THE CULTURAL HERITAGE OF PAKISTAN INTRODUCTION PAKISTAN, as a new state, is barely five years old, but as Dr. Mortimer Wheeler has shown in his Five Thousand Years of Pakistan, its roots lie deep in antiquity. Pakistan has been truly a cradle of civilization, The excavations at Moenjo Daro in Sind and at Harappa in the Punjab are as yet incomplete, but they are enough to show that a high level of civilization flour- ished in what is now Pakistan centuries before the Aryans came to: this sub-continent, After that, Taxila became a great centre of Buddhist ‘and later of the Indo-Greek civilization. Islam’ entered the areas that are now’ Pakistan about 1200 years ago, when Sind and Multan were occupied by. Muslim Arabs in 711 A.D. and since then these regions have remained predomitiently Muslim. Peshawar and Lahore were occupied by Muslims from the north three centuries, later, when Lahore became ‘‘Ghaznin-i-Khurd”, a replica of the splendid capital of Sultan Mahmud Ghazni. After the Muslim conquest of northern India at the end of the twelfth century, the Islamic influence in -the Indo-Pakistan sub-continent centred round Delhi, but even then Multan, Lahore, Peshawar, and Sonargaon (near modern Dacca) retained their impor and many of families who contributed most to Muslim culture in the cay came from these places. The founders of the three dynasti whicl h ruled in Delhi the Tughlugs yids the Lo n, and the g