Abstracts JPGN  Volume 63, Supplement 1, July 2016
a basis we are developing a probiotic formulation that effects of different probiotic strains and a deeper insight into
stimulates the commensal upper respiratory tract microbiota
and inhibits the specific pathogens involved in recurrent ear
and throat infections.
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3. Roos K, Holm SE, Grahn-Håkansson E, Lagergren L.
Recolonization with selected alpha-streptococci for prophy-
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PROBIOTICS FOR THE PREVENTION OF
PEDIATRIC UPPER RESPIRATORY TRACT
INFECTIONS
M. Ozen. Faculty of Medicine, Acibadem University,
Istanbul, Turkey
Acute upper respiratory infections (URTIs) are the most
common reason for physician referral in childhood period
and contribute substantially to pediatric morbidity and
mortality worldwide. Prevention of these infections is a very
important public health challenge. Even a minimal
reduction, 5–10%, in the incidence of URTIs would have
important clinical and economical impact on human race.
An URTI prevention method should be simple, easily-avail-
able, low cost and without adverse reactions. The previous
systematic reviews including adult and childhood popu-
lations reported that probiotics seem promising, but with
modest evidence. The currently available studies suggest that
probiotics in otherwise healthy children have a moderate
effect in prevention of URTIs and diminish the severity of the
infection symptoms. At least one beneficial effect of pro-
phylactic probiotic use either on the incidence of URTIs or
severity of a single episode was observed in the majority of
randomized controlled studies (RCTs).
Furthermore, the long-term administration of probiotics
appeared to have a good safety profile in childhood and
none of the studies did report any serious adverse events
related to probiotic strain. A better understanding of the
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their mechanisms of action are needed. Further RCTs better
study and report biological and microbiological effects of
probiotic strains in order to validate the potential to modify
the frequency and severity of URTIs in infants and children.
MICROBIOTA, PROBIOTICS AND CYSTIC
FIBROSIS
B. Hauser. UZ Brussel, VUB, Brussels, Belgium
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is an inherited multisystemic disease
affecting mainly the respiratory system but also the digestive
system. Chronic inflammation is present in the CF gut and
many CF-related conditions like pulmonary inflammation
are associated with systemic inflammation in which the gut
microbiota may play an important role. There are qualitative
and quantitative changes in the CF gut microbiota charac-
terized by a lower bacterial abundance and species richness
and a higher instability of bacterial abundance. This altered
gut microbiota may affect inflammatory and immune
responses and may be linked to gut inflammation in CF.
Studies with probiotics have been performed in patients with
CF to try to influence the gut microbiota composition to
optimize the microbial interaction with the intestinal mucosa
and consequential immune responses. Studies using Lacto-
bacillus GG, Lactobacillus Reuteri and mixtures of probio-
tics in patients with CF have shown an improvement of the
gut dysbiosis, a decrease of the gut inflammation and a
reduction of the number of pulmonary exacerbations. We
are performing a Belgian multicenter RDBPC cross-over
study in children with CF using a mixture of Lactobacillus
rhamnosus vésalius 001 LMG S-28148 and Bifidobacterium
animalis subsp. lactis vésalius 002 LMG 23512. Before
recommending the use of probiotics as part of standard
treatment in CF patients, larger studies are needed to prove
its efficacy and safety.
PROBIOTICS IN URINARY TRACT INFECTION
Ates Kara. Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine,
Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Infectious Disease,
Ankara, Turkey
Urogenital infections, defined as that affect the bladder,
kidneys, vagina, urethra, periurethra, and cervix, constitute
a worldwide problem that affects both children and adults
especially women. The main clinical outcome is morbidity
and discomfort, in addition in developing world it is the
leading cause of chronic renal disease and also enormous
costs to the health care system for treatment.
Majority (70%) of urinary tract infection (UTI) nonhos-
pitalized community is caused by Escherichia coli, followed
by other enterobacteriaciae and Staphylococcus saprophyti-
cus.
The origin of the uropathogens in uncomplicated UTI is the
fecal flora. The key factor in the development of UTI is the
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