KONSEP TEKNOLOGI

INFORMASI (KTI)

„ By : Solikin WS.
„ Solikin2004@yahoo.com

Handout-PTI-STMIK-ABG
7/3/2008 by.sws 1
COMPONENT OF INFORMATION
TECHNOLOGY (IT)

1. Hardware (H/W)
2. Software (S/W)
3. Brainware (B/W)
4. Databases
5. Telecommunication and The Internet

Handout-PTI-STMIK-ABG
7/3/2008 by.sws 2
COMPONENT OF INFORMATION
TECHNOLOGY (IT)

1. T-echnoware (H/W, S/W, Network)

2. I-nfoware (Data dan Informasi)
3. O-rganware (Prosedur & Organisasi)
4. H-umanware (User/Brainware)

Handout-PTI-STMIK-ABG
7/3/2008 by.sws 3
HARDWARE (H/W)
„ What is a Computer System?
„ The Evolution of Computer H/W
„ Types of Computers
„ The Microprocessor and Primary Storage
„ Input/Output Devices

Handout-PTI-STMIK-ABG
7/3/2008 by.sws 4
What is a Computer System?
„ Computer H/W is composed of the
following components :
„ CPU (Central Processing Unit)
„ Input Device
„ Output Device
„ Primary Storage
„ Secondary Storage and
„ Communication Devices
Handout-PTI-STMIK-ABG
7/3/2008 by.sws 5
What is a Computer System?
INPUT OUTPUT
DEVICE CPU DEVICE

bus bus
CU ALU

COMMUNICATI
PRIMARY STORAGE
ON DEVICE

bus bus
SECONDARY
External
STORAGE
Network

Handout-PTI-STMIK-ABG
7/3/2008 by.sws 6
The Framework of the
Computer
„ The INPUT DEVICES accept data and instructions and
convert them to a form that the computer can understand
„ The OUTPUT DEVICE present data in a form people can
understand
„ The PRIMARY STORAGE (internal storage) temporarily
stores data and program instructions during processing
„ The SECONDARY STORAGE (external) stores data and
program for future use
„ Finally, the COMMUNICATION DEVICE provide for the flow
of data from external computer networks (e.g. internet,
intranet) to the CPU and from CPU to computer network

Handout-PTI-STMIK-ABG
7/3/2008 by.sws 7
Kerangka Kerja Komputer
„ Alat Masukan (INPUT DEVICES) merupakan alat untuk
menerima data dan instruksi sekaligus mengkonversinya ke
dalam bentuk yang dapat dimengerti oleh komputer
„ Alat Keluaran (OUTPUT DEVICE) merupakan alat untuk
menampilkan data yang dapat dimengerti oleh user
„ Alat Penyimpanan Utama (PRIMARY STORAGE / internal
storage) merupakan alat untuk menyimpan data tapi bersifat
sementara (temporary) dan instruksi program selama proses
„ Alat Penyimpanan Sekunder (The SECONDARY STORAGE /
external storage) merupakan alat untuk menyimpan data dan
program secara permanen / tetap (fixed) yang dapat di akses di
kemudian hari.
„ Alat Komunikasi (the COMMUNICATION DEVICE) merupakan
alat untuk mengalirkan data dari jaringan komputer eksternal
(e.g. internet, intranet) ke CPU dan sebaliknya.
Handout-PTI-STMIK-ABG
7/3/2008 by.sws 8
Representing Data, Pictures, Time
and Size in a Computer

1. Representing Data
2. Representing Picture
3. Representing Time and Size of Bytes

Handout-PTI-STMIK-ABG
7/3/2008 by.sws 9
1. Representing Data
„ Binary Digit (bit) : 0 or 1 (“on” or “off”)
„ Bit represent specific characters : LETTERS, NUMBERS, and
SPECIAL SYMBOLS is known as a BYTE.
„ 1 byte = 8 bits or 28 = 256 unique character
„ Coding :
„ ASCII (American National Standard code for Information
Interchange)
„ EBCDIC (Extended Binary Coded Decimal Interchange Code), by
IBM
„ Table : EBCDIC and ASCII

Handout-PTI-STMIK-ABG
7/3/2008 by.sws 10
Kode BCD
DESIMAL KODE BCD
0 0 0 0 0
1 0 0 0 1
2 0 0 1 0
3 0 0 1 1
4 0 1 0 0
5 0 1 0 1
6 0 1 1 0
7 0 1 1 1
8 1 0 0 0
9 1 0 0 1
10
11
12
13
14
15

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ASCII Table

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Extended ASCII Codes

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2. Representing Picture
„ Representing pictures by a GRID
„ The Computer measures the color (or light level) of each cell
of the grid.
„ The unit measurement of this is called a PIXEL
„ e.g. : pixel representation of the letter “A”
0 0 1 0 0

0 1 0 1 0

1 0 0 0 1

1 0 0 0 1

1 1 1 1 1

1 0 0 0 1

Pixel Diagram Input Code

Handout-PTI-STMIK-ABG
7/3/2008 by.sws 14
3. Representing Time and
Size of Bytes
Representing Time :
„ Millisecond = 1/1000 seconds
„ Microsecond = 1/1,000,000 seconds
„ Nanosecond = 1/1,000,000,000 seconds
„ Picosecond = 1/1,000,000,000,000 seconds

Size is measured by the number of bytes,

common measures are:
„ Kilobyte (KB) = 1000 bytes (actually 1024)
„ Megabyte (MG)= 1000 kilobytes = 106 bytes
„ Gigabyte (GB) = 109 bytes
„ Terabyte (TB) = 1012 bytes

Handout-PTI-STMIK-ABG
7/3/2008 by.sws 15
 The Evolution of Computer
Hardware (2)
Generation

Feature 1st 2nd 3rd 4th(early) 4th (1988)

Circuitry Vacuum tubes Transistor IC LSI and VLSI ULSI

Primary Storage 2 KB 64 KB 4 MB 16 MB 64 MB

Cyle Times 100 millisecs 10 microsecs 500 nanosecs 800 picosecs 2000 picosecs

Turban,IT For Management, 2nd, 199,699

IC = Integrated Circuit
SLI = Small Scale Integration
MSI = Medium Scale Integration
LSI = Large Scale Integration
VLSI= Very Large Scale Integration
ULSI = Ultra Large Scale Integration
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The Evolution of Computer
Hardware(3)

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7/3/2008 by.sws 17
The Evolution of Computer
Hardware(4)
„ Fifth-Generation Computers
„ First generatioan : based on Von Neumann
Architecture -> processed information
sequentially, one instruction a time.
„ Fifth-Generation : uses massively parallel
processing -> process multiple instructions
simultaneously (trillion point operations per
second-a teraflop).
„ Afloating point operation (flop) is a basic
computer arithmetic operation (addition,
substraction, include decimal point)

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7/3/2008 by.sws 18
The Evolution of Computer
Hardware(5)
„ Future-Generation Computers
„ Two major innovations are in experimental
stages:
„ DNA Computres : process in parallel and are
potentially twice as fast as today’s fastest
supercomputers. DNA Computers have storage
densities of one bit second per cubic nanometer,
a trillion times less space.
„ Optical Computers : uses “optoelectronic”,
process information several hundred times faster
than current computers.

Handout-PTI-STMIK-ABG
7/3/2008 by.sws 19
The Evolution of Computer
Hardware(6)
„ Types of Computers
„ Supercomputers
„ Mainframes
„ Minicomputers
„ Workstation
„ Microcomputers
„ Desktop personal computer (laptop computers, notebooks)
„ Palmtop computers
„ PDA (Personal Digital Assistant)
„ Smart Cards
„ Network Computer and Terminals
„ Network Computers
„ Windows-Based Terminals(WBTS

Handout-PTI-STMIK-ABG
7/3/2008 by.sws 20