PETITIONER

1. Hon’ble Justice Venkata Chaliah said that“in such areas of

experimental legislation what is constitutionally valid and what is
constitutionally invalid is marked by a ‘hazy grey line’ and thus
there is no litmus test of constitutionality”
2. The word "Basic Structure" is not mentioned in the constitution of India. The concept developed
gradually with the interference of the judiciary from time to time to protect the basic rights of
the people and the ideals and the philosophy of the constitution

The basic features of the Constitution are as follows:

1. Supremacy of the constitution

2. Republican and democratic form of government
3. Secular character of the constitution
4. Federal character of the constitution
5. Separation of power
6. Unity and Sovereignty of India
7. Individual freedom

3. Indira Gandhi Vs. Raj Narain, 4. The Supreme Court reaffirmed

1975 its concept of basic structure

5. 6.

8. The concept of basic structure

was further developed by
adding 'judicial review' and
7. Minerva Mills Vs. Union of
the 'balance between
India, 1980
Fundamental Rights and
Directive Principles' to the
basic features

9. Kihoto hollohan Vs. Zachillhu, 10. 'Free and fair elections' was
1992 added to the basic features

11. Indira Sawhney Vs. Union of 12. 'Rule of law, was added to the
India, 1992 basic features

14. Federal structure, unity and

integrity of India, secularism,
13. S.R Bommai vs Union of India,
socialism, social justice and
1994
judicial review were
reiterated as basic features

15.