Astronomy problem for the Challenge

Ahmed Saad Sabit

Problem: Cosmological Expansion causes the wavelength of space traveling light to increase. So an optical
wavelength can turn to Microwave, or even Radio wave, depending on the situation.
A strong Radio signal was received from an unknown source, by an Observatory in Equatorial zone during

the Midday (12:00 pm), when the sun is exactly at the top; along the perpendicular way on the Earth
surface. The signal record gave data that made an apparent position of the signal as shown in “Photograph
01: The First Signal”, along the line of the diameter of Sun, by the Right side straight on the Earth. The
redshifting measurements put forward that the source is l1 distance away.
Then the source eclipsed by sun. Means that, it went behind the sun.
Exactly 1 month later, the same source made another signal as from the apparent position in “Photograph
02: The Second Signal”, but this time the redshifting said that the distance of the source from Earth was
l2 . This signal was received in the same as before, during Midday, by the same observatory.

Assuming that the mysterious source moved in a straight line, what can be the average
speed of the source? Does it have any possibility that it is orbiting the Sun?

Supplimentary Astronomy Facts:

• Earth orbit about Sun is assumed perfectly circular with radius 1A.U (Astronomical Unit) that is
1.5 × 10? m. And this is not a bad approximation either.
• Please be concious about Radian and Degree angular measures.

• Line of Sight of the source can be neglected by the Solar Gravitational Effects.
• Total orbit period of Earth about sun is exactly 12 months, so a year can be divided into 12 equal
parts and so as the angle that Earth makes with Sun after a full orbit.
• Please don’t make hasty and irrelevant approximations or assumptions because the measure is sensitive
to small numbers, especially in Degree measures.
• The Midday fact tells you to avoid Diurnal Motion effects. Perpendicular position of Sun tells that to
not assume Atmospheric effects, and Equator position motivates a simple Geometrical Solution.