Task 1 - Electromagnetic waves in open media

Individual work

Miguel Sanchez Celis

Group 203058_25

Identification number: 1090453784

UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL ABIERTA Y A DISTANCIA UNAD

Escuela de Ciencias Básicas, Tecnología e Ingeniería

Teoría Electromagnética y Ondas

2020 16-01
 Introduction

In introducing the document's usually described, and a brief explanation or summary thereof
is given. A reader to read the introduction should be able to get an idea about the content of
the text before reading itself. (4 to 10 lines).

Questions: (write with your own words)

1. What do you mean propagation medium open for electromagnetic waves?

R: An open medium for an electromagnetic wave is when it propagates through
a medium without borders or barriers.

2. Within the propagation mediums, what is mean by the tangent of losses?

R: It is a measure of the quality of power cable insulation and allows
classification of dielectric and conductive materials

3. Of what physical variables does the value of the tangent of losses depend?
R: It depends on the conductivity of the material, on the permittivity of the
empty space, on the relative permittivity of the material and on the operating
frequency

4. How are the propagation medium classified from the tangent of losses?
R: According to the tangent of losses they are classified in:
 perfect dielectrics
 perfect drivers
 good insulators
 good electricity conductors
 dissipative dielectrics

5. What are the propagation parameters of the waves through a medium?

R: The propagation parameters are:
 Propagation constant  (gamma).
 Attenuation constant  (Alpha).
 Phase constant  (Beta).
  Intrinsic impedance  (Eta).
 Propagation speed v p .
 Wavelength λ .
 Speed factor f v .
 Refractive index n .

Application exercise: Application exercises:

The following 5-step exercise describes the method to characterize an electromagnetic

wave when propagating in an open environment, for which, each student must choose
1 propagation media of the 5 proposed in Table 1 and announce it within the forum
Task 1 to avoid repetition.
Table 1: Conductivity σ and electrical permittivity ε rof some media.

Media σ [S /m] εr [ ]
1. Copper 5.80 x 107 1
2. Sea water 4 80
3. Vegetable soil 1.00 x 10−2 14
4. Dry soil 1.00 x 10−4 3
5. Sweet water 1.00 x 10−3 80
−12 2 2
ε o=8.8542 x 10 C /N m

1. Calculate the tangent of losses Tan (δ) and the angle of losses δ of the
medium chosen in Table 1, if through it travel an electromagnetic wave E of
frequency f =CCC MHz. Note that CCC are the first 3 digits of your identification
number:

f =109 MHz
σ σ 5.80 x 107 S /m
tan ( δ )= = =
ω ε 2 πf ε r ε o 2 π (109 MHz )(8.854 x 10−12 C2 / N m2)(1)

tan ( δ )=9.565 x 109

 δ =Ta n−1 ( 9.565 x 109 ) =89.999 ≈ 90°

2. According to the result obtained in point 1, classify the behavior of the chosen
medium according to one of the 5 options in Table 2:

Table 2: Classification of propagation media.

R: According to the results obtained from the development of point 1, the medium is
classified as a perfect conductor

3. According to the classification obtained in point 2 and using Table 3 shown

below, calculate the following propagation parameters of the wave in the chosen
medium:
a. Propagation constant  (gamma).
b. Attenuation constant  (Alpha).
c. Phase constant  (Beta).
d. Intrinsic impedance  (Eta).

Table 3: Propagation parameters in open media.

Not Lost low Dielectrics with Good

Parameter
dissipative dielectric losses conductors
 jω √ με jω √ με √ jωμ(σ + j ωε) √ jω σ μo
 0 ση/2 ℜ¿) √ πf σ μ o
 ω √ με ω √ με ℑ() √ πf σ μ o
 √ μ/ε √ μ/ε √ jω μ/( σ+ j ωε) √ jω μo /σ
Υ = √ jwσ μ 0=√ j ( 2 π ( 109 MHz ) ) (5.80 x 107 S /m)(4 πx 10−7 H /m)=1.5798 x 105+ j 1.5798 x 105 m −1

α =√ πfσ μ0= √( π ( 109 MHz ) ) (5.80 x 107 S/m)(4 πx 10−7 H /m)=157.98 x 103 Np/m

β=√ πfσ μ0= √( π ( 109 MHz ) ) (5.80 x 10 7 S/ m)(4 πx 10−7 H /m)=157.98 x 103 rad /m

H
η=√ jω μ o /σ=
√ (
j ( 2 π ( 109 MHz ) ) 4 πx 10−7

(5.80 x 107 S /m)

m ) =0.0027+ j 0.0027 Ω

4. According to the results obtained in point 3 and using the following equations,
calculate the propagation characteristics of the wave in the chosen medium:
a. Propagation speed v p .
b. Wavelength λ .
c. Speed factor f v .
d. Refractive index n .

2 π ( 109 MHz )
vp = =4362.21 m/s
157.98 x 103

2π
λ= =4 x 10−5 m
157.98 x 103

m
4362.21
s
f v= =1.454 x 1 0−5
m
3 x 10 8
s
 1
n= =68772.48
1.454 x 1 0−5

5. According to the parameters obtained in the previous points and knowing that
the maximum value of the E wave is 120 V /m, calculate:
e. The penetration depth of the δ pwave in the medium.
f. The power Potransmitted by the wave in the medium.
g. The % losses of wave amplitude per unit length.

1
δ p= 3
¿ 157.98 x 10 ∨¿=6.329 x 1 0−6 m¿

Po =¿120 v /m∨ ¿ cos θn=¿ 120 v /m∨ ¿ cos 45 °=1.11 W ¿ ¿

2(38,18) 2(38.18)

3 6
(
% losses=( 1−e−2 157.98 x 10
)x
) x 100 %=( 1−e−0.316 x 10 Np/ m( x) ) x 100 %

Conclusions

Conclusion 1:

Conclusion 2:

The conclusions should be written with their own words and should focus on the
concepts explored, learned, discovered and practiced in the development of the
activity, it is suggested to present a conclusion by topic, the result of learning
obtained as evidence of conceptual assimilation.
To obtain a good writing it is suggested to read the written several times, correcting
and adjusting the text until obtaining a clear and coherent postulate. Avoid
superficiality and simplicity.

Bibliography

Bibliography 1:

Examples of bibliography format:

Physical book.
Surname, A., & Surname, B. (Year). Title of the book. (pp. xx-xx). City, Country:
Editorial.

Chapter of a physical book.

Surname, A., & Surname, B. (Year). Title of the chapter or the entry. Title of the book
(pp. xx-xx). City, Country: Editorial.

Ebook.
Surname, A. (Year). Title of the book. (pp. xx-xx). Country: Editorial. Retrieved from
http: // ...

Chapter of an electronic book.

Surname, A., & Surname, B. (Year). Title of the chapter or the entry. Title of the book
(pp. xx-xx). City, Country: Editorial. Retrieved from http: // ...

Internet video.
Surname, N. (Year). Title of the video Video server [Video]. Retrieved from http: // ...