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Quadrupole GC/MS/MS:
Evolving technology for
higher performance tools
Page 1
Triple Quadrupole MS/MS
(also called tandem quadrupole)
is changing the way scientists
think about GC/MS
Page 2
Transmission Quadrupole MS & MS/MS
Sensitivity and Selectivity Scale
Least Sensitive Most Sensitive
<
Fast 12,500 u/s (5975C) Typical < 2,000 u/s
< Dwell 20-50 ms
Page 3
Transmission Quadrupole MS & MS/MS
Sensitivity and Selectivity Scale
Least Sensitive Most Sensitive
<
Fast 12,500 u/s (5975C) Typical < 2,000 u/s
< Dwell 20-50 ms
Page 4
Summary of Relative Performance Factors
GC/MSD GC/MSD GC/MSD GC/TQ
Scan SIM Scan-DRS MS/MS
S from analyte + +++ + +++
S from matrix -- -- - 0
N from neutrals = = = Ultra low
N from matrix --- --- - 0
N from "bleed" Low Low Lower 0
MDL (clean) Very Low Lowest Lower Lowest
MDL (very dirty) Low Low Lower Lowest
Quant Error Low Low Lower Lowest
Sanalyte
MDL = But scan is
Nneutral + Nmatrix + NGC “bleed”
essential for
Smatrix non-targets
Quant Error = (unknowns)!
Sanalyte + Smatrix
Page 5
Fundamental Benefits of MS/MS for GC
Page 6
MS/MS Eliminates Scan and SIM Interferences
Single Quad MS
selectivity proportional to
spectral resolution
no selectivity against ions interference
with same m/z
analyte
Page 7
MS/MS Eliminates Scan and SIM Interferences
Single Quad MS
selectivity proportional to
spectral resolution
no selectivity against ions interference
with same m/z
analyte
Product 2
Product 1
Product 3
Page 8
MS/MS Eliminates Scan and SIM Interferences
Single Quad MS
Triple Quad MS
selectivity proportional to
High probability that one or more of the
spectral resolution
product ions will be a unique dissociation
no selectivity against ions interference
product of the precursor only
with same m/z
analyte
Product 2
Product 1 interference
Product 3
Page 9
MS/MS Ensures Lowest Detection Limits
EI: spectrum of analyte can also include
ions from matrix, column bleed, gases, etc.
isolate precursor
Q1 SIM before CID
chemical noise
from these other
ions is eliminated
Page 10
MS/MS Ensures Lowest Detection Limits
EI: spectrum of analyte can also include
ions from matrix, column bleed, gases, etc.
Product 2
Product 1
isolate precursor Product 3
Q1 SIM before CID
chemical noise
from these other CID + Lower m/z Product
Page 11
SIM Limited by Unit Mass Resolution
Interfering matrix
peaks = chemical
noise
57 284
C20 Eicosane
100 100
Hexachlorobenzene
43
Cl
Cl Cl
71
50 50
Cl Cl
142
Cl
85
107 249
29 214
99 71 177
113 127 118
141 155 169 183 197 211 225 282 47
95
238 253 35 83 130
0 24 53 153
165 190 237
20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 220 240 260 280 0
20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 220 240 260 280 300
(ma inlib ) Eic osa ne (ma inlib ) Benzene, hexa c hloro-
Page 12
SIM Limited by Unit Mass Resolution
Interfering matrix
peaks = chemical
noise
57 284
100 100
43
Cl
Cl Cl
71
50 50
Cl Cl
142
Cl
85
107 249
29 214
99 71 177
113 127 118
141 155 169 183 197 211 225 282 47
95
238 253 35 83 130
0 24 53 153
165 190 237
20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 220 240 260 280 0
20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 220 240 260 280 300
(ma inlib ) Eic osa ne (ma inlib ) Benzene, hexa c hloro-
Page 13
SIM Limited by Unit Mass Resolution
Interfering matrix
peaks = chemical
noise
Page 14
MS/MS Succeeds Where MS Fails
Interfering matrix
peaks = chemical
noise
A chromatographer’s
dream: single peak on
flat baseline
Page 15
Pesticide Analysis: Comparing SIM to MS/MS
SIM ‐ EIC (246)
9 Apple
9 Cabbage
9 Ginseng
X Orange
X Spinach
Page 16
Pesticide Analysis: Comparing SIM to MS/MS
SIM ‐ EIC (246) MRM (2 transitions)
2 4 6 . 0 -> 1 7 6 . 1 , 2 4 6 . 0 -> 1 7 5 . 1
Counts
x1 0 4 R a t io = 2 3 . 5
9
1 .1
1
0 .9
0 .8
0 .7
Apple
0 .6
0 .5
0 .4
0 .3
0 .2
S/N = 448
0 .1
0
-0 . 1
1 1 .8 1 1 .9 12 1 2 .1 1 2 .2 1 2 .3
A c q u is it io n T im e (m in )
2 4 6 . 0 -> 1 7 6 . 1 , 2 4 6 . 0 -> 1 7 5 . 1
9 9
Counts
x1 0 3 R a t io = 2 2 .9
Cabbage 4
1
S/N = 241
0
1 1 .8 1 1 .9 12 1 2 .1 1 2 .2 1 2 .3
A c q u is it io n T im e (m in )
246.0 -> 176.1 , 246.0 -> 175.1
9 9
Counts
x10 4 Ratio=23.3
0.9
0.8
0.7
0.6
Ginseng 0.5
0.4
0.3
S/N = 446
0.2
0.1
0
9
11.8 11.9 12 12.1 12.2 12.3
Ac quisition Time (min)
X
2 4 6 . 0 -> 1 7 6 . 1 , 2 4 6 . 0 -> 1 7 5 . 1
Counts
x1 0 3 R a t io = 2 3 .6
8
Orange 6
4
S/N = 456
3
9
1 1 .8 1 1 .9 12 1 2 .1 1 2 .2 1 2 .3
A c q u isitio n T im e (m in )
2 4 6 . 0 -> 1 7 6 . 1 , 2 4 6 . 0 -> 1 7 5 . 1
Counts
x1 0 4 R a t io = 2 4 . 0
X
1 .2
1 .1
1
S/N = 260
0 .9
Spinach 0 .8
0 .7
0 .6
0 .5
0 .4
0 .3
0 .2
0 .1
0
-0 . 1
1 1 .8 1 1 .9 12 1 2 .1 1 2 .2 1 2 .3
A c q u is it io n T im e (m in )
Page 17
7000B MS/MS: High Performance Components
The best technologies from the
industry leading 5975C Series Gold plated quartz, hyperbolic
quadrupoles
GC/MSD
New inert,
– Heated monolithic gold high temp,
plated quartz quadrupole extraction EI
source
– Reliable, inert, high
performance ion source
– High Signal/Low Noise New Ramped Iris
Triple-Axis Detector Triple-Axis Detector
Page 18
7000B MS/MS: Hot (200ºC) Quartz Analyzers
High temperature Gold plated quartz, hyperbolic
analyzers stay clean quadrupoles
Page 19
Proprietary Heated Quartz Quadrupole
Page 20
Hyperbolic, Gold-coated, Quartz - Proprietary!
• Why quartz?
– Low coefficient of linear expansion (expansivity; α)
• dL = α L0 dt [t = ºC; dL = change in length (m); L0 = length at 0 ºC]
– α varies greatly for different materials (m/m K x 10-6)
• Stainless steel 304 = 17.3; Stainless steel 316 = 16.0
• Inconel (Ni alloy) = 12.6; Monel (Ni/Cu alloy) = 13.5
• Glass pyrex = 4.0; Quartz, fused = 0.59
– For change from 25 to 150 ºC, which material expands the LEAST?
• But what is the “analytical value?”
• Low thermal expansion means dimensions/alignments do not change
• After maintenance, the quartz quad can be baked at 200 ºC
• Under operation, the quartz quad can be run at 150, 180 or even 200 ºC
• Heat is the “friend” of GC/MS methods – true for the source and analyzer!
Page 21
More Information on the Agilent Website
Detailed Video
Page 22
7000B MS/MS: Collision Cell with Helium Quench
Highly efficient
dissociation of
precursor ions
Maximum transitions
per second without
product ion
carryover (cross-talk) High pressure hexapole collision
cell with Patent Pending Helium
Quench Gas
Reduction of
metastable helium
from EI source
Page 23
Hexapole Cell: Better Transmission Characteristics
1.2
1
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
sn
om
ra
iT
GC/MS
m/z=1050
0
0 500 1000 1500
m/z
Page 24
500 Transitions/sec: Why Is This Important?
Page 25
Measured Collision Cell Clearing Time
1 msec
Page 26
Collision Cell Process: Typical Description
Collision Cell
1 ml/min N2
Collision Gas
Precursor Product
Source Detector
Ions In collision induced dissociation Ions Out
Page 27
Collision Cell Process: Full Description for GC/MS
Collision Cell
1 ml/min N2 At the detector,
Collision Gas metastable
helium generates
neutral noise.
Quad Analyzer Quad Analyzer
Precursor Product
Source He* + + He* Detector
Ions In collision induced dissociation Ions Out
A high population of highly In GC/MS, neutral noise is
energetic helium buried in much higher
metastables are produced chemical noise.
in an EI source; since
metastable helium is not In GC/MS/MS, chemical
charged, it can pass noise is greatly reduced
through mass analyzer so neutral noise is a
field into the collision cell critical source of noise.
and through to the HED-EM
Page 28
Collision Cell Process with Helium Quench Gas
Collision Cell
1 ml/min N2
Collision Gas
Precursor Product
Source He* + + He* Detector
Ions In collision induced dissociation Ions Out
Transmission of
metastable helium
to the detector is
greatly reduced;
He Buffer Gas the Triple-Axis
detector further
reduces neutral
He* + He → 2 He + heat noise for ultra-low
neutral noise.
Page 29
Benefit from “Helium Quench”
+MRM(283.79999->213.90039) 1pgHCB_std_cond_UnkGain_2090EMV_He0pct_05.d
x103 Noise(RMS) =20.08; SNR(6.470min) =341.0
tested with
7.5 Same hexachlorobenzene
6.470
7
6.5
Signal
6
5.5
Noise Decreased
5
3.5 1.8
1.7
3
1.6
2.5 1.5
2
1.5
S/N 341:1 1.4
1.3
1.2
1 1.1
0.5 4.628
1
6.301
0.9
0
0.8
4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 4.6 4.7 4.8 4.9 5 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5 5.6 5.7 5.8 5.9 6 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4 6.5 6.6 6.7 6.8 6.9
0.7
Countsvs. AcquisitionTime(min)
0.6
0.5
+MRM(283.79999->213.90039) 1pgHCB_std_cond_UnkGain_2090EMV_He20pct_04.d 4.7 4.75 4.8 4.85 4.9 4.95 5 5.05 5.1 5.15 5.2 5.25 5.3 5.35 5.4 5.45 5.5 5.55 5.6 5.65 5.7 5.75 5.8 5.85 5.9 5.95 6 6.05 6.1 6.15 6.2
x103 Noise(RMS) =6.03; SNR(6.465min) =1294.0 Countsvs.AcquisitionTim
e(m
in)
8 Same 6.465
7.5
Signal
7
6.5
In MS apps, neutral noise
6
5.5
is not visible – it is buried
5
by more intense chemical
4.5
Helium Quench Gas ON
4
3.5
noise.
3
2.5 Since MS/MS eliminates
2
1.5
S/N 1294:1 chemical noise, neutral
1
0.5 noise is visible and must
be minimized.
0
4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 4.6 4.7 4.8 4.9 5 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5 5.6 5.7 5.8 5.9 6 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4 6.5 6.6 6.7 6.8 6.9 7
Countsvs. AcquisitionTime(min)
Page 30
7000B MS/MS: New Higher Sensitivity Source
Increase signal for
precursor ions using
an extractor source New inert,
high temp,
design extraction EI
source
Page 31
Lab-Proven Inert Source
Page 32
7000B Extraction Source
External View - Assembled
Page 33
7000B Extraction Source
Expanded View of Components
Component #7 is a new
insulator
Design uses
combination of
“push” (repeller) and
“pull” (extractor lens)
to increase ion
intensity
Page 34
7000B Increased Signal
Extractor Source w/
Extractor source Ramped Iris Detector
cutaway
Push-Pull Principle:
Standard Source
Repeller and Extractor
& Detector mode
Page 35
Why Is the New Extractor
Source More Valuable for
Triple Quad MS/MS
than
Single Quad MSD?
Page 36
Extractor Source Increases Signal for All Ions
EI: spectrum of analyte can also include
ions from matrix, column bleed, gases, etc.
Single Quad MS
Chemical Noise Limited
Analyte Signal Increased
Chemical Noise Increased
S/N does not improve
Page 37
Extractor Source Increases Signal for All Ions
EI: spectrum of analyte can also include
ions from matrix, column bleed, gases, etc.
MS/MS still eliminates
chemical noise
Product 2
Product 1
isolate precursor Product 3
Q1 SIM before CID
chemical noise
from these other CID +
ions is eliminated Q2 SIM
Page 38
Why Is the New Extractor Source Valuable for
MS/MS?
Single Quad MS
Chemical Noise Limited
Analyte Signal Increased
Chemical Noise Increased
S/N does not improve
Page 39
Unique Entrance Lens Eliminates Pre-filter
Improved lens
The last lens, which extends into the heated monolithic quadrupole,
optimizes coupling of the source to the analyzer. Voltage on this lens is
dynamically ramped synchronously with analyzer voltage to focus
maximum ion signal for every m/z into the center of the quadrupole field.
Page 40
7000B MS/MS: New Ramped-Iris Detector
Ramped-iris
improves transfer of
ion from the exit of
the second analyzer
into the Triple-Axis
detector New Ramped Iris
Triple-Axis Detector
Page 41
High Performance Triple-Axis Detector with New
Dynamically Ramped Iris
• Maximum reduction of neutral
Offset
noise shield for
Z
steering rod secondary
– The combination of helium quench hyperbolic quartz
particles
Page 42
Ramped-Iris Triple-Axis Detector
Mass Iris (V) Signal
Increase
• Improved high mass peak shape
69 -1 1.0X
• Improved mid to high mass sensitivity
131 -8 1.1X
Page 43
7000B GC/MS/MS Specifications
Page 44
Column
Backflush:
Many Wonderful
Advantages for
GC/MS/MS of
Complex Matrices
Page 45
What Real Value Does High Performance EPC Have If
Matrix Carryover Destroys Rt Precision?
N or m .
140 00
10 Runs without Backflushing
120 00 Retention times shift ~4-5 sec
100 00 during 10 runs
80 00
60 00
40 00
20 00
5 .3 5 .4 5 .5 5 .6 5 .7 5 .8 5 .9 6 6 .1 6 . 2 m in
N or m .
160 00
140 00
10 Runs with Backflushing
120 00
100 00
80 00
60 00
40 00
20 00
5 .3 5 .4 5 .5 5 .6 5 .7 5 .8 5 .9 6 6 .1 m in
Page 46
Productivity: CFT Backflush
Page 47
Multiple Backflush Configurations
Multiple Backflush Devices
• Backflush from the start of the column
– Backflush guard column only
• Backflush from the end of the column
– Backflush entire column
• Backflush from the middle of the column
– Backflush a percentage of the column
– Example: at tee between two 15 m columns
Purged
Ultimate
New Pressure Union
Controlled
Tee Kit
Page 48
Backflush – Mid-Column (Backflush Mode)
Split/Splitless Pressure /
Injection Port Flow
Controller
Vent
Decrease inlet
7890A GC pressure during Pressure
backflush Controlled Tee
5975C MSD or
7000B MS/MS
Page 49
Backflush with Purged Ultimate Union: Lipid
Peroxidation Products in Blood
4-hydroxy-2,3-nonenal (HNE), an indicator
of oxidative stress, and its metabolite, 1,4-
dihydroxynonene (DHN)
Late eluting
peaks were
quickly
contaminating
the source
Page 50
Backflush with Purged Ultimate Union: Loss of
Response without Backflush
with backflush
without backflush
Page 51
Backflush with Purged Ultimate Union: Loss of
Response without Backflush
with backflush
without backflush
Page 52
Break for
Questions
Page 54
MassHunter Software
Common Workflow for all Mass Spec. applications
ChemStation Translator
Single Quad LC/MS
MassHunter
ChemStation Translator
Single Quad GC/MS (MSD) Quant
and
Qual
LC/MS Acquisition Module modules
Triple Quad LC/MS, LC/TOF, LC/QTOF
MassHunter format
Page 55
MassHunter Data Analysis Applications
One software for all your Agilent MS applications
Page 56
Quantitative Analysis View
Results Information
Page 57
Quantitative Analysis View
Results Information
Compound Information
Page 58
Quantitative Analysis View
Results Information
Compound Information
Calibration Information
Page 59
Results Information:
All Results for batch in one view
Page 60
Results Information:
Detailed compound view
Page 61
Results Information:
Highlight outliers
Page 62
Results Information:
Highlight outliers
Page 63
Results Information :
Simple Metrics – Plot Columns
Page 64
Compound Information:
All relevant information in one view
Page 65
Calibration Curve
Views
QC point
Can include ISTD, QC,
and CC data points on
curve
Point information is
available as pop-up
Page 66
Calibration Curve
Assistant
Page 67
Calibration Curve
Assistant
Compare selected
calibration fit (black) with
proposed (blue).
•Linear
•All points
•Ignore origin
Page 68
Reporting and Data Transfer
Page 69
Productivity of GC/MS/MS
Page 70
Productivity of GC/MS/MS
Page 71
Break for
Questions
Page 73