Exercise: Solve the following integral

 dx
x 2 1

This integral will be solved by the Method of Partial Fractions

Factorizing the denominator x 2  1  x  1x  1

So the rational expression is now turning into

1
 A
 B
x 2 1 x1 x1

We operate with the sum of fractions and if the denominator are equal, so do the
numerators

Then...

Ax  1  Bx  1  1

Giving values to "x" in spite of expand the expressions and form a system of
equations

If x  1

B1  1  1  2B  1  B  1
2

If x  1

A1  1  1  2A  1  A   12

Now with this values, the integral is complete and it can be represent as a sum of
integrals which both are immediate

1 1
 dx
  x12  2
dx   12  dx
 1
 dx
x 2 1 x1 x1 2 x1

These integrals are a natural logarithm, then...

  12 ln|x  1|  1
2
ln|x  1|  C ---> This is the result

But... Applying logarithms laws or properties of logarithms, we can make a

simplification

 1
2
ln x1
x1
C