Will) (2) ‘Will hay going to? Cc cu véi when va If (When I do..J It! do...) Future Continuous (Wil! be doing) vA Future Pertect (will fave dono) ‘Simple past (! did) . Past continuous (! was doing) Presant Perfect (/ have done) (1) Present Perfect (2) Present Perlect - | (3) Present Pertect Continuous (! have been doing) Present Pertect Continuous hay Present Pertect? Present Perfect va Present Perfect Continuous voi how long, for va since Bai 19 Present Perfect vai how long, va simple Past vol when ; since va for Bai20 Present Perfect hay Simple Past? (1) Bai 21 Present Perfect hay Simple Past? (2) Bai22 Past Perfect (i have done) ~ Bai 23 Past Perfect Continuous (/ have been doing) Ong tit de biét (Modal verbs) 8ai24 HAVE va HAVE GOT Bai25 USED TO (1 used fo do) Bai26 CAN, COULD va BE ABLE TO Bai 27 ‘COULD (could do va could have done) Bai28 © MUST vA CANT Bai29 MAY va MIGHT Bai 30 MAY va MIGHT (tudng lal) Bai 31 CAN, COULD, MAY va WOULD trong i6i néi ith By Bai32 MUST va HAVE TO Ba139 MUST, MUSTN'T, NEEDNTT, vi NEEDNT HAVE Bai 34 — SHOULD (1) 24:28 — SHOULD (2) ANH LE TOEICCau digu klén (Conditionals) Bai 36 —_Conditlonal sentences (hign tai, tudng lai) Bai37 Cau od IF va WISH (thoi hién tal) Bai38 Cau cé IF va WISH (thoi qué kh’) Bai 39 WOULD Bai40. INCASE Bal 41: UNLESS ; AS LONG AS va PROVIDED/PROVIDING (THAT) Dang bi d6ng (Passive) Bai42 Passive vole (1) (be done/have been done) Bai 43 Péssive voice (2) (cdc thi hign tai va qué khi) Bai 44 Passive voice (3) BAi45 It Ig sald that... / He Is sald to...., v.v... VA supposed to Bai46 Causation form (have something done) - L&I ndt tubng thugt (Reported speech) ° Bai 47. Reported speech (1) Bai 48 Reported speech (2) Cu hdl (Questions) BAi49 Questions (Cau hdi) (1) Bai 50 Questions (Cau hdi) (2) “ (Do you know where...?/ He asked me where...) Baid1 Auxillary verbs (Trg dong tis) trong cu tré IoVndi ngdin; So am I/ Neither am! think 80/1 hope 20 ... Bai52 Question tags (Cau hdi dudi) Déng ti 2 hinh thUc 4NG va Sng ti! nguyén miu Bais3 Verb + ing BaiS4 Verb + to “Infinitive BaisS Verb + object + infinitive Bai 56 Infinitive hay -Ing? (1): vi like, would like Bai 57 _ Infinitive hay -Ing? (2): véi begin, start, intend, continue, remember, try Bai 58 Infinitive hay -Ing? (3): voi be atraid, need, help Bai59 reposition + ing Bai60 Verb + preposition + -ing Bai6! Expressions + -ing Bai62 —Belget used to Bai 63 Infinitive of purpose va ménh dé di so that Bai64 Prefer va would rather Bai65 Had better do something It's time someone did something ANH LE TOEICBai 66 See someone do va see someone doing Ba\67 —-ing clauses (Feeling tired, | went to bed early) Bai 68 Chance va opportunity (dip. co hd!) 84169 —_Uncountable noune (Danh tt: khéng dm duge) 8ai 70 Countable nouns (Danh ti dém duge, vdi a / an va some) Bai7t Alanva the ~ Bai72 The (1) Bai73 The (2) Bai 74 ~~ Danh ti ef niu va danh tis knng d&m dug (c6 va khdng 06 the) Bai 75 CAch ding the vdi hospital, school. v.v... BAI 76 Gach ding the vdi dja danh Bai 77 Gach dang the vdi cdc tén rléng khac Dank tu (nouns) va @gt tit (pronouns) - Bai 78 —Sinijular or plural? : Bai79 —-Posseasive case of nouns Bai8O —_Posagasive Pronouns and Adjectives (Dai ti va tinh tit 88 hitu) Bai 81 Reflexive Pronouns (Bai ti! phan than) Bai 82 All /all of, no/ none of, most / most of, etc. Bai 83 Both / both of, neither / nelther of, either / elther of 88184 — Some va any Cc két hop val some va any " Bai85 No, none va. any Céc két hop vdl nova any Bai 86 Much, many, Iittie, few, a lat va pleniy Bai87 All, every va whole . Ménh 46 quan hé (Relative clauses) BAi88 — Relative ciauses (1): + Ménh 46 bat déu bang who / that / which Bai 89 | Relative clauses (2): mgnh dé cé hofe khong cé who 7 that * Bai 90 — Refative clauses (3): ménh 66 vdi whose, whom va where Bai91 Relative clauses (4): ménh d6 “cung cp thm théng tin’ (1) Bai92 Relative clauaes (5): mgnh 6 “cung ef'p them théng tin® 2) Bai 93 Ménh dé bat ddu bang -ING “= -ED Tinh tit (adjectives) va trang tu (adverbs) Bai 94 Bais Bai 96 Bai 97 ANH LE TOEIC Tinh tif (Adjectives) tan cing bing -ing vA ed. Thu ty cia tinh til ("a nice new house") Tinh ti dung sau dng ty ("Do you fee! tired?) Tinh tif va trang tif (1) (quick / quickly) Tinh tif va.trang tis (2) (good / well, fast / hard / tate, hardly) Sova suchEnough va too Bai 99 Bai 100 To-Infinitive sau tinh te, . Bal 101 So enh cia tinh ti va trang ty (1): cheaper, more expensive Bai 102 So sdnh (2) Bai 103 So.sénh (3) -a8 ... a8/ than Bai 104 So.adnh.ove ofp -te Longest, the most enjoyable, ot. ‘Trbt ty tit (Word order) Bai 105 — Tr§t ty ter (1) - dong tir + tic ti ; not ch6n va thdi gian Bai 106 —Trat ty tir (2) - trang ti di vai dong tor Bai 107 Still va yet ‘Any more / any longer / no tonger Bai 108 Quite va rather Bai 109 Although / though / even though ____{n apite of ‘despite - Bai 110 Even (ngay ca, tham chi) Bai 111 As (chi ly do va chi thai gian) - Bait12 Like va as nee i113 Asit . GidI tir (Prepositions) . Bai 114 At/on /in (chi thai gian) Bai 115 For, during va while Bai116 By va until By the time.... - Baii17 In/at/on (chi vj tr) (1) “ Bai118 — In/at/on (chi v| tr) (2) - Bai 119 To, been to, Into - “ By car /in my car Bai 129 Ontime/tn time At the end / in the end . Bai 121 Danh t+ gidi tis (“reason for" “cause of, v.v...) Bai 122 “Gidl ti + danh ti (‘by mistake’, “on television”, v.v...) Bai 123” Tinh tit + gia! ta (1) Bai 124 Tinh td + gla! ti (2) - Bai 125 Bong tir + gil tir(1)_ . Bai 126 Dong tif + gidt tir (2) Bai 127 Déng til + gids tir (3) Bai 128 BGng til + tiie te + glial tis (1) Bai 129 Bong ty + tlc tir + gidl tit (2) mi Bal 130 Béng tir kép (get up, break down, fil in, et... ~ Phy tye 1: Danh myc ede thi hign tai va qué kha Phy lyc 2: Bdng tit qui the va bat qui the: Phy lye 3: Chinn t& (Spelling) Phy Ive 4: Dang rit gon Pha bn &: Ting Anh cia ngudi My - ANH LE TOEICwww.thuvien247.net BAI 1: PRESENT CONTINUOUS (/ am doing) a) Hay xem xét tinh huéng mau sau: Ann dang é trong xe. 06 y dang trén duding di lam. She is driving to work. C6 Ay dang Iai xe oi lam. Biéu nay c6 nghia la vao Ic nay, ngay tai thi diém chiing ta ndi, c6 dy dang lai xe. ‘Sau day la thi Hién tai tiép dién (Present Continuous): = Jam (= I'm) 2 he /'she / itis (= he's, vv...) ] driving we / they / you are (= we're, V.v...) Chiing ta ding thi Present Continuous (Hién tai tiép din) khi ndi vé mot viéc nao dé dang dién ra ngay hic néi: - Please don't make so much noise: /'m studying. Xin diing lam én qué nhu thé. Toi dang hoc. (Khong ding “? study’). - “Where is Margaret?" ‘She's having a bath* “Margaret dau réi?* *Cé dy dang tam”. (Khong ding *She has"). Let's go out now. It isn’t raining any more. (Bay gid chung ta hay ra ngoai. Trdi hét mua r6i). (at a party) Hello, Ann. Are you enjoying the party? oo) mé6t bda tiéc) Chao Ann. Ban thich bila tiée nay chu? (Khdng ding “do you enjoy’). b) Chung ta cing ding Present Continuous khi ndi vé mét vige nao dé din ra trong kho’ing thé! gian cia le néi, nhung khong nhét thiét chinh xac ngay Ide ndi. Hay xem tinh hudng mau sau: ‘Tom and Ann are talking and drinking in a café. Tom say: *!'m reading an interesting book at the moment. Ill end it to you when Ie finished it” (Tom va Ann dang néi chuyén va dang uéng nude tai mét quén cé phé. Tom néi: “Hién thdi t6i dang doc mét cudn sch hay dm. T6i sé cho ban mugn cudn sdch a6 khi no 161 doc xong"). S Tom khéng doc cudn sach dé vao le anh ta ndi. Anh dy cé y noi rang anh dy da bat du ge truée dé va ign tho! thi chua doe xong, Anh By dang doe nije ching. Sau day la mét 86 vi dy khéc! ~ + Silvia is learning English at the moment. (Hign’ thai Sitvia dang hgc tiéng Anh). (Khéng diing “learns") ANH LE TOEIC : -~ Have you heard about Tom? He is butlding his own house. (Ban d& nghe tin g) v8 Tom chua? Anh fy dang xy cin nha riéng cho ant ta). (Khong ding “builds"). Nhung e thé IA ngay We n6i Sivia va Tom khdng dang thye hign nhang ebng vibe nay. Chiing ta thudng ding Present Continuous khi ndi v6 khodng thdi gian bao g6m ca hién ul Vi'dy: teday (hom nay), this season (mia nay) v.Vv.. . *You're working hard téday’. "Yes, | have a let to do* . "Hém nay ban lam vige mét nhoc qué”. “Vang, tO! co nhiéu vide pha jam’. - Tom Jsn’t playing tootballthis season. He wants to concentrate on his studies. (Mila nay Tom khéng choi bong dé. Céu ta muén t4p trung vao vide hoc cla: minh). Ching ta ding Present Continuous khi ndt v6 nhing tinh haéng dang thay d6i. The population of the world is rising very fast (Dan 56 thé gid dang gia téng rét nhanh). (KhOng ding “ises") 1s your English getting better? (Von ting Anh cia ben cé khd hon khdng?). {Khong ding ‘does... get?") UNIT 1: Exercises 14 In this exercise you have to put.the verb into the correct form. Examples. Please don't make So much noise. | am studying (study). Let's go out now. It isn't raining (not/rain) any more. Listen to those people. What language are they speaking (they/speak)? Please be quidt, I... (try) to concentrate: LOOK! It ene (8). 2 ' Why (you/look) at me like that? Have | said something wrong? 1 2 3 4 YOU sense (TAKE) 8 JOt Of noise. Can you be a bit quieter? 5 Excuse me, |... (00k) for a phone box. Is there one near here? 6 7 8 9 (in the cinema) It's a good film, isnt it? ......... (you/enjoy) it? Listen! Can you hear those people next door? They ... (shout) at each other again. Why ......... (you/Weair) your coat today? I's very warm. he 40 | want to lose weight. (notwork) this week. I'm on holiday. {noveat) anything today. 1.2 Complete these sentences using one of these verbs: get become change rise improve fall Increase You don't have to use ail the varbs and you can use some of them more than once. Example: The population of thé world is rising very fast. 1 The number of people without jobs it the moment. 2 He is still iff but he .......... better slowly. . ANH LE TOEICThese days fo0d......... More and more expensive. The world ......... Things never stay the same. The cost of living ......... Every year things are dearer. George has gone to work in Spain. When he artived, his Spanish wasn't very good but now it -. 7 The economie situation is already very bad and it onre . Worse 1.3 Read this conversation between Brian and Steve. Put each verb into the correct form. The tirst one has already been done for you. Brian and Steve meetin a restaurant: Brian: . Hello, Steve. | haven't seen you for ages, What (1) are you iaing {you/do) these days? Steve: © 1 (2)....... (train) to be @ shop manager. Brian: Really? (3)... (you/enjoy) it? Yes, it's quite interesting. How about you? Weil, 1 (4) sone (ROUWOFK) at the moment, but I'm very busy. | (5) ... (build) @ house. Stevi Realty? (6) ....».. (you/do) it alone? Brian: No, some friends of mine (7) ....-.... (help) me. ‘am trying 1.2 1 is rising / is falting / is increasing snowing 2s getting are you looking : is getting /is becoming are making 4is changing am looking 5 is rising /Is Increasing Are you enjoying . * 6 is imprdivitig (oF fs getting better) ‘are shouting 7 is getting / is becoming are you wearing am not working am not eating WwW poerianrans 3 1.320 am training - ‘Are you enjoying . . am not working . ‘am building Are you doing . are helping OnRen ANH LE TOEIC_ @www.thuvien247.net BAI 2: SIMPLE PRESENT (I do) a) Hay xem xét tinh huéng mau sau: ‘Alex la mOt tai x6 xe but. Nhung lic nay anh ta dang ngii trén giving, Vi thé: He is not driving a bus (he is aslesp) (Anh ay khéng dang /ai xe buyt (anh dy dang ngd)). Nhung: He drives abus (Anh &y Idi xe buyt). Sau day la thi Hién tai ddn (Simple Present): .1/ we /you / they drive he / she / it/ drives. Ching ta ding thi Simple Present (Hién tai don) dé didn t cdc sy vic mot cach téng quat, Chung ta khong nhat thiét chi nghT dén hién tai. Chung ta ding thi nay dé ndi dén mot sy vide nado dé xay ra lién tyc hay (Api l€p lai nhiéu Ian, hay mot vie nao 46 thuding 1a ding, Sy vie dé 06 xay ra ngay luc néi hay khOng la diu khéng quan trong. - “The earth goes round the sun. (Trai dat xoay quanh mat trdi). ~ _ Nurses /ook after patients in hospital. (¥ té cham séc bénh nhén & bénh vién). In, Britain most of the shops close at 5.30 p.m. (0 Anh hdu hét cae cla tiém dong cia le 5 gié 30). Hay nhg rang, ching ta ndi he / she /it - s. Ding quén chi s. - | workin @ bank, Barry works in a shop. (T6i lam viée 6 mét ngan hang. Barry lam viée & mét cila tiém). b) Ching ta ding do / does dé thanh lap cau nghi van (questions) va cau phi dinh (negative). Do 1! we/you/ they 1/we / you / they don’t = lan ] work Does he/she / it he / she /itdoesn't - Excuse me, do you speak English? - (Xin 161, anh biét ndi tiéng Anh khéng?). "Would you like a cigarette?" ‘No, thanks, | don't smoke". ("Anh hit mét diéu thuée chu?" "Khéng, cdm on. T6i khéng hit thubc"). ANH LE TOEIC‘What does this word mean? (Cha nay nghia fa gi?) (Khong ding "What moans this word?") - Rice doesn't grow in Britain, . (ka khéng tréng duge & Anh). DSi voi cau mghl vén xem thém bai 49. c) Chung ta diing thi Simpte Present khi ndi v8 mile 06 thuding xuyén cia nhang sy vide ma chung ta thyc hign. | get up at 8 o'clock every morning. ~ . (M8i sdng 101 thie day hic 8 gid) (Khong stig? “am getting’) ~ How often do you go to the dentist? (Anh 06 thing di nha sI khéng?) + Ann doesn't offen drink tea. ~ (Ann khong thudng uéng tra). - In summer Tom usually plays Tennis twice a week. (Vao mia ha, Tom thudng chai quén vot mdt tudn hai ln). d) Luu y ring ching ta nét: “Where do you come from?" (= Where are you from?) (Anh ti du 10/7" (Khong ding: “Where are you coming from?") He comes {rom Japan. (Anh &y ta Nhat d&n) (Khong ding: "He is coming trom Japan") €) Khi mu6n 46 nghi m9t digu gi, ban cé thé néi: Why don't you ...? (Tai sao ban khong 2) “rm tired*. "Why don't you go to bed early?* ("T6i mgt". "Th sao ban khong di ngd sdm?") UNIT 2: Exercises 2.1 firthis exercise you have to put the verb into the correct form. Examples: Water lla (bal at 100 dearees centigrade, George doean't ga (not/go) to the cinema very often. How many languages do you apeak (you/speak)? The swimming bath ........ (open) at 9.00 and...... (close) at 18.30 every day. What time {the banks/close} in Britain? . (have a car but {notluse) it very often, How many cigarettes ........ (you/smoke} a day? "What ......... (you/do)?* "fm an electrical engineer’ “where (your father/come) from?’ Hf you need money; why .......,.. (you/not/get) a job? 1 seas (play) the piano, But {nov/play) very well. U don't understand the word "deceive". What (‘decsive*/mean)? (come) from Seotiand”. Corvagrans ANH LE TOEIC2.2 This time you have lo read some sentences and correct, them. The English is correct but the information is wrong. Write two corract sentences each time, Example: The sun goes round the earth. The sun doesn't go round the earth. ‘The.earth goes round the sun, The sun rises in the wor 4. The River Amazon flows into the Pacific Ocean. 2.3.Now you have fo use these sentences fo make questions, Begin your question with the word(s) in brackets. , Examples: Tom play tennis. (How often?) Haw often does Tom play tennis? | get up in the morning. (What time/usually?) atsime da yo usualyontua? 1 Ann watches television. (How often?) How often... 2 twrite to my parents. (How often?) . 3. 1 have dinner in the evening. (What time/usuaily?).... 4 Tom works. (Where?) 5 | go to the cinema. (How often?) .... 6 People do stupid thirigs. (Why?) ... 7 The car breaks down. (How often?) KEY 2.1 1° opens ... closes 2.3 1 How often does Ann watch television? 2 do the banks close : 2 How often do you write to your 3 don'tuse . ‘ parents? 4 do you smoke 3 What time do you usually have dinner S do you do {in the everiing)? & does your father come ... comes 4 Where does Tom work? 7 don't you get - 5 How often do you go to the cinem: 8 play ... don’t play 6 Why do people do stupid things? 9 does “deceive” mean 7 How often does the car break down? 2.2 1 The sun doesn't rise in the west. It rises in the wast. . 2 Mice don't catch cats. Cats catch mice. ie 3 Carpenters don't make things from metal. Thay make things from wood. 4 The River Amazon doesn't flow into the Pacific Ocean. It flows into the Atlantic Ocean, ANH LE TOEICBAI 3: PRESENT CONTINUOUS (/ am doing) hay SIMPLE PRESENT (/ do) Trude khi noe bai nay, ban phai hoc bai 1 va 2 a) Hay, xem xét ph4n gia thich dudi day va so enh cdc vi dy sau: Present Continuous (1 am doing) (Thi Hidn tai tip Aida) Ding thi Hign tal tlép dién aé ndi vé mt viée n&o 45 dang dién ra ngay Ide ndi fay chung quanh khodng thdi gian Ide ndi: qué kh hién tai ~ ~ The kettle is boiling. Can you turn it off, tudng lai please? (Am nude dang s6i. Ban lam on tdt céng the duge chur?) = Listen to those people. What tncusae are they speaking? (Hay lng nghe ohing agudi kia néi. Ho dang néi ting 9) vay?) - ‘Where's Tom?* *He's playing tennis” ("Tom dau?" "Céu dy dang choi quan vot"). + What are you doing hare? « (Anh dang lam gid day?) + Sivia is in Britain far three months. ‘She's learning English. (Silvia d Anh trong 3 théng. C6 ta dang hoe tiéng Anh). Dang thi Hign tel tiép dién a2 chi mot tinh huging tam th + tm living with some friends until 1 can find a flat. {T6i dang s5ng cong voi mAy ngudi ban cho dén khi tdi tm duge mot can Simple Present (I do) (Thi Hign tai don) Ding thi Hign tel dan 46 ndi vé cdc sy vigc mt c&ch téng quat hay sy vike xay ra Wap di lap ta <1 > qué kh hign tai tuong lat + Water boils at 100 degrses Celsius (Nude 568i 8 100°C). = Excuse me, do you speak English?” (Xin 18i, anh bidt n6i tiéng Anh khong?) + Tom plays tennis every Saturday. Tom choi quén vot méi thi? Bay). What do you usually do at weekends? [Ben thugng Jam gi vao nhang agay cu6i tun?) = What do you ‘do? (= What's your job?} (Ban lam nghé gi?) + Most people lean to swim when they are children. (Hu h6t ngudi ta hoc boi khi con nhd). Dang thi Hign taf aon cho tinh hudng én dinn. - My parents live in London. They have been there for 20 years. (Cha me 18i sting 3 London, Ho da 8 25 aude 20 nam), - That machine doesn't work. It hasn't 6). : worked for years. + That machine isn’t working. It broke (CAi may 66 khéng hoat déng. No a3 down this moming. khéng hoat déng nhiéu nam ¢éi. (C4i may 06 khéng hoat ding. Né dé héng sang nay). ANH LE TOEIC 13b) MQt a6 dong tir chi duge ding tong cdc thi don. Vi dy: ban khOng thé ndi “1 em knowing® (T6/ dang biét). ®an chi cd thé n6i *! known” (T6i bist). Sau day la danh muc. ‘cdc dong ti khéng thutng ding é thi Kp didn. (Nhung cing @6 nhing trudng hgp ngoai lé). : want tke belong know suppose remember need love 500 release mean forget prefer hate hear belleve understand seem have (khi mang nghia la “0d, s8 hdu*- Xem tham & bal 24) think (khi mang nghia | “tin, aho 1a). Do you like London? (Ban thich Luan B8n khdng?) (khdng ding *are you liking’) He doesn’t understand. (Anh ta khdng hiéu) (khong ding “he isn't understanding’). Thee shoes belong to me. - (NhOng chi8e giay nay la ca 16i) (khOng ding “are belonging’) What do you think Tom will do? (= What do you believe he will do?) (Anh nghi Tom sé lam gi?) * Nhung: What are you thinking about? (= What la going on i your mind?) (Ban dang nght gi thé?) UNIT 3: Exercises greener errno 8.1 in this exercise you have to decide whether the verb in these sentences are right or wrong. Correct those which are wrong. The verb is underlined. Examples: | dant know your telephone number. RIGHT Please don't make so much noise. | study. WRONG-am studying Look! Somebody is.climbing up that tree aver thi Can you hear those people? What da they talk about? ‘Ata you ballaving In.God? 3 Look! That man tries fo open the door of your car. The moon gaaa round the earth. (im thinking it would be & good idea to leave early. The government is worried because the number of people without jobs i Lm usually going to wark by car. =e Noes eRe 3.2 Now you have to put the verb into the correct form, present continuous (I am doing) or . present simple (1 do). Exampies: Please dont make so much noise. | am studying (study) How many languages does Tom speak (Tom/speak)? ANH LE TOEIE TS MAChine donant work (novwork). | hasn't worked for years,1 oc.uu (OVDEIONg) to a political party, Hurry! The BUS en (€OM€). Vannes (AOWWAnt) to Mise it The River Nile .». (Mow) into the Mediterranean. 1 2 3 4 The river ........ (flow) very fast today - much faster than usual. 5 6 ose (iVever/snow) in India? We usually (grow) vegetables in our garden but this year we ... {(notigrow) any. . 7 A:Can you drive? B: No, but! ....... (lear). My father & You can borrow my umbrella. | 9 (at a party) | usually much. 10 George says he's 80 years old but ........ (noVbsliewe) him, 11 Ron is in London at the moment. He ......... (stay) at the Hilton Hotel. He usually o (stay) at the Hilton Hotel when he’s in London. = | {n these sentences think about whether the situation is temporary or permanent. 12 My parents . (live) In Bristol. They were born there and have nevar lived anywhere else. Where (your parentsitive)? 13 She .. (stay) with her sister at the moment untit she finds omewhere 16 live. 44 A: What (your father/do)? (novwork) at the moment, (teach) ma. . (notneed) it at the moment. ~ {enjoy) parties but 1 {ng¥enjoy) this one very B: He's a teacher, buthe .. KEY 34010 right 3.21 don'tbelong 2 wrong-are they talking 2 is coming ... don't want 3 wrong-Do you believe 3 flows 4 wrong-is trying 4 ts flowing 5 right 5 Does it ever snow 6 wrong-| think ® grow ... aren't growing 7 right 7 8 wrong-| usually go a - 9 enjoy ... arm not enjoying 4D don't believe him 11 is staying .. stays 12 live ... do your parents live 13 is staying 14 does your father da ... isn't working. ANH LE TOEIC . 415BAL4: PRESENT TENSES (I am doing/I do) vdi nghia tuong Iai 4) Thi Present Continuous (Hign tai tiép.gién) mang nghia tuang lai, Hay xem Xé! tinh hudag mau sau: Bay ia nhat ky eda Tom cho tuén 16). He és playing tennis on Monday afternoon (Anh &y 88 chai quén vot vao chiéu thi Hai). He is going to the dentist on Tuesday morning. (Anh &y 86 di nha si vdo séng thd Ba). He is having dinner-with Ann on Friday. (Anh &y $8 An 161 voi Ann yao thi S4u). Trong tat c& ce vi dy ndy, Tom da quy8t dinh xong va aa sdp x6p a6 thyc hign nhing vige 46. Khi bgn dang néi v6 nhing vige mA ben da sip x8p dé thyc hign, ban dung thi Hién tai tiép di&n (present continuous) - khdng ding thi Hign tal don (simpte present). +A: What are you doing tomorrow evening? (Ben sé lam g} vao 167 mai?) (Khong ding “What do you do?) ~ 8 : /m going to the theatre. (T6i 58 i xem hét) (Khéng dong “I go") - A: Are you playing football tomorrow? ___ (Phai ngay mai ban chal bong 44 kéng?) _ +B: Yes, but Tom isn't playing. He has hurt his leg. (Vang, nbung Tom khéng choi. Cau &y bj dau chén). + A: Ann is coming tomorrow. (Ngay mai Ann aén). ~B : Oh, is she? What time fs she arriving? (6! Vay ha? Maly gid cB ta d6n?) > AS At10.15. (Vado tic 10 gig 15). - B : Are you meeting her at the station? (Ben sé gp c6 ta tai nha ga chil?) ~ A :Vcan'.. 'm working tomorrow evening, (Khdng thé duge. Séng mai 10i lam viée). Cang c6 thé ding going to (do) trong cdc cau sau: What are you going to do tomorrow evening? (Ban dinh lam g) 151 mai?) - Tom és going to play tannis on Monday aftemoon. (Tom sé chai quan vot vao chiéu thd Hai). + Nhung thi Present Continuous thudng ty nhién hon khi ban dang ndi vé nhng vic 48 dude sp xp. (Kem thém bai 5). Khong dilng will 6 ni vé nhing vig ma ban da thu x6p dé thyc hign. ANH LE TOEIC~ What are you doing this evening? (T6i nay ban sé lam gi?) (Khong ding “what will you do*). ~ Alex is getting maried next month. (Alex $8 itp gia dinh thdng 1¢)) (Khong dung “Alex will ger"). b) Thi simpte Present (Hign tai don) voi nghia tuong fal, Ching ta dong thi Hign tai don khi néi vé thai khéa bi8u, chuong trinh v.v... (vi dy nhu 06i voi vic van chuyén cdng Ong, xem phim). = What time does the film begin? (May gid phim bat du chiéu?) = The train Joaves Plymouth at 10.30 and arrives in London at 13.45 (Xe lita roi Plymouth hic 10 gid 30 va dén London tic 13 gid 45). ~The football match starts at 8 o'clock. (Trin bong 64 dat déu hic 8 gid). + Tomorrow is Wednesday. - (Ngay mai la thd Tu). - Nhung tnuéng thi. ching ta khong ding thi Simple Present cha nhdng viée d& dude thu x6p mang tinh chat c4 nhan: - What time are you meeting Ann? (May git ban sé gap Ann?) (Khong ding "do you meet’). UNIT 4: Exercises 4.1 A friend of yours is planning to go on holiday very soon. You ask him about his plans. Use the words in brackets to make your questions. Example: (where/go?) Where are you going? 1 (how long/stay?) 4 (goby car?) .- 2 (when/leave?) 5" (where/stay?)... 3 (go/alone?).... 4.2 Ann is going on holiday. You have to write sentences about her holiday plans. Use the words in brackets to write your sentences. Example: (go/Scottand) She is going to Scotland. 1 (leaveinext Friday) She —. 2 (stay/in Scotland for two weeks) 3 (go/with a friend of hers) . 4 (stayfin a hotel) They. 5 (go/by train) ... 4.3 Tom wants you to visit him but you are very busy. Look at your diary for the next few days and explain to him why you can't come, ANH LE TOEIC 7www.thuvien247.net Tom Can you come on Monday evening? You _ : Sorry, I'd love to but I'm playing volleyball, Tom — : What about Tuesday evening then? You :1can'tI'm afraid. (9) -n-nn-ma~ Tom: Well, what are you doing on Wednesday evening? You : (2). ae Tom ‘| see. Well, are you free on Thursday evening? You __:!'matraid not. (3) 4.4 Put the verb into the most suitable form, present continuous (1am doing) or present simple (I do). Examples: We are-going (go) to the theatre this evening. Does the film begin (the film/begin) at 3.30 or 4.307 (have) a party next Saturday. Would you like > come? ay Ws: (nov/go) away for my holidays next month because | haven't got enough money .. (you/go) away? 3. The concert this evening (start) at 7.30. 4 George, is it true that you (get) married next week? 5 The art exhibition ... (open) on 3 May and (finish) on 15 July. 6 Whattime (the next train/leave)? 7 Ann, we ~. (g0) to town ... .» (you/come) with us? KEY 4.1 1 Howlong are you staying? 4.31 I'm working late (tll 9 p.m.). 2 When are you leaving? 2 I'm going to the theatre with my 3. Are you going alone? mother. 4 Are you going by car? 3 t'm meeting Julia (at 8 p.m.) 4 Where are you staying? 42 1. Shes leaving next Friday 4.41 are having 2 She is staying in Scotland 2 am not going ... Are you going for two weeks. 3 starts 3° She is going with friend of hers. 4_ are getting 4 They are staying in a hotel. 5 opens... finishes 5 They are going by train, 6 does the next train leave 7 are going .., Are you coming ANH LE TOEICBAI 5: — GOING TO (/ am going to do) Ching ta ding going to (do) khi néi vé mot vide ma chiding ta 44 quy8t dinh 88 lam hay mot vide chang ta dy dinh s& t&mr trong ttfong tai: - A: There's a film on television tonight. Are you going to watch it? (C6 mét phim trén truyén hinh 16i nay. Ban's xem cha?) = B : No, I'm too tired. I'm going fo have an early night. (Khong, tdi qua mét. Tdi s8 di ng sdm). - A: heard Ann has won @ lot of money. What is she going to do with if? {TOI nghe nbi Ann Aa kiém dugc nhibu tidn. CO ta dinh $8 lam gi voi s6 tién 46?) ~B : 1Ve heard she's going to travel round the: world. (T6i nghe ndi cd ta dinh oi du lich véng quanh thé gidi). = ‘A: Have you made the cottee yet? (Anh da pha ca phé chia?) = B = No, but I'm just going to make’it. (just = ngay iuic nay). (Chua, nhung 10) s4p sita pha ca phé ngay day). Dé biét sy kha bigt gida will va going to, hay xem Bais. b) Ching ta thudng ding thi Present Continuous khi ndi vé mot vidc ma’ai dé d& shp xép 6€ thyc hign - vi dy nhu sdp dat a gp mot ngudi nado 46, dé di d&n noi-ndo a6. Going to cing 06 thé duge ding 3 day: - What time are you meeting Ann? (hay : “are you going to meet") (Méy gid ban dinh gp Ann?) - Tm travelling to Scottand on- Monday. {hay : “I'm going to travel") (761 $6 di ScBtien véo thi? Hai). Xem them bai 4a. ° Chia fa Gg mraaivete| Gein $6 05 cel mit vibe A 5, cht ce Tar Fon qué kha (nhung 4& khong thyc hign). a "We were going to travel by train but then we decided to go by car. (Ching 18i da dinh df bang xe lia nhung rdi lal quyét deh di bang xe hai) - A: Did Tom do the examination?. (Tom dé tam bai thi cht?) ~ 8: No, he was going to do it but in.the end he changed hie mind. (Khéng, anh &y a dinh lam nhung cubi cing abt ¥). = Iwas just going fo cross the road when-someone shouted 'Stopl*. (76i vita dinh bang qua dddng thi ngudi niko 5 Aa ta én “Dung lei) 4) Going to cdn cé mot nghila khac nda. Hay xem tinh huéng mdu sau = ANH LE TOEIC os 19www.thuvien247.net Ngudi dan 6ng khéng thé thay duge a minh dang di dau. C6 mot cai hé trude mat Ong ta. He is going to fall into the hole. (Ong ta sdp nga xudng h6). 6 day ngudi ndi dang néi vé diéu ma anh ta nghi rng s@ xay ra. DT nhién anh ta khong c6 ¥ néi ngudi dan dng cé ¥ dinh nga xuéng hd Trong truéng hgp nay ching ta ding going to ii n6i v6 dibu ma chidng tight 66 xdy ras Tuting thi Gd cdi gl 65.8 tah using higa tai (Ngudi dan 6ng dang di dén cai hd) lam cho ngudi ndi tin vao diéu sip xay ra. - Look at those black clouds! It's going to rain (Hay nhin nhang dém may den kia! Tréi sp mua r6i). (Nhdng dém may hién dang 8 do}. Oh, | feel terrible. | think I'm going to be sick. (61 T8i cm thy Kid chi. T8i nght a minh sdp 6m i). [Li nay 161 cm ty kn chiu). UNIT 5 : Exercises 5.1 In this exercise you have to say when you are going to do something. Examples : Have you cleaned the car? (tomorrow) Not yet. I'm going to clean it tomorrow. Have you made the coffee? (just) Notyet. I'm just going to make it. Have you phoned Tom? (after unch) Not yet. | Have you had dinner? (just) Not yet... Have you painted your flat? (soon) —_Not. Have you repaired my bicycle? (just) aeons 5.2 In this exercise you have to write questions with going to. Example : ve won a lot of money. (what/with it?) What.are you going to do with it? 1 I'm going to a party tonight. (whavwear?) ag 2 Tom has just bought a painting. (where/hang it) .. 3 I've decided to have a party. (who/invite) 3 page a i a ona a Sag, 5.3 In this exercise you have to use wasiwere going to. Example : Did you travel by train? ‘No. Lwas going to travel by train but | changed my mind. 1 _ Did you buy that jacket you saw in the shop window? wut | changed my mind,2 Did Sue get married? No, she but 3. Did Tom resign from his job? No, 4 Did Wayne and Sharon go to Greece NO, «. 9 Did you play tennis yesterday? NO, serve & Did you invite Ann to the party? No... 5.4 Now you have to say whal you thinixis.going to happen in these situations. Example : The sky is full of black clouds. (rain) It's going to rain, 1 Terry is doing his examinations tomorrow. He hasn't-done any work for them and ~~ he is not very intelligent. (tail) He ... 2 tis 6.30, Tom is leaving his house, He has to be at work at 8.45 but the journey takes 30 minutes. (be late) ... 3. There is a hole in the bottom of the boat. It is filing up with water vary quickly. (sink) tt 4° Annie driving. There is very litte petrot left In the tank. The nearest petrol station is a long way away. (run out of petrol) .... . ng ennnn KEY 5.1 1 I'mgoing to phone him after lunch. 4 _NO, they were golng to go to Greece 2 I'm just going to have it. {tor their holidays) but they changed 3 Not yet. I'm going to paint it soon. their minds. 4 Not yet. I'm just going to repair it. 5 No, | was going to play tennis but | : changed my mind, $2 1 What are you going to wear? 6 No, | was going to Invite her (to the 2 Where Is he going to hang it? party) but | changed my.mind. 3 Who are you going to invite? - 5.3 1 No,iwas going to buyitbut! "5.41 He is going to fall (his changed my ming. examinations). 2 No, she.was going to get married 2 He is going to be late, but she changed her mind. 3 Itis going to sink. 3_No, he was going to resign (from 4 She/The car is going to run out his job) but he changed his mind. of petrol ANH LE TOEICwww.thuvien247.net BAI6: SIMPLE FUTURE (will) (1) 8) Ching ta ding will (‘1l) (tic Id thi Simple Future - tyong lai don) khi quy8t dinh gay xaLtle nd a en mes vibe gt 88: ‘Oh, I've left the door open. 11 go and shut i. {61 Tei da a8 md cite, Toi 86 0 dng cita tal) "What would you like to drink?" “I have a lemonade, please’, ("Anh mu6n udng gi?" “Lam on cho mét ly nude chanh’). . - “Did you phorie Ann?* "Oh, no, | forgot. I'l! do It now’. (Anh 88 goi dién cho Ann chua?**O! Chula, 161 quén Bi. TBI s8 goi ngay bay gid"). I'm too tired to walk home. | think I'll get a taxi. (T6i qué mét knéng thé oi bd vé nha. T6i nghT ld minh sé d6n xe taxi). Ban khong thé ding thi Simple Present trong nhang cau nay : ~ I'll go and shut it. (Khong ding *! go and shut it’). # Khong ding will dé ndi vé mot viée ma ai dé da quyét dinh trudic hay daexem xét tude a6 thuc hign, I can't meet you tomorrow because my parents are coming to see me. (76i khéng thé gap ban ngay mai duge bdi vi cha me t6i 88 Bin tham 161) (khong ding “my parents will come’). Phi dinh (negative) ca will la won't (will not) : Receptionist : I'm afraid Mr Wood can't see you until 4 o'clock. (Tiép vién : T6i @ ring éng Wood khéng thé gap éng inide 4 gid dug). - You: Oh, in that case | wont wait. (Ban : O! N6u thé thi 161 khéng thé doi du9c). Ching ta thudng ding | think Il (Toi nghT rang 10i sé ...) hay | don't think I'l ... (Tdi {ehOng nghi ring ti 36...) khi ching ta quyét dinh lam diéu gl. + I think Fi! stay at home this evening. (Ti nghi ring 16i sé 2 nha chidu nay). | don't think I go out tonight. I'm too tired. (76i khéng nght réng 181 s& Oi chot t8i nay. TOi qué mét réi). b) Ching ta thudng ding will trong cAc tinh hudng sau : * Ngd ¥ musn lam gi gidp al : - That bag looks heavy. Ii/help you withit, (Ci tii 66 03 ve ning. Téi 88 gidp chi xdch nd) (Khong ding *! help"). "need some money”. "Don't worry. Wend you some" ("Téi chn tién*. "Dung Jo. T6i sé cho anh mugn’). * Béng y hay ty ch6i lam diéu gi dé : =A: You know that book | lend you? Can Ihave itback? = - (Ben can nhd cu6n séch ti cho ban mulgn chil? T6i ob thé iy lai chit 2) ~B : Of course. I'l bring it back this afternoon. (T&t nhién bi, T6i 56 mang tré chiéu nay). (Khong ding “1 bring’). ANH LE TOEICwww.thuvien247.net Ve asked John to help me but he won't. (T6i da nhé John gidp t8i nhung anh ta ty chdi). + The car wont start (= the car "refuses" to start). (Chide xe khdng khdi déng d109c). * Hifa hen lam digu gl dé : + Thank you for lending me the money, I'l pay you back on Friday, (Cam on anh da cho 16i mugn tién, Téi sé tr& cho anh vito thy SAu). (Khong dang “/ pay’) | won't telf Tom what you said. | promise. (T6i 86 khéng kf cho Tom nghe nhing gl anh ndi. T6i hda ay). 1 promise 1 phone you as soon as | arrive. (T6i hite sé goi dign cho anh ngay khi 18i dén nd) * Yéu cu ai tam diéu gl dé (will you ...?) : Will you shut tte door, please? (Anh lam an déng cia tai gidrn' nhé). 2 Will you please be qulet? |'m trying to concentrate. _{Anh lam on yén nao! T6i dang cé tap trung suy nghi day) UNIT 6 : Exercises 6.1 In this exercise you have to complete the sentences with I'll + a suitable verb. Example :1'm too tired to walk home, | think I'l get a taxi. 1 Meel a bit hungry. | think something to eat. 2 It's too late to telaphone Tom now. ... fhim in the morning 3 ‘It's a bit cold in this room’, “Is it? .... ..on the heating then‘, 4 "We haven't got any cigarettes”. *Oh, haven't we? and get some. 5 “Did you write that letter to Jack?" “Oh, | forgot. Thanks for reminding me: .... it this evening’. 6 ‘Would you like tea or coffee?" . coffee, please* 6.2 Now you have to use | think I'll... of | don't think I'll... Read the situation and then write your sentences, Examples : It's cold. You decide to close window. Lthink [11 clase the window. it's raining, You decide not to go our. Ldon't think I'l gq out. 1 You feel tired. You decide to go to bed. 1 ‘Atriend of yours otfers you a lit in his ear but you decide to walk, Thank you but 3 You arranged to play tennis. Now you decide that you don't want to play. 4 You were going to go swimming. Now you decide that you don't want to go.www.thuvien247.net 6.3 Now you have to offer to do things. Tom has a lot of things to do and in each case you ‘offer to do them for him. Example: Tom: Oh, | must do the washing-up. You: No_ I's all right, I'l do the washing- (Oh, ! must get the dinner ready. Yo ‘Oh, I must do the shopping. Ye Oh, | must water the plants. Ye Jo, its allright. -. lo, 6.4 This time you have to agree and promise to do things. Example : A: Can you clean the windows? 8 : Sura. I'l clean them this aftarnaan. A: Do you promise? . 8: Yes. { promige clean them this afternaan. 1A: Gan you phone me later? Bis tonight. Do you promise? 8: 2 8: B 3 8 B 4 B B:. KEY 61 1 Mhave/ 1 get 6.41 B: Sure, I'l phone you tonight. 2. It phone / I'l telephone / I'l ring Yes, | promise I'll phone you teal. tonight. 3 1V turn / 1M switch / 1M put 2° B: Okay, 11 repair it tomorrow. 4 Iigo A: Do you promise? 5 Mdo/ I write B: Yes, | promise I'l repair it 6 Ihave . tomorrow,” 62 1 {think {ll go to bed. 3 A: Do you promise? 2 (think I'l walk. B: Yes; promise | won't tell 3 I don't think It play tennis. . anyone. 4 I don't think i go swimming. 4B: I won't hurt you. 6.3 1 Ill get the dinner ready. A: Doyou promise? 2 No, its allright. 11! do the shopping. B: Yes,,! promise ! won't hurt you. 3 No, It's all right: rt! water the plants. ° ANH LE TOEICwww.thuvien247.net BAI7: SIMPLE FUTURE (will) (2) 8) Khi chdng ta néi v6 tuong tal, ching ta thudng pdi v6 vite mA ngudl nao 46 48 sdp x6p 06 thc hign hay cé ¥ dinh thyc hign. Trong tinh hudng nay khing ding wilt : ~ Tom is playing tennis on Monday. (Tom sé choi quén vot vao thi Hai). (Khong ding *Tom will play) Are you going to watch television this evening? (Khong ding ‘will you watch") 6) véi sy sdp xép va ¥ dinh, xem Bai 4 va 5. Nhung thuéng thudng, khi ching ta nél v6 twang lai, ching ta khong néi vé sy sp xép hay y dinh. Hay xem vi dy sau ~ Tom : t'm very worried about my examination next week. (Tom : T6i r&t lo lng vé ky thi cila minh vao tudn 10). Ann : Don't worry, Tom. You'll pass. : (Ann : Bung lo Tom. Ban sé déu mé). “You'll pass” khong phai la mot s4p x8p hay y dinn. Ann chi n6i diéu gl s& xay ra hay diéu ma c6 ta nghf sé xAy ra ; cO ta dang dodn trudc tung lai. Khi ching ta odin trude mot diéu xdy ra 8 tong lai hay mot tinh hudng tyong lai, ching ta ding willwon't. When you return home, you'll notice a lot of changes. (Khi tr8 v6 aha, anh sé kau y thy nhiéu thay a6i). ~ This time next year I''be in Japan, Where will you be? (Gia nay nam 181 #81 s8 8 Nhat Ben 98 2 dav7). - Tom won't pass his examination. He hasn't dane any work for it. (Tom sé khéng thi dgu. Cu ta khéng hoc chit ndo 36 thi cd). Ching ta thuding ding will vi cdc tl va ede dae ng nay : probably I'l probably be a bit tate this evening, (C6 Is 16i sé d6n khd muén t6i nay). | (I'm) sure You must meet Ann. /'m sure you'lllike her. {Anh phdi g&p Ann. T6i chdc la anh sé thich cé Ay). Mexpect. | expect Carol will ger the job. (T6i mong Carol s8 nhén dutye vigc tam a6). (0 think Do you think we't win the match? (Anh nghl ching ta s8 thing tran afu chit?) b) Will va shall Ban cé thé dilng shall hay will v6i) va we. - We shall (or we wil) probably go 0 Scotland in June, (Ching ta $8 co thé di Xcétlen vao thang Sév). ANH LE TOEICwww.thuvien247.net Nhung trong ting Anh ching ta thudng ding dang rit gon I'll va we'll z - Weill probably go to Scotland In June. Phi dinh cia shalt 8 shan't (hay shall not) : + | shan't (or | won't) be here tomorrow. (T6i 88 khong 2 day ngay mai). Khdng dng shalll véi he / she /It / you / they. Luu y ring ching ta ding shall (khong ding will) trong céc cau nghl van ahall I .....? va shall we .....? (06 chi dé nghi, thinh cdu vv...) Shall | open the window? (Do you want me to open the window?) (61 md cia s6 nhé?) ve got no money. What shail | do? (= What do you suggest | do?) (T6i khéng c6 tién. T6i nén lam gi?) - Where shail we go this evening? (Ching ta sé di dau 165i nay?) - V6i will xem thém Bai 6,8 va 9 UNIT 7 : Exercises 7.1 Decide which form of the verb is correct (or mare natural) in these sentences. Cross out the one which is wrong. Example : Tom isn’t free on Saturday. He DHE is. working. 1 Lui. go /am going to @ party tomorrow night. Would you like to come too? 2. According to the weather forecast it will rain /is raining tomorrow. 3. I'm sure Tom will gat is getting the job. He has 2 lot of experience. 4 s |! can't meet you this evening. A friend of mine will came /is. coming to see me. A: Have you dacided where to go for your holidays yet? 8: Yes, we will go /are going to italy. 6 Don't worry about the dog, It wan't hurt / isn’t hurting you. 7.2 Answer these questions using the words in brackets. Example : When do you think he'll arrive? (expect / tonight) | expact he'll arrive tonight. What do you think she'll say? (probably/nothing) She . Where do you think she'll go? (expect/London) ' When do you think she'll leave? (!hink/tomorrow) How do you think she'll go there? (expectiby train} 1 When do you think she'll be back? (think/quite soon) | Do you think you'll miss her? (I'm suraivery much) Yes aneens 7.3 Now you have (0 read a situation and then write a sentence with shall 1? in each situation you are talking to a friend. Example : \t's very hot in the room. The window is shut. Shall | open the window? ANH LE TOEICwww.thuvien247.net 1 You've just tried on a jacket in a shop. You are not sure whether to buy It or not. Ask your friend for advice 2 You're going out. ifs possible that It will rain and you're not sure whether to take an umbrella or not. Ask your friend for advice 3 It's Ann's birthday soon and you don't know what to give her. Ask your friend for advice. What .. 4 Your friend wants you to phone him / her later. You dont know what time to phone. Ask him / her. What... This fime you have to make sentences with shall we? Example : You and your trind havent decided what to do this evening. You say : What shail we do this evening? 5 You and your friend havent decided where to go for your holidays. You say : Where 8 You and your friend haven't decided what to have far dinner. You say : 7 You and your friend are going out. You haven't decided wether to go by car or to walk. You say : + OF. KEY These verb forms are more natural 7.11 am going will rain: witl get is coming are going won't hurt She'tt probably say nothing | expect she'll go to London. | think she'll eave tomorrow. | expect she'll go there by train. I think she'll be back quite soon. Yes, 'm sure I'l miss her very much. Shalt 1 buy it? ‘Shall | take an umbrella? What shail I give Ann for her birthday? What time shail | phone (you)? Where shall we go for our holidays? What shail we have for dinner? Shall we go by car or (shall we) walk? NOMRENE DUAN + DHAOH ANH LE TOEIC a7www.thuvien247.net BAI8: WILL hay GOING TO? a) N6I vé nhGng hanh dgng tutdng [al : ‘Chung ta dang ca will din going to 46 néi vé nhang hinh dong tucng lal, nhung 66 sy khée bigt 13 rang Hay xem x6t tinh huSng mau sau : Xe dap cila Helen bj bé bénh. Cd Ay ké cho cha minh nghe. Helen: My bicycle has a flat tyre. Can you repair it for me? (Xe dap cita con bj bé bénh. Ba cé thé sida giip con kndng?) Father: Okay, but ( can't do it now. I'll repair It tomorrow. (Buse 161, nhung ba khéng thé sila vio lic ny. Ngay mai ba sé sita cho). ‘Will : Chang ta ding will khi ching ta-quy8t dinh 4am diéu gl 66 ngay vo hic néi. Trude 66 ngudi ndi cha quyét dinh lam. Trudc khi Heten ké_cho cha co dy nghe, ona ta chua biét gl vé chuygn bé banh xe. Sau d6, me cia Helen ndi vai chéng ba ta. Mother: Can you repair Helen's bicycle? Ithas a flat tyre. (Ong ¢6 thé sita xe dep cho Helen khéng? N6 bj bé banh). Father: Yes, ! know. She told me. /m going to repair it tomorrow. (Buge, 16i biét r6i, N6 di ndi vai 161. Ngay mai t6/ £8 sia). Going to : Ching ta dung going fo khi ching ta 4& quyét dinh truge dé lam mot diéu gi. Cha ca Helen 48 quyét dinh sia chigc xe dap trudc khi vo Ong dy ndi vi ong ay. Sau day la mot vi dy khac = = Tom dang n&u com khi anh bat chgt phat hién ra rang khong cé mudi Tom: — Ann, we haven't got any salt. (Ann, ching ta chéng cdn chat mudi néo cA). ‘Ann: Oh, haven't we? 11! get some from the shop then. (she decides at the time of speaking), - (6, that 8? V4y 08 am ra tigm mua mét &). Trude khi ra khdi nha, Ann ndi vi Jim: Ann: I'm going to get some salt from the shop. (she has already decided) Can get you anything, Jim? (Em s8 1a tigm mua mgt t mudi. Anh cS muén em mua g) cho anh khong, sim?) 1b) NOI vé didu g) 98 xdy ra (dy dodn nhing sy vige tuding tal) Chiing ta ding e& will in going to 48 néi vé diéu ma chdng ta nghT 88 xay ra trong tung lai: ANH LE TOEICwww.thuvien247.net Do you think Tom will get the job? (Anh cé nght ring Tom sé nhén dugc céng vige 3 Khéng?) + Oh dear, its already 4 o'clock. We're going to be late. (Oi anh yéu, d& bon gid rdi. Ching ta sé tr& mit thei}. ‘Chitng ta ding going to (chd khong ding wil) khi co mot c4l gl 46 8 tinh hudng hign tai cho thily diéu 86 xay ra trong tyong lai {nhs 1& Luong lal gén). Ngudi nd! cdm thdy chic chAn v6 di6u 86 xAy ra do cé tinh huéing hign tai (xem thém bai Sd) : ~ Look at those black clouds. It's going fo rain. (the clouds are there now). (Hay nbn nhdng ddim may den kia. Trdi sdp muse ri). = fee! terrible, | think 'm going to be sick. (| fee! terrible now) (761 cdm thay khd chiu qué. TOi nghr16i sdp 5m réi). Bitng ddng will trong nhiing tinh hufing nhu tr6n. Trong nhiing tinh huéng khde, Wt han te nén dong will (xem thém bal 7) : + Ann will probably arrive at about & o'clock. - (Ann © thé $8 En vao Wc 8 gid). . | think Tom will ike the present you bought for him. (76i nghi rang Tom sé thich mén qué ma anh dé mua tang anh Ay) UNIT 8 : Exercises 6.1 in this exercise you have to put the verb into the correct form using will or going to. Examples: A: Why are you turning on the television? B : Lm gaing to watch (watch) the news. ‘A: Oh, !'ve just realised - | haven't got any money. B : Don't worry - that’s no prablem. LiLtend (lend) you some. Those clouds ate very black, aren't they? | think itis. going to rain (rain). : Ive got a terrible headache. : Have you? Wait there and | (get) an aspirin for you. 2 A: Why are you filing that bucket with water . it. ne +» (wash) the car. 3 A: Ne decided to re-paint this 100m. Oh, have you? What colour .. (you/paint) it? 4 A: Look! There's smoke coming aut of that house. It on firef wan. (Call) the fire-brigade immediately. 5 A: The ceiling in this room doesn't look very safe, does it? No, it looks ai¥ it... (tall) down, Where ara you going? Are you going shopping? : Yes, .. (buy) something for dinner. : Lean't work out how to use this camera. - Ws quite easy. | ... {show) you. A 8 A 8 A 8 A B : Good heavens! | .... A 8 A 8 A 8www.thuvien247.net + What would you like to drink - tea or coffee? 1 Tesseenw (Rave) tea, please: : Has George decided on what to do when he leaves school? 2 Oh yes, Everything is planned. He......... (have) a holiday for a Yew weeks and then he... (start) a computer programming course. = Did you post that letter for me? : Oh, I'm sarry. | completely forgot. | ...... : What shall we have for dinner? : don't know. | can'tamake up my mind, © : Come on, hurry up! Make a decision! : Okay then, We .. (hava) chicken. 12 Jack : We need some bread for lunch. Ben : Oh, do we? I .. . (go) to the strop and get some. | feel like a walk. Before he goes out, Ben talks to Jane : . © o>ro> 10 (do) it now. tf o>ro>ro> Ben :1.. (get) some bread. Do you want anything from the shop? Jane : Yes, | need some envelopes. - Ben : Oka) (get) you some. 13 John has 16 go to the airport to catch a plane. Ha hasn't got a car John : Alan, can you take me to the airport this evening? Alan : Of course | ... .~- (take) you. I'd be detighted. Later that day Eric offers to take John to the airport. Eric : John, do you want me to take you to the airport? John : No, thanks, Eric. Alan .. (take) me. KEY att MMiget 2 Im going to wash 3 are you going to paint 4 Wieall 5 itis going to fait 6 I'm going to buy 7 ¥itshow B ithave 9 eis going to have he is yoing to start 10 11 do 41 welll have 12 fl go 'm going to get ... 1 get 13 il take Alan is going to take ANH LE TOEICwww.thuvien247.net . BAI9: Céc cau vdi WHEN va IF (When I do ...Af 1 DO...) a) Hay xem vi dy sau day: ‘A: What time will you phone me tonight? (T6i nay ban s8 goi didn cho 16i Ide may gid?) B : I'll phone you when | get home {rom work. (i $8 goi di¢n cho ban khi 16i di lam vé). "Ti 88 goi dién thoai cho ban khi ti di [am v6" fa mot cAu cé hai phdn : ‘TSi sé oi dign thoai cho ben* (phn chinh) va *khi ti di lam vé* (phén when). CAu nay mang nghia tuong lai (t6i nay) nhung ban khéng thé diing will hoac going to & phéin when cla cau. Thay vao d6, chting ta ding mot thi hign tai, thudng 1a thi Simple Present (I do). lit send you a postcard when Fm on holiday. (not “wher | willbe") (161 58 g8i cho ban mét tim bu thiép khi t6i di ngh). When the rain stops, we'll go out. (not ‘when the rairr will stop") (Khi mua tanh ching ta sé ra ngodi). Ching ta ciing 4p dung qui tc trdn sau céc CONJUNCTIONS of TIME (Lién ti chi thd gian) while (trong khi) atter (sau khi) before (trudc khi) untilillt (cho dén khi) as soon as. (ngay khi). + Can you look after the children while | am out? (not "will be"). (C6 66 thé trong gidm may dia tré trong Khi 106i dF véng dude khéng?) + Before you leave, you must visit the museum. (not “will leave") (Trééc khi ban ra di, ban phi ghé thém Vien Bao tang). Wait here until\ come back. (not *wilt come") (Hay cha 8 day cho on khi 16; 1rd lai). b) Ban cing o6 thé dong thi Present Perfect (Hign tai hoan thanh). (I have done) sau when / after / until v.v... 68 chi ring hanh déng thd: nhét 88 duge Hoan thanh trude hash dong thif hai. - When ve read this book, you can have it. (Khi 10: doe xong quyén sdch nay, ban o6 thé mugn nd). + Don't say anything while Tom is here. Wait here untihe has gone. (ding ndi gi c& trong khi Tom cé mgt day. Hay cha 8 day cho dén khi anh ta 04 di khdi). Thuding thi ching ta c6 thé ding thi Present Simple ho&c thi Present Perfect : = Vilcome as soon as finish; or : 11! come as son as I've finished (76i 36 O8n ngay Khi I6i hoan tt cong -vige ; Hoge : TO sd d&n ngay Khi 16) xong viéc). - - You'll fee! better after you have something to eat ; of : Youll teel better after you've had something to eat (Ban sB cdm thily khée hon sau khi an chit gl dé ; hodc : Ban sé cdm théy kndo ‘hon sau khi d& &n chit g) dé). ANH LE TOEIC 31www.thuvien247.net If chiding ta cOng dang thi Simple Present (/ do) 66 ndi v4 tudng lai Its raining. We'll get wet if we go out. (not “if we will go”) (Trai dang mua. Ching ta.sd bj uot néu chiing ta ra ngod). ~ Hurry up! if we don’ hurry, we'll be late. (not "if we won't hurry*) (Nhanh lén nao! Néu ching ta khéng vi ién, ching ta sé bf tr gid). C&n than dig nhdin tn gid when va I. Ding when cho nhang ¢iéu ch&c chin s& xay ra. Vm going shopping this afternoon. When | go shopping, !'t buy some food. (Chiéu nay 16 $8 1 mua s&m. Khi 16% dl, 16186 mua mét R thie An). Dang ff (chi khong ding when) cho nhiing digu cé th sé xay ~ I might go shopping this afternoon. if! go shopping, 1'l buy some food. (Chiéu nay cd thé 16] sé di mua s4m. Nu 1} di, 161 sé mua mot f thilc An), + If itrains this evening, { won't go out. (not *wben it rains*) (N6u 161 nay trdi mula, 181 88 khéng ra khdi nha. Don't worry if{'m late tonight. (not “when I'm late") (Xin ding lo Idng nu ti nay 161 d6n 178). ithe dogsn't come soon, I'm not going to wait. (not “when he doesn't come") (N6u anh ta kh6ng dén sdm, ti sé khdng dgi). c) Si UNIT 9 : Exercises 9.1 Ail the sentences in this exercise are about the future. Put the verbs into the correct form: wllltwon't or the simple present (| do). Example : When | saa (see) Tom tomorrow, I'll invite (invite) him to our party. Battie you (leave), dont forget to shut the windows. (phone) you as soon as | (arrive) in London. Please don't touch anything before the police .. . (come). (be) very surprised if he . (see) Brian again, you . (nolstart) dinner untit Jack (you/be) lonely without me while | (need) any hetp, | .. us (ask) you. ‘Come on! Hurry up! An... (be) annoyed if we Covoneens 9.2 This time you have to make one sentence from two sentences. Example: You are going to leave soon. You must visit the museum before that. ‘You must visit the museum before youleava. + find same wants tw, Then [gt you ry aidese, en WON 2 Wie ‘going to start raining. Let's go out betore that. Let's . before .. ANH LE TOEIC32www.thuvien247.net 3 I'm going to do the shopping. Then I'll come straight back home. 4 You'll be in London next month. You must come and see me then. cesses WAN 6 We'll make our decision. Then we'll let you know. as s00n as 9.3 in this exercise you have to put in when or If. Example :If it rains this evening, 1 won't go out. I'm going to Paris next week. t'm there, | hope to visit a friend of mine, Tom might phone this evening. he does, can you take a message? | think he'll get the job. I'l be very surprised he doesn't get it. hope to be there by 10.30. But I'm not there, don't wait for me. I'm going shopping ... you want anything, | can get it for you. | think I'l go home now. I'm feeling very tired. | think I'l go straight to bed 1 gethome. I'm going away lor a few days. I'l phone you 8 | want you to come to the party but ... you needn't annons .- get back, you don’t want to come, za m < o1 leave will phone ... arrive ‘come (‘police® is plural) will be ... passes see ... won't recognise won't start... arrives Will you be ... am need ... will ask will be 1'll give you my address when I find (or have found) some where to live. Let's go out betore it starts raining. Ml come straight back home alter | do (or have done) the shopping. ‘You must come and see me when you're in London next month. i get the dinner ready when t finish (or have finished) reading this book. We'll let you know as soon as we make (or have made) our decision. 9.2 OABBN2 COVOHAONH 9.3 When n it it It when when if ona eva ANH LE TOEIC 29www.thuvien247.net BAI 10: FUTURE CONTINUOUS (will be doing) va FUTURE PERFECT (will have done) a) Trudc hét hay xem xét tinh hudng mau sau: Tom t& mot 8 dong vién béng dA va tdi nay trén tivi cd mot tran béng da. Tran d&u sé bat ddu vao luc 7 gid 30 va kat thc vio fic 9 gid 15. Ann mun dén gap Tom 16t nay va mudn bist gid ndo cb ta cé thé dén dugc. ‘Ann: Is it all right if| come at about 8.307 (Em d8n vao khodng 8 gid 30 duge khéng?). Tom: No, don't come then. I'l be watching the match on television. (Kéng due dv, ding dén vo hic dd. Lie a anh 6 dang xem win . (A, th 9 gid 30 duye khdng?) . Tom: Yes, that'l be fing. The match will have finished by then. (Dupe, 15 ldm. Lie 0 tran du 56 a kt thic r4i). b) Ching ta ding will be doing (thi Future Continuous - Tung lai tiép didn) dé ndi ring ching ta dang lam mét vide gi nifa ching vao mot thai dim n&o dé trong tuang lai, Tran béng dé bt ddu hic 7 gid 30 va K6t thuc lic 9 gl 15, vi vay trong khoang thei gian nay, vi dy vao lic 8 gié 30, Tom s8 dang xem tran béng 44. | Dudi day la mot vai vi dy khde: + You'll recognise her when you see her. She’ be wearing a yellow hat. (Ban sé nhan ra khi ban gap cd ta. C6 Ay s6 di ndn vang). + This time next week 11k be on holiday. I' probably be lying on a beautiful beach. (Vao gid nay tudn 107 101 sé dang nghl mat. Cé thé lic 06 16i 8 dang ndm nghl trén ‘mbt bai bign tuyét dep). Hay so sdnh will be doing véi nhing thé tiép didn kde: ‘M&i budi sding Tom Jam vigc tU 9 gid cho dén trua. Vi vay: - At 10 o'clock yestarday he was working. (Vao hic 10 gid ngay hom qua anh ta dang lam viée) (thi Past Continuous. Hay xem bai 12) Its 10 o'clock now. He is working. (Bay gid 1a 10 gid. Anh ta dang lam vigc) (thi Present Continuous. Hay xem bal 1). At 10 o'clock tomorrow he will be working. (Véo lie 10 gid ngay mai anh ta 58 dang 14m viée). ¢) Ban cing ¢6 thé ding will be doing theo mt céch khac dé ndi vé nhiing vige 4& duge dy dinh ho&e quyét dinh réi. - I'l be going to the city centre later. Can | get you anything? (L4t na 18) dinh s6 xudng trung tam thanh phd. Ben cd mufn t8i mua gl cho ban ‘khdng?). ANH LE TOEICwww.thuvien247.net V6i ¥ nght nay will be doing tuang ty nhut am doing (thi Present Continuous) (xem bai 4a). 1'm going to the city centre later. {Lat nda 16i sé xudng trung tam thanh phé}. Ching ta thuding dung Will (you) be + ing? dé hdi vé nhing dy tinh ca ngudi hdc ac bigt IA khi ching ta mun cAi gi dé hay muén ngudi nao lam didu gl 44, “Will you be using your bicycle this evening? ‘No, you can take it". ("Téi nay ban 0 si! dung xe dap cia ban khéng?* "Khdng, ban cé thé ding nd”. Will you be passing the post office when you go out?" "Yes, why?” ("Ban 06 6) ngang buu dién khi ra phd khdng?* “Cb, thd thl sao?” 4) Ching ta dung will have done (thi Future Perfect - Tudng lai hon thanh) dé ndi ring mot vide nado d6 da xay ra truéc mot thoi diém trong tydng lai, Tran bong G4 ma Tom xem két thie vao lic 9h15. Vi thé sau thai diém nay, vi dy vao Ide 9 gid 30, tran d&u 8 két thuc r6i. (The match will have finished at 9.30), Dudi ddyJa mot vai vi dy khac: Next year is Ted and Amy's 25th wedding anniversary. Thoy will have been married for 25 years. (Now they have been married for 24 years). (Nam tdi sé la ky niém 25 nam ngay cudi cua Ted va Amy. Khi 66 ho dé Idy nhau duge 25 nam réi). (Bay gid ho 04 Idy nhau duge 24 nam 163). We're late. | expect the film will already have started by the time we get to the cinema. (Chiing ta tré gid r6i. Téi nghi ring phim da bat déu khi ching ta én rap hat). UNIT 10: Exercises 10.1 In this exercise you have to make sentences with will be -Ing. Example: \'m going to walth television from 9 until 10 o'clock this evening So at 9.30 | will he watching television. 1 Tomorrow afternoon I'm going to play tennis from 3 o'clock until 4.30. So at 4 o'clock tomorrow | oe 2 Jim is going to study from 7 o'clock until 10 o'clock this evening. So at 8.30 this evening he .. 3° We are going to clean the flat tomorrow. It will take from 9 until 11 o'clock. So at 10 o'clock tomorrow morning .. 10.2 This time you have to write three sentences, one each about the past, present and future. Bob always reads the newspaper in the moming. It always takes him half an hour, trom 8 o'clock until 8.30. So: 1 At8.15 yesterday moming Bob 2 Its 8.15 now. He ee 3 ALB.15 tomorrow morning he ANH LE TOEIC 35www.thuvien247.net 10.3 This time you have to ask questions with Will you be -Ing? Example: You want to borrow your friend's bicycle this evening. (you / use / your bicycle this evening?) Will you he using your bicycle this evening? 1 You want your friend to give Tom a message this afternoon. (you / see / Tom this afternoon?) a 2 You want to use your friend's typewriter tomorrow evening. (you / use / your typewriter tomorrow evening?) 3. Your trend is going shopping. You want him/her fo buy some stamps for you al the post office. (you / pass / the post office when you're in town?) - 10.4 In this exercise you have to use will have done. Example: Tom and Ann are going to the cinema. The film begins at 7.30 and it is already 7.20. And it will take them 20 minutes to get there. When they got there, (the film / already / start) the film will have already started, - 1 Jim always goes to bed at 11 o'clock. Tom is going to visit him at 11.30 this evening. When Tom arrives, (Jim / go / to bed) . 2 Tom is on holiday. He has very litte money snd he is spending too much too quickly. Belore the end of his holiday, (he / spend / all his money) 3. Chuck came to Britain rom the US nearty three years ago, Next Monday It will be exactly three years since he arrived. Next Monday (he / be / here / exactly three years) KEY 10.1 { will be playing tennis. he will be studying. we will be cleaning the flat. Bob was reading the newspaper. He is reading the newspaper. be will be reading the newspaper. 10.2 10.3 ‘Will you be seeing Tom this afternoon? Will you be using your typewriter tomorrow evening? Will you be passing the post office when you're in town? Jim will have gone to bed. he will have spent afl his money. he will have been here exactly three years. 10.4 ON4 N= Os OMe ANH LE TOEICwww.thuvien247.net BAI 11: SIMPLE PAST (/ did) a) Hay xem vi dy sau: Tom: Look! It's raining again. (Nhin kia, 179i Iai dang mua). Ann: Oh no, not again. It rained all day yesterday too. (6 khéng, dau phai tai dang mua. Tréi cing 68 mua sudt ngay hém qua rdi). “Rained \a thi Simple Past (Qué khi don). Ching ta dung thi Qu khis dan dé nd} v6 ca hanh dgng hodic cdc tinh huding trong qué khu. {very much enjoyed the party. (701 da rat thich baa tic). Mr Edwards died ten years ago. - (Ong Edwards da chét cdch day mudi nam). When } fived in Manchester, | worked in a bank - (Khi 161 con s6ng 8 Manchester, 16i 0& lam viée rong m61 ng&n hang). 'b) Rat thuding khi dong tid thi Simple Past t&n cing bang -ed. = We invited them to our party but they decided not to come. (Ching 61 43 mdi ho dy bub) tiée cia chung 161 nhung no da quyét dinh khong En). ‘The police stopped me on my way home last night. (CAnh sdt d& chan 10) Iai trén dudng 16i vé nha 16i qua). - She passed her examination because she studied very hard. (C6 dy thi du vi cb dy 4a hoc rét cham). Nhung nhiéu dong tir quan trong lai lA dong ty b&t qui tAc (irregular verbs). Digu nay 6 nghia la hinh hdc qué khi! eta c&e dng ts nay Knng t9n cdng bang -ed. Vi dy: Leave = left. We all Jeff the party at 11 o'clock. (Tt ¢4 chiing t6i r0i khdi bia tige tic 19 gid). ‘90 = went: Yesterday | went to London to see a friend of mine. (H6m qua t6i da di Ludn Dén dé g4p mét ngudi ban). + Cost = Cost. This house cost 35.000 in 1980. (Cn nha nay tri gid 35.000 bang vao nam 1980). ‘Qua Knis eda dong tl be (amis/are) la was/were. I /he / she /it was. We / you / they were | was angry because Tom and Ann were late. T6i da néi gian vi Tom va Ann dén 18). Xem bang dng tii At qui te & ph4n Phy lye 2. c) Trong cdc cau hdi va cdc cau phil dinh & thi Simple Past ta ding did/didn't + done w nguyén thé (do/opensrain vv...) ANH LE TOEIC awww.thuvien247.net it rained did it rain? it didn't rain. = Ann: Did you go out tast night, Tom? (T6i hém qua ben cd ra khdi nha Khong Tom?) =~ - Tom: Yes, | went to the cinema. But | didn't enjoy tne film. (C6, 16] 44 oi xem phim nhung t6i khéng thich b6 phim dd). - When did Mr Edwards die? (Ong Edwards chét khi nao?) What did you do at the week-end? (Ban dé lam gi vio ngay nghi cu6i tun r6i2) We didn’? invite her to the party, so she didn't come. (Ching t6i da khéng mdi cb &y dy tiéc, vi vay cb Sy di khong dén), Why didn’t you phone me on Tuesday? (Sao hém thd Ba ban khéng goi dién thoai cho 18i?). Chi ¥ ring ching ta thudng ding did/didn't vdi have: - Did you have time to write the letter? - (Ban cd thi gid vibt thy khong?) \ didn’t have enough money to buy anything to eat. (T6i da Khéng cé dé tién 6€ mua thic Bn). Nhung chong ta khong dong ald val dong tbe (was/were): Why were you so angry? (Tai sao ban gin di qué nhu thé?) They weren't able to come because they were very busy. (Ho da khéng thé dén duge béi vi ho rit bn). - Was Tom at work yesterday? (Hém qua Tom ¢6 di lam khéng?) ©6i véi thi Simple Past, xem thém cdc bai 12,20,21. UNIT 11: Exercises 11.1 In this exercise you have to read a sentence about the present and then write a ‘Sentence about the past. Example: Tom usually gets up at 7.30. Yesterday he got up at 7.30. Tom usually wakes up earty. Yesterday morning Tom usually walks to work. Yesterday .. Tom is usually late for work. Yesterday Tom usually has a sandwich for lunch. Yesterday . Tom usually goes out in the evening. Yesterday evening Tom usually sleeps vary well. Last night... anaon ANH LE TOEICwww.thuvien247.net 11.2 This time you have to put one of these’ verbs in each sentence. hurt teach spend sell throw — fall” catch buy cost Example: t was bungey, 80 | baught something to eatin the shop. Tom's father him now to drive when he was 17. 2 Don down the stairs this morning and .. 3 3 We needed some money 80 we --. 4 5 £50. Jim 11.3 In this exercise you have fo write questions. A friend has just come back from holiday and you are asking him about it. Examples: where/go? Where did you ga? food/good? Was the fond gand? how long/stay there? Stay in a hotel? go alone’ how/travel? the weather/tine’ what/do in the evenings? ..... meet any interesting people? Vousens 11.4 This time you have to put the verb into the correct form. All the sentences are past. Example: | didn't ga (not/go) to work yesterday beacuse | wasn't (notbe) very well. 1 Tom {not/shave) this moming because he (novhave) time. 2 We (noVeat) anything because we (novbe) hungry. 31. (novrush) because | {novibe) in a hurry. 4 She. (novbe) Interested in the book because she (novunderstand) it, KEY 11.1 1 ne woke up early. 11.3 1 How long did you stay there? 2 he walked to work. 2 Did you stay in a hotel? 3 he was late for work, 3 Did you go alone? 4he had a sandwich forlunch. ~ 4 How did you travel? 5 he went out. 5 Was the weather fine? 6 he slept very well. 6 What did you do in the evenings? 11.2 1 taught 7 Did you meet any interesting 2 tell... hunt people? 3 sold 11.4 1 didn't shave ... didn't have 4 spent ... bought ... cost 2.didn't eat ... weren't S threw ... caught 3 didn't rush ... wasn't 4wasn't... didn't understand 39 ANH LE TOEICwww.thuvien247.net BAI 12: PAST CONTINUOUS (thi Qua kht tiép dién) (/ was doing) a) Hay xem xét tinh hudng mau sau: Hém qua Tom va Jim chdi quan vot. Ho bat du choi lc 10 gid va chdm ditt lic 11 gid. ~ What were they doing at 10.30? (Ho dang lam gl vao Ide 10 gid 30?) They were playing tennis (at 10.30) (Ho dang choi quén vot vao hic 10.30) Ho dang choicé nghia la ho dang 6 gidla thai diém hanh dong xay ra. Ho da bat d4u choi hung ho chua chal xong. Sau day la thf Past Continuous: \ne/she <—— -was }< playing we/they/you_<— were’ Ching ta ding thi Past Continuous dé noi rang mOt ngudi nao dé dang lam mot viée gi vao mot thai diém nao dé trong qué khii. Hanh dong hoac tinh huding da bat du trude théi diém nay nhung vdn chua cham dit: + This time last year | was living in Brazil, (Vao gid nay nam ngoai t6i dang song 6 Brazil) - What were you doing at 10 o'clock last night? (Ban dang lam gi vao lide 10 gid 161 hém qua?) b) Thi Past Continuous khéng cho chting ta biét hanh dong da dugc hoan thanh hay chua. C6 thé né-da duge hoan thanh ma ciing ¢6 thé chua. Hay so sénh: ‘Tom was cooking the dinner. (past continuous) (Tom dang n&u bda téi). (thi Qué khu tiép dién) = Anh ta dang ndu boa t6i nda ching va ching ta khéng biét duge la anh ta da nau xong réi hay chua. ‘Tom cooked the dinner. (past simple) = He began and finished it. (Tom da nau bia An t6i). (thi Qué kh don) = Anh ta da bat dau va da hoan tat vide 06. ©) Ching ta thudng ding thi Past Continuous (! was doing) va thi Simple Past (/ did) ‘cUng véi nhau dé néi rang mdt vide nao dé da xay ra trong luc mot viéc khac dang tiép dién. + Tom burt his hand when he was cooking the dinner. (Tom dé bi phéng tay khi anh ta dang ndu bua an 16i). - | saw Jim in the park. He was sitting on the grass and reading a book. (T6i d& gap Jim trong’céng vién. Anh ta dang ngéi trén bai cd va dang doc mét quyén sach). 40 ANH LE TOEICwww.thuvien247.net = Itwas raining when | got up. {Trai dang mua khi 161 thie dy). - While | was working in the garden, | hurt my back. (Trong Joe t6i dang lam vigc trong vudn, 10i bj dau hing). Nhung a6 ndi ring mét viée 04 xAy ra sau Mot vigc khdc, ta dung thi Simple Past. Yesterday evening Tom was having a bath when the phone rang. Me got out of the bath and answered the phone. (761 hm qua khi chuéng dién thoai reo th) Tom dang t4m. Anh ta ra khdi nha thm va tra {61 dién thoai). Hay so sanh: + When Tom arrived, we were having dinnor, (past continuous) = we had already started dinner before Tom arrived (Khi Tom a8n, chiing ta dang &n 16i). (thi Qué khd tiép din) Ching t6i da bat déu An 16i trudc khi Tom d&n. When Tom arrived, we had dinner (past simple) = Tom arrived and then we hed dinner. (Khi Tom dén, ching tdi an %6i). (th Qué kh dan) = Tom dén val 16i ching tdi an t6i. Ghi chu: C6 mot 86 dong ti (thi dy know) thudng khéng duge dong trong cdc thi tiép didn (continuous tenses). Xem bang tigt ké cde dong ti nay & bai 3b. UNIT 12: Exercises 12.1 Here is a list of some things that Ann did yesterday (and the times at which she did them): 1 8.45 - 9.15 had breaktas 4 12.45 - 1.30 fad lunch 2 9.15 - 10.00 read the newspaper 5 2.30- 3.90 washed some ciothes 310.00 - 12.00 cleaned herfiat.....-.__6 _4.00 - 6.00 watched television Now write sentences saying what she was doing at these times: 1 At o'clock she was neving beaks, 4 Att o'dtoek ... 2 At9.30 she... 5 o'clock 3 AL11 o'clock 6 At o'clock .... 42.2 A group of people were staying in a hotel. One evening the fire alarm rang. Use the words in brackets to make sentences saying what each person was doing af the time, Example: (Oon / have / a bath) Don was having» bath, (Ann / write / a letter in her room) Ann .. (George / get / ready to go out) George {Carol and Dennis / have / dinner) Carol and Oeni {Tom / make / a phone call) Tom ...... aan ANH LE TOEIC “www.thuvien247.net 12.8 Make sentences from the words in brackets. Put the verbs into the correct form, past simple (| did) or past continuous (I was doing). Example: (| / feel / asieep when | / watch / television) | fall asieep when | was watching talavision. 4 (the phone / ring / when | / have / a shower) The phone 2 (it / begin / to rain when | / walk / home) .. 3 (we / see / an accident when we / walt / for the bus) 12.4 Put the verb into the correct form, past continuous or past simple. Example: White Tom was coaking (cook) the dinner, the phone rang (ring) 1 George ... (fall) off the ladder while he (paint) the ceiling. 2 Last night | . (read) in bed when suddenly t .. (hear) a scream. 3 +. (YOU, watch) television when I phoned you? 4 - (wait) for me when | .. (arrive) 5 I. (novdrive) very fast wher the accident .. (happen), 61 (break) a plate last night. | . (do) the washing-up when it Slip) out of my hand. 7 Tom (take) a photograph of me while | {notlook}. a {notigo) out because it train). 9 (you/do) at this time yesterday? 10 | =~ (see) Carol at the party. She ........ (wear) @ really beautiful dress, KEY 42.4 2 she wasteading the newspaper 12.4 1 fell ... was painting 3 she was cleaning her fiat 2 was reading ... heard 4 she was having lunch 3 Were you watching 5 she was washing some clothes 4 was waiting ... arrived 6 she was watching television 5 wasn't driving ... happened 12.2 1 Annwas writing aletter inher room. 6 broke ... was doing... slipped 2 George was getting ready to go out. 7_took ... wasn't looking 3° Carol and Dennis were having dinner. 8 didn't go ... was raining 4 Tom was making a phone call. 9 were you doing 12.8 1 The phone rang when | was having 10 saw ... was wearing a shower. » It began to rain when | was walking home, 3 We saw an accident when we were Waiting for the bus. 2 ANH LE TOEICwww.thuvien24/7.net BAI 13: PRESENT PERFECT (thi Hién tai hoan thanh) (/ have done) (1) a) Hay xem xét tinh huding mau sau: ‘Tom dang tim chia khéa. Anh ta khOng tim thay no. - He has lost his key. (Anh ta da danh mat chia khéi “Anh ta d& danh mt chia khéa* cé nghia la anh — a ta d& danh m&t né céch day khOng lau va bay gid van chua tim ra. Sau day [a thi Present Perfect: Wwelyoulthey. have ve ...) he/she has. 7 -) fost a haven't have you /(...) lost lost? he/she hasn't has he/she Ching ta thanh lap thi Present Perfect (Hién tai hoan thanh) véi have/has + Past participle (phan ti qua khi). Past Participle thuding tan cling bang -ed (opened, decided) nhung nhiéu dong ty quan trong lai la dong tis bat qui tdc (lost, written, done, v.v...). Kem phn phy lye 2. b) Khi chting ta diing thi Present Perfect thi luén luén o6 mot sy lién hé vdi hign tal: + _ Ie lostmy key. (= | haven't got it now). (T6i da dénh mat chia khda 164i) (= Bay gid t6i van chua tim thay). Jim has gone to Canada. (= He is in Canada or on his way there now). (Jim da di Canada) (= Bay gid anh ta dang 3 Canada hoae dang trén dudng dén 46). Oh dear,’I've forgotten her name. (= | can’t remember it now). (0, trdi, 161 quén mét tén 6 ta 165i) (= Bay gid 16 khéng thé nhd duge tén cB ta). Have you washed your hair? (= Is it clean now?) (Ban da g6i déu chua?) (= Bay gid t6c ban cé sach khéng?) » c) Ching ta thudng ding thi Present Perfect dé théng bao tin tic mdi ho&ac loan bdo mot viéc vita mdi xay ra. I've lost my key. Can you help me look for it? (T6i da dénh mat chia khéa. Ban c6 thé gidp 16/ tim nd khéng?) Do you know about Jim? He’s gone to Canada. (Ban 6 biét tin gi vé Jim khéng? Anh ta da di Canada), ‘Ow! I've burnt myselt. (01 T6i bi phéng r6i). 43 ANH LE TOEICwww.thuvien247.net Ban c6 thé dung thi Present Perfect vdi just (= va mdi day). *Would you like something to eat?" “No, thanks. I've justhad lunch. ("Ban 66 mun an chit gl khéng?* "Khéng, cém an, TOi vita md an tra xong’). Hello, have you just arrived? (Min chao, ban vila mai dén phai khong?) Ban cé thé diing thi Present Perfect vdi already d& ndi ring mot vidc nao dé d8 xay ra sém hon mong agi = ‘Don't forget to post the letter, will you?* ‘I've already posted it". (Dung quén bd thu, nhé” "T6i da bé thy 76i”). *When is Tom going to start his new job?" He has already started? ("Khi nao thi Tom sé bat du viéc lam mdi?" “Anh ta da bat déu 16"). d) Hay xem xét sy khdc nhau gidla gone to va been to: Ann is on holiday. She has gone to Italy. (Ann dang di nghl. Gd ta da di ¥) (= Bay gid cd ta-dang 3 6 hoae dang trén duang dén dd). Tom is back in England now. He has been to Italy. (= He was there but now he has come back). (Bay gid Tom da trd v6 Anh quéc. Anh ta da 8 Y). (= Anh ta da 8 dé nhung bay gid anh ta da 1rd vé). (Xem thém bai 119) Gi voi thi Present Perfect, xem them cac bai 14 - 19. ©6i véi thi Present Pertect va th! Simple Past, xem céc bai 20 - 21. UNIT 13: Exercises 13.1 You are writing a letter to 2 friend and giving news about people you both know. Use the words given to make sentences and put the verb into the correct form. Exemple: Phivfind anew job Phil has found a new job, Dear Chris, Lots of things have happened since | last wrote to you. Charlesiga/Br Charis .. Jack and Jilv/decide/to get married Suzanne/have/a baby Monica/give up/smoking George/passihis driving-test...... anon 13.2 In this exercise you have to read the sifuation and then write a suitable sentence, Use the verb given. Example: Tom is looking for his key. He can't find it. (lose) He has lost his key, 1 Ann's hair was dirty. Now it is clean. (wash) She .. 2 Tom was 80 kilograms. Now he weighs 70. (lose weight) .. ANH LE TOEICwww.thuvien247.net 3 The car has just stopped because there isn't any ‘more Petrol in the tank. (run out of pottol) . ” 4 Yesterday Bill was playing football. Now he can't walk and his leg is in plaster. (break) 13.3 This time you have to use just. Answer the questions using the words given. Example: Would you like something to eat. (no, thank you/ljusvhave/dinner) ‘Na thank you. I've just had dinner, 1 Have you seen John anywhere? (yes/\/ust/see/him) Yes 2 Has Ann phoned yet? (yes/she/justiphone) 3 Woutd you lit cigarette? (no, thanks/l/just/put/one out) 13.4 In this exercise you have to write sentences with already. Example: Don't forget to post that letter. 1 Don't forget to phone. Tom. 2 Why don't you read the paper? 3 Shall | pay the waiter? 13.5 This time you have to put in been or gone. Example: "Where's Ann?* *She's on holiday. She has gone to Italy’ 1 Hello! Ive just .. to the shops. Look! I've bought lots of things. 2 Jim isn't here at the moment. He's... ~ to the shops, 3. “Are you going to the bank?" "No, I've already to the bank’. KEY 13.14 Charles has gone to Brazil. 13.4 1 Ive already phoned him. 2 Jack and Jill have decided to 2 Ive already read it. get married 3 No, I've already paid (him). 3 Suzanne has had a baby. 4 Monica has given up smoking. 5 George has passed his driving-test. 13.2 1 She has washed her hair. 13.5 1 been 2 He has lost weight. "2 gone 3 It has run out of petrol. 3 been 4 He has broken his leg. 13.31 Yes, Ive just seen him. 2 Yes, she has just phoned. 3 No, thanks. I've just put one out. ANH LE TOEICwww.thuvien247.net ‘BAI 14: PRESENT PERFECT (thi Hién tai hoan thanh) (2) a) Hay xem mau ddi thoai sau: Dave: Have you travelled a lot, Nora? (Ban di du lich ¢6 nhiéu khong, Nora?) Nora: Yes, I've been to 47 different countries. (C6, 16i da dén 47 quéc gia khac nhau) Ms Dave: Really? Have you ever been to China? TEA SBT (That &? Ban da tong dén Trung Quéc chua?) a Nora: Yes, I've visited China twice. (C6, 16 da én Trung Quéc hai én). i Dave: What about India? — en (Thé con An Bé thi sao?) Nora: No, I've never been to India. (Chua, 161 chua ting dén An 96). - Khi ching ta néi vé mot khodng théi gian con tiép tye Kéo dai dén hién tai, ching ta ding thi Present Perfect (Hién tai hoan thanh). Nora va Dave dang néi chuyén vé nhing ngi ma Nora da dén thm trong cudc adi cd ta (46 la khoding théi gian tip tue kéo dai dén hign tai). Sau day la mot s6 thi dy khae: + "Have you read Hamlet?" "No, | haven't read any of Shakespeare's plays". ("Ban dé doc Hamlet chua?" “Chua, 16i chua doc v8 kich ndo cia Shakespearé ca"). - How many times have you been to the United States? (Ban da dén My bao nhiéu ldn r6i?) Susan really loves that film. She's seen it eight times. (Susan thyc sy thich b6 phim 46. C6 ta da xem né tam (dn ri). - ‘Sam has lived in Belfast all his life. (or Sam has always lived in Belfast). (Sam da s6ng @ Belfast sudt cudc déi cia anh dy). (= Sam lun luén séng & Belfast), Ching ta thudng ding ever va never vdi thi Present Perfect Have you ever eaten caviar. (Ban a8 tiing an triing cé mudi chua?) - We have never hada car. (Chiing 161 cha bao gid cd mét chide xe hai) Chang ta thuding ding thi Present Perfect sau cdp dQ so sdnh bac nhat (superlative) (xem bai 104d). What a boring film! It's the most boring film I've ever seen. (86 phim d8 qua! Dé 1a b6 phim dB nhat ma 16i da ting xem). b) Ban phai ding thi Present Perfect vdi This is the first time ... I's the first time ... v.v... Hay xem tinh hudng mdu sau: - Ron is driving a car. He is very nervous and unsure because it's his first behind the wheel of a car. You can say: ANH LE TOEICwww.thuvien247.net (Ron dang lai xe hoi. Anh ta rét ling ting va thi8u ty tin, v) day 1a In du tién anh ta ng6i sau tay Ii xe hai. Ban od thé ndi:) This is the first time he has driven a car. (nol drives) (or He has never driven a car betore) "i {Déy (a lén ddu tién anh ta Idi mot chi8e xe hol) (hode: Trudc day anh ta chua ting tdi x@ hoi bao gid). ‘Sau day la mOt val thi dy khac: - Tom has lost his passport again. it's the second time he has lost it. (Tom Iai dinh m&t h6 chi. Day la Id thit hai anh ta dénh mat nd). |s this the first time you've been in hospital? (C6 phal day 1 Idn dau tian ban nam bénh vign khdng?). ¢) Ding thi Present Perfect 48 néi ring ban chua bao gid lam mot vide gi d6, hoac ban chua lam mét vige gi trong mot khoding thai gian kéo dai én higa tai Uhave never smoked. * (70i chuta baa gid hat thubc). - haven't smoked for three years. (not*\ don't smoke for ..") (T6i da khéng hot thud trong ba nam nay). | haven't smoked since September. (not *! don't smoke since ...") (Ti d& khéng hist thudc ty thing Chin 10i nay). Jill hasn't written to me for nearly @ month. (Gdn m6t thang nay Jill chua vi8t thy cho 16i). - Jill has never driven a car. (Jill chua bao gid 1Ai mét chiéc xe hoi). Dé bi6t duge sy khdc nhau gids tor va since, hay xem bai 19b. UNIT 14: Exercises 14.1 You are asking someone about things ha has done in his lite. Use the words in brackets to make your questions. Example: (you ever / be / to Italy?) Have you ever baen to jialy? (you ever / ba /10 South America?) (you? read J any English books?) (you / live / in this town all your lite) {how many times / you / be / in love?) .. (what's the most beautiful country you / ever / visit?) (you ever / speak / to a tamous person? onsen 14.2 Complete the answers to these questions. Use the verb in brackets. Example: \s it a beautiful painting? (see) Yes, it's the most beautiful painting Ive aver sean. 1 Is ita good film? (see) Yas, it's the best 2 2. Isit along book? (read) Yes, it's the 4 Is she an interesting person? (meet) Yes, she's the most ANH LE TOEIC 47www.thuvien247.net 14.3 Now you have to write questions and answers as shown in the exampl Example: Jack is driving a car but he’s very nervous and not sure what to do. You ask: 1s this the first tima you've driven a car? Jack: ‘Yes. I've never driven a car betore, 1 Len is playing tennis. He's not very good and doesn't know the rules. You ask: Is this the first time .. Len: Yes, Ive 2 Sues riding a horse. She doesn't look very confident or comfortable. You ask: ii 3 Maria is in England, You ask: Ma 14.4 Answer these questions using the words in brackets. Example: When did you last smoke? (for two years) haven't smoked for two years. 1 When did it last rain? (for ages) It... for ages. 2 When did they last visit you? (since June) They .. 3° When did you last play tennis? (for a long time) 4 When did you last eat caviar? (Never) jn. 5 When did you last drive? (for six months) 6 When did you last go to Spain? (never) 7 When did she last write to you? (since last summer) KEY ~ 14.1 1 Have you ever been to South America? _ 14.4 1 Ithasn’t rained for ages. 2 Have you read any English books? 2 They havent visited me 3. Have you lived in this town all your life? since June. 4 How many times have you been in love? 3. havent played tennis for 5 What's the most beautiful country * along time. you have ever visited? 4 I've never eaten caviar, 6 Have you ever spoken to a famous 5 Ihavent driven for six person? months. 14.21 Yes, it's the best film I've ever seen. 6 ve never been to Spain. 2 Yes, it's the longest book I've evar read. (For *been to” and "gone 3 Yes, she's the most interesting person to” see Unit 13d.). Ive ever met. 7 She hasn't written to me 14.3 1 Is this the first time you've played tennis? since last summer. ‘Yes, (Ve never played tennis before. 2 Is this the first time you've ridden a horse? Yes, I've never ridden a horse before. 3 Is this the first time you've been to England? (or ... in England?) Yes, Ive never been to England before. (or ... in England).www.thuvien247.net BAI 15: PRESENT PERFECT (thi Hién tai hoan thanh a) Hay xem vidy ue Tom: Have you heard trom George? (Ban cé nghe tin g} vé George chia?) ‘Ann: No, he hasn't written to me recently. (Chua, 94n day anh dy kiéng viét thy cho 16i) Ching ta dung thi Present Perfect (Hién tai hoan thanh) khi ching ta ndi vé mot khong thai gian kéo dai dn hién tai. Tom va Ann pest ——————_prasant dang néi chuyén vé mot khoang thé gian ti We ech day khéng [Au cho dn bay gid. Vi vay ho néi “have you heard” va “he hasn't written”. ” Duéi day la mot sé thi dy khdc: Have you seen my dog? | can't find him anywhere. (Anh co thy con ché cia t6i d4u khong? T6i khong thy né dau cd) - Everything is going fine. We haven't had any problems ga far. (Moi vide du tién trién 15t dep. Cho dé gid ching 181 chua gap van aé khd khan nao cd). We've met a lot of interesting people in the last few days. (May ngay nay ching t6i 48 gap rét nhidu ngudi thi vi. Fred has been ill a ‘ot ia the past few years, hasn't he? (May nam qua Fred bénh di idm ph&i théng?) | haven't seen George recently. Have you? (G&n day t6i khéng g&p George. Anh co gép anh ta khéng?) i vdi nhing cu ¢6 diing for va since, xem bai 18. b) Chung ta thudng dung thi Present Perfect vdi yet (xem thém bai 107). Yet chi ring Agudi nd: dang mong dgi mot diéu gi dd xay ra. Ta chi dung yet trong cée cau Adi VA his dinh: Has it stopped raining yer? (not “did it stop") (Trai hét mua chia?) | haven't fold them about the accident yer. (not "| didn’t tell") (T6i chua k& cho ho nghe vé vy tai nan). c) Ching ta dung thi Present Perfect vdi this moming/this evening/today/his week/this termv.v... (khi nhiing khoaing thai gian nay cha chém dut vao thai diém néi. - ve smoked ten cigarettes today. (perhaps I'l smoke mare before today finishes) (Hom nay 16) d& hut mudi diéu thydc). (od 1é t6i sé hut nhiéu hon ide Khi ngay hém nay chém dit) ANH LE TOEIC «www.thuvien247.net Has Ann had a holiday this year? (Naim nay Ann dé a nghl chua?) \ haven'tseen Tom this moming. Have you? (Sding nay t6i chua gp Tom. Ban da gap anh ta chva?) + Ron hasn't studied very much this term. (Hoc ky nay Ron chdng hoc hanh 9g) nhidu ca). Bill is phoning his girl friend again. That's the third time he's phoned her this evening. (Bill i dang goi dign thoar cho cé ban gai cda hén. Bé 1a idn thi! ba hdn goi cho cd 4y 168i nay). d) Ching ta cng diing thi Present Perfect Continuous (! have been doing) khi ching ta indi vé mét khodng thei gian tiép tye k6o dai d&n ign tai: = [haven't been feeling very welll recently. (Gan day 16i khong duoc khde). 6i véi thi Present Pertect Continuous xem cac bai 16-18, &Bi vdi thi Present Perfect va thi Simple Past xem céc bai 20,21. UNIT 1 15.1 In this exercise you have to make questions with the words given. Example: (you / hear / trom George recently?) Have you heard from George recently? (you / read / a newspaper recently?) (you / sea / Tom in the past few days?) . (you / play / tennis recently?) ... (you /eat/ anything today?) ........-. (you / see / any good films recently?) (you / have / a holiday this year yet?) Exercises onsone 15.2 This time answer the questions in the way shown. Use yet. Example: Have you seen the new film at the local cinema? Uhavent seen it yet but I'm going to see it. 1 Have you eaten at the new Italian restaurant? 1 yet but I'm ... 2 Have you bought a car? ten. eee BOL sn 3. Has Gerry asked Diana to marty hin? He .... ANH LE TOEICwww.thuvien247.net 15.3 This time you have to complate the sentence. Use go tar. Examples: | saw Tom yesterday but Lhaven't saen him so far today. It rained @ lot last week but it hasn't rained much so far this week. We ate a (ot yesterday but w It snowed a lot fast winter but it. | played tennis a lot last year but this year. She worked hard last term but ... . this term. | watched television yesterday evening ssn this evening. My favourite football team won a lot of matches last season but they .. = - Many matches 50 far this Season. much so far today. . $0 far this winter. Onaons 15.4 In this exercise you have to read the situation and then finish a sentence. Example: Ronis phoning Jill again. He has already phoned her twice this evening it's the third time he has phoned her this evening. 1 You're late again. Youve already béén late once this week” It's the second this Week, 2 The car has broken down. It has already broken down twice this month. SM orcs « 3 Ann has just finished drinking a cup of tea, She has already had four cups this morning. Its the fifth... KEY 15.11 Have you read a newspaper recently? 15.4 1 I's the second time 2 Have you seen Tom in the past tow days? you've been late 3 Have you played tennis recently? this week. 4 Have you eaten anything today? 2 It’s the third time the 5 Have you seen any good films recently? car has broken 6 Have you had a holiday this year yet? down this month. 15.21 thaven’t eaten there yet but I'm going to eat there. _ 3. It's the fifth cup (of 2 haven't bought one yet but ('m going to buy one. tea) she has had (or 3 He hasn't asked her yet but he's going to ask her. drunk} this moming. 45.3 1 haven't eaten. 2 hasn't snowed (much) 3 | haven't played (tennis) (much) so far 4 she hasn't worked hard so far 5 but | haven't watched television so far 6 haven't won ANH LE TOEIC 51www.thuvien247.net BAI 16: PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS (thi Hién tai hoan thanh tiép dién) (I have been doing) a) Hay xem xéttinh hudng mdu sau: SO * sit raining? (Troi dang mua phai khong?) ahet No, it isn't but the ground is wet (Khéng, khéng phai nhung dat igi dm ust). Ithas. been raining. (Trdi vila. mdi mua xong) —_> Sau day la thi Present Perfect Continuous. V¥We /They You" = have (=e) 0. doing oa = he / she /it has (= he's.) Chiing ta diing thi Present Perfect Continuous (Hién tai hoan thanh tiép dién) khi chiing ta ndi vé mot hanh dong (mot hanh dong dién ra khé lau) da bat dau trong qua kh va ot day da cham dit ho&c vita mdi cham dilt. Duéi day la mot $6 thi dy: You're out of breath. Have you been runing? (Ban tréng nhut hét hoi day, ban vita mdi chay phdi khdng?) That man over there is bright red. | think he's been sunbathing. (Ngudi dan 6ng d dang kia da dé ran lén. T6i nghT rang 6ng ta vila mdi tém ndng xong) ~_ Why are your clothes so dirty? What have you been doing? (Sao quén do ban ban thé? Ban vita-mdi lam gi.thé?) I've been talking to Tom about your problem and he think .... (76i va méi néi chuyén véi Tom vé van dé oda ban va anh ta nghi-ring..) 6) Ching ta cing ding thi Present Perfect Continuous dé hdi hoac ndi rang mot viéc da xay ra trong théi gian bao lau. Trong truding hop nay hanh dong hoac tinh hung da bat ddu trong qua khu va hign vn dang dién ra hoe vila mdi cham ditt. Hay xem xét thidy sau: It is raining now. It began to rain two hours ago and it is still raining, (Lic nay tréi dang mua. Trdi da bdt du mua cach day hai gid va trdi van dang musa), It has been raining for two hours. (Trdi da mua duge hai tiéng rdi). Ching ta thuéing ding thi Present Perfect Continuous theo cach nay, dac biét fa vdi how long, for va since.www.thuvien24/7.net Sau aay 1a mot $6 thi dy kh4e: How long have you been leaming English? (Ban hoc ti&ng Anh cuugc bao lau r6i?). ~ They've been waiting here for over an hour. (Ho da chd 8 day hon mot gid ri). * I've been watching television since 2 o'clock. (16i da xem TV tu 2 gid). George hasn't been faeling very well recently. (Gn day George cdm thay khéng dude khde 1m). Have you been working hard to day? (Hém nay ben lam vigc mét nhoc lm phai khéng?) Ban cing cé thé dung thi Present Perfect Continuous (vdi how long, for va since) 46i vi nhing hanh déng Ip di lp lai trong mot khong thai gian nao dé. - She has been playing tennis since she was eight. (C6 dy 08 choi qudn vot tu luc 06 ay len 8 1u6i). ~ How long have you been smoking? - (Ban hit thuéc duge bao lau 151?) UNIT 16: Exercises 16.1 In this exercise you have to read the situation and then write a sentence with the present pertect continuous (| have been doing). Example: Tom is out of breath, (he/un) He has been running. 1 Ann ig very tired. (sheAwork/hard) ..... 2 Bob has a black eye and Bill has a cup lip. (Bob and Bill / fight) 3 George has just come back from the beach. He is very red. (he 4s Janet is hot and tired (she / play / tennis) 16.2 This time you have te ask @ question for each situation. Example: Your friend's hands are coverad in oi. (you / work / on the car?) Have you bean working on the car? 1 You seo a iltle boy. His eyes are red and watery. (you / cry? 2 You have just arrived to meet your friend who is waiting for you. {you / wait / long 3. Your inend comes in, His face and hands are very dirty. (what / you / do?) 16.3 Now you have to say haw long something has been happening. Example: {tia raining now. It began raining two hours ago. {thas been raining for two hours. ANH LE TOEIC eswww.thuvien24/7.net 1 Kevin is studying. He began studying three hours ago. he... for three hours. 2 I'mlearning Spanish. | started learning Spanish in December. Von since December. 3 Annis looking for a job. She began looking six months ago. .. for six months, 4 Mary is working in London. She started working there on 18 Januaty. since 18 January. 1S ago. .. for five years. 5 George smokes. He started smoking five y 16.4 In this exercise you have to ask questions with how long. Example: |t is raining. How long has it been raining? My foot is hurting Mike plays chess .. Jim sells washing machines Tom is living iit High Street How long .. How ... sons KEY 16.1 ‘She has been working hard Bob gind Bilt have been fighting. He has been tying in the sun ‘She has been playing tennis. Have you been crying? Have you been waiting long? What have you been doing? He has been studying for three hours. Ive been learning Spanish since December. ‘She has been looking f6r a job Tor six months ‘She has been working in London since 18 January. He has been smoking for five years. 16.2 16.3 16.4 How long has your foot been hurting? How long has Mike been playing chess? How long has Jim been selling washing machines? How long has Tom been tiving in High Street? ROH MRONMs OH BONS ANH LE TOEICwww.thuvien24/7.net BAI 17: PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS (/ have been doing) hay PRESENT PERFECT (/ have done)? a) Hay xem xét cdc finn hudng mau sau: as Ann's clothes are covered in paint. She has been painting the ceiling. (Quan ao cia Ann dinh ddy son. Cé ay da son trén nha). Has been painting 18 thi Present Perfect Continuous (Hién tai hoa thanh tiép din) Ching ta hay chi ¥ dén ‘hanh dong, viéc hanh dong dé c6 duge”hoan thanh hay chua, la khdng quan trong. G thi du trén, nanh dong_chua duge hoan thanh. iii ee The ceiling ‘was white. Now its blue, She has painted the ceiling. (Trude day trén nha mau trdng. Bay gid né mau xanh. C6" ay da son lai tran nha). Has ‘painted la thi Present Perfect (Hign tai hoan thanh). 6 day, diéu quan trong la hanh dong d& duge hoan. thanh. Chang ta quay tam d8n két_qua cia hanh dong, chi khong phai ban than hanh dong do. ‘Sau day 1a mt vai c&p vi dy khdc. - Tom's hands are very dirty, He has been repairing the car. (Hai ban tay cla Tom rat ban. Anh ta da sila xe hei). + You've been smoking too much recently. You should smoke less. (Gn day anh hit thudc nhiéu qua. Anh nén hit t di). The. car is going again.now. Tom has repaired. (Bay gid xe hol Iai chay duac r6i Tom da sia nd). Somebody has’ smoked all cigarettes. The packet is empty (Ai dé da hot hét thude 1a cba ti Géi thuée tréing réng r6i): my pL Ching ta ding thé tiép dién (continuous) dé ndi mOt vide nao d6.da dién ta trong bao lau (+ how long) ‘Ann has been writing letters all day. (Ann da viét thy cd ngay). Ching ta ding thé don (simple) 48 ndi 86 lugng ho§e 86 ldn'ma ching ta d& thy ign dugc (+ how much; how many): ‘Ann has written ten letters today. (Hom nay Ann dé vit duge mudi ld i) ANH LE TOEIC 55www.thuvien24/.net - How fong have you been reading - How many pages of that book have that book? you read? (Anh a dgc quyén sach 06 bao léu (Anh d&é doc dugc bao nhiéu wang 181?) trong quyén s&ch 06 rdi) - Jim has been playing tennis since 2 + Jim has played tennis three times o'clock. this week. (Jim d& choi quén vot WW lie 2 gid (Tudn nay Jim da choi quén vot ba én gic In). Hay xem bai 18 dé biét thém vé thi Present Perfect va how long? cc) MOt sé dong tl khdng duge ding 8 thé tiép didn. Thi du nhu: know. Ban phai ndi have known. (Chis khong ndi: have been knowing). Xem bang ligt ke cdc dong tit nay 4 bai 3b. UNIT 17: Exercises 17.1 In this exercise you have to read the situation and then write two sentences, one with the present perfect simple (i have done) and one with the present pertect continuous (\ have been doing). ° Example: Tom is reading a book. He started two hours ago and he is on page 53. (he/read/tor two hours) He has been reading for two hours. (he/read/S3 pages so far) He has read 59 pages so far. 1 Linda is from Australia. Now she is travelling round Europe. She began her tour three months ago. (she/traveVaround Europe for three months) .. (sheWvisit/six countries so far) ... 2 Jimmy is a tennis champion. He began playing tennis when he was 11 years old. Now he has just won the national championship for the fourth time. (he/play/tennis since he was 11) ... (he/win/the national championship four times) 3. Bill and Andy make films. They started making films together when they Jett college. {they/makeffilms since they lett cofege) (they/make/ten films since they left college) 17.2 This time you have to imaging that you ara talking to a friend. Read the situation and ‘8sk a question beginning in the way shown. Example; Your friend Is learning Arabic. How long have you heen laaming Arabic? 1 Your friend is waiting for you. How long 6... 2 Your friend writes books. How many books 3. Your friend writes books. How long ANH LE TOEIC4 www.thuvien247.net. Your friend plays football for his country. How many times. 47.3 In this exercise you have to put the verb info the correct form, present perfect simple (1 have done) or continuous (I have been doing). Examples: | have lost (lost) my key. Can you help me look for it? You look tired. Have you baen working (you/work) hard? Look! Somebody .. ' (break) that window. (read) the book you gave me but | {notfinish) it yet “Sorry I'm late*. "That's all right. | _ on. (NOUWait) long’, Hellot . (clean) the windows. So fart secwneee (Clean) five of them and there are twa more to do. There's a strange smell in here. (you/cook) something? My brother is an actos. He . (appear) in severat flims. 17.1 1 She has been travelling around Europe for three months. She has visited six countries so far. He has been playing tennis since he was 11. (‘has played" is also possible - see Unit 18.) He has won the national championship four times. They have been making films since they left’college. They have made ten films since they left college. 17.2 1 How long have you been waiting (lor me)? 2 3 4 How many books have you written? How long have you been writing books? How many times have you played (football) for your country? 17.3 has broken annxon have been reading ... haven't finished haven't been waiting have been cleaning ... have cleaned Have you been cooking has appeared ANH LE TOEIC oFwww.thuvien247.net BAI 18 : PRESENT PERFECT va PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS véi how Jong, for va since a) Hay xem xét tinh huéng mau sau: Bob va’ Alice 1a vg chéng. Ho da cudi nhau cach ay diing 20. nam. Vi thé hom nay ta ky niém 20 nim ngay cudi cilia ho. They have’ been married for 20 years. (Ho @@ cudi nhau duge 20 nam ri). Ching ta ding thi Present Perfect (Hign tai hoan thanh) dé dién dat mot sy viée da t6n tai xay ra duge bao lau: Ps ~ How long have they been married? They are married | (Ho da cudi nhau dugc bao lau ri?) Ho lavg chéng "| - They have been married for 20 years. (Ho da cudi nhau augc 20 n&m'réi). b) Ching ta eiing ding thi Present Perfect Continuous (Hin tai hoan thanh tiép din) (I have been doing) dé ndi mot viéc nao dé da xay ra duge bao lau. Cha ¥ rang hanh dOng 46 hign thdi van dang dién.ra: - I've been learning English for a long time. (T6i da hoc tiéng Anh lau réi). Sorry I'm late. Have you been waiting long? (Xin I6i vi 18i d8n tr8. Anh Agi cé lau khng?) It's been raining since | got up this morning. (Trdi d& mua tit lie t6i thile dy sang nay). Béi khi hanh dong d6 1a mot hanh dong lap di lap lai (xem thém bai 16D): Tom has been driving for ten years. (Tom dé lai xe duge mudi nam ri) - How long have you been smoking? (Anh da hut thudéc duge bao lau réi?) Thi continuous (| have been doing) hay thi simple (I have done) c6 thé dude ding cho cc hanh dong lap di lap lai trong mot khoding thdi gian = I've been collecting | I've collected stamps since | wi (T6i da su tép tem ty khi 16i con be) ¢) Ching ta diing thi simple (I have done) cho cdc tinh huGng t6n tai trong mdt thdi gian dai (nhat la khi chang ta ding always). Chu ¥ rang tinh hudng do hién thdi van dang t6n tai: - My father has always worked hard. (not "has always been working") (Cha 16i luén lam viéc siéng nang). (khéng ding “has always been working’). child. ANH LE TOEICwww.thuvien24/.net Ching ta ding thi Continuous cho cac tinh huéng tén tai trong khodng thdi gian ngén hon. John has been living in London since January. (John da sng 3 Lu&n O6n ti thang Giéng). John has always lived in London. (John ludn luén s6ng & Luan Bn). 8) MOt s6 dong tw (thi dy nhu be, have, know) thudng khdng duge ding 6 hinh thuc continuous (xem bai 3b 46 biét danh sdch va bai 24 dé biét them vé have): - How long have Bab and Alice been married? (Bob va Alice lay nhau duge bao iu r&i?) Ton has had a cold for the past week. (not "has been having") (Suét tun r6i Tom da bi cm lanh). Tom and,) have known each other since we were at school. (Tom va t6i da biét nhau ty hic ching 16i edn di hoc) e) Bung dung thi Simple Present (/ do) ho&c thi Present Continuous (! am doing) dé ndi rang mat vide nao d6 48 xay ra dugc bao lau 16i: I've been waiting here tor an hour. (not “I am waiting") (T6i da che day mét tiéng r6i). (khong dung *! am waiting") How tong have you known Tom? (not “do you known") (Anh 08 biét Tom duge bao lau r6i?) (khong disng “do you known") UNIT 18: Exercises 18.1 Are these sententes right or wrong? Correct the ones which are wrong. Examples: How long have Bob and Alice been married? RIGHT I know Bob for five years. WRONG - have known Sue and Alan are married since July. Itis reining ali day. How long has George been unemployed? Have you elways been living in this house? How long has Ken a beard? How long do you know Ann? She has been ill for quite a long time. Nownons 18.2 This time you have to write questions with how long? Examples: Jim is learning Chinese. Haw long has ba bean leating Chinese? I know Bob. How long have you known Bob? My sister is married. How long - Boris is on holiday. How long ... I live in Glasgow .. Itis snowing Jack smokes anova ANH LE TOEIC Bewww.thuvien24/7.net | know about her problem .. Jack and Jill are looking for a flat Diana teaches English in Germany ‘ Dennis is in love with Margarat . 0 Colin has a car .. zoava 18.3 In this exercise you have to read a sentence and then write another sentence with since or for. Example: | know Bob. (for five years) Lhave known Bob for five years. Jack lives in Bolton. (since he was born) Jack . Bill is unemployed. (since April) Bill... Ann has a bad cold. (for the last few days) .. I want to go to the moon. (since | was a child) My brother is studying languages at university (for two years) .. Tim and Jane are working in Shettied. (since February) .... My cousin is in the army. (since he was 17) They are waiting for us. (for half an hour) KEY 18.1 1 wrong - have been martied eVonsen 2 wrong - has been raining 3 right 4 wrong - have you atways lived 5 wrong - has Ken had 6 wrong - have you known 7 right 18.2 1 How long has your sister been 10. How long has Colin had a car? married? 18.31 Jack has lived in Bolton since he 2 How long has Boris been on was bor. holiday? 2 Bill has been unemployed since 3 How tong have you lived in Glasgow April 1...nave you been living in 3 Ann has had a bad cold for the last Glasgow? few days. 4 How long has it been snowing? 4 | have wanted to go to the moon 5 How long has Jack smoked? / .. since | was a child. has Jack been smoking? 5 My brother has been studying 6 How long have you known about her languages at university for two years. 7 How ‘ong have Jack and Jil been 6 Tim and Jane have baen working in looking for a flat? Shaffied since February. 8 How long has Diana been teaching 7 My cousin has been in the army in Germany? / ... has Diana taught since he was 17. in Germany? : 8 They have deen waiting for us for 8 How long has Dennis been in tove hatf an hour. with Margaret? / How long have they been in fave? ANH LE TOEICwww.thuvien24/.net BAI 19: PRESENT PERFECT vdi how Jong, va SIMPLE PAST vai when, SINCE va FOR a) Ding thi Simple Past (/ did) 46 hdi hay néi khindo mot viéc gi G6 xay ra: A: When did it start raining? (Tri d& bat Chu mua Ww lic no?) B: It started raining at one o'clock/an hout ago. (Tr6i 08 bat du mua vao hic médt gid/edch day mét gid). = A: When did Tom and Ann first meet? {Tom va Ann gdp nhau dn ddu khi nao?) B: They first met when they wers 2° school/a long time ago. (Ho gap nhau Idn du tién khi con df hcicdch day tau £6i) ‘Diing thi Present Perfect Continuous (/ have done/I have been ding) a8 hdi hay adi Ot vide gl 66 da didn ra dude hao Iau (tinh a8n thai diém-hign tai). + A: How long has it been raining? (Trai 8& mua dugc bao Iu r6i?) B: It has been raining since one o'clock/or an hour. (Trdi 88 mua ti kbc dt gid/duge mét gid réi). ‘A: How long have Tom and Ann known each other? (Tom va Ann a3 quen nhau duge bao léu 162) - _B: They've known each other since they were at school/for a long time. (Ho 08 quen nhau ti lic c8n di hocslau tm 161) b) Since va for: Chiing ta ding ca since tin for 46 ndi mot vigc gl dé da xay ra duge bao lau: + ve been waiting for you since 8 o'clock. (76i da chd ban ti B gid dén gid) - Ie been waiting for you for two hours. (T6i 68 chd ban hai tiéng d6ng hé réi) Ching ta dung since khi ndi dén thai diém bat dau cla mét khodng thai gian (8 gid). Chung ta ding for khi ndi dé mot khodng thdi pian (2 gid). ore + i ——_ for hai tiéfrg —————— _ 10916 {khodng thoi gian) (bay gia) Bid (thoi gian bat d4u m9t khoang thdi gian) since (tu...) for (trong ...} 8 o'clock 1977 two hours, a week Monday Christmas ten minutes five years 12 May lunch time three days along time Aowit we arrived six months ages ANH LE TOEIC 61www.thuvien24/.net She's been working here since April. (= from April untit now) Cé dy lam vibe 8 day tu thang Tu. (= tw thang Tu dén nay) She's been working here for six months, (not "since six months") C6 Ay lam viée & day dugc séu thang r6i. Ihaven't seen Tom since Monday. (= {rom Monday until now) Téi khéng gap Tom W thi Hai (~ ti thi? Hai d&n gid) I haven't seen Tom for thrae days. (not "since three days") T6i khéng g&p Tom ba ngay ri. Chiing ta khéng dung for trong cAe cdch dién dat véi all (all day/all moming/all week/al! my life, v.v. = (Ve lived here ail my fife. (not “for all my lite") (T6i da séng 8 déy suét doi t6i) c) Hay Ivy y d6n cu tric How long ie it since ...? (Ba bao [Au 161 ké tU khi ...7 A: How long is it since you had a holiday? - (Tit ide anh di nghi dén nay da bao l4u 161?) B: I's two years since | had a holiday. (= | haven't had a holiday for two years) (08 hai nam di kB te khi 16i di nghl) (= T6i da khéng di nghl hai nam nay rbi) It's ages since Tom visited us (= He hasn't visited us for ages) (08 ldu thm 16i k6 tit khi Tom An thdm ching ta) (= Da lau idm 18i anh By khdng dén thm chung ta) UNIT 19: Exercises 19.1 In this exercise you have to write questions with how long and when. Example: {tis training. (How long/ivrain?) Haw long has it been raining? (whenvivstarvraining?) When did it start caining? 1 Annis learning italian. {how long/she/learnitalian?) (when / she / learn / Italian?) 2 Iknow Tom. (how long/yourknow/Tom?) ..... (whervyouslirs¥meevTom?) ... 3 Bob and Alice are married. (how long/they/be/married?) {whenthey/get/married?) 19.2 In this exercise you have to put in since or tor. Example: Tom and | have known each ather for six months. 1. its beer raining - | got up this morning, 2 Tom's father has been a policeman =~ 20 years. 3 Have you bean learning English ... .- along time? ANH LE TOEICwww.thuvien24/.net 4: wes an Christmas, the weather has been quite mild. 5 Ann has been on holiday .. three days. 6 That's avery old car. Ive had it 19.3 This time you have to make a new sentence beginning in the way shown. Example: 4 now Tom. | first met him six months ago. | have know him for six months. It's been raining since 2 o'clock. It staned raining al tow o'clack, Tom's ill. He became ili three days ago. He has We have been married for five years. We got Jim has beard. He grew it ten years ago. He has He has been in France for three weeks. He went .. He has had his new car since Fobruary. He bought aaorwe 19.4 in this exercise you have fo imagine thal two people are talking, You have to make sentences with since Example: A: Do you often go on holiday? (novive years) = B: No. it's five years since | went on holiday, 4A: Do you often eat in restaurants? (no/six months) B: No, it B: No, 3. A; Do you often play cards? (nova long time) B. KEY 19.1 1 How long has she been learning Italian? When did she begin learning Italian? 2 How fong have you know Tom? When did you first meet Tom? 3° How long have they been married? ‘When did they get married? since 2for 3for 4Since Stor 6 tor He has been ill for threa days. We got married five years ago. He has had a beard for ten years. He went to France three weeks ago. He bought his new car in February. No, it's six months since } ate in a restaurant. No, it's years since it snowed here. No, ifs a fong time since | played cards. 19.2 19.3 19.4 wre neers s ANH LE TOEIC 63www.thuvien247.net BAI 20: PRESENT PERFECT (I have done) hay SIMPLE PAST (i did) (1) : a) Hay xem xét tinh huding mau sau: Bay 1a Tom. Anh ta dang tim chiéc chia khda. Anh ta khong tim thay nd. He has lost his key (Present Perfect) (Anti ta da lam mét chia khda) Biéu nay cé nghia la hién thdi anh ta chua tim thay chiée chia kha. Nam phot sau: ‘Now Tom fas found.his key. (Bay gid Tom da tim ra chia khda) Biéu nay 06 nghia la gid day anh ta dang cé chia khéa dé sir dung. Has he lost his key? (present perfect) (Anh ta da danh mat chia kha 16i 4?) {thi Higa tai hoan thanh).. No, he hasn't. He has found it (Khong, khéng od, Anh ta da tim thay nd) id Did he lose his key? (past simple) (Aah ta 06 danh mat chia khéa khong?) (thi Qua khit don) Yes, he did. (C6, anh ta co danh mat chia khéa) He (ost (past simple) his key but now he has found (present pertect) it. (Anh ta da danh matt (thi Qué kh don) chia khda nhung bay gid anh ta da tim thay (thi Hign tai hoan thanh) n6. ‘Thi Present Perfect (has lost) ludn ludn cho chting ta biét diéu gi dé 6 quan hé t6i hign tai. ‘He has lost his key* cho chiing ta biét rang hién théi anh ta chua tim thay né (xem bai 13). Thi Simple Past (lost) chi cho chiing ta biét Vé qué khii ma thdi. Néu ching ta'n6i "He lost his key’, chiing ta khong biét duge hién gid anh ta da tim thay hay chua. ‘Ching ta chi biét dude rang anh ta da danh mat chia khda Vao mt thdi diém nao dé trong qua khu. Sau day la mot vai thi dy khéc: He grew a beard but now he has shaved it off (= He hasn't got a beard now) (Anh ta da dé mét b6 réu quai nén nhung bay gid anh ta da.cao di r6i) (= bay gid anh ta khéng o€ réu). ANH LE TOEICwww.thuvien24/.net - Prices fell but now they have risen again. (= They are high now) (Gid cd da he xuéng nhung bay gid ching da tng td Iai) (= hign gid gid cB rit cao). b) Disng ding th! Present Perfect (/ have done) abi véi nhing siy vide hay hanh éong krona lien hg dén hign tal (thi dy nhu c&c Dién c6 fich sit): The Chinese invented printing (not ‘have Invented") (Nguél Trung Quée da phat minh ra viée in &n). - Shakespeare wrote Hamlet. (not *has written‘) (Shakespeare da viét v8 kich Hamlet) How many symphonies did Beethoven compose? (not *has ... composed") (Beethoven 44 soan bao nhiéu ban giao tung?) Ching ta diing thi Present Perfect hién tai hodn thanh (I have done) 48 dua ra thong tin méi hoc loan béo mot vige vile méi xay ra (xem bai 13). Nhung néu ching ta tiép tc ndi vé di6u dé, ching ta thudng ding thi SImple Past () did). A: Ow! {ve bumt myselti (61 76i bi pang r&it) - B: How did you do that? (not "have you done”) (Tai sao vay?) - A: [touched a hot dish. (not *have touched") (T6i sd v4o mét cai dia néng) = A: Look! Somebody has spilt milk on the carpet. (Nhin Kia! Ai 66 48 dénh d8 sta Ién tém thm) +B: Well, it wasn'tme. | didn’t doit (not “hasn't been ... haven't done") (6! khéng phai 18i dau. TOi khdng lam vide 66). - A: Lwonder who it was then. (not ‘who is has been") (Thé thi khdng biét ai da lam didu 46) é bidt thém vé thi Present Perfect va thi Simple Past, xem bai 21. e] UNIT 20: Exercises 20.1 in this exercise you have to read the situation and then write a sentence. Use the verbs given in brackets. Read the example carefully first. Example: Ten minutes ago Tom lost his key. Now he has it in his hand. (lose/tind) Tom Jost his key but now he has found it, 1 lost a lot of weight but now I am toa heavy again. (lose weight / put on weight) |... but now | 2 She went to Australia but now she ls back in Britain again. (go / come back) She --. - but now .... 3 Last year Kevin bought a car. Now it belongs to someone else. (buy / sell 4. The police arrested the man but now he is at home again. (arrest / release) ... Bill cut his hi (cut / grow) ... Now itis long again. 65 ANH LE TOEICwww.thuvien24/.net. 6 The prisoner escaped from the prison. Now he is back in prison. « (escape / be caught) 20.2 Are the underlined parts of these sentences right or wrong? Correct the ones which are wrong. Examples: Have you heard? Suzanne has got married! RIGHT The Chinese have invantad printing, WAONG- invented Who has written the play Hamlet? Aristotte has hen a Greek philosopher. ‘Ow! Ive cut my finger. Its bleeding. Look at George! He bad a haircut. My grandparents gat married in London. Einstein was the physicist who has daveloped the theory of relativity aaron 20.3 In this exercise you have to put the verb into the correct form. Example: A: Look! Somebody has spilt (spill) milk-on the carpet. B: Well, it wasn't (notibe) me. | didn't do (not/do) it. ‘A: wonder who it was (be) then. 1 A: Your hair looks different. .. (youhhave) a haircut? B: Yes. A: youscut) it yourselt? B (cut) it for me 2k: .. (break) his teg. B: .. (thav/happen)? A (all) off a ladder. KEY 20.1 1 lost (a lot of) weight but now | have put on weight again. She went to Australia but now she has come back (fo Britain) (again). Kevin bought a car (last year) but now he has sold it (to someone else). The-police arrested the man but naw they have released him (again). / The man was arrested by the police but now he has been released (again). Bill cut his hair but now it has grown (again). The prisoner escaped from the prison but now he has been caught (again), AON oon 20.2 1 wrong-Who wrote ... 20.3 1 Have you had wrong-Aristotle was... Did you cut fight cut wrong-He has had... 2 has broken (*broke" is also possible right here) wrong- ... who developed .. fell OHronas ANH LE TOEICwww.thuvien24/.net BAI 21: PRESENT PERFECT (/ have done) hay SIMPLE PAST (/ did)? (2) a) Ding ding thi Present Pertect (Hign tai hoan thanh) (1 have done) khi ban dang ndi vé mOt th®i diém ho&c mot thei gian 48 kat thie trong qua Khu, (Thi dy: yesterday, two years ago, in 1979, when | was a child). Hay ding thi Simple Past (Qué khit don): Tom lost his key yesterday. (not *has lost") (H6m qua Tom déinh mét chia khda). Did you see the film on television ast nighf? {not *have you seen’). (Ban cd xem b6 phim trén T.V 161 hom qua khéng?) Mr Greaves retired from his job two years ago. (not "has retired") (Ong Greaves vé hu cach day 2 nam). 1 ate a lot of sweets when t was a child. (not "have-eaten") (76i &n r&t nhidu keo khi edn bé). dng thi Simple Past dé hdi mot vide NAO 66 da xdy ra khi nao. ‘What time did they arrive? (not “have they arrived") (Ho 08 dgn vo hic nao thé?) When were you born? (not *have you been born") (Anh sinh nm nao?) Hay $0 s4nh: - Tom has Jost his key (present perfect) (Tom d& dénh mt chla khéa) (thi Hign tai hodn thanh). 6 aay chung ta khong dang nghivé hanh dong qué khd, ching ta dang nghT v8 két qua cia hanh dong dé & hign tai: ign tai anh ta khong c6 chia khda, - Tom fost his key yesterday. (sImple past) (Tom dénh mét chia kida hém qua). (thi Qué Khu don) 6 aay ching ta dang nghT vé hanh dong qué khis. Ching ta khéng bit duge Tom 68 tim ra chia khda hay chua. b) Bay gid hay so s4nh cdc céu sau: Present Perfect (/ have done) ‘Simple Past (/ did) I've smoked 20 cigarettes today. | smoked 20 cigarattes yesterdiiy. (H6m nay tbi da hit 20 digu thud 14) (Hém qua 16i d4 hiit 20 di6u thude 1d) Hom nay i m@t khong thai glan kéo Hom qua Ia thot gian 08 két thc trong dai dn hign.tai. Khodng thd gian nay chua-} qué kh. Vi vay chdng ta ding thi simple k6t thiic. Vi vay ching ta ding thi present | past. perfect. Hign tal Higa tai Qua kd today thé Qué khi chya két thie | 67 ANH LE TOEICwww.thuvien24/.net = __,Tom hasn't been ill this year. (Nam nay Tom chua hé bj bénh). Have you seen Ann this moming? (itis still morning) (Sang nay ben cb gap Ann khéng?) (Hign gid vin con td busi séng) + Have you seen Ann recently? (Gén day ban od gp Ann khdng?) = We've been waiting for an hour. (We are stil! waiting). (Ching 161 da chd mét tiéng adng nd 16). (Ching toi vin dang cho). - Lan has lived in London for six years. (He sti lives there). (Lan 64 séng 8 Luan Bn 6 nam nay). (Anh ta viin con s6ing & 44). | have never played gott (in my tite). (Ti chu hé chai gén (trong 20i). Thi present perfect [udn ludn cé mot sy lign h@ voi hign tai. Xem céc bai 13-20. > Tom wasniill last year. (Nain ngoai Tom khéng bj bénh). + Didyou see Ann this morning? {it is now afternoon). ‘Sang nay ban cd gap Ann khong? (Hign gid la budi chiéu). - Did you see Ann tast week? (Tudn tide ben cS gap Ann khéng?) . We waited (or were-waiting) tor an hour. (We are no longer waiting). (Ching 161 @& chd trong mét tiéng dng hd). (Ching tl khong con cha nda), + lan fivedin Scottand for tan years. (He ng longer fives there). (lan dé 86ng & Scotland mui nm). (Anh ta kndng can sing 2 46 nize). + 1 didnt play golf when | was on holiday last summer. (Nam ngodi 181 khng chal gon khi t6i di nghI ha). Thi simple past ch? cho chiing ta biét vé qué khd, Xem céc bal 11,12 va 20. UNIT 21: Exercises UNIT 21: Exercises 21.1 In this exercise you have to put the verb into the correct form, present perfect (\ have done) or simpie past (I did). Examples: | have last (lose) my key. ! can't find it anywnere. = Did you see (you/see) the fim on television last night? 1 Jill 2° His hair is very shor. He 3 Last night (have) @ bath and then | (buy) a new car two weeks ago. (have) a haircut. (arrive) home at half pest twelve. | (g0) to bed 4 (youNvisit) many museums when you were in Paris? 5 My bicycle isn't here any more. SOMEbOAY «2mm —Wnuewe--- (LAKE) it, 8 When .. (youlgive) up smoking? 7 1 (noveat) anything yesterday because | ........... (noteel) hungry. @ Why (Jimv/notwant) to piay tennis last Friday?www.thuvien24/.net 9 The car looks very clean 10 Brian: Hello, Susan. Is Alan here? ‘Susan: No, I'm afraid he Brian: Oh, what a pity! When exactly Susan: About ten minutes ago. 21.2 This time you have to make sentences using the words given. Examples: (\/ smoke / 20 cigarattes yesterday) | smoked 20 cigarettes yesterday, (how many cigarettes / you / smoke / today?) (1/be /ill twice so fac this year) b. (how many times / be / you / it last year?) How many times (\/not / drink / any coffee so far today! . (he / be / late three times this week) anrons (how many games / the team / win / last season?) (how many games / the team / win / so far this season?) 21.3 Put the verb into the correct form, present perfect (1 have done) or simple past (I did). Example: | didn't play (naviplay) golf when | was on holiday last summer. 1) Mr. Clark... {work) in a bank for 15 years. Then he gave it up. 2 Molly lives in Dublin. She (live) there all her lite, 3 Bob and Allce ara married. They .. (bs) married for 20 years. 4, When we ware on holiday, the weather (be) awtul. 5 The weather wae on- (be) very nice recently, don't you think? 6 My grandfather died 30 years ago. 1 never/meet) him. 7 \don't know Caro's husband. | . (neverfmeat) him, KEY 21.1 1 bought 2 How many \imes were you ill last 2 has had year? 3. artived ... had ... went 3 {haven't drunk any coftee so far today. 4 Did you visit 4: He has been late three times this week. 5 hes taken: 5 How many games did the team win last season? 6 did you give y dicen awital 5 How many games did the team win last 8 didn't Jim want 6 How many games has the team won so 9 Have you washed far this season? 10: bias gone Twasni hungry. ('djust had lunch. (Toi khong o6i. Toi vite mdi an true (T0i 64 khong O61, TOi va mdi &n xong). tnta), The house is dirty. We havent| - The house was dirty. We hadn¥ cleaned it for wieeks. cleaned it for weeks. (Can nha hign gid r&t b&n. Da may (Cn nha da rfit bin, Ba méy tuén tun r6i ching 101 chua lau nd). 16i ching t61 khéng lau nd). c) Hay so sdnh thi past perfect (| had done) va thi simpie past (| did). - ‘Was Tom there when you arrived?" "No, he had already gone home* (‘Khi ban d&n Tom cé m@t 8 dé khéng?* *Khdng, anh ta dé vé nha rdi") Nhung “Was Tom there when you arrived? “Yes, but he went home son afterward” {("Khi ban d&n Tom ed mat 8 66 khéng?" "Cd, mhung anh ta da vé nha ngay sau 05") Ann wasn’t in when | phoned her. She was in London. (Ann khong cé 8 nha khi ti goi dién thogi cho 06 ay. Cd Ay dang 3 Ludn Bén). B6i véi thi Past Perfect Continuous, xem bai 23. Nhung: Ann had just got home when | phoned her. She had been in London. (Anh vita v6 d&n nha khi tdi goi dign cho 06 Sy. CO By 8 di Luan Dén). UNIT 22: Exercises 22.1 Complete these sentences using the verbs in brackets. You went back to your home town after many years and you found that many things were different, Example: Most of my friends were no longer there. They bad left (leave). 1 My best frlend, Kevin, was no longer there. He (go) away. 2 The local cinema was no longer open. It i 1) down. 3° Mr. Johnson was no longer alive. He .. . (die). 4 {didn't recognise Mrs. Johnson. She (change) a lot, 5 Bill no longer had his car. He ......... (sell) 22.2 Complete these sentences as in the example. Use the. verb in brackets. Example: Mr. and Mrs. Dayis were in an aeropiane. They were very nervous as the plane took off because they (fly) bad nevar flown before. 1 The woman was a complete stranger to me (see). |. .- batore 2 2 Margaret was late for work. Her boss was very surprised (beflate). She 3. Jane played tennis yesterday-at least she at it because she (play) . She wasn't very good ANH LE TOEIC” 714 23 www.thuvien24/.net ‘it was Keith's first driving lesson. He was very nervous and didn't know what to do (drive). He Now you have to make sentences using the words in brackets. Example: waso't hungry. (V/jus/have/unch) | had just had lunch. ons Tom wasn't at home when } arrived. (he/just/ga/oul) We arrived at the cinema late. (the filmValready/begin) They weren't eating when | went to see them. (they/justfinishitheir dinner) ited Ann to dinner last night but she couldn't come. (she/already/arrange/to do something el 5 | was very pleased to see Nora again after such a long me. totseoter for five 22.4 Examples: *Was Tom there when you arrived?’ “No, he had gane (go) home* year Pul the verb into the correct form, past perfect (I had done) or pasteimple (I did). Was Tom there when you arrived?’ “Yes, but he went (go) home soon aherwards’, 1 The house was very quiet when | got home, Everybody .»- (go) to bed, 2 | felt very tired whan | got home, 80 1. (g0) straight to bed. 3 Sorry I'm late, The car .. break) down on my way here. 4° There was a car by the side of the road. It break) down and the driver was trying to repair it. So we {stop) to see if we could help. KEY 22.1 1 had gone 222 22.3 224 1 2 had closed 3 had died 4° had chisnged 5 had sold 1 had never seén her betore, 2 She had never been late before. 3... she had never played (tennis) before, 4 He had never driven (a car) before. 1 He had just gone oiit. 2 The film hed already begun. 3. They had just finishad thelr dinner. 4 She had already arranged to do something else. , 5 {hadn't seen her for five years. 1 had gone 2 went 3 broke INH Lé Toric" ~ “PP?www.thuvien24/.net BAI 23: PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS (/ had been doing) 8) Hay xem xét tinh hung mu sau: Sang hém qua ti thie d@y va nhin ra ngoai cla $6. Mat trai dang chi8u sdng nhung mat d&t lal r&t &m udt It had been raining. (Trude 06 trdi da mua). Tedti khOng dang mua khi ti nhin ra ngoai cila 6 ; lc dé mat tréi dang chiéu séng, Nhung tl mua. 86 la ty do tal sao mat dat &m udt. Perfect Continuous (Qué khi hon thanh ti8p din). DUGi day 1A mOt val thi dy khae: When the boys came into the house, their clothes were dirty, their hair was untidy and one had a black eye. They had been fighting. (Khi bon tré budc vao nha, quén do cia ching do ban, téc tal bo xd va mat mot duza bj tm b&m. Ching a3 dénh nhau). | was very tired when I arrived home. {'d been working hard all day. (T6i (it mét khi vé d6n nha. Tol 04 lam vide vat va sudt cB ngay). ‘b) Ban cé thé ding th! past perfect continuous 66 ndi mot vide nao dé da dién ra trong bao tau trudc khi mot vige khde xdy ra: The football match had to be stopped. They had been playing tor half an hour when there was a terrible storm, (Tr4n béng dé d phai ngiing Igi. Ho a3 thi du duge nila ting kil con bao khing kniép ap O6n). Ken had been smoking tor 30 years when he finally gave it up. (Kon da hut thube duge 30 ndm vao ic anh ta bd thude). ©) Thi past perfect continuous (| had been doing) IA qua khi cia thi present perfect continuous (i have been doing). Hay so sénh: Hign tal Qué kur - How long have you been waiting?! - How long had you been waiting (until now) when the bus finally came? (Ban da cha bao Iau e6i?) (eho aén (Ban d& chd gi bao Iau cho aén khi le nay) xe buyt 86n?) + He's out of breath, He has been| = He was out of breath. Ha had been (Anh ta mt dit hoi. Anh ta da chay (Lic &y anh ta mét ditt hol, Anh ta suse). 8 chay su6t trudc 66). ANH LE TOEIC 73www.thuvien24/.net d) Hay so s4nh thi past perfect continuous (! had been doing) va thi past continuous (/ was doing): When | looked out of the window, it had been raining. (= It wasn't raining when | looked out ; it had stopped). (Khi 16) nhin ra ngoai cde s6 thi trdi d& mua trude 46 16i). (= Troi kh6ng dang mua hi (61 nhin ra ngodi cia $8. Trdi dé h&t muta), - When | looked out of the window, it was raining. (= Rain was falling at the time | looked out). (Khi 161 nhin ta ngoai cite sé thi trdi dang mua, (= Mua dang roi véo hic t8i nhin ra ngoai cita $6). 2) MOt s6 dong tW (vi dy nhu know) khong thé ding duge 4 thé tiép dibn, xem bai 3b dé bit bang ligt k8 nhing dong ty nay. 6i vai thi Past Perfect, hay xem bai 22. UNIT 23: Exercises 28.1 in this exercise you have to read a situation and then write a sentence. “Example: The two boys camte into the house. One had a black eye and the other had 2 cul fip. (they/fight) They had been fighting, ++ Tom was watching television. He was feeling very tired, (he / study / hard all day) He ..... 2 When | walked into the room, it was empty. But there was a smell of cigarettes. (somebody / smoke / in the room) Somebody .. 3 When Mary came back’ from the beach, she looked vary red from the sun. (she / lie Jin the sun too fong) 4 The two boys came into the house. They had a football and they were both very tired. (they / play / football) 5 Ann woke up in the middle of the night. She was frightened and she didn't know where she was. (she / dream 23.2 In this exercise you have to read @ situation and then write a sentence. Example: We began playing football. After half an hour there was a terrible storm. We had baen playing for half and hour when thare was a terrible storm, 1 The orchestra began playing at the concert. After about ten minutes a man in the audience suddenly began shouting .. The orchestra —.. for about tan minutes when .. 2 had arranged to meet Tom in a restaurant. | arrived and began waiting. After 20 minutes | realised that { had come to the wrong restaurant, . when | ...3 www.thuvien24/.net Mr. and Mrs. Jenkins went to live in the south of France. Six months later Mr. Jenkins died. They when .... 23.3 Put the verb into the correct form, past perfect continuous (| had been doing) or past continuous (I was doing). Examples: Tom was leaning against the wall, out of breath. He had heen running (run). | tried to catch Tom but | couldnt. He was cunning (fun) very fast. Jim was on his hands and knees on the floor, He ies (Ok) far his cigarette lighter. We .... ee (waik) along the road for about 20 minutes when @ car stopped and the driver offered us a lift. When I arrived, everyone was sitting round the table with their mouths full. They ). - When | arrived, everyone was sitting round he table and talking. Their mouths were ‘empty but their stomachs were full. They (eat). When | arrived, Ann . (walt) for me. She was rather annoyed with me because | was jate and she .. (wait) for a very long time, He had been studying hard all day. ‘Somebody had been smoking in the room. ‘She had been lying in the sun too long. They had been playing football. She had been dreaming. ‘The orchestra had been playing for about ten minutes when a man in the audlence suddenly began shouting i nad been waiting for 20 minutes when | realised that | had come to the wrong restaurant. : They had been living in the south of France for six months when Mr. Jenkins died. was looking had been walking wero eating had been eating was waiting ... had been waiting ANH LE TOEIC 75www.thuvien24/.net BAI 24: HAVE va HAVE GOT a) Have va have got: Ching ta thudng ding have got /has gothdn l& have / has khéng théi. V1 vay chiing ta 6 thé nisi: + We've got a new car, hofe = We have anew car. (Ching 181 od mét chiéc xe hoi mdi). - Toth's got (= Tom has got) aheadache. ho&e Tom has a headache. (Tom bi nhc ddu). Trong céc cau hdi (questions) va cau phil dinh (negative sentences) cé thé c6 ba hinh thc: - Have you got any money? > [haven't got any money. (Anh od tién khdng?) (T6i kh8ng c6 tin). Da you have any money? - | don't have any money. (Anh cd tién khdng?) (T6i khéng 66 tn). Have you any money? (less usual) - , Vhaven't any money. (Anh ed tién khdng?) (it thong dung (T6i khéng c6 t8n). hon) + She hasn't gota car. Has she gota car? (CO dy khéng oS xe hoi). (C6 &y 66 xe hoi khéng?} . - She doesnt have a car. - Does she have a car? (C6 Ay khdng cd xe hoi). (C6 Ay co xe hoi khéng?} + She hasnt car. + Has she a car? (less usual) (C6 Ay khéng cd xe hai). (C4 Sy e5 xe hoi khéng?) (It thong dyng hon) 6 qué kh, chitng ta thudng khdng dung got: - When she was a child, she had long fair hair. (not ‘she had gof). IKhi cb dy cn bé, 05 &y 06 mai toc dai vang hoe). Trong cdc cay hdi va cée cau phi dinh & thi qua khd, ching ta thudng ding did/didn't + Did you have a car when you lived in London? (not *hatiyou") ° (Khi ban sng 6 Luan Dén ben c6 xe hoi khong?) - [wanted to phone you, but | didn’t have your number, (not “I hadn'f). (76i mu6n g@i dign thopi cho ban, nhung t6i Khéng cd s6 dign thogi cila ban). He didn’ have a watch, 80 he didn't know what time it was. | (Anh ta khéng od déng hd, vi thé anh ta khong biét may gid ri). b) Have ding cho cdc hanh dgng (actions): ‘Ching ta cing ding have cho mt s6 hanh dng. Thi dy nhu trong cdc expressions day: have breaktasviunch/dinner/a meaV/a drink/a cup of tea/a cigarette... have a swim/a walk/a tesV/a holiday/a party/a good time... ANH LE TOEICwww.thuvien24/.net have a bath/a shower/a wash have a look (at something) have a baby (= give birth to a baby) have a chat (with someone) _ “Have got": khéng duge ding trong nhiing expressions é trén: - Husuaily have a big breakfast in the morning. (not *have got") (76i thudng An séng rit nhidu). Hay 80 sénh: Thave a bath every moming. (=| take a bath = this is an action). (76i t4m_méi budi s4ng). (Day 14 mot narh dong). ve got a bath. (= There is a bath in my house) (T6i cd mét bén 14m). (C6 mét b6n tdm trong nhé Wi). {hi ban ding have dé chi cde hanh dong, ben c6 thé dling che thé tép didn (ts having / are having / was having v.v...) Where's Tom? He's having a bath (Tom @i dau r6i?) (Anh ay dang tm). Trong cc cAu hdi va cdc cu phi dinh, ban phai dung do/does/did - | don'tusually have a big breakfast. (not *I usually haven’) (T6i thut8ng khong an sdng nhiéu). What time does Ann have lunch? (not ‘has Ann lunch*) (Ann &n tra vao lic may gid?) Did you have a swim this morning? (not *had you a swim") (Sang nay ben c6 di boi khong?) UNIT 24: Exercises 24.1 In this exercise you have to make negative sentences with have. Soma sentences are present (can't) and some past (couldn't). Examples: | can't make a phone call. (any change) | haven't got any change. {couldn't read the notice. (my glasses) | didn't have my glasses. | can't climb up into the roof. (a ladder) |. We couldn't visit the museum. (enough time) We ... He couldn’ find his way to our house. (a map) ‘She can‘t pay her bills. (any money) . | couldn't make an omelette. (any eggs) | can't gat into the house. (my key) They couldn't take any photographs. (a camara)... We couldn't go out In the rain. (an umbrella) 24.2 Complete these questions with have. Some are present and some are past Examples: Excuse me, have you gota light. Did you have a lot of friends when you ved in London? 1 Why are you holding your month like that? .. a toothache? eVaneons 7 ANH LE TOEICwww.thuvien24/.net the time, please?* "Yes, it’s ten past seven". beard before you joined the army? 2 . enough time to answer all the questions in the exam last week? 3. I need a stamp for this letter... any? 4° ‘It started to rain when | was walking home*. *Did it? an umbrella?” 5 6 24.3 Complete these sentences using the most suitable expressions from the box. Put the verb into the correct form where necessary. have ababy = Rave--awimm have a nice time have a bath haveaparty —have achat have a good fight have a rest have a cigarette _have a look have a nice-meat 1 Jack fikes to keep fit, so he has a swim every day. 2 Tom and Ann have just come back from the restaurant. You say: Hello, did you have @ nice meal? We last Friday. It was.great - we invited lots of people. “How often "Not often, | don't like washing. ‘Suzanne gave up her job six months ago when she Excuse me, can | . ak your newspaper, please? ‘You meet Tom at the airport He has just arrived. You say: Hello, Tom! 8 “Where's Jim’ . In his room, He is very tired” 9 I met Ann in the street yesterday. We stopped and 10 I haven't seen you since you came back from holiday 11 | don't usually smoke. But | felt nervous, so! Nourse KEY 24.1 1 Ihaven't got ladder /| don’t 2 Did you have have a ladder /! haven't ladder. 3 Have you got / Do you have / 2. We didn’t have enough time. Have you 3° He didn't have amap 4 Did you have 4 She didn't got any money / She 5 Have you got / Do you have / doesn't have any money / She Have you hasn't any money. 6 Did you have 5 I didn't have any eggs. & I haven't got my key / {dont 7499 had aparty . have my key /I haven't my key. . J Thaven't my key. * a i ok 2 They caathave my lay. 7 Did you have 0 Good fight? 8 We didn’t have an umbrella. t peomees 24.2 1 Have you got / Do you have / @ hada chat Have you 40 Did you have a nice time? 11-had a cigarette 7m. ANH LE TOEICwww.thuvien24/.net B.Al 25: ' USED TO (I used to do) 8) Hay xem xét tinh huéng mau sau: Bay la Dennis. Amh ta da bé hut thuBc céch day hai nam. Anh ta khdng con hit thube 14 nda. Nhung: ‘He used to smoke. He used to smoke 40 cigarettes a day’. (Anh ta di ting hut thud. Trude day anh ta thudng hut 40 digu thude mBi ngay), “Anh ta 08 tiing hut thudc* c6 nghia la anh ta 8 thyéng xuyén hat thuse trong mot théi gian & qua khd, nhung bay gid anh ta khéng hit thuée nda. ‘Qua kh = Bay git 2n&m tude he doesn’ t- he used to smoke ——> ‘Ching ta ding Used to vél infinitive (dong ti’ nguyén mAu) (used to do/used to smoke) 68 ni rhng mot vic nao d6 thudng xuyén dién ra trong qué khd nhung hign thdi khong cn dién ra nda: ~ Lused to play tennis a lot, but now I'm too lazy. (Thuéc day {61 thittng choi qudn vot tuén, nhung bay gid lusi qua). ~ "Do you go to the cinema very often?" “Not now, but | used to” ("Ban di xem phim cd thudng xuyén 14m khéng?* *BAy gid th) khéng, nhung tude Ay th c&t thudng xuyén") - Tom used to travel a lot. These days he doesn't go away very often. (Tnutc ddy Tom rt hay oI du lich. Deo nay anh ta khong thudng di xa). Chung ta cling ding used to 48 ndi vé cdc tinh hudng trong qua khi (past situation) (ma hign thai khdng con t6n tai nda). - We used to live in a small village but now we live in London (Chiing 10i da tng sng trong mdt ng6i fang nbd nung hién nay ching 16i sing 0 Luén Bén). - This building is now a furniture shop. It used fo bea cinema. * (Téa nha nay bay gid la mét cla hang ban 66 ngi that. Taide day né da tiing ia mét rap chiSu béng). = Do you see that hill over there? There used to be a castle on that hil. (Ban cd nhin thy ngon 36) ding kia khong? Trude dy da tng od mét toa Iau dai trén 40). - Ive started drinking coffee recently. | never used to like It before. (Gn dy 161 mdi bat ddu uéng ca phe. Trude day 16i khéng hé thich cd phé). 79 ANH LE TOEICwww.thuvien24/.net ‘Ann used to have long hair but she cut it sometime ago. (Tnide dy Ann thudng 88 tbe dai, nhung 0 ta 88 cdt tbc cich day Bid) =. >) Used to + infnitive ludn lubn duge ding 46 ndi vé qué khd. Khong e¢ hinh thie hién tgi. Ban khéng thé ndi "| use to do” © hign tei, hy ding thi simple present (I do). Hay 60 s4nh hign tal va qué kh: + qué khi/:he used to smoke —_._ we used to live there used to be + hién tai: he smokes we five there is Hinh thie cau hdi (interrogative) thudng la did... use t6...? Did you use to eat a lot of sweets when yau'were a child? (Ban thudng Bn nhiéy keo khi ban cdn bé khong?) Hinh thc phd dinh (negative) 14 didn't use to... (hoc used not to): = Jack didnt use to 99 out very often until he met Jill, (ack da khdng thing di choi cho d6n khi anh ta gép Jil. ) Hay din than diing nhdm lan gida | used to do vit am used to doing (xem! bai 62). Céc edu tric va y nghia aéu khac nhau. + 1.used to live alone. (= | lived alone but {no longer live alone). (Trudc day t6i thudng séng mot minh). (x T6i dé ting séng mét minh nhung bay gid 16) kidng con sng mét minh nda). - 1am used to living alone. (= | live alone and don't find it strange or new because I've been living alone for sometime). {Toi quen séng mgt min). (= T6i sing mét mh va khong thy cidu 26 cd gl mile €4 vi 16i 68 s6ng mot minh duge mét thoi gian r4i). °) UNIT 25: Exercises 25.1 In this exercise you have to complete the sentence with used to. Example: Dennis doesn't smoke any more but he used to amoka 40 cigarettes a day. The baby deean't cry so much now but she every night. She ... My best friend but we arent friends eny longer. We live jn Nottingham now but we .... in Leeds. Now there's only one shop in the vitlage but there When | was a child. Now Tom has got a car. He three. ice-cream, but ! don't like it now. .. a motor-eycle. annena~ 25.2 This time you have to write some sentences about a man who changed his life-style. Fon stopped doing some things and started doing other things: ‘studying hard smoking He stopped going fo bed early He started —_going out avery evening running thrae miles every moming spending a lot of money Make sentences like these: Examples: He used to study hard. He never used to smoke ; or: He didn't use to smoke. an ANH LE TOEICwww.thuvien24/.net 25.3 Now you have to write some sentences about the present. Remember that there is no presen! tense of used to, Examples: Ron used to study hard but now ha doasnit study vary hard. ~" Ron didn't usé to smoke but now he smokes. 1 Tom used to play tennis a lot but now .. 2 Ann never used to drink cottee but now 3 Jill didn’t use to be fat but now ... 4 _Jack didn't use to go out much but now 25.4 Now you have fo ask questions. Mr. Ford is an old man now, You are asking someone what he used fo do when he was younger. Example:| know he doesn't smoke now but did he use to smoke’ 1 (know he doesn't play the piano now but 2 2 know he isn't very rich now but .... 2 3 I know he doesn't go out very often these days but 2 4 I know he doesn't dance these days but 2 5 (know he hasn't got many friends now but 2 KEY 25.1 1 used to cry 4.used to be 2 used to be 5 used to like used to Ive . Bused to have/used to ride 25.2 1-4 - He used to go to bed early. - He used to run three miles every morning, - He never used to go out every evening. - He didn't used to go out every evening. - He néver used fo spend a lot of money. + He didn't used to spand a lot of money. 25.3 1 he doesn't play tennis very muchvery often/a lot, 2. she drinks coffee. 3 she is (fat). 4 he goes out a lotivery often. (or he often goes out), did he use to play the piano? did he use to be rich? did he use to go out oftenvery often/a lot? did he use to dance? did he use to have many friends? wears ANH LE TOEICwww.thuvien24/.net BAI 26: CAN, COULD va BE ABLE TO 8) Ching ta ding can (+ bare infinitive) dé ndi ring mdt viec nao a6 cé thé xdy ra (a possbillty) ho&c mot nguei Ndo 46 ¢6 kha nang (ability) lam mt vide gl. Ths phd dinh (negative) Id can't (cannot): - You can see the sea from our bedroom window. (Em cé thé nhin thy bién ty eta 86 phéng ngd cha ching ta). - Canyou speak any foreign languages? (Ban cb ndi duge ngoai ng no khéng?) + I'm afraid | can't come to your party next Friday. (T0i @ khong thé d6n dy bla ttc cia ban vito thy Sau tudn tdi). Be able to cng c6 thé duge disng thay cho can, nhung can thudng duge. ding hon. + Are you able to speak any foreign languages? (Ban cd ndi duge ngosi ngd nao kh3ng?) Nhung can chi ¢é hai hinh thie: ean (hign tai) va could (qué Rh). Vi vay di khi ban phai ding be able to: =U haven't been able to sleep recently. {can has no present perfect) (Gn day ti khéng thé ngd dude). ‘Tom might not be able to come tomorrow. (can has no infinitive) (Ngay mai Tom cd Ié khéng thé dén duc). b) Could va was able to: 801 khi could 14 qua khd (past form) cia can. Chung ta ding could dac bi6t véi nhiing ‘Agng til sau day: see, hear, smell, taste, feel, remember, understand. = When we went into the house, we could small burning. (Khi ching 16i budc vao nha, ching 16] 06 thé ngiti thy mbi chay khét). - She spoke in a tow voice but | could understand what she was saying. (C8 ta néi nhd nhung thi van cd thé hidu dugc oé ta dang néi gl). Ching ta cing dung could 48 néi ring mot ngudi nao dé 66 kha nang tng quat 46 tam mot vige gl. 3 My grandlather could speak five languages. (Ong ta o5 thé ndi nam thi tiéng). + When Tom was 16, he could run 100 metres in 11 seconds. (Khi Tom 16 tudi, anh ta cd th chay 100 él trong vong 11 gidy). Nhung néu ban mun ndi ring mot ngudi ndo d6 da xoay sb lam duge mdt vide gl trong mét tinh hudng cy thé nao dé, ben phai ding was / were able to (khdng ding could) - he fire spread through the building managed) fo escape. (not “could escape"). (Ngon ida da lan kp ta nha ahung moi nguti Ga tii céch thoat ra dugc). They didn't want to come with us at first but in the end we ware able (= managed) to persuade them. (not *could persuade") (Luc du ho khéng mu6n dén vai ching 16i, nhung cudi cing ching t6i dé tm cdch thuyét phuc dugc ho). 1 quickly but everyone was able (2 ANH LE TOEICwww.thuvien24/.net Hay so sdnh could va was able to trong thi dy sau: + Jack was an exellant tennis player. He could beat any body (= He had the ability to beat anybody). (Jack la mOt vgn dong vién quén vot tuyét val. Anh ta cé thé danh bai bat cu al), - But once he had a difficult gama against Alf Ait played very wel! but in the end Jack was able to beat him. (= He managed to best him in this pacticular game). + (Nhung ob mot idn Jack thi difu cang thdng véi Ail. AH choi rét hay nhung cusi cing ack vin anh bei duigc anh ta). Th& phi dinh couldn't ding duge trong moi tinh nudng: My grandtather couldn't swim. (Ong 181 khéng biét bai). - We tried hard but wa couldn't persuade them to come with us. (Ching 101 d& oS gdng hét site nhung ching tdi van khdng thé thuyét phuc dugc ho 5n vai chiing 16i). - 6t V4l ean, Nay xem thém bai 31. BEI voi could, hBy xem thm bai 27 va 31. UNIT 26: Exercises 26.1 In this exercise you have to use can or be able fo. Sometimes it is possible tu use either: sometimes only be able to is possible. Examples: George has travelled a lot. He can (or is.abla to) speak four languages. \ haven't bean able to sleep very well recently. 1 Tom drive but he hasn't got a car, 2 | can't understand Martin. ve never understand him, 3 fusedto . stand on my head but | cant do it now. 4 Ask Ann about your problem. She should .. help you. 26.2 In this exercise you have to completa the sentence with could Example: | can't sing now but | could sing very well when | was a child 1 He can't play tennis very well now but he younger. 2 She can't run very fast now but when she was at school she ... anyone else. 3 | can't swim very far these days but ten years ago | . of the lake {o the other. quite well when he was, faster than ... from one side 26.3 This time you have to answer the questions with was/were able to. Example: Did you persuade them? Yas. It was difficult but we ware able fo persuade them. 1 Did they find your house? Yes, it took them a long fime but they . ANH LE TOEIC 83www.thuvien24/.net 2 Did you win the match? ‘Yes. It wasn't easy but | 3 Did the thief escape? Yes. The policeman chased the thief but he .. 26.4 Now you have to complele @ sentence with could, was!were able to or couldn't. Examples.’ My grandfather was very clever. He could (or was able ta) speak five languages. looked everywhere for the book but | couldn't find it. The fire spread quickly but everyone was able to escape. He had hurt his leg, 60 he .... ‘She wasn't at home when | phoned but | .. Contact her at her office. Hooked very carefully and 1 806 a figure in this distance. They didnt have any tomatoes in the first shop | went to, but I .. some in the next shop. - My grandmother loved music. She The boy fell into the river but fortunately we .. walk very well. sons . get play the piano very well. Fone, Fescue him, on KEY 26.1 canis able to been able to be able to be able to Rone could play (tennis) could run could swim ona were able to find it. was able to win (it). was able to escape. wns couldn'twasn't able to was able to could/was able to was able to could/was able to were able to onrsona ANH LE TOEICwww.thuvien24/.net BAI 27: — COULD (could do va could have done) a) Chiing ta c6 mét $6 cach ding could (do). di khi né la qué kh cha ean (do) (xem bal 26), nhung ddi khi nd tal cd nghia hign tai (present) ho&c tuang lai (future). Thi dy ‘hu thinh thoding chung ts diing could dé néi v8 nhiing hanh dong o6 thé xdy ra trong tuong lai, dac biét la khi chéing ta néu nhiing a6 nghi: - ‘What shail we do this evening?" *We could go to the cinema’. ("T6i nay ching ta lam gi day?" “Chung ta cd thé di xem phim") = When you go to New York, you could stay with Linda. (Khi ban dn New York, ben od thé & chung vdi Linda). Can cling 06 thé duge ding trong cdc céu trén. ("We can go to the cinema’). Could khdng chdc chan bang can. i Ching ta cing c6 thé ding could 46 néi vé nhiing sy vide c6 thé «dy ra trong tuong lai: + There could be another rise in the price of patrol soon. (= It is possible that there will be). (Chang bao léu gid xéng cd thé igi tang mét ién nda). Oi khi could mang nghia would be able to (sé cd thé): - Why doesn't Tom apply for the job? He could get It. (Tai sao Tom khéng xin lam viéc 06? Anh Ay 88 06 thé dutic nhdn vao lam ma). ~ I don't know how she works 14 hours a day. | couldn't do It. (T6i khOng biét lam sao c6 ta Iai cd thE lam vibe 14 ting mot ngdy. T6i Khong thé lam nhus thé duge). b) Qué khU cia could (do) [a could have (dene). Ching ta ding could have (done) 48 néi rang ching. ta 64 cé kha nang hodc co hi dS 1am mot viée gl dé nhuing da khong lam. - We didn't go out last night. We coukd have gone to the cinema but we decided to stay at home. (We'had the opportunity to go out but we didn't), (161 hom qua chiing t6i khong ra Khdi nha. Chiing 163 dé ed thé ai xem phim nhung 16i ching t6i quy8t dinh 8 nha). - Why did you stay at a hotel in New York? You could have stayed with Linda. (You had the opportunity to stay with her but you didn't). (Tai sao anh igi d khach san 4 New York? Anh da cé thé 8 chung véi Linda co ma). (Anh da ¢6 ed hél 8 chung véi Linda nhung anh da khdng 4). - Why didn't Tom apply for the job? He could have gotit. (He had the abltity to get it). (Tai sao Tom khéng xin lam céng viéc 46? Anh ta da c6 thé nhan dude né co ma). (Anh ta da 06 khé nang nhan dugc nd). Ching ta cng c6 thé dang could have (done) 48 néi ring mt vic nao 44 da c6 thé xay ra, nhuing da khéng xy ra. - He was lucky whan he fell off the ladder. He could have hurt himselt. (Anh ta vin con may khi 16 thang. Anh ta da od thé bj thuting). ANH LE TOEIC 85www.thuvien24/.net ¢) Bay gid ld mot s6 thi dy vé couldn't have (done). “I couldn't have done something’ cé nghia *T6i cé thé dé khong lam duge viée 46 (cho di tdi muén hay 44 cé gdng lam)". When | went to New York last year. | decided not to stay with Linda. Lator found out that she was away while | was there, s0 / couldn't have stayed with her anyway. (Nam ngodi khi 18i di New York, 161 dé quyét dinh khong 2 chung véi Linda, Sau dé t8i bidt duge ring cb By dé di khdi trang khi 181 8 83, do dé ang ndo ttt ing dau cd & chung vil eb ta Auge), = The football match was cancelled last week. Tom couldn't have played anyway because he was ill. (Tudn mide wn béng G4 A bj hiy b3. Nhung dd sao th) Tom cdng khdng thé thi d&u curse v) anh ta bj 5m). - Ann did really well to pass the examination. It was really difficult, I'm sure t couldn't * have passedit. (Anna d& 0S gdng hét sic 08 vugt qua ky thi 06. Ky thi qué 1a khd, Téi chée chin sling n&u ia 6i thi cd thé a& khdng vugt qua dude). - V6i could / coutdn't, xem thém cdc bal 26, 28, 29¢, 31. V6i could trong céc cAu diéu kien, xem cac bal 36-38. UNIT 27: Exercises 27.1 In this exercise you have fo make suggestions. Use could. Example: Where shall we go for our holidays? (Scotland) We could go to Seotiand. 1 What shat we have for dinner tonight? (fish) . 2 When shall we go and see Tom? (on Friday) 3 What shall ( give Ann for her birthday? (a book) .. 27.2 This time you have to use could have. Answer the questions in the way shown. Example: “Did you go to the cinema?" "No. We could have gone tn the cinema but we decidad not to*. 1 “Did you go to the concert last night?" "No, We . 2 "Did John take the examination?* "No, He 3 "Did you buy a new car?" "No, | .. 27.3 In this exercise you have to write sentences with could or could have. Exampies: She doesn't want to stay with Linda. But sha could stay with Linda. ‘She didn’t want to stay with Linda. But he could have stayed with Linda. He didn't want to help us. But he ‘He doesnt want to help us. But .. They don’t want to lend us any money. But .. ‘She didn't want to have anything to eat Rone ANH LE TOEICwww.thuvien24/.net 27.4 In this exercise first read this information about Ken: Ken doesn't know any Spanish. Ken doesn't know anything about machines. Ken is very rich and generous. Ken can't drive, Ken was il on Friday night. Ken was free on Monday afternoon. A lot of people wanted Ken to do different things last week but they couldn't contact him. So he didn't do eny of these thiags. You have to say whether he could have done or couldn't have done these things (if he had known). Example: His aunt wanted him to drive her to the station. He couldn’ have driven bar to ine station (because he can't drive). 1 Ann wanted him to come to a party on Friday right. --.. because 2 Jim wanted him to play tennis on Monday afternoon. He 3 Sue wanted him to translate a Spanish newspaper article into English. because 4 Jack wanted Ken to lend him £20. 5 Ken's mother wanted him to repair her washing machine. We could have fish. We could go (and see him) on Friday. You could give her a book (for her birthday). We could have gone to the concent but we decided not to. He could have taken the examination but he decided not to. | could have bought a new car but | decided not to. But he could have helped us. But he could help us. But they could lend us some (money). But she could have had something to eat. He couldn't have come (to party on Friday night) because he was ill. He could have played tennis on Monday afternoon. He couldn't have translated it because he doesn't know any Spanish. He could have lent Jack £20. He couldn't have repaired her washing machine because he doesnt know anything about machines, 27.3 27.4 HAOKSAONAONAONS ANH LE TOEICwww.thuvien24/.net BAI 28: MUST va CAN'T a) Hy xem xét tinh hudag mau sau: Alf 1a mot d&u thd quén vot r&t xudt sc va khong c6 may du thd danh bai dugc anh ta. Nhung hom qua anh ta thi d&u vei Bill va Bill 4A thang. Vi vay: Biil must be a very good player. (Otherwise hé wouldn't have won). (Bit dt hdn la mét défu thd rt xudlt s4c). (N6u khdng anh ta r&t cb thé d& khong thdng). Ching ta ding must 48 ndi ring ching ta tin chéc mot didu gl dé Ia ding sy that: - You've been travelling all day. You must be tired. (= | am sure that you are tired). (Ban da di subt ngay. Chdc hdn la ban rit mét). (= Ti chde chén ring ban rat mét). ‘hear that your examinations ara next week. You meist be studying very hard at the moment..(= | am gure that you arg studying). (Téi nghe néi ring ban sé thi vao tudn Ii. Vay chdc hdn IS hién thai ban dang hoc vt vé idm). (= T6i chdc chdn rang ban dang hoc bai). - Carol knows a lot about films. She must go to the cinema a tot. (= | am sure she goes to the cinema a lot). (Carol biét nhiéu vé phim. Chée hdn cd ta di xem phim r&t nhiéu). ‘Chung ta ding can't 46 ndi v6 diéu ma chiing ta nghT ring khdng thé xAy ra dude (impossibility): - You've only just had dinner. You cant be hungry already. (= It is impossible that you are hungry). (Anh via mdi &n 161 xong. Anh khéng thé nao lai d6i nia diigc). (= khéng thé nao ‘anh Iai d6i dugc). - “Tom said that he would be here ten minutes ago and he is never late. He can't be (Tom néi rang anh ta s8 da cé m&t 2 day mubi phut tnidc va anh ta Khong bao gid tré hen. Vay chdc chén anh ta khéng thé d6n dugc). Hay hoc cu tric sau: must be tired/ungry, etc. Uyoume (ete.) [ be studying/waiting/coming, etc. cant go/do/play, etc. ch&chdn 1a meUddi Ww... Tovanh/anh dy... [ dang hgcidang chd/dang dén vv... khong thé diNanvchoi v.v... b) B6i vai thi qud khi ching ta ding must have (done) (at hin d&, chdc da)va can't have (done) (t ndn da khong thé). Xem thi dy sau: = T6ihbm qua ching t6I dn nha Roy vi bdm chudng cila. Khong c6 ai trd 181 cd. He must have gone out (otherwise he would have answered). (Chic hAn ta anh ta da ra kndi nha) (néu khong anh ta a8 ta 131). ANH LE TOEICwww.thuvien24/.net ‘The phone rang but | didn't hear it. | must have been asleep. (Bign thoai reo nhung Wi da khdng nghe gi c&. Chdc hdn hic db 161 dang ngi) 1 made alot of noise when | came home. You must have heard me. (T6i d& lam 8n da ihm khi 181 v8 dén nha. Chdc hdn anh dé nghe thay ting 161). - She passed me in the street without speaking. She can't have seen me. (C6 By di ngang qua t6i 3 ngoai dudng ma chang ndi mét Idi ndo, Chéc hn Id ob &y a8 khong nhhn thd 101). Tom walked straight into the wail, He can't have been looking where he was going. (Tom dam sm vao bic tudng. Chéc han ia anh ta 08 khong 08 ¥ ld minh dang di dau). Hy hoc cd tric sau: must been asleep/ired, etc. liyourne (etc.) [ have been looking/waiting, etc. can't gone/done/seen/neard, chic hAn da, dang ngi, métv.v.. ToVanhvanh dy v.v... [ dang nhin, chd viv. Khdng thé 8 i, lam, thy, nghe viv... ouldn't have (done) c6 thé dugc dung thay cho can't have (done): ‘She couldn't have seen me. (Chdc han cé ta d& khdng nhin thy 16/). - He couldn't have been looking where he was going. (Chdc hén anh ta 08 khéng d8 y la minh dang di dtu). Dé biét céc ¥ nghia khéc cia must va can't, hay xem cAc bai 26, 31 va 32. INIT 28: Exercises 3.1 Complete these sentences using must (have) ... or cant (have)... Examples: “Is he British?” “Yas. he must he British", “Did she see you?" “No, she can't have seen me", “Are they married?" “Yes, they must : “Is he serious?" “No, he can't ‘Were they in a hurry?" “Yes, th “Does Ann know a lot of people?" “Yea, she “Did Tom know about the plan?" “Yes, he .. "Do thay have much money?" “No, they .. “Was he driving carefully?* "No, h “Are thay waiting for somebody?" *Y: wVAKZAON— , they . 3.2 Complete these sentences with must or can't + @ suitable verb. Example: You've been travelling all day. You must he very tired. Brian nas got three houses, six cars, a yacht and a helicopter. money. ANH LE TOEIC a lot of 89www.thuvien24/.net » (The doorbell rings). | wonder who that is. It .... come after 7 o'clock and it's only 6.30 now. I wonder why Tom isn't at work today. | suppose he John seems to know a lot about history. He Jack's putting on his hat and coat. He “a lot of books. are ‘out. 3 Now you have to read @ situation and write a sentence with must have or can't nae: Use the words in brackets. Example: The phone rang but | didn't hear it. (I must/be/asleep) Lmusthave heen asicep. 1 That dress you bought is very good quality. (it must/be/very expensive) tt must Thavert seen Jim for ages. ig | Wonder where my umbrella Is. (you mustleave/it on the train) on 4 Don passed the examination. He didnt study very much for it. (the exam can'Vbe/vary difficult) . 5 She knew everything ‘about our plans. (sRe mustlistento our conversation) 6 Dennis did the opposite of what | asked him to do. (he can'Yunderstand/what | said) 7 When | woke up this morning, the light was on. (1 musUforgetto tum it off) 8 1 don't understand how the accident happened. (the driver cant / seethe red light) 28.1 1 they must be married. 7 he cant have been. 2 he can't be serious. & they must be. 3° they must have been ina hurry. 28.2 1 musthave 4 she must know a lot of people. 2 cantbe Sha must have known about itthe 3° mustbe plan. 4° must readimust have read 6 they can't have much (money). 5 must be going 7 he'can't have been driving 28.3 1 Itmust have been very expensive. carefully. 2 He must have gone away. 8 they must be waiting for 3 You must have left tt on the train. somebody. 4 The exam can't have been very Short answers are aiso possible In this difficult. exerciee: 5 She must have listened/must have 1 they must be. been listening to our conversation. 3 he cavi be: 6 He can't have understood what | 3. they must have been. aid. 4 ahs wit 7 [must have forgotten to tum It off 5 he must have. . & The driver cant have seen the red 6 they can't have. light. ANH LE TOEICwww.thuvien24/.net BAI 29: MAY va MIGHT a) Hay xem xét tinh hung mau sau: Ban dang tim Jack, Khdng ai biét ch&c anh ta dang 8 dau nhung ban nhtn dude| mot 86 ggi - He may be in his office. (= perhaps he is in his of (C6 thé anh ta dang 3 trong van phéng cia anh ta). He might be having lunch. (= perhaps he is having lunch) (C6 thé anh ta dang An tra). + Ask Ann. She might know. (= pechaps Ann knows) (H6i Ann xom. C6 thd cd dy bi6t dy). Chiing ta diing may va might dé ndi ring mot vide nao 46 o6 thé xAy ra (possibility). Khéng cé sy khéc bigt quan trong nao gia may va might. Ban 06 thé ndi: + He may be in his office. or He might be in his office. {C6 thé anh ta dang 8 trong van phong cda anh ta). Thé phd dinh 1 may not vA might not (ho&c mightn't): - Jack might notbe in his office. (= perhaps he isn't in his office) (C6 th8 Jack khéng cd mat trong van phéng). - I'm not sure whether | can lend you any money. | may not have enough, (= perhaps don't have enough). (Tet kong chic la ob nd cho ban mugn tin dugc Khong. Toi cé thé khong od én). Hay hoc eflu tric sau: may be in his office | Uyoulhe (etc.) [ (not) be having/waiting, ete. ; might know/have/do, etc. 6 thé dang @ trong vin phéng Téitoan/enh By (v.v...) [ tkhéng) dang snfdang ché... bisconam... b) 6 chi mot vigc c6 thé xy ra trong qué khd, chang ta dling may have (done) / might have (done) (c6 15 48): + A: }wonder why Ann didn't answer the doorbell. (76i thc mic tai sao Ann kh6ng trd 181 ting chubng ca). - B: Well, | suppose she may have been in the bath: (= perhaps she was In the bath). 1A, 167 nghI c5 18 We 66 0 dy dang tm). - A: Why didn't he say hello when he passed us in the street? (Tal seo enh Ay khéng chao khi a ngang ching ta & ngoai ding?) ANH LE TOEIC 1www.thuvien24/.net 8: He might have been day-dreaming. (= perhaps he was day-dreaming). (C6 lé hic 46 anh ta dang md mang chuyén 9} 46) + A: lean't find my bag anywhere. (T6i khéng thé thm thi cai tuk cia 16i & du cd). +B: You might have Jeftit in the shop. (= perhaps you left it) (C6 I ba da 3 quén 2 cite tigm). ‘A: | wonder why Ann didn't come to the meeting). (Téi thc mdc tei sao Ann khng dén hop). = B: Sho might not have Known about it. (= perhaps she didot know). (C6 16 08 By aa khdng bidt gi vé budi hop). Hay hoc edu tric sau: may been In the bath Uyourhe (etc.) [ (not) have been day-dreaming/waiting, etc. . might know / left / had etc. 3 6 dang tém Tévban/anh by (vv...) [ (khéng) dang mg mang / dang Sd. 06 Ie da bidt / a8 quén / an... ¢) Ban cé thé ding could thay cho may ho&c might. Nhung vél'could thi kha ning xdy ra (possibility) $8 nhd hon. - ‘Where's Jack?" “tm not sure. He could be in his office, | suppose, but he's not usually there at this time*. (‘Jack dau réi?* “Téi khéng biét chéc. Cd thé anh ta dang & trong v4n phdng, tdi nghi thé, nhung thuéing th) gid nay anh ta khéng ad 6 46”). D6i v6i may va might, xem thém cdc bal 30 va 31. UNIT 29: Exercises 29.1 In’ this exercise you have to make sentences with may or might. The first four sentences are present. Examples: *Do you know if Jack is in his ofice?* "Im nat aura. Ha may be in bis “Do ae know if Ann likes ice-cream?* "I'm not sure. She might like ice- 1 “Do you know Fnow il they are married?" “Im not sure. They 2 ‘Do you know if she wants to go?* “I'm not sure 3 "Do you know if he’s telling the truth?" “i'm 4° *Do you know if he has a.car?*“L The next three sentences are past. Examples: *Do you know it he was serious?" “Im not aura. He might have been "Do you know if thay were looking?" "I'm not ura, Thay may have been looking”. g ANH LE TOEIC