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Understanding Decoherence to promote Quantum Computing Rolando

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Presentation · March 2017

DOI: 10.13140/RG.2.2.24569.31844

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Understanding
Decoherence
to promote
Quantum
Computing

Rolando
Rebolledo
Understanding Decoherence to promote
Introduction

A naive view Quantum Computing

on
decoherence

A naive view
on
decoherence
Rolando Rebolledo
A naive view
on CIMFAV
decoherence Facultad de Ingenierı́a
A naive view Universidad de Valparaı́so
on rolando.rebolledo@uv.cl
decoherence

A naive view
on CCTVal, March 20, 2017
decoherence

A naive view
on
decoherence

The Markov
framework
Splitting the algebra
Classical reductions
Understanding
Decoherence Introduction
to promote
Quantum
Computing

Rolando
Rebolledo

Introduction

A naive view
on
decoherence

A naive view
on
decoherence

A naive view
on
decoherence

A naive view
on
decoherence

A naive view
on
decoherence

A naive view
on
decoherence

The Markov
framework
Splitting the algebra
Classical reductions
Understanding
Decoherence
to promote
Quantum
Computing

Rolando
Rebolledo

Introduction

A naive view
on
decoherence

A naive view
on
decoherence

A naive view
on
decoherence

A naive view
on
decoherence

A naive view
on
decoherence

A naive view
on
decoherence

The Markov
framework
Splitting the algebra
Classical reductions
Understanding
Decoherence
to promote
Quantum
Computing

Rolando
Rebolledo

Introduction

A naive view
on
decoherence

A naive view
Are you sure that works?
on
decoherence

A naive view
on
decoherence

A naive view
on
decoherence

A naive view
on
decoherence

A naive view
on
decoherence

The Markov
framework
Splitting the algebra
Classical reductions
Understanding First ever commercial quantum computer may not be quantum | ExtremeTech 13-04-16 7:58 a.m.

Decoherence
to promote (http://www.extremetech.com)
Quantum
Computing

Rolando
Rebolledo

Introduction

A naive view
on
decoherence

A naive view
on
decoherence HOME (HTTP://WWW.EXTREMETECH.COM) COMPUTING (HTTP://WWW.EXTREMETECH.COM/CATEGORY/COMPUTING)
FIRST EVER COMMERCIAL QUANTUM COMPUTER MAY NOT BE QUANTUM

A naive view First ever commercial quantum computer may not be quantum
on By John Hewitt (http://www.extremetech.com/author/jhewitt) on March 15, 2013 at 3:02 pm
12 Comments (http://www.extremetech.com/computing/150394-first-ever-commercial-quantum-computer-may-not-be-
decoherence quantum#disqus_thread)

A naive view
on
decoherence

A naive view
on
decoherence

A naive view
on
decoherence
http://www.extremetech.com/computing/150394-first-ever-commercial-quantum-computer-may-not-be-quantum Página 1 de 13
The Markov
framework
Splitting the algebra
Classical reductions
Understanding
Decoherence
to promote
Quantum
Computing

Rolando
Rebolledo

Introduction

A naive view
on
decoherence

A naive view
on
decoherence

A naive view
on
decoherence

A naive view
on
decoherence

A naive view
on
decoherence

A naive view
on
decoherence

The Markov
framework
Splitting the algebra
Classical reductions
Understanding
Decoherence
to promote
Quantum
Computing

Rolando
Rebolledo

Introduction

A naive view
on Open problems
decoherence

A naive view
on
• Decoherence?
decoherence
• Entanglement?
A naive view
on
decoherence

A naive view
on
decoherence

A naive view
on
decoherence

A naive view
on
decoherence

The Markov
framework
Splitting the algebra
Classical reductions
Understanding
Decoherence Notations and preliminaries: starting from a
to promote
Quantum
Computing
simple example
Rolando
Rebolledo

Introduction

A naive view  
on
1
decoherence
Consider the space h = C2 and the basis e0 = ,
A naive view 0
on  
decoherence 0
e1 = . Call
A naive view 1
on
decoherence
 
A naive view 0 0
on H = |e1 ihe1 | = .
decoherence 0 1
A naive view
on
decoherence

A naive view
on
decoherence

The Markov
framework
Splitting the algebra
Classical reductions
Understanding
Decoherence
to promote
Quantum
Computing

Rolando
Rebolledo

Introduction
A (closed) quantum dynamics associated to the Hamiltonian
A naive view
on H is defined through a group of unitary operators Ut : h → h
decoherence
given by Ut = exp(−itH), (t ∈ R), that is,
A naive view
on  
decoherence
1 0
Ut = .
A naive view
on 0 e−it
decoherence

A naive view
on
decoherence

A naive view
on
decoherence

A naive view
on
decoherence

The Markov
framework
Splitting the algebra
Classical reductions
Understanding
Decoherence
to promote
Quantum
Computing

Rolando
Rebolledo
Equivalently, the operator H defines an automorphism
Introduction group αt on the algebra L(h) of all linear (bounded)
A naive view
on
operators on h which is isomorphic with M2 (C) the algebra
decoherence
of two by two complex matrices:
A naive view
on
decoherence αt (x) = Ut∗ xUt , (t ∈ R).
A naive view
on
decoherence This is the so called Heisenberg picture of the dynamics,
A naive view while its dual version α∗t (ρ) = Ut ρUt∗ defined on unit trace
on
decoherence operators ρ, bears the name of Schrödinger.
A naive view
on
decoherence

A naive view
on
decoherence

The Markov
framework
Splitting the algebra
Classical reductions
Understanding
Decoherence The nature of a quantum state
to promote
Quantum
Computing

Rolando
Rebolledo

Introduction

A naive view
on
decoherence

A naive view
on
decoherence

A naive view
on
decoherence

A naive view
on
decoherence
States are density matrices, with unit trace
A naive view
on
decoherence

A naive view
on
decoherence

The Markov
framework
Splitting the algebra
Classical reductions
Understanding
Decoherence The nature of a quantum state
to promote
Quantum
Computing

Rolando
Rebolledo

Introduction

A naive view
on
decoherence

A naive view
on
decoherence

A naive view
on
decoherence

A naive view
on
decoherence
States are density matrices, with unit trace
A naive view
on
decoherence

A naive view
on
decoherence

The Markov
framework
Splitting the algebra
Classical reductions
Understanding
Decoherence
to promote
Quantum
Computing

Rolando
Rebolledo
• Observables are linear bounded operators (matrices)
Introduction on the space h
A naive view
on • States are positive linear operators with unit trace
decoherence
• The dynamics is given by a group (or a semigroup) of
A naive view
on
decoherence
transformations on the algebra of observables.
A naive view
on αt = etδ , (closed system)
decoherence

A naive view
on or
decoherence
Tt = etL , (open system)
A naive view
on
decoherence

A naive view
on
decoherence

The Markov
framework
Splitting the algebra
Classical reductions
Understanding
Decoherence
to promote
Quantum
Computing

Rolando
Rebolledo
• Observables are linear bounded operators (matrices)
Introduction on the space h
A naive view
on • States are positive linear operators with unit trace
decoherence
• The dynamics is given by a group (or a semigroup) of
A naive view
on
decoherence
transformations on the algebra of observables.
A naive view
on αt = etδ , (closed system)
decoherence

A naive view
on or
decoherence
Tt = etL , (open system)
A naive view
on
decoherence

A naive view
on
decoherence

The Markov
framework
Splitting the algebra
Classical reductions
Understanding
Decoherence
to promote
Quantum Consider a positive operator with unit trace
Computing

reiθ
 
Rolando p
Rebolledo ρ= ,
re−iθ q
Introduction

A naive view
on
where r > 0, θ ∈ [0, 2π], 0 ≤ r ≤ 1/2 and
decoherence (p − q)2 ≤ 1 − 4r 2 , p, q > 0, p + q = 1.
A naive view
on
The evolution of ρ at time t is then given by
decoherence

rei(t+θ)
 
A naive view
∗ p
on α∗t (ρ) = Ut ρUt = .
decoherence re−i(t+θ) q
A naive view
on
decoherence The generator of the group α∗ (respectively α) is
A naive view δ∗ (ρ) = i[ρ, H], (resp. δ(x) = i[H,x] for allendomorphism x).
on
decoherence p 0
Any diagonal state operator ρ = is invariant, that
A naive view 0 q
on
decoherence is δ∗ (ρ) = 0.
The Markov
framework
Splitting the algebra
Classical reductions
Understanding
Decoherence
to promote
Quantum Consider a positive operator with unit trace
Computing

reiθ
 
Rolando p
Rebolledo ρ= ,
re−iθ q
Introduction

A naive view
on
where r > 0, θ ∈ [0, 2π], 0 ≤ r ≤ 1/2 and
decoherence (p − q)2 ≤ 1 − 4r 2 , p, q > 0, p + q = 1.
A naive view
on
The evolution of ρ at time t is then given by
decoherence

rei(t+θ)
 
A naive view
∗ p
on α∗t (ρ) = Ut ρUt = .
decoherence re−i(t+θ) q
A naive view
on
decoherence The generator of the group α∗ (respectively α) is
A naive view δ∗ (ρ) = i[ρ, H], (resp. δ(x) = i[H,x] for allendomorphism x).
on
decoherence p 0
Any diagonal state operator ρ = is invariant, that
A naive view 0 q
on
decoherence is δ∗ (ρ) = 0.
The Markov
framework
Splitting the algebra
Classical reductions
Understanding
Decoherence
to promote
Quantum
Computing

Rolando
Rebolledo

Introduction

A naive view
on
decoherence

A naive view
on
decoherence

A naive view
on
decoherence

A naive view
on
decoherence

A naive view
on
decoherence

A naive view
on
decoherence

The Markov
framework
Splitting the algebra
Classical reductions
Understanding
Decoherence
to promote
Quantum Now we open the system, that is, interaction with the
Computing
environment is allowed, so that it is embedded as a “small
Rolando
Rebolledo subsystem” in a bigger structure that we call the total
system.
Introduction

A naive view
on
decoherence

A naive view
on
decoherence

A naive view
on
decoherence

A naive view
on
decoherence

A naive view
on
decoherence

A naive view
on
decoherence

The Markov
framework
Splitting the algebra
Classical reductions
Understanding
Decoherence
to promote
Quantum
Computing

Rolando
Rebolledo

Introduction Within this structure, the environment is supposed to be a

A naive view
on “big” subsystem which is in equilibrium, represented by an
decoherence
equilibrium state ρβ . The interaction of our small subsystem
A naive view
on with the environment introduces a perturbation in both of
decoherence
them. We will assume that the environment returns to
A naive view
on equilibrium much faster than the time scale of the small
decoherence
system evolution.
A naive view
on
decoherence

A naive view
on
decoherence

A naive view
on
decoherence

The Markov
framework
Splitting the algebra
Classical reductions
Understanding
Decoherence
to promote
Quantum
Computing

Rolando
Rebolledo

Introduction Within this structure, the environment is supposed to be a

A naive view
on “big” subsystem which is in equilibrium, represented by an
decoherence
equilibrium state ρβ . The interaction of our small subsystem
A naive view
on with the environment introduces a perturbation in both of
decoherence
them. We will assume that the environment returns to
A naive view
on equilibrium much faster than the time scale of the small
decoherence
system evolution.
A naive view
on
decoherence

A naive view
on
decoherence

A naive view
on
decoherence

The Markov
framework
Splitting the algebra
Classical reductions
Understanding
Decoherence
to promote
Quantum
Computing

Rolando
Rebolledo

Introduction

A naive view Given a state ρ on the initial space h, the reduced dynamics
on
decoherence is obtained by performing a limit procedure on the time
A naive view
on
scale evolution of the environment and a partial trace of the
decoherence total dynamics. This is the so called Markov approximation
A naive view
on
of the open system dynamics.
decoherence

A naive view
on
decoherence

A naive view
on
decoherence

A naive view
on
decoherence

The Markov
framework
Splitting the algebra
Classical reductions
Understanding
Decoherence
to promote
Quantum
Computing

Rolando To give a rough picture of the approximation, under suitable

Rebolledo
hypotheses one obtains a limit dynamics U e t defined on the
Introduction space h ⊗ hR , where hR is the Hilbert space associated to
A naive view the reservoir. Then the evolution of the state ρ is given by
on
decoherence the following partial trace on the reservoir variables:
A naive view  
on
decoherence T∗t (ρ) = trR U e∗ .
e t ρ ⊗ ρβ U (1)
t
A naive view
on
decoherence The dual version of the above expression gives the
A naive view
on
evolution Tt (x) of any observable x:
decoherence

A naive view tr (T∗t (ρ)x) = tr (ρTt (x)) , (t ≥ 0).

on
decoherence

A naive view
on
decoherence

The Markov
framework
Splitting the algebra
Classical reductions
Understanding
Decoherence
to promote
Quantum
Computing

Rolando
Rebolledo
It turns out that T above defines a semigroup structure on
Introduction

A naive view
M2 (C). This semigroup (resp. its dual T∗ ) has a generator
on
decoherence
that can be written in the form
A naive view
on L(x) = i[H, x] + D(x), (2)
decoherence

A naive view
on (resp. L∗ (ρ) = i[ρ, H] + D∗ (ρ)), where D (resp. D∗ )
decoherence
represents the dissipation due to the interaction of the
A naive view
on system with the reservoir.
decoherence

A naive view
on
decoherence

A naive view
on
decoherence

The Markov
framework
Splitting the algebra
Classical reductions
Understanding So that, for instance, assume that the dissipation is written
Decoherence
to promote in the so called Gorini-Kossakowski-Sudharshan-Lindblad
Quantum
Computing form (GKSL-form) as follows:
Rolando
Rebolledo 1
D(x) = − (σ+ σ− x − 2σ+ xσ− + xσ+ σ− ), (3)
Introduction
2
A naive view
on
where  
decoherence 0 0
σ+ = ,
A naive view 1 0
on
decoherence
 
0 1
A naive view σ− = .
on 0 0
decoherence

A naive view Notice that σ+ σ− = |e1 ihe1 |. The generator is then

on
decoherence
1
A naive view L(x) = i[|e1 ihe1 |, x]− (|e1 ihe1 |x−2σ+ xσ− +x|e1 ihe1 |). (4)
on 2
decoherence

A naive view And that of the predual semigroup,

on
decoherence
1
The Markov L∗ (ρ) = i[ρ, |e1 ihe1 |] − (|e1 ihe1 |ρ − 2σ− ρσ+ + ρ|e1 ihe1 |).
framework 2
Splitting the algebra
Classical reductions
(5)
Understanding So that, for instance, assume that the dissipation is written
Decoherence
to promote in the so called Gorini-Kossakowski-Sudharshan-Lindblad
Quantum
Computing form (GKSL-form) as follows:
Rolando
Rebolledo 1
D(x) = − (σ+ σ− x − 2σ+ xσ− + xσ+ σ− ), (3)
Introduction
2
A naive view
on
where  
decoherence 0 0
σ+ = ,
A naive view 1 0
on
decoherence
 
0 1
A naive view σ− = .
on 0 0
decoherence

A naive view Notice that σ+ σ− = |e1 ihe1 |. The generator is then

on
decoherence
1
A naive view L(x) = i[|e1 ihe1 |, x]− (|e1 ihe1 |x−2σ+ xσ− +x|e1 ihe1 |). (4)
on 2
decoherence

A naive view And that of the predual semigroup,

on
decoherence
1
The Markov L∗ (ρ) = i[ρ, |e1 ihe1 |] − (|e1 ihe1 |ρ − 2σ− ρσ+ + ρ|e1 ihe1 |).
framework 2
Splitting the algebra
Classical reductions
(5)
Understanding So that, for instance, assume that the dissipation is written
Decoherence
to promote in the so called Gorini-Kossakowski-Sudharshan-Lindblad
Quantum
Computing form (GKSL-form) as follows:
Rolando
Rebolledo 1
D(x) = − (σ+ σ− x − 2σ+ xσ− + xσ+ σ− ), (3)
Introduction
2
A naive view
on
where  
decoherence 0 0
σ+ = ,
A naive view 1 0
on
decoherence
 
0 1
A naive view σ− = .
on 0 0
decoherence

A naive view Notice that σ+ σ− = |e1 ihe1 |. The generator is then

on
decoherence
1
A naive view L(x) = i[|e1 ihe1 |, x]− (|e1 ihe1 |x−2σ+ xσ− +x|e1 ihe1 |). (4)
on 2
decoherence

A naive view And that of the predual semigroup,

on
decoherence
1
The Markov L∗ (ρ) = i[ρ, |e1 ihe1 |] − (|e1 ihe1 |ρ − 2σ− ρσ+ + ρ|e1 ihe1 |).
framework 2
Splitting the algebra
Classical reductions
(5)
Understanding
Decoherence
to promote
Quantum
Computing

Rolando  
Rebolledo
p 0
Now, a diagonal state ρ = is invariant, if and only
Introduction 0 q
A naive view if q = 0 (and p = 1) since
on
decoherence  
A naive view q 0
L∗ (ρ) = .
on
decoherence
0 −q
A naive view
on Define
decoherence
 
1 0
A naive view ρ∞ =
on 0 0
decoherence

A naive view
on
decoherence

A naive view
on
decoherence

The Markov
framework
Splitting the algebra
Classical reductions
Understanding
Decoherence
to promote
Quantum
Computing

Rolando  
Rebolledo
p 0
Now, a diagonal state ρ = is invariant, if and only
Introduction 0 q
A naive view if q = 0 (and p = 1) since
on
decoherence  
A naive view q 0
L∗ (ρ) = .
on
decoherence
0 −q
A naive view
on Define
decoherence
 
1 0
A naive view ρ∞ =
on 0 0
decoherence

A naive view
on
decoherence

A naive view
on
decoherence

The Markov
framework
Splitting the algebra
Classical reductions
Understanding
Decoherence
to promote
Quantum
Computing
Notice that if a matrix x satisfies [x, σ+ ] = [x, σ− ] = 0, then
Rolando
Rebolledo [x, H] = [x, σ+ σ− ]
Introduction = [x, σ+]σ− + σ+ [x, σ− ]
A naive view
on
= 0
decoherence

A naive view This is a sufficient and necessary condition for ergodicity in

on
decoherence this case and one has that for any given state ρ, and any
A naive view
on
matrix x,
decoherence tr(ρ∞ x) = lim tr(T∗t (ρ)x)
A naive view
t→∞
on
decoherence So that
A naive view hej T∗t (ρ)ek i → 0
on
decoherence
if t → ∞, for j 6= k.
A naive view
on Ohh! We become classical! Bye quantum state!
decoherence

The Markov
framework
Splitting the algebra
Classical reductions
Understanding
Decoherence
to promote
Quantum
Computing
Notice that if a matrix x satisfies [x, σ+ ] = [x, σ− ] = 0, then
Rolando
Rebolledo [x, H] = [x, σ+ σ− ]
Introduction = [x, σ+]σ− + σ+ [x, σ− ]
A naive view
on
= 0
decoherence

A naive view This is a sufficient and necessary condition for ergodicity in

on
decoherence this case and one has that for any given state ρ, and any
A naive view
on
matrix x,
decoherence tr(ρ∞ x) = lim tr(T∗t (ρ)x)
A naive view
t→∞
on
decoherence So that
A naive view hej T∗t (ρ)ek i → 0
on
decoherence
if t → ∞, for j 6= k.
A naive view
on Ohh! We become classical! Bye quantum state!
decoherence

The Markov
framework
Splitting the algebra
Classical reductions
Understanding
Decoherence
to promote
Quantum
Computing
Notice that if a matrix x satisfies [x, σ+ ] = [x, σ− ] = 0, then
Rolando
Rebolledo [x, H] = [x, σ+ σ− ]
Introduction = [x, σ+]σ− + σ+ [x, σ− ]
A naive view
on
= 0
decoherence

A naive view This is a sufficient and necessary condition for ergodicity in

on
decoherence this case and one has that for any given state ρ, and any
A naive view
on
matrix x,
decoherence tr(ρ∞ x) = lim tr(T∗t (ρ)x)
A naive view
t→∞
on
decoherence So that
A naive view hej T∗t (ρ)ek i → 0
on
decoherence
if t → ∞, for j 6= k.
A naive view
on Ohh! We become classical! Bye quantum state!
decoherence

The Markov
framework
Splitting the algebra
Classical reductions
Understanding
Decoherence
to promote
Quantum
Computing

Rolando
Rebolledo

Introduction

A naive view
on
decoherence

A naive view
on
decoherence

A naive view
on
decoherence

A naive view
on
decoherence

A naive view
on
decoherence

A naive view
on
decoherence

The Markov
framework
Splitting the algebra
Classical reductions
Understanding
Decoherence
to promote
Quantum
Computing

Rolando
Rebolledo

Introduction

A naive view
on
decoherence

A naive view
on
decoherence

A naive view
on
decoherence

A naive view
on
decoherence

A naive view
on
decoherence

A naive view
on
decoherence

The Markov
framework
Splitting the algebra
Classical reductions
Understanding
Decoherence
to promote
Quantum
Computing

Rolando
Rebolledo
Return to a classical world?
Introduction
Quantum coherences (correlations) Experiments
A naive view eventually disappear
on
decoherence
Is it the fact of dissipation?
A naive view
on Decoherence
decoherence Some structural properties of Open
A naive view Quantum Systems
on
decoherence

A naive view
on
decoherence Living with decoherence
A naive view
on
decoherence

A naive view
on
decoherence

The Markov
framework
Splitting the algebra
Classical reductions
Understanding
Decoherence
to promote
Quantum
Computing

Rolando
Rebolledo
Return to a classical world?
Introduction
Quantum coherences (correlations) Experiments
A naive view eventually disappear
on
decoherence
Is it the fact of dissipation? Environmental decoherence
A naive view
on Decoherence
decoherence Some structural properties of Open
A naive view
Quantum Systems
on
decoherence

A naive view
on
decoherence
Living with decoherence

A naive view
on
decoherence

A naive view
on
decoherence

The Markov
framework
Splitting the algebra
Classical reductions
Understanding
Decoherence
to promote
Quantum
Computing

Rolando
Rebolledo

Introduction Return to a classical world?

A naive view Quantum coherences (correlations)
Experiments
on eventually disappear
decoherence
Is it the fact of dissipation? Environmental decoherence
A naive view Decoherence Algebraic decompositions
on Some structural properties of Open
decoherence Quantum Systems Approximations Stochastic Limit (Markov) Invariant subalgebras

A naive view
on
decoherence Living with decoherence

A naive view
on
decoherence

A naive view
on
decoherence

A naive view
on
decoherence

The Markov
framework
Splitting the algebra
Classical reductions
Understanding
Decoherence
to promote
Quantum
Computing

Rolando
Rebolledo

Introduction Return to a classical world?

A naive view Quantum coherences (correlations)
Experiments
on eventually disappear
decoherence
Is it the fact of dissipation? Environmental decoherence
Decoherence-free and dissipative part
A naive view Decoherence Algebraic decompositions
on Some structural properties of Open Classical Reductions
decoherence Quantum Systems
Approximations Stochastic Limit (Markov) Invariant subalgebras

A naive view
on
decoherence Living with decoherence

A naive view
on
decoherence

A naive view
on
decoherence

A naive view
on
decoherence

The Markov
framework
Splitting the algebra
Classical reductions
Understanding
Decoherence
to promote
Quantum
Computing

Rolando
Rebolledo

Introduction Return to a classical world?

A naive view Quantum coherences (correlations)
Experiments
on eventually disappear
decoherence Is it the fact of dissipation? Environmental decoherence
Decoherence-free and dissipative part
A naive view Decoherence Algebraic decompositions
on Some structural properties of Open Classical Reductions
Quantum Systems
decoherence Approximations Stochastic Limit (Markov) Invariant subalgebras
Measurements
A naive view
Using Classical Statistical Inference
on
decoherence Living with decoherence Estimates on the loss of coherence

A naive view
on
decoherence

A naive view
on
decoherence

A naive view
on
decoherence

The Markov
framework
Splitting the algebra
Classical reductions
Understanding
Decoherence A naive view on decoherence
to promote
Quantum
Computing

Rolando
Rebolledo • h a complex separable Hilbert space with an
Introduction orthonormal basis (en )n∈N .
A naive view • A density matrix ρ is characterized by its components
on
decoherence ρ(m, n) = hem , ρen i.
A naive view
on • If ρt denotes the state of a quantum system at time t,
decoherence
ρt (m, n) are the components of ρt = T∗t (ρ),
A naive view
on • T∗t (·) is a semigroup and ρ is a given initial state. This
decoherence

A naive view
semigroup is defined on the space of density matrices
on
decoherence
I1 (h).
A naive view • The off-diagonal terms ρt (m, n), n 6= m, are called the
on
decoherence coherences.
A naive view
on In a rough version, decoherence means that ρt (m, n) → 0
decoherence
as t → ∞, for n 6= m.
The Markov
framework
Splitting the algebra
Classical reductions
Understanding
Decoherence A naive view on decoherence
to promote
Quantum
Computing

Rolando
Rebolledo • h a complex separable Hilbert space with an
Introduction orthonormal basis (en )n∈N .
A naive view • A density matrix ρ is characterized by its components
on
decoherence ρ(m, n) = hem , ρen i.
A naive view
on • If ρt denotes the state of a quantum system at time t,
decoherence
ρt (m, n) are the components of ρt = T∗t (ρ),
A naive view
on • T∗t (·) is a semigroup and ρ is a given initial state. This
decoherence

A naive view
semigroup is defined on the space of density matrices
on
decoherence
I1 (h).
A naive view • The off-diagonal terms ρt (m, n), n 6= m, are called the
on
decoherence coherences.
A naive view
on In a rough version, decoherence means that ρt (m, n) → 0
decoherence
as t → ∞, for n 6= m.
The Markov
framework
Splitting the algebra
Classical reductions
Understanding
Decoherence A naive view on decoherence
to promote
Quantum
Computing

Rolando
Rebolledo • h a complex separable Hilbert space with an
Introduction orthonormal basis (en )n∈N .
A naive view • A density matrix ρ is characterized by its components
on
decoherence ρ(m, n) = hem , ρen i.
A naive view
on • If ρt denotes the state of a quantum system at time t,
decoherence
ρt (m, n) are the components of ρt = T∗t (ρ),
A naive view
on • T∗t (·) is a semigroup and ρ is a given initial state. This
decoherence

A naive view
semigroup is defined on the space of density matrices
on
decoherence
I1 (h).
A naive view • The off-diagonal terms ρt (m, n), n 6= m, are called the
on
decoherence coherences.
A naive view
on In a rough version, decoherence means that ρt (m, n) → 0
decoherence
as t → ∞, for n 6= m.
The Markov
framework
Splitting the algebra
Classical reductions
Understanding
Decoherence A naive view on decoherence
to promote
Quantum
Computing

Rolando
Rebolledo • h a complex separable Hilbert space with an
Introduction orthonormal basis (en )n∈N .
A naive view • A density matrix ρ is characterized by its components
on
decoherence ρ(m, n) = hem , ρen i.
A naive view
on • If ρt denotes the state of a quantum system at time t,
decoherence
ρt (m, n) are the components of ρt = T∗t (ρ),
A naive view
on • T∗t (·) is a semigroup and ρ is a given initial state. This
decoherence

A naive view
semigroup is defined on the space of density matrices
on
decoherence
I1 (h).
A naive view • The off-diagonal terms ρt (m, n), n 6= m, are called the
on
decoherence coherences.
A naive view
on In a rough version, decoherence means that ρt (m, n) → 0
decoherence
as t → ∞, for n 6= m.
The Markov
framework
Splitting the algebra
Classical reductions
Understanding
Decoherence A naive view on decoherence
to promote
Quantum
Computing

Rolando
Rebolledo • h a complex separable Hilbert space with an
Introduction orthonormal basis (en )n∈N .
A naive view • A density matrix ρ is characterized by its components
on
decoherence ρ(m, n) = hem , ρen i.
A naive view
on • If ρt denotes the state of a quantum system at time t,
decoherence
ρt (m, n) are the components of ρt = T∗t (ρ),
A naive view
on • T∗t (·) is a semigroup and ρ is a given initial state. This
decoherence

A naive view
semigroup is defined on the space of density matrices
on
decoherence
I1 (h).
A naive view • The off-diagonal terms ρt (m, n), n 6= m, are called the
on
decoherence coherences.
A naive view
on In a rough version, decoherence means that ρt (m, n) → 0
decoherence
as t → ∞, for n 6= m.
The Markov
framework
Splitting the algebra
Classical reductions
Understanding
Decoherence A naive view on decoherence
to promote
Quantum
Computing

Rolando
Rebolledo • h a complex separable Hilbert space with an
Introduction orthonormal basis (en )n∈N .
A naive view • A density matrix ρ is characterized by its components
on
decoherence ρ(m, n) = hem , ρen i.
A naive view
on • If ρt denotes the state of a quantum system at time t,
decoherence
ρt (m, n) are the components of ρt = T∗t (ρ),
A naive view
on • T∗t (·) is a semigroup and ρ is a given initial state. This
decoherence

A naive view
semigroup is defined on the space of density matrices
on
decoherence
I1 (h).
A naive view • The off-diagonal terms ρt (m, n), n 6= m, are called the
on
decoherence coherences.
A naive view
on In a rough version, decoherence means that ρt (m, n) → 0
decoherence
as t → ∞, for n 6= m.
The Markov
framework
Splitting the algebra
Classical reductions
Understanding
Decoherence A subject at the cross-road between Physics
to promote
Quantum
Computing
and Mathematics
Rolando
Rebolledo

Introduction

A naive view
on
decoherence

A naive view
on
decoherence

A naive view
on
decoherence

A naive view
on
decoherence

A naive view
on
decoherence

A naive view
on
decoherence

The Markov
framework
Splitting the algebra
Classical reductions
Understanding
Decoherence
to promote
Quantum
Computing

Rolando
Rebolledo

Introduction
• Decoherence and quantum measurements
A naive view
on
decoherence
• Can one find a sub-algebra of observables free of
A naive view decoherence?
on
decoherence • Can one guess the type of classical evolution obtained
A naive view by decoherence?
on
decoherence
• Can one control decoherence to keep states quantum?
A naive view
on
decoherence

A naive view
on
decoherence

A naive view
on
decoherence

The Markov
framework
Splitting the algebra
Classical reductions
Understanding
Decoherence Examples
to promote
Quantum
Computing

Rolando (E1) The quantum damped harmonic oscillator. Here

Rebolledo
h = `2 (N) with its canonical ONB (en )n∈N ; M = L(h).
Introduction Denote a the annihilation, creation (a† ) and number (N)
A naive view
on
operators. We consider a two-level atom, and denote A the
decoherence energy decay rate; ν, the number of thermal excitations; ω,
A naive view
on
the natural (circular) frequency.
decoherence

A naive view
on
decoherence L(x) = i[ωN, x]
A naive view 1  
on
decoherence
− A(ν + 1) a† ax − 2a† xa + xa† a
2
A naive view
1  
on
decoherence
− Aν aa† x − 2axa† + xaa† ,
2
A naive view
on
decoherence for x in a dense subset of M, which is the common domain
The Markov of a and a† .
framework
Splitting the algebra
Classical reductions
Understanding
Decoherence
(E2) A quantum exclusion semigroup. This semigroup
to promote
Quantum
represents the dynamics of a system of fermionic particles
Computing (electrons) disposed on a lattice and pushed to jump to free
Rolando
Rebolledo
positions by the action of the reservoir, composed by
phonons (bosonic particles). Let H0 denotes the
Introduction
Hamiltonian of a single fermionic particle, and H its second
A naive view
on quantization, generating the non-perturbed dynamics of the
decoherence
system of electrons.
A naive view
on The transport of a particle from a site i to a site j, at a rate
decoherence

A naive view
γi,j is described by an operator Li,j defined as
on
decoherence √
A naive view
Li,j = γi,j bj† bi . (6)
on
decoherence
The generator of the QMS in this case is
A naive view
on
decoherence
L(x) = i[H, x]
A naive view
1X
Li,j ∗ Li,j x − 2Li,j ∗ xLi,j + xLi,j ∗ Li,j ,
on

decoherence −
2
The Markov i,j
framework
Splitting the algebra
Classical reductions
Understanding
Decoherence
(E2) A quantum exclusion semigroup. This semigroup
to promote
Quantum
represents the dynamics of a system of fermionic particles
Computing (electrons) disposed on a lattice and pushed to jump to free
Rolando
Rebolledo
positions by the action of the reservoir, composed by
phonons (bosonic particles). Let H0 denotes the
Introduction
Hamiltonian of a single fermionic particle, and H its second
A naive view
on quantization, generating the non-perturbed dynamics of the
decoherence
system of electrons.
A naive view
on The transport of a particle from a site i to a site j, at a rate
decoherence

A naive view
γi,j is described by an operator Li,j defined as
on
decoherence √
A naive view
Li,j = γi,j bj† bi . (6)
on
decoherence
The generator of the QMS in this case is
A naive view
on
decoherence
L(x) = i[H, x]
A naive view
1X
Li,j ∗ Li,j x − 2Li,j ∗ xLi,j + xLi,j ∗ Li,j ,
on

decoherence −
2
The Markov i,j
framework
Splitting the algebra
Classical reductions
Understanding
Decoherence Splitting the algebra
to promote
Quantum
Computing

Rolando
Rebolledo

Introduction

A naive view
on
decoherence • Blanchard-Olkiewicz:
A naive view Algebra of observables=Decoherence-free part ⊕
on
decoherence Dissipative part
A naive view M=N⊕D
on
decoherence
• Dhahri-Fagnola-Rebolledo:
A naive view
on Characterization of N, the decoherence-free part
decoherence

A naive view
on
decoherence

A naive view
on
decoherence

The Markov
framework
Splitting the algebra
Classical reductions
Understanding
Decoherence Algebraic decompositons
to promote
Quantum
Computing

Rolando
Rebolledo
Theorem (Blanchard-Olkiewicz)
Introduction
Given a Quantum Markov Semigroup T defined on the
A naive view
on algebra M = L(h), suppose that there exists a faithful
decoherence
density matrix ρ0 which is sub-invariant with respect to T ,
A naive view
on that is, tr (ρ0 Tt (x)) ≤ tr (ρ0 x) for all x ∈ M, t ≥ 0. Then there
decoherence
exists a decomposition of the algebra, M = N(T ) ⊕ D(T ),
A naive view
on where N(T ) = {x ∈ M : Tt (x ∗ x) = Tt (x)∗ Tt (x), (t ≥ 0)} is
decoherence
a T -invariant von Neumann algebra and D(T ) is an
A naive view
on invariant Banach space such that ϕ(Tt (x)) → 0 as t → ∞
decoherence

A naive view
for all x ∈ D(T ).
on
decoherence Notice that T restricted to N(T ) becomes an automorphism
A naive view group, preserving the quantum nature of states. This
on
decoherence deserves the name of decoherence-free algebra for N(T ).
The Markov
framework
Splitting the algebra
Classical reductions
Understanding
Decoherence Algebraic decompositons
to promote
Quantum
Computing

Rolando
Rebolledo
Theorem (Blanchard-Olkiewicz)
Introduction
Given a Quantum Markov Semigroup T defined on the
A naive view
on algebra M = L(h), suppose that there exists a faithful
decoherence
density matrix ρ0 which is sub-invariant with respect to T ,
A naive view
on that is, tr (ρ0 Tt (x)) ≤ tr (ρ0 x) for all x ∈ M, t ≥ 0. Then there
decoherence
exists a decomposition of the algebra, M = N(T ) ⊕ D(T ),
A naive view
on where N(T ) = {x ∈ M : Tt (x ∗ x) = Tt (x)∗ Tt (x), (t ≥ 0)} is
decoherence
a T -invariant von Neumann algebra and D(T ) is an
A naive view
on invariant Banach space such that ϕ(Tt (x)) → 0 as t → ∞
decoherence

A naive view
for all x ∈ D(T ).
on
decoherence Notice that T restricted to N(T ) becomes an automorphism
A naive view group, preserving the quantum nature of states. This
on
decoherence deserves the name of decoherence-free algebra for N(T ).
The Markov
framework
Splitting the algebra
Classical reductions
Understanding
Decoherence Algebraic decompositons
to promote
Quantum
Computing

Rolando
Rebolledo
Theorem (Blanchard-Olkiewicz)
Introduction
Given a Quantum Markov Semigroup T defined on the
A naive view
on algebra M = L(h), suppose that there exists a faithful
decoherence
density matrix ρ0 which is sub-invariant with respect to T ,
A naive view
on that is, tr (ρ0 Tt (x)) ≤ tr (ρ0 x) for all x ∈ M, t ≥ 0. Then there
decoherence
exists a decomposition of the algebra, M = N(T ) ⊕ D(T ),
A naive view
on where N(T ) = {x ∈ M : Tt (x ∗ x) = Tt (x)∗ Tt (x), (t ≥ 0)} is
decoherence
a T -invariant von Neumann algebra and D(T ) is an
A naive view
on invariant Banach space such that ϕ(Tt (x)) → 0 as t → ∞
decoherence

A naive view
for all x ∈ D(T ).
on
decoherence Notice that T restricted to N(T ) becomes an automorphism
A naive view group, preserving the quantum nature of states. This
on
decoherence deserves the name of decoherence-free algebra for N(T ).
The Markov
framework
Splitting the algebra
Classical reductions
Understanding
Decoherence Extensions
to promote
Quantum
Computing

Rolando
Rebolledo

Introduction

A naive view • Characterization of N(T ) (Dhahri-Fagnola-Rebolledo).

on
decoherence

A naive view N(T ) = {e−itH Lk eitH , e−itH L∗k eitH : k ≥ 1, t ≥ 0}0 .

on
decoherence

A naive view
H is the Hamiltonian of the main dynamics, and the Lk ’s
on
decoherence
are the coefficients of the GKSL form of L, the
A naive view
w ∗ -generator of the semigroup T . (We omit all the
on
decoherence
technical details needed to give a meaning to this in the
A naive view case of unbounded coefficients).
on
decoherence

A naive view
on
decoherence

The Markov
framework
Splitting the algebra
Classical reductions
Understanding
Decoherence Extensions
to promote
Quantum
Computing

Rolando
Rebolledo

Introduction

A naive view • Characterization of N(T ) (Dhahri-Fagnola-Rebolledo).

on
decoherence

A naive view N(T ) = {e−itH Lk eitH , e−itH L∗k eitH : k ≥ 1, t ≥ 0}0 .

on
decoherence

A naive view
H is the Hamiltonian of the main dynamics, and the Lk ’s
on
decoherence
are the coefficients of the GKSL form of L, the
A naive view
w ∗ -generator of the semigroup T . (We omit all the
on
decoherence
technical details needed to give a meaning to this in the
A naive view case of unbounded coefficients).
on
decoherence

A naive view
on
decoherence

The Markov
framework
Splitting the algebra
Classical reductions
Understanding
Decoherence Crossing the border between quantum and
to promote
Quantum
Computing
classical dynamics
Rolando
Rebolledo

Introduction

A naive view Suppose a QMS T be given on L(h). We state two

on
decoherence questions:
A naive view • Does there exist a commutative sub-algebra A
on
decoherence generated by a self-adjoint operator K such that
A naive view
on
Tt (A) ⊂ A? In that case the restriction of T to A is a
decoherence classical Markov semigroup (K reduces T ).
A naive view
on • Does there exist a stationary state ρ which commutes
decoherence
with K ? Is the system ergodic? In that case
A naive view
on hen , T∗t (ρ)em i → 0, for m 6= n, (en )n∈N an ONB of
decoherence

A naive view
K -eigenvectors.
on
decoherence

The Markov
framework
Splitting the algebra
Classical reductions
Understanding
Decoherence Crossing the border between quantum and
to promote
Quantum
Computing
classical dynamics
Rolando
Rebolledo

Introduction

A naive view Suppose a QMS T be given on L(h). We state two

on
decoherence questions:
A naive view • Does there exist a commutative sub-algebra A
on
decoherence generated by a self-adjoint operator K such that
A naive view
on
Tt (A) ⊂ A? In that case the restriction of T to A is a
decoherence classical Markov semigroup (K reduces T ).
A naive view
on • Does there exist a stationary state ρ which commutes
decoherence
with K ? Is the system ergodic? In that case
A naive view
on hen , T∗t (ρ)em i → 0, for m 6= n, (en )n∈N an ONB of
decoherence

A naive view
K -eigenvectors.
on
decoherence

The Markov
framework
Splitting the algebra
Classical reductions
Understanding
Decoherence The appearance of classical semigroups
to promote
Quantum
Computing

Rolando
Rebolledo

Introduction

A naive view
on
decoherence
R.R. :
A naive view
Identification of classical invariant sub-algebras via the
on
decoherence
generator form
A naive view
on ↓
decoherence

A naive view
on Classical dynamics
decoherence

A naive view
on
decoherence

A naive view
on
decoherence

The Markov
framework
Splitting the algebra
Classical reductions
Understanding
Decoherence
to promote
Quantum
Consider a uniformly continuous QMS to avoid
Computing technicalities.
Rolando
Rebolledo Theorem (R.R.)
Introduction If a bounded self-adjoint operator K ∈ M is non-degenerate,
A naive view W ∗ (K ) reduces the norm-continuous quantum Markov
on
decoherence semigroup T if and only if L(x) commutes with K for any
A naive view
on
x ∈ W ∗ (K ). In particular, suppose that
decoherence
(i) [H, K ] ∈ W ∗ (K ), and
A naive view
on
decoherence
(ii) [Lk , K ] = ck Lk , where ck = ck∗ ∈ W ∗ (K ), for all k ∈ N.
A naive view Then W ∗ (K ) reduces the semigroup T .
on
decoherence (This result can be extended to w ∗ -continuous QMS,
A naive view
on
defined through a form-generator. One needs to take care
decoherence of both, domains of operators and the Markovian character
A naive view
on
of the so called minimal semigroup generated by the
decoherence
form-generator).
The Markov
framework
Splitting the algebra
Classical reductions
Understanding
Decoherence
to promote
Quantum
Consider a uniformly continuous QMS to avoid
Computing technicalities.
Rolando
Rebolledo Theorem (R.R.)
Introduction If a bounded self-adjoint operator K ∈ M is non-degenerate,
A naive view W ∗ (K ) reduces the norm-continuous quantum Markov
on
decoherence semigroup T if and only if L(x) commutes with K for any
A naive view
on
x ∈ W ∗ (K ). In particular, suppose that
decoherence
(i) [H, K ] ∈ W ∗ (K ), and
A naive view
on
decoherence
(ii) [Lk , K ] = ck Lk , where ck = ck∗ ∈ W ∗ (K ), for all k ∈ N.
A naive view Then W ∗ (K ) reduces the semigroup T .
on
decoherence (This result can be extended to w ∗ -continuous QMS,
A naive view
on
defined through a form-generator. One needs to take care
decoherence of both, domains of operators and the Markovian character
A naive view
on
of the so called minimal semigroup generated by the
decoherence
form-generator).
The Markov
framework
Splitting the algebra
Classical reductions
Understanding
Decoherence
to promote
Quantum
(E1) The harmonic oscillator. Here N (among others)
Computing
reduces the semigroup. For any bounded function
Rolando
Rebolledo f : N → C,
Introduction
−
L (f (N))(v , |en ihen |u) = −
L (f (N))(|en ihen |v , u)
A naive view
on
decoherence = Lf (n)hv , en ihen , ui,
A naive view
on
decoherence
where,
A naive view
on Lf (n) = λn (f (n + 1) − f (n)) + µn (f (n − 1) − f (n)), (7)
decoherence

A naive view
on That corresponds to the generator of a classical birth and
decoherence
death Markov semigroup, with birth rate λn and death rate
A naive view
on µn :
decoherence

A naive view
on λn = Aν(n + 1), µn = A(ν + 1)n, (n ∈ N). (8)
decoherence

The Markov
framework
Splitting the algebra
Classical reductions
Understanding
Decoherence
to promote
Quantum
Computing (E2) PThe quantum exclusion semigroup Assume that
Rolando supi j γi,j < ∞. Then L(x) is an element of L(h) for all
Rebolledo
x ∈ A(h0 ) and L(·) is the generator of a norm-continuous
Introduction quantum Markov semigroup T on the Fermi C ∗ -algebra.
A naive view
on
This semigroup is extended into a w ∗ continuous QMS
decoherence defined on the whole algebra L(h).
A naive view
on
Moreover, the semigroup is reduced by the algebra W ∗ (H).
decoherence The reduced semigroup T corresponds to a classical
A naive view
on exclusion process with generator
decoherence
X

A naive view
on
Lf (η) = γi,j f (η + 1j − 1i ) − f (η) , (η ∈ S)
decoherence
i,j: η(i)=1,η(j)=0
A naive view
on
(9)
decoherence for all bounded cylindrical function f : S → R, where S is the
A naive view
on
set of occupation numbers.
decoherence

The Markov
framework
Splitting the algebra
Classical reductions
Understanding
Decoherence Decoherence induced by a given measurement
to promote
Quantum
Computing To keep this notion close to the first approach of physicists,
Rolando we consider a reference orthonormal basis E = (en )n∈N .
Rebolledo
Assume that this is a basis of eigenvectors of a
Introduction
non-degenerate self-adjoint operator K with pure point
A naive view
on spectrum .
decoherence

A naive view
on
decoherence

A naive view
on
decoherence

A naive view
on
decoherence

A naive view
on
decoherence

A naive view
on
decoherence

The Markov
framework
Splitting the algebra
Classical reductions
Understanding
Decoherence
to promote
Quantum
Computing

Rolando Denote
Rebolledo
( )
X X
Introduction +
S(K ) = ρ ∈ I1 (h) : ρ = ρn |en ihen |, with ρn = 1 .
A naive view
on n n
decoherence

A naive view
on Definition
decoherence
We say that the quantum Markov semigroup undergoes
A naive view
on decoherence on the state ρ with respect to E if
decoherence w∗
A naive view
co (T∗t (ρ)) ∩ S(K ) 6= ∅. We abbreviate this writing the
on
decoherence
above as (ρ, E)-decoherence, and we drop ρ in the notation
A naive view
if the property holds for any ρ and depends only on the
on
decoherence
basis.
A naive view
on
decoherence

The Markov
framework
Splitting the algebra
Classical reductions
Understanding
Decoherence
to promote
Quantum
Computing Proposition (R.R.)
Rolando Under the above assumptions, let α denote the
Rebolledo
automorphism group induced by K . Suppose that there
Introduction exists a faithful density matrix σ such that
A naive view
on
decoherence tr (σαt (a∗ )b) = tr (σa∗ Tt (b)) , (10)
A naive view
on
decoherence for all a, b ∈ M. Then σ is a faithful stationary state for both
A naive view α and T , and E-decoherence of the semigroup T holds.
on
decoherence

A naive view
Remark
on
decoherence
Another equivalence of the above definition can be phrased
A naive view
in terms of the generator L∗ of the predual semigroup:
on
decoherence
E-decoherence of T holds if and only if there exists a faithful
A naive view density matrix ρ ∈ D(L∗ ) which commutes with K and
on
decoherence
satisfies L∗ (ρ) = 0.
The Markov
framework
Splitting the algebra
Classical reductions
Understanding
Decoherence
to promote
Quantum
Computing

Rolando
Proposition (R.R.)
Rebolledo Assume that (ρ, E)-decoherence of T holds. Suppose in
Introduction addition that the semigroup is ergodic. Then, given any
A naive view density matrix ρ ∈ I1 (h), and n 6= m, it holds
on
decoherence

A naive view hem , T∗t (ρ)en i → 0,

on
decoherence

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as t → ∞.
on
decoherence
Proposition (R.R.)
A naive view
on Suppose that the self-adjoint operator K is non-degenerate
decoherence

A naive view
and that W ∗ (K ) reduces the quantum Markov semigroup T .
on
decoherence
If (ρ, E)-decoherence holds, then the reduced semigroup
A naive view
has a stationary probability measure.
on
decoherence

The Markov
framework
Splitting the algebra
Classical reductions
Understanding
Decoherence
to promote
Quantum
Computing

Rolando
Rebolledo

Introduction
Theorem (R.R.)
A naive view
on Suppose that the self-adjoint operator K is non-degenerate
decoherence

A naive view
and that W ∗ (K ) reduces the quantum Markov semigroup T .
on
decoherence
Assume that there exists a faithful probability density
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(p(λ))λ∈σ(K ) on the spectrum of K which is stationary for the
on
decoherence
reduced semigroup. If for all n ∈ N, L∗ (|en ihen |) commutes
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with K , then E-decoherence holds.
on
decoherence

A naive view
on
decoherence

A naive view
on
decoherence

The Markov
framework
Splitting the algebra
Classical reductions
Understanding
Decoherence
to promote
Quantum
Computing

Rolando
Rebolledo

Introduction

A naive view (E1) The harmonic oscillator The algebra generated by a,

on
decoherence a† and 1 is topologically irreducible, that means that the
A naive view
on
commutant is C1. The birth and death semigroup has a
decoherence faithful invariant probability measure p since λn < µn , for all
A naive view
on
n. So that there is E-decoherence of the semigroup T .
decoherence

A naive view
on
decoherence

A naive view
on
decoherence

A naive view
on
decoherence

The Markov
framework
Splitting the algebra
Classical reductions
Understanding (E2) The quantum exclusion process Here, the elements
Decoherence
to promote of the orthonormal basis are denoted |ηi, η ∈ S. Consider
Quantum
Computing first a density matrix which is of the form p(H), that is:
Rolando X
Rebolledo ρ= p(η)|ηihη|, (11)
Introduction η
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P
on where η 7→ p(η) is a summable function with η p(η) = 1.
decoherence

A naive view
Proposition (R.R.)
on
decoherence A density
Q matrix ρ given by (11) is stationary if
A naive view p(η) = i∈N α(i), for all η ∈ S, where α : N → [0, 1].
on
decoherence Moreover, if
A naive view π(i)γi,j = π(j)γj,i , (i, j ∈ N) (12)
on
decoherence
where π : N → R+ is summable, then
A naive view
on
decoherence π(i)
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α(i) = , (i ∈ N). (13)
on 1 + π(i)
decoherence

The Markov Moreover, T is ergodic and there is E-decoherence of this

framework
Splitting the algebra semigroup.
Classical reductions
Understanding
Decoherence Discussion
to promote
Quantum
Computing

Rolando
Rebolledo Final questions and open problems:
Introduction • Comparison of different notions of decoherence.
A naive view Carbone, Sasso and Umanità have done an important
on
decoherence step forward in this direction, studying a number of
A naive view
on
examples.
decoherence
• Decoherence “before” taking the Markov
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on approximation? (or, decoherence of non-Markovian
decoherence
quantum dynamics?). This is currently being studied,
A naive view
on among others, by a group of experimentalists in
decoherence
Santiago (Jerónimo Maze and collaborators) and in the
A naive view
on Research Center of Photonics and Quantum
decoherence
Information head by Carlos Saavedra in Concepcin.
A naive view
on
decoherence
• Estimates on the loss of coherence?
The Markov
framework
Splitting the algebra
Classical reductions
Understanding
Decoherence
to promote
Quantum
Computing

Rolando
Rebolledo

Introduction • A complete theory on C ∗ -algebras, especially in UHF

A naive view
on algebras.
decoherence
• Living with decoherence: control and statistical
A naive view
on inference. Design of experiments. (Arenas and
decoherence

A naive view
Rebolledo, have done a first contribution to this, by
on
decoherence
analyzing the use of different classical reductions to
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perform classical statistical inference on QMS).
on
decoherence

A naive view
on
decoherence

A naive view
on
decoherence

The Markov
framework
Splitting the algebra
Classical reductions
Understanding
Decoherence References
to promote
Quantum
Computing L. Accardi, Y.G. Lu and I. Volovich,Quantum Theory and its Stochastic Limit, Springer-Verlag, 2002.

Rolando M. Arenas and R. Rebolledo: Can one validly use classical statistical inference in Open Quantum
Rebolledo
Systems?, Open Systems and Inf. Dynamics, vol. 17, number 4, 311-330, 2010.

Introduction A. Barchielli and M. Gregoratti:Quantum Trajectories and Measurements in Continuous Time. The
Diffusive Case, Springer Berlin-Heidelberg, Lecture Notes in Physics 782, 2009.
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on Ph. Blanchard and R. Olkiewicz: Decoherence induced transition from quantum to classical dynamics,
decoherence Rev. Math. Phys., 15, 217-243, 2003.
A naive view Blanchard, Ph, Hellmich, M., ?ugiewicz, P., & Olkiewicz, R. (2007). Quantum dynamical semigroups for
on
decoherence finite and infinite Bose systems. Journal of Mathematical Physics, 48(1), 012106.
doi:10.1063/1.2406053
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Blanchard, Philippe, & Hellmich, M. (2012). Decoherence in infinite quantum systems. AIP Conference
on
decoherence Proceedings, 215. doi:10.1063/1.4746056

A naive view M. Brune et al.: Phys. Rev. Lett., 77, 4887, 1996.
on
decoherence R. Carbone, E. Sasso and V. Umanità: Decoherence for positive semigroups on M2 (C). Journal of
Math.Phys.,vol. 52,032202, 2011.
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on G. Dell Antonio: On Decoherence, J.Math.Phys., 44, 4939-49-56, 2003
decoherence

A naive view F. Fagnola and R. Rebolledo.

on The approach to equilibrium of a class of quantum dynamical semigroups.
decoherence Inf. Dim. Anal. Q. Prob. and Rel. Topics, 1(4):1–12, 1998.

The Markov F. Fagnola and R. Rebolledo.

framework On the existence of invariant states for quantum dynamical semigroups.
Splitting the algebra J.Math.Phys., 42, 1296-1308, 2001.
Classical reductions
Understanding
Decoherence F. Fagnola and R. Rebolledo. Transience and recurrence of quantum Markov semigroups. Probab.
to promote Theory and Relat.Fields, 126, 289-306, 2003.
Quantum
Computing F. Fagnola, A. Dahrhi and R. Rebolledo: The Decoherence-free Subalgebra of a Quantum Markov
Rolando Semigroup on B(h), QP-PQ, vol XXVII, World Scientific Singapore, 131-147, 2011.
Rebolledo
F. Fagnola, A. Dahrhi and R. Rebolledo: The Decoherence-free sub-algebra of a Quantum Markov
Semigroup with unbounded generator, Inf. Dim. An. Quantum Probability and Related Topics, vol. 13,
Introduction number 3, 413-433, 2010.
A naive view D. Giulini et al.: Decoherence and the Appearance of a Classical world in Quantum Theory, Springer,
on
Heidelberg, 1996.
decoherence
Hellmich, M. (2011). Quantum Dynamical Semigroups and Decoherence. Advances in Mathematical
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on Physics, 2011, 116. doi:10.1155/2011/625978
decoherence
C.J. Myatt et al.: Nature, 403, 269, 2000.
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on R. Rebolledo: Decoherence of quantum Markov semigroups. Ann. Inst. H. Poincaré Probab. Statist.,
decoherence 41(3):349–373, 2005.
A naive view R. Rebolledo: A view on decoherence via master equations.
on
decoherence Open Syst. Inf. Dyn., 12(1):37–54, 2005.

A naive view R. Rebolledo and D. Spehner: Adiabatic limits and quantum decoherence, , Proceedings of Stochastic
on Analysis in Mathematical Physics, World Sci., ISBN-13 978-981-279-154-2, (2007), 94–108.
decoherence
R. Rebolledo: Unraveling Open Quantum Systems: Classical Reductions and Classical Dilations of
A naive view Quantum Markov Semigroups, Confluentes Mathematici, vol. 1, (2009), 123–167.
on
decoherence W.T. Strunz: Decoherence in Quantum Physics, in Coherent Evolution in Noisy Environments,
The Markov A.Buchleitner and K.Hornberger (eds.), Lect. Notes in Physics, Springer-Verlag, vol. 611, 199-233,
framework 2002.
Splitting the algebra
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