‘Chaptes 4 Basics of Fiaid Flow PROBLEM SELECTION GUIDE ‘Sec, Exer/Prob Units Difficulty Length Parts Similar Special features 43 Steady Flow and Uniform Flow x43. ON E < f 4.5 Flow Rate and Mean Velocity X45. N Easy Short 1 Integration 45.2 BG VEsy Shot 1 453 SI Easy = Shot 1 PAL 454 BG Easy Shot 14.5.5 455 SI Easy = Shon 14.5.4 PA BG Bey) | Shot | 1 45.9) 42 BG Easy = Shon 14.3 Uses pu = RT (See. 2.7) 43 SI Easy Short, = 14.2, $4.1 Uses pu = RT (Sec. 2.7) 44 BG Medium Long 14.5 Graphical solution 4s SI Medinm Long 1 4.4 Graphical solution 4.7 Equation of Continuity BG = Medium Medium = 1 Numerical differentiation 4.10 Use and Limitations of Flow Net X410.1 SI Medium = Short 1 4302 Sl Easy = Shot 1 +t Measure Fig X4.10.2 410.3 BG Easy Medium 2 + Measure Fig 4.10 4104 SI Easy Medium = 2 + Measure Fig 4.12 P48 = BG = Medium Medium 49 + Measure Fig X4,10.2 49 SI Medium Medium 48 + Measure Fig X4.10.2 1 1 1 1 4.10 N Medium Medium 411 BG Hard Long +t Measure Fig 4.10; plot Sketch flow net; plot Jeoat... ‘For all Exercises (identified by °X"), answers are given is Appendix F of the textbook. + Answers are sensitive to values that are measured from fqgures. X = Exercise, P = (end-of-chapter) Problem, S = Sample Problem.66 ‘4.12 Velocity and Acceleration in Steady Flow X4.121 oN VEasy VSbort 1 4122 N Medium Short 1 4.123 N Medium Medium 1 4.12.4 4.124 N Medium Medium 1 4.12.3 4.125 N Medium Medium 1 4.126 BG VEasy VShor 1 4.12.7 4.12.7 SI VEay VShon 1 4.12.6 4.128 BG Medium Medium 1 4.12 Differentiation P4l2 SI Medium Short 1. «4.12.8 Differentiation 413 N Medium = Medium = 1 Partial differentiation 4i4 N Medium Medium = 1 Sketch flow field 415 N Medium Medium = 1 ‘Sketch flow field 4.16 N= Medium Long 1 Sketch flow field; numerical differ'n 4.17 BG Medium = Medium = 1 Numerical differentiation 4.18 St Medium Medium 1 + Measure Fig P4.18; numerical differ’. 4.13 Velocity and Acceleration in Unsteady Flow X413.1 N Medium Short 1 Differentiation 4.13.2 N Medium Short 1 Partial differentiation 413.3 BG Easy Short, = 1.«4.13.4—_Differentiation 4.13.4 SI Easy Shor’ = 1 «4.13.3. Differentiation P4.19 BG Medium = Medium 1 4.20 Partial differentiation 4.20 ‘SI Medium Medium 1 4.19 Partial differentiation 421 SI Medium = Medium 1 Measure Fig P4.18; numerical differ'n Ch4 Miscellaneous P 422 N Medium Medium 1 Plot 423° BG = Medium «Medium 1 Plot 4.24 SI Medium Long = 3 PlotSec. 4.6 67 Chapter 4 BASICS OF FLUD@LOW Sec 4.3: Steady Flow and Uniform Flow — Exercise (/) 43.1 Classify the following cases of flow as to whether they are steady or unsteady, uniform of nonuniform: (a) ‘water flowing from a tilted pail; (2) flow from a rotatieg lawn spritler; (c) flow through the hose leading to the sprinkler; (d) a natural stream during dry-weather flow; (¢) a natural stream during flood; () flow in a city water-distribution main through a straight section of constant diameter with no side connections. (Note: There is room for legitimate argument in some of the above cases, which should stimulate independent thought.) (@ Unsteady, nonuniform; (b) Unsteady (although steay with respect to rotating frame of reference), somuniform: (©) Steady, uniform; (4) Alnot steady, nenuiform; () Unsteady, nonuniform; () Unsteay, See 4.5: Flow Rate and Mean Velocity — Exercises (4) 45.1 N 45.2 453 In the laminar flow of a fluid through ca pipe of circular cross section the velocity profile is exactly a true ‘Parabola. The volume of the paraboloid represents the rate of discharge. Prove that for this case the ratio Of the mean velocity to the maximum velocity is 0.5. A gas (y = 0.05 Ibfft’) flows at a rate of 0.8 lb/sec pest section A through a long rectangular duct of uniform cross section 1.2 by 1.8 ft. At section B some distance along the duct the gas weighs 0.08 lb/ft. ‘What is the average velocity of fiow at sections A and 6? = Tales < &,__ 98 __ yA 005(12x 1.8) -_ 08 _, 4° Gpaaxiy "AO The velocity of a liquid (s = 1.4) in a 150-mm pipeling is 0.8 m/s. Calculate the rate of flow in Lis, mls, keels, and IN/s. Bg. 4.3: Q = AV = (0.0757x08 = 0.01414 ms = 0.014 14 (m/s) x 10° (Lim?) = 14.148 From Eqs. 4.4 and 4.3: at = pQ = (1.4 x 1000)0.084 14 = 19.79 kgls 4 From Eqs. 4.5 and 4.3: G = 9Q = (14 X 9.81)0.018 14 = 0.1962 KNis