ABSTRACT

A Smart city is an urban area that uses different types of electronic Internet of
Things (IoT) sensors to collect data and then use these data to manage assets and resources
efficiently. This includes data collected from citizens, devices, and assets that is processed and
analyzed to monitor and manage traffic and transportation systems, power plants, water supply
networks, waste management, crime detection, information systems, schools, libraries, hospitals,
and other community services.
The Smart city concept integrates information and communication technology (ICT), and
various physical devices connected to the IoT network to optimize the efficiency of city
operations and services and connect to citizens. Smart city technology allows city officials to
interact directly with both community and city infrastructure and to monitor what is happening in
the city and how the city is evolving.
ICT is used to enhance quality, performance and interactivity of urban services, to reduce
costs and resource consumption and to increase contact between citizens and government. Smart
city applications are developed to manage urban flows and allow for real-time responses. A
Smart city may therefore be more prepared to respond to challenges than one with a simple
"transactional" relationship with its citizens. Yet, the term itself remains unclear to its specifics
and therefore, open to many interpretations.
Most of the world's population today lives in cities. By 2030, the population of the cities
around the world is expected to grow from 3.3 billion to 5 billion people. In Israel, about 6
million people live in urban areas. Due to resource constraints, there will be a problem in the
future to provide all the services to the residents.
To continue to serve and improve the standard of living of the growing population, it is
necessary to develop smart cities. The Smart City aims to make optimal and sustainable use of
all resources, while maintaining an appropriate balance between social, environmental and
economic costs. In the Smart City, maximum use is made of ICT to improve the functioning,
management, and supervision of the variety of systems and services, with an emphasis on saving
energy, water, land and other natural resources.
The main categories that define smart cities include the quality of the environment,
energy, water and wastewater, transportation and traffic, information and communication
systems, quality of life, government, economics, human resources, housing and land use,

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homeland security, and emergency preparedness. The degree of preparedness of the city for the
collapse of the municipal systems, whether as a result of state security or natural disasters,
should also be taken into account. In order to manage and promote the issue in Israel, the Smart
City Administration was established two a half years ago, at the initiative of the Ministry of
Energy.
The Administration will have a representative of each government office and each office
will have a team to work on the issue. The Administration will determine where resources will
be invested and which projects will be promoted. There are many advantages in promoting smart
cities in terms of national benefits: creating competitiveness, promoting the business sector,
improvement of living standards, proper utilization of resources, and the like.
There are examples of smart cities in the world, and a lot can be learned from their
experience and achievements. Israel has unique conditions, which include an educated populace,
widespread use of information systems, and the fact that cities are not very large. However,
Israel also faces quite complicated challenges, such as a severe shortage of land, a problematic
security situation, and excessive concentration of the population.
In a debate, the Forum participants expressed the opinion that the proper planning of a
City requires a holistic approach that coordinates the various branches. The city has to be looked
at as a living organism, of which all the systems have to work in coordination with each other in
order that it should continue to live. A wide variety of subjects has to be dealt with, as described
above, and these pose serious challenges. For this purpose, a methodology of holistic thinking
has to be developed and an extensive and inclusive thought process is required. The city has to
be built as a body, with the work progressing at each stage, not in parallel but as a network with
back and forth correlations.

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 CHAPTER-2
INTRODUCTION
The actual high level of urbanization is presenting a serious challenge for the sustainable
development of our cities. Urban areas are responsible for considerable world‟s energy
consumption and greenhouse gas net emissions.1 Urbanization leads to the continuing expansion
of urban areas and urban sprawl, reducing the land available for other uses. This urbanization is
often uncontrolled, creating and expanding informal settlements, whose residents may lack
security of tenure and social and physical infrastructure. Furthermore, cities, the way they are
planned, are not prepared for the ongoing demographic changes, such as the rapid ageing of the
population in Western Europe. Globally a large share of the population does not have access to
affordable housing.
This situation with all the mentioned challenges that urban areas face, has the potential to
become critical and irreversible if not acted upon soon. At the same time, approaches to urban
development, if aptly and timely rethought and put into practice, have the potential to become
the driving force underpinning sustainable development.
Much attention has been devoted in recent years to the topic of “smart cities”. Multiple
programmes have been successfully implemented in large cities in different parts of the world,
including, for instance, in European cities of Amsterdam, London, Vienna; a rough mapping of
smart cities in the European Union (EU) was conducted.2 The EU is implementing the European
Innovation Partnership on Smart Cities and Communities (EIP), which is a large-scale mapping
and coordination exercise of smart cities within the EU.3 The implemented programmes
continuously demonstrate great possibilities of the application of innovative, technologies and
solutions in cities. They also have shown the importance of partnerships between national, local
governments and private sector towards promoting smart urban solutions.
For small and medium-sized cities, which have limited access to financial resources, it is
much more difficult to promote smart city solutions. Countries with economies in transition
where access to financial resources for investment into innovative technologies is limited are not
part of those initiatives. At the same time, those countries would benefit the most from the
application of the smart cities approaches; they can “leapfrog” in the quality and diversity of
services they provide to their inhabitants

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 A Smart City should be implemented for the citizens‟ considering their challenges and
using technology resolve these challenges. To maximize the benefits different ICT technology
based solutions may be map ped to meet citizen needs. A clear understanding of the challenges
will help analyze, implement and prioritize to design smart solutions. Figure 1: Smart City
citizen engagement framework Source: Frost & Sullivan Key aspects of developing a smart city
strategic plan are to have a vision and mission. Step by step, the guiding principles, framework
have to be discussed by the stakeholders. Based on the ecosystem and leveraging role of ICT,
smart infrastructure solutions have to be implemented using innovative financing strategies.
Definitions Among the many definitions in the literature for smart cities is a definition developed
by authors of a Focus Group on Smart Sustainable
Cities (FG-SSC) of the International Telecommunications Union – (ITU): “A smart
sustainable city is an innovative city that uses information and communication technologies
(ICTs) and other means to improve quality of life, efficiency of urban operation and services,
and competitiveness, while ensuring that it meets the needs of present and future generations
with respect to economic, social, environmental as well as cultural aspects.
A Smart City Strategic plan is essential and critical for any Smart City Planning and
Development. It is a high level planning tool for the long term to guide stakeholders and
governments achieve their objectives by establishing an appropriate mission and vision.
Important infrastructure elements that work together with the Smart City framework are
described so that a realistic approach towards implementation is In this paper, the authors
propose a Step by Step Approach towards Planning a Smart Sustainable City.
Utilizing a strategic planning approach for developing smart cities by governments
helps in the completion and implementation of the smart city project. Along with operational
plans, master plans for urban planning and digital/ICT infrastructure are presented. Smart
Infrastructure solutions such as “Smart” Transport, Energy, Water, Waste, Security, Education
and Healthcare are discussed. A citizen centric approach to meet a smart city resident needs will
enhance the Smart City citizens‟ quality of life. Prioritizing the needs, solving the challenges and
addressing financial constraints by Public Private Partnership models are recommended. A
successful smart city operation is accomplished by a step by step approach using different
technological solutions available today.

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 The Smart City Strategic Plan has to be constantly upgraded based on the feedback,
inputs and progress. Strategic Plan is NOT A Strategic Plan is not an advocacy document. It is
also not for recommendations for Specific technologies or vendors or Smart City Masterplan or
implementation/master plans. Develop a Vision and Mission for Your Smart City No two cities
are alike. Therefore, the Vision and Mission for any smart city will be very specific and unique
to that particular city. The context, situation, conditions, needs, aspirations and goals for a city
play a major role in developing the vision and mission and must be considered very strongly.
The vision for a Smart City will need to be based on local conditions but will still need to
be aligned to the city and national plan. Vision An example, vision statement is: “A Smart City
that leverages the foundations of good Urban Planning, ICT Technologies, Open Data,
Transparent Governance, will create a vibrant, people-centric, connected and economically
prosperous international city”.
Mission Smart City goals and the direction to follow to achieve these goals are a
mission statement. An example mission statement is: “A technologically superior place to live
and work acting as an economic hub, integrated with ICT technologies for lifestyle management
of citizens, business, research and development. Encourages competitive growth and innovation
with environmental sustainability and conservation of resources while simultaneously fostering
cultural and social interactions to celebrate heritage”. Strategic Alignment with Vision Smart
Strategic Objectives for Smart City include Smart Living, Smart Governance, Smart Mobility,
Smart Environment and Smart Economy.
A Smart City will provide its citizens a better quality of life with improved city services
and facilities like housing and utilities for Smart Living. Smart Governance of a smart city is via
stakeholder involvement in the policy making and implementation, leveraging technology to
facilitate the process leading to better transparency and accountability. Smart Mobility /
Transportation will reduce congestion and foster faster, greener and cheaper transportation
options while being environmentally sustainable. Data collected about mobility patterns will help
optimize traffic conditions in a holistic manner.
Smart Environment will make a smart city an eco-efficient city that effectively manages
and uses the growth to improve and protect the environment using optimal water and natural
resources. The key parts of a smart economy leading to greater investments are economic
development, higher employment and a knowledge economy. Develop Guiding Principles

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Guiding principles to be followed by a Smart City government and other key stakeholders in
planning the design and implementation of the Smart city are livability, management of services,
mobility and improved connectivity. Each smart initiative has to be applied to these guiding
principles to ensure that the mission and vision of a smart city are being met.
A livable vibrant city makes it better for ELK Asia Pacific Journals – Special Issue
ISBN: 978-81-930411-5-4 citizens by improving delivery and management of Services resulting
in economic growth and employment opportunities. Proving to be a long-term sustainable
solution. Transport, people movement and digital connectivity may be improved with improved
connectivity. Enhancing individual development, community engagement and connectedness
within the different parts of the city. Bringing awareness of culture and heritage diversity, and
sporting interests within the city. For the betterment of citizens, open government and open data
can be leveraged.
Establish a Smart City Framework Understanding how the different facets of a smart city
relate to one another can be accomplished by Frameworks. Helps in visualization of services and
infrastructure. Frameworks can be used to plan, develop, operate and map the different aspects of
a smart city clearly. Figure is a sample generic framework that can be used for the establishment
of a smart city and customized as necessary.
Framework for Sample Smart City graphic used with permission of Sekhar & Anu
KONDEPUDI Various verticals of the framework include– smart infrastructure, services,
environment and governance systems required for a smart city. Smart infrastructure provides
robust cost effective smart city infrastructure requirements such as energy, water, waste, mobility
and real estate. Citizen services Infrastructure required by the city include healthcare, education,
safety, cultural requirements and smart social infrastructure to ensure intelligent and better
connected infrastructure for various social needs.
Sustainable and environment-friendly city to deal with climate change, pollution, disaster
management and any other city specific issues. An urban local body with Good governance
mechanisms with policies and regulations to ensure proper functioning of all systems and
processes. Identify and Engage with Key Stakeholders Local city administration, Municipalities
or City Council, National and regional governments, City services companies, Utility providers,
ICT Companies, NGOs, International, Regional and Multilateral Organizations, Industry
associations Academia, research organizations and specialized bodies, Citizens and citizen

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organizations, Urban Planners and Standardization bodies are Smart City stakeholders. Any
entity, institution or individual, with an interest in smart cities or can significantly influence or be
influenced by smart city deployment is a smart city key stakeholder.

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 CHAPTER -3
ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
The case of Singapore illustrates the transformation from industrial city of low tech jobs and
services to an intelligent – wired, knowledge-based, information economy . Faced with
increasing competition from cities who offered similar economies and products, Singapore
invested heavily in IT recognizing its transformative potential to impact the way they live.
Singapore is one of the first cities to deliberately create governance enabling their technological
development. In 1992 their National Computer Board described it in these terms
In our vision, some 15 years from now, Singapore, the Intelligent Island, will be among
the first countries in the world with an advanced nation-wide information infrastructure. It will
interconnect computers in virtually every home, office, school, and factory
Economic development leads to economic growth and “increase in GDP”. The goal of
economic development is to reduce unemployment, lower poverty, and increase income, which
may lead to a better quality of life. As populations in cities and towns increase, challenges to
sustainable economic development and basic community services also increase. The city of
Cleveland, OH, for example, is facing many economic development challenges. The city‟s
annual economic development 2 reported stated that among the challenges Cleveland faces in the
area of economic development include “industrial sites with access to rail or water but without
direct access to freeways; inadequate supply of workers with high-tech skills; and population
lacking basic literacy and math skills.”

As cities continue to urbanize, cities officials are obligated to boost economic

development, expand access to health care, housing, job creation, education, and other social
services; however, without proper planning and due to the rapid urbanization, cities officials do
not have adequate time to plan accordingly. Cities and counties face many challenges, such as
unemployment, reduced economic development, poverty, aged infrastructure, traffic congestion,
high crime rates, lack of clean water, environmental hazards, and slow bureaucratic city systems
for processing business transactions; furthermore, there are tremendous cybersecurity challenges
facing cities, such as cyber-terrorism that could have a profound impact on cities‟ infrastructure
and the safety of residents. It is imperative to develop smart solutions that improve the livability
of cities and enhance economic development, while vividly reducing resource consumptions.

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 Urabanisation to the increase in populations in cities and towns. Ever since the industrial
revolution, humans have been urbanizing at an exponential rate. There are 100s of thousands of
new dwellings being built every day. Every week, there are at least a million new people moving
into cities, worldwide. By 2050, the United Nations (UN) is expecting that 6 billion people will
be living in cities. North America is considered one of the most urbanized regions, as 82% of the
population living in urban areas (United Nations, 2014). Figure 1 clearly shows that while the
rural population is decreasing, the 3 urban population is increasing. Figure Urban and Rural
Population (data retrieved from un.org) Air pollution is a major environmental hazard affecting
city residents.
China, India, and Nigeria all together are anticipated to account for 40% of the expected
urban growth, worldwide. This exponential growth is adding stress on the city resources;
furthermore, cities consume “as much as 80% of energy production worldwide and account for a
roughly equal share of global greenhouse gas emission.” (World Bank, 2016). The World Bank
2016 annual report concluded that power plants and cars are among the leading causes of air
pollution.
The report also concluded that “air pollution is a threat to sustainable prosperity.”
According to the World Health Organization (WHO) 2013 world health report, indoor and
outdoor air pollution in both cities and rural areas “caused an estimated 6.5 million deaths
worldwide in 2012.” The report also concluded that “around 1.25 million people died from road
traffic injuries in 2013, with up to 50 4 million people sustaining non-fatal injuries because of
road traffic collisions or crashes.” In short, cities are facing many challenges. Local cities, States,
and federal governments must collaborate and be creative to come up with innovative solutions
to mitigate these challenges – to create a sustainable future for their citizens
Economic development requires the government‟s dedications, incentives, vision, and
leadership (Liu, 2016). While economic development refers to economic growth, economic
growth refers to “increase in GDP”. Smart economic development, on the other hand, leverages
technology to increase efficiency, and reduce cost; it requires the government‟s dedications,
incentives, vision, and leadership. Public Wi-Fi, for example, can be used as a tool to connect
business and citizens by supporting business transactions; in addition, private investments and
businesses play key roles in ensuring a strong economy (McConnell, Brue, & Flynn, 2009).

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 Smart city technologies can have a profound impact on the prosperity of a region (Smart
Cities Council, 2017). Smart city projects contribute to economic growth by establishing an
economy of scales. The use of Information Technology in the production of goods and services,
in particular, has a strong influence on productivity and economic growth. Rahm Emanuel,
Mayor of Chicago, stated that “Innovation continues to fuel Chicago‟s ambitions. Leaders in the
public, private, and nonprofit sectors are working together to build stronger companies and a
smarter city, using big data, civic engagement, and technology start-up incubation. We‟re using
cutting-edge technology to accelerate Chicago‟s economic growth and create jobs while making
the city more efficient and livable.” Similarly, Philadelphia has embraced smart city initiatives to
help promote economic growth and equity (Smart Choice, 2017).
Technology simply has an impact on productivity and economic growth. Smart City A
smart city offers technological solutions to tell what is happening in the city, how the city is
evolving, and how to enable a better quality of life. A smart city is as an urban vision that fosters
citizens‟ engagement and technological integration of the city‟s infrastructure (Musa, 2016). The
United Kingdom Government Department for Business, Innovation, and Skills noted that “A
smart city uses digital technologies to enhance performance and wellbeing, to reduce costs and
resource consumption, also to engage more effectively and actively with its citizens.” Smart
cities will bring positive social change by the adoption of Information and Communications
Technology (ICT) governance enriching, and human capital among the citizenry (Kummitha &
Crutzen, 10 2017).
Smart cities open the door to great economic opportunities and public safety. Gun
detectors and Geographic Information System (GIS) can be used to reduce crimes by
geographically spotting areas with high crime rates, identifying specific crime patterns. Detotto
and Otranto (2010) conducted a study to examine how crimes affect economic growth. The study
concluded that higher crime rates discourages domestic and foreign direct investments and
reallocates resources, creating uncertainty and inefficiency.
The study also concluded that crimes play a role in determining a country‟s economic
progress and negatively impact the economic performance. Bob Bennett, Kansas City‟s CIO
believes that data is the heart of a Smart City and data is considered “a commodity” in a smart
city. Bennett believes that cities can be smart by “getting better control of their data”. Bennett
clarified that data, including data analysis and putting it into a decision platform, make a city

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smart. Big Data, on the other hand, is a term that refers to a large volume of data, such as traffic
lights data, phones, Internet data, social media data, and the public service data collected by the
city government. Big Data can be used positively and or negatively.
The right use of big data can burst and ignite a smart city revolution, which will save the
residents‟ time and money. Open data, on the other hand, is the data that can be freely used. A
smart city is a city that supports open Big Data – open government that supports big data . Open
data can burst and ignite a smart city revolution. Eleftheria et al. (2015) conducted a study to
analyze the contribution of the open data to the development of smart cities.
Their study concluded that the open data 11 projects “encourage citizens to develop
applications and digital services” with the ability to reuse of public data, to improve the quality
and of public services.
The authors believe that smart city is an innovative approach to alleviate obstacles
triggered by ever-increasing population and fast urbanization which is going to benefit
governments as well as the masses; an endeavor to make cities more efficient, sustainable and
livable. Modern day cities are underprivileged of vital elements like the quality of life and
socioeconomic development which can be delivered by smart cities.

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 CHAPTER-4
HISTORY OF SMART CITY

According to the UNECE survey of member States (2013), housing and urban
management sectors are highly decentralized and the implementation of measures greatly
depends on the local governments and local stakeholders, including private (both commercial
and non-profit) companies. According to the survey respondents, the competences of the
federal/national governments are limited to formulating policies and legislation, establishing
norms and standards and providing subsidies for housing. National governments have shared
responsibilities with regional and local governments and with the private sector for providing
social or affordable housing, offering loans for housing purposes, setting urban regulations,
approving urban plans and investments in urban infrastructure.
In order to engage more effectively the local governments and private sector, the
intergovernmental UNECE Committee on Housing and Land Management decided in 2012 to
include the topic of “smart cities” as one of its priority activities in the Committee‟s programme
of work 2014 - 2015 under the cluster “Sustainable urban development”.
The Committee‟s secretariat further developed a possible smart cities project concept and
discussed it with representatives of partner organizations, including Organization for
international Economic Relations . UN-Habitat, other partner organizations, universities, private
sector companies and NGOs. As a result, an open platform for sharing best practices and
experiences on smart cities will be established as part of the project.

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 CHAPTER-5
OBJECTIVES OF SMART CITY
A strategic goal of the proposed project is to promote sustainable urban development,
especially in countries with transition economies and developing countries, through analysis of
practices and policies, pilot activities, exchange of experiences and best practices, networking
and capacity building. The project will help to scale up the European experiences of smart cities
to countries outside of the EU.
The project objective is to strengthen the capacities of national and local authorities in the
project region for the development and implementation of national and local policies for
sustainable urban development.
A central part of the project is the development of smart city profiles based on a set of
development indicators (the methodology summary in Annex 1). The profiles contain specific
policy recommendations for “smartening” the cities. The procedural steps for the preparation of
city profiles are available in Annex 2 and Terms of references for the pilot cities in Annex 3. The
next stage of the project would be measuring results of smart city initiatives in pilot cities and
developing “smart product packages” suitable for cities on certain characteristics/development
level.
In order to ensure sustainable development of urban areas and smart cities, it is of utmost
importance and an asset of this project to work to establish linkages between the public and the
private sector. The project will work to develop cross-sector partnerships as well as to work to
ensure development of a sustainable and long-term vibrant and profitable network of Smart
Cities.
One of the core elements is the catalytic knowledge transfer within the network to
identify best practices and lessons learned from previous projects and exchange of experience
between advanced cities and ambitious transition cities.
A further key element is to give both the private and the public sector participant a
discussion platform for lessons learned and smart and cost effective innovative technology
solutions. The project will develop a comprehensive Smart City content hub filled with
international comparison data and research in order to ensure match making and sustainable
facilitation of projects on the business marketplace.

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 The objective of smart city initiative is to promote sustainable and inclusive cities that
provide core infrastructure and give a decent quality of life to its citizens, a clean and sustainable
environment and application of „Smart‟ Solutions. Some of the core infrastructure elements in a
Smart City would include 24x7 availability of high quality utility services like water and power.
A robust transport system that emphasizes on public transport III. Provide opportunities for jobs
and livelihoods for its inhabitants. IV. Proper facilities for entertainment and the safety and
security of the people. State-of-the-art health and education facilities are also a must. V.
Minimize waste by increasing energy efficiency and reducing water conservation and proper
recycling of waste materials Strategy.

The strategic components of Area-based development in the Smart Cities Mission are city
improvement (retrofitting), city renewal (redevelopment) and city extension (Greenfield
development) plus a Pan-city initiative in which Smart Solutions are applied covering larger
parts of the city. Below are given the descriptions of the three models of Area-based Smart City
Development: I. City improvement (Retrofitting) will introduce planning in an existing built-up
area to achieve Smart City objectives, along with other objectives, to make the existing area
more efficient and liveable. In retrofitting, an area consisting of more than 500 acres will be
identified by the city in consultation with citizens.
Depending on the existing level of infrastructure services in the identified area and the
vision of the residents, the cities will prepare a strategy to become smart. Since existing
structures are largely to remain intact in this model, it is expected that more intensive
infrastructure service levels and a large number of smart applications will be packed into the
retrofitted Smart City. This strategy may also be completed in a shorter time frame, leading to its
replication in another part of the city.City renewal (Redevelopment) will effect a replacement of
the existing built-up environment and enable co-creation of a new layout with enhanced
infrastructure using mixed land use and increased density. Redevelopment envisages an area of
more than 50 acres, identified by Urban Local Bodies (ULBs) in consultation with citizens.
For instance, a new layout plan of the identified area will be prepared with mixed
land-use, higher FSI and high ground coverage. Two examples of the redevelopment model are
the Saifee Burhani Upliftment Project in Mumbai (also called the Bhendi Bazaar Project) and the
redevelopment of East Kidwai Nagar in New Delhi being undertaken by the National Building
Construction Corporation. City extension (Greenfield development) will introduce most of the

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Smart Solutions in a previously vacant area (more than 250 acres) using innovative planning,
planned financing and plan implementation tools (e.g. land pooling/ land reconstitution) with
provision for affordable housing, especially for the poor.
Greenfield developments are required around cities in order to address the needs of the
expanding population. One well known example is the GIFT City in Gujarat (. Unlike retrofitting
and redevelopment, Greenfield developments could be located either within the limits of the
ULB or within the limits of the local Urban Development Authority (UDA). Pan-city
development envisages application of selected Smart Solutions to the existing citywide
infrastructure.
Application of Smart Solutions will involve the use of technology, information and data
to make infrastructure and services better. For example, applying Smart Solutions in the
transport sector (intelligent traffic management system) and reducing average commute time or
cost to citizens will have positive effects on productivity and quality of life of citizens. Another
example can be waste water recycling and smart metering which can make a substantial
contribution to better water management in the city. Smart City Selection Process The Mission
was introduced in the form of a competition, called the Smart City challenge.Stage 1 of the
competition: Shortlisting of cities by States The first stage of the competition is intra-state; cities
in the state shall compete on the conditions precedents and the scoring criteria laid out.
The state/union territory shortlists the potential smart cities based on conditions
precedents, scoring criteria and in accordance to the total number allocated to it. The cities with
the highest scores will be shortlisted and recommended to participate in Stage 2 of the challenge.
The state/union territory will recommend the names of cities that have successfully been selected
in this round to the MoUD, who shall thereafter announce the list of selected 100 smart cities.
Stage 2 of the competition: The Challenge round for selection In the second stage, each of the
potential 100 smart cities shall prepare their proposals for participating in the city challenge.
The Smart City Proposal (SCP) for each city should outline the preferred model for Area
Based Development (ABD) as well as pan-city development with smart solutions, the proposed
financing and revenue model to attract private participation, etc. These proposals shall be
evaluated by a committee comprising national and international experts, organisations and
institutions. After the evaluation, a list of winning cities is announced. The remaining cities
rework and improve their SCPs in order to be considered in the next round of challenge. Detailed

15
process of selection of smart cities is available here - List of cities nominated by states for the
smart city challenge.
The total numbers of 100 smart cities have been distributed among the States and UTs on
the basis of equitable criteria. The formula gives equal weightage (50:50) to urban population of
the State/UT and the number of statutory towns in the State/UT. Based on this formula, each
State/UT will, therefore, have a certain number of potential smart cities, with each State/UT
having at least one. This distribution is given below. The number of potential Smart Cities from
each State/UT will be capped at the indicated number. The distribution of smart cities will be
reviewed after two years of the implementation of the Mission. Based on an assessment of the
performance of States/ULBs in the Challenge, some re-allocation of the remaining potential
smart cities among States may be required to be done by ministry (MoUD) Implementation of
Smart Cities- execution process.
The implementation of the Mission at the City level will be done by a Special Purpose
Vehicle (SPV) created for the purpose. The SPV will plan, appraise, approve, release funds,
implement, manage, operate, monitor and evaluate the Smart City development projects. The
SPV would be a limited company incorporated under the Companies Act, 2013, at the city level
and would be formulated through equity contributions from the state and Central governments.
The private sector or financial institutions can be considered for an equity stake in the
SPV; however, the shareholding pattern of 50:50 of the state/union territory and the ULB has to
be maintained and they together should have a majority shareholding and control of the SPV.
The SPV would be headed by a full-time CEO and would be appointed with the approval of the
MoUD. The board of directors shall be constituted by representatives of the Central Government,
state government, ULB, independent directors as well as the CEO and functional directors.
The Divisional Commissioner/ Collector/Municipal Commissioner/Chief Executive of
the Urban Development Authority shall be the Chairperson of the SPV. The SPV may appoint
Project Management Consultants (PMC) for designing, developing, managing and implementing
area-based projects.
SPVs may take assistance from any of the empanelled consulting firms in the list
prepared by MoUD and the handholding agencies. For procurement of goods and services,
transparent and fair procedures as prescribed under the State/ULB financial rules may be
followed. Model frameworks as developed by MoUD may also be used for Smart City projects.

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Mission Monitoring National level monitoring will be of two type Apex committee ,National
mission directorate Apex Committee An Apex Committee (AC), headed by the Secretary,
MoUD and comprising representatives of other related Ministries and organisations will approve
the Proposals for Smart Cities Mission, monitor their progress and release funds.
This Committee will meet periodically, as considered necessary. There will be a National
Mission Director, not below the rank of Joint Secretary to Government of India and who will be
the overall in-charge of all activities related to the Mission. A Mission Directorate will take
support from subject matter experts and other staff as considered necessary. The key
responsibilities of the Mission Directorate are given below: Develop strategic blueprint and
detailed implementation roadmap of the Smart Cities Mission, including the detailed design of
the City Challenge.
Coordinate across Centre, States, ULBs and external stakeholders in order to ensure that
external agencies are efficiently used for preparation of Smart City Proposal (SCP), Detailed
Project Reports (DPRs), sharing of best practices, developing Smart Solution etc.Oversee
Capacity building and assisting in handholding of SPVs, State and Urban Local Bodies (ULBs).
This includes developing and retaining a best practice repository (Model RFP documents, Draft
DPRs, Financial models, land monetization ideas, best practices in SPV formation, use of
financial instruments and risk mitigation techniques) and mechanism for knowledge sharing
across States and ULBs (through publications, workshops, seminars). Monitoring.
There shall be a State Level High Powered Steering Committee (HPSC) chaired by the
Chief Secretary, which would steer the Mission Programme in its entirety. The HPSC will have
representatives of State Government departments. The Mayor and Municipal Commissioner of
the ULB relating to the Smart City would be represented in the HPSC. There would also be a
State Mission Director who will be an officer not below the rank of Secretary to the State
Government, nominated by the State Government. The State Mission Director will function as
the Member-Secretary of the State HPSC.
The indicative composition of HPSC are Principal Secretary, Finance Principal
Secretary, Planning Principal Secretary/Director, Town & Country Planning Department,
State/UT Governments. Representative of MoUD. Select CEOs of SPVs in the State. Select
Mayors and Municipal Commissioners /Chief Executive of the ULBs, and Heads of the
concerned State Line Departments. Secretary/Engineer-in-Chief or equivalent, Public Health

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Engineering Department. Principal Secretary, Urban Development , provide guidance to the
Mission and provide State level platform for exchange of ideas pertaining to development of
Smart Cities.
Oversee the process of first stage intra-State competition on the basis of Stage 1 criteria.
Review the SCPs and send to the MoUD for participation in the Challenge. III. City level:
Monitoring A Smart City Advisory Forum will be established at the city level for all 100 Smart
Cities to advise and enable collaboration among various stakeholders and will include the
District Collector, MP, MLA, Mayor, CEO of SPV, local youths, technical experts, and at least
one member from the area who is a: President / secretary representing registered Residents
Welfare Association, Member of registered Tax Payers Association / Rate Payers Association,
President / Secretary of slum level federation, and Members of a Non-Governmental
Organization (NGO) or Mahila Mandali / Chamber of Commerce / Youth Associations.
The CEO of the SPV will be the convener of the Smart City Advisory Forum. 2.4.
Financing of Smart Cities The Smart Cities Mission (SCM) is a centrally-sponsored scheme,
where state governments and urban local bodies (ULBs) will have to contribute funds for
implementation of projects specified in the Smart City Proposal, on a matching basis with the
funds provided by the central government. The entire budget for the Mission over five years is
estimated to be Rs 480 billion (6 billion euro). The Government of India allocated around Rs 2
lakh crore (25 billion euro) to develop 100 cities under the Smart Cities Mission.
According to the SCM Guidelines, in the first year, each „smart city‟ will receive an
initial corpus amount of Rs 200 crore (25 euro million). In every subsequent year, for the next
three years, the government will provide Rs 100 crore (12.5 million euro) to each city. The
central government will provide each potential „smart city‟ with an advance amount of Rs 2
crore (0.25 million euro) for the preparation of the Smart City Proposal.
This amount, along with Administrative and Office Expenses (A&OE) of the Ministry of
Urban Development, will be deducted from the initial corpus amount. Each „smart city‟ will thus
receive Rs 194 crore (24.25 million euro) in the first year of its development. Subsequently after
A&OE deductions, cities will receive Rs 98 crore (12.5 million euro) annually for next three
years. By matching the government‟s contribution with an equal amount, states can ensure that
each city has access to Rs 976 crore (122 million euro) to complete „smart city‟ projects within
four years. States are expected to seek funds for projects outlined in the Smart City Proposal

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from multiple sources, including: States‟/ULBs‟ own resources from collection of user fees,
beneficiary charges and impact fees, land monetization, debt, loans etc.
Additional resources transferred as a result of acceptance of the recommendations of the
Fourteenth Finance Commission (FFC). Innovative finance mechanisms, such as municipal
bonds with credit rating of ULBs, Pooled Finance Development Fund Scheme, and Tax
Increment Financing (TIF). Leverage borrowing from financial institutions, including bilateral
and multilateral institutions, both domestic and external sources.The National Investment and
Infrastructure Fund (NIIF). Other Central Government schemes like Swachh Bharat Mission,
AMRUT, National Heritage City Development and Augmentation Yojana (HRIDAY).
Public-private partnerships (PPP) etc. Each Smart City Proposal is required to include a
„Financial Plan‟ that provides extensive details of itemized costs, resource plans, revenue and
payback mechanisms, plans for recovery of Operation and Maintenance costs, financial
timelines, and plans for mitigating financial risk. The competence of this Financial Plan is an
important criterion in judging the prospective of a potential „smart city.
According to the SCM Guidelines, each „smart city‟ is expected to receive an annual
installment of funds subject to,Quarterly submission of a „City Score Card‟ to MoUD
,Satisfactory physical and financial progress shown in implementation of the Proposal, in the
form of a Utilization Certificate and annual „City Score Card‟ Achievement of milestones, as
indicated in the timelines contained in the Smart City Proposal; and, Robustness of the
functioning of the city‟s Special Purpose Vehicle (SPV), the entity constituted at the city level to
implement the Mission‟s objectives.
Leading economies around the world have shown interest in India‟s smart city mission
and are looking forward to participate in the development of smart cities. Major funding partners
include Spain, the United States of America, Germany, Japan, France, Singapore and Sweden.
Short overview on the cities in the development of which these countries take part is given below
Spain has proposed to cooperate with India to develop Delhi into smart cities. The Barcelona
Regional Agency of Spain has shown interest in exchanging technology with India. The US'
United States Trade and Development Agency (USTDA) has decided to develop Visakhapatnam
(Andhra Pradesh), Allahabad (UP) and Ajmer (Rajasthan) as smart cities.
Germany has signed up with India to develop Bhubaneswar (Odisha), Kochi (Kerala) and
Coimbatore (Tamil Nadu) as smart cities. Japan has decided to assist India with the development

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of Chennai, Ahmedabad and Varanasi as smart cities. France has decided to support three Indian
cities-Chandigarh, Lucknow and Puducherry and announced an investment of $1.5 billion (1.3
euro billion) in India. Singapore has shown its interest in helping India‟s smart city mission and
offered to help develop Amravati, the new state capital of Andhra Pradesh as a smart city. The
country is also looking at re-engineering and upgrading the transportation sector and retrofitting
the older Indian city.

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 APPLICATION
Indian Economy
Every city has its own history, culture and identity. There is no doubt that we need to
nurture, preserve and renew the urban fabric with changing times. However, there is also a need
to build new cities. A city is an economy of agglomeration; it provides various advantages and
opportunities. That is why we all flock to the cities in search of a better future. However, there
would be limits beyond which things would become very difficult to sustain. What was once a
village grows into a town, a city, a metropolis, a megapolis and then slowly begins to decay into
a „necropolis‟.
India‟s economy is expanding rapidly. By 2030 it is expected to have grown by five
times, buoyed largely by the country‟s urban centres. During the same period, the country‟s
labour force is expected to grow by 270 million workers, with urban jobs accounting for 70% of
that growth.
Today, India is less than 30 per cent urban and the quality of life in its cities is
chronically low. However, with 2/3rds of GDP already generated in India‟s cities and rural to
urban migration patterns accelerating, the country faces a critical challenge: managing this rapid
urbanization in a way that enhances the livability of India‟s urban spaces.

Present Scenario of Important Cities of India

New Delhi
New Delhi, or simply Delhi, the second largest metropolis of India, is the national capital.
It has the second highest GDP in the country.Located on the banks of the Yamuna River, it is one
of the oldest inhabited cities in the world. Delhi is the proud home of many important
government offices, most importantly, the Parliament of India. In the recent years, Delhi has
attracted many immigrants, thus emerging as a cosmopolitan city. Today, it is a prominent
political and commercial center of India. The Delhi-Agra highway joins Delhi to the beautiful
city of Agra, which is a major tourist attraction. The key service industries of New Delhi include
Telecom, IT, Banking, Media, Hotels and Tourism.

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Mumbai
Capital city of the state of Maharashtra, Mumbai is the financial capital of India. Housing
around thirteen million people, it is the second most populous city in the world. It is not only the
city with the highest GDP but also ranks among the world‟s top ten trade centres. The city
contributes 25% of industrial output and 70% of capital transactions to India‟s economy.
Mumbai houses the world-famous Hindi film and television industry, Bollywood.
Important financial institutions such as the Reserve Bank of India and the National Stock
Exchange of India are located in Mumbai. It houses the headquarters of several multinational
companies and has thus become an important commercial and entertainment center of India. It
houses some of the tallest skyscrapers in the country.

Pune
Pune, the second largest city of Maharashtra, at a relatively shorter distance from
Mumbai(150 km), is also one of India's major cities. Pune is renowned for its educational
facilities. It is serving as a major industrial nucleus. It is home to the world‟s largest two wheeler
manufacturers, comprising Bajaj Auto and Tata Motors. It has the presence of software
industries like Rajiv Gandhi IT Park, Tech Mahindra, WIPRO, MIDC Software Technology Park
etc. Some of the major software companies of India as Infosys, TCS, etc. have a key presence in
this city.

Chennai
Located on the Coromandel Coast of Bay of Bengal, this capital city of Tamil Nadu is the
home of around 8 million people. Its economy is based on the automobile, hardware
manufacturing, healthcare and the IT industry. Approximately 40% of the automobile industries
are based in Chennai and hence it is also known as the Automobile Capital of India. Chennai
hosts an international airport, two major ports and five national highways stretching to other
parts of the India. Its contribution to India's exports of automotive products has conferred upon
Chennai, the title, 'Detroit of India'.

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Kolkata
Kolkata is the capital of West Bengal and one of the very important cities in India and
has a population of about 5 million. It is the major business, commercial and financial hub of
eastern India and also of the north eastern states. It has been a center of education, industry and
culture. However, it has undergone economic stagnation that continued till the recent times. It
was after 2000 that the city witnessed economic growth. It houses the Salt Lake Stadium that is
largest in Asia and the second largest in the world. The Indian Institute of Management, one of
India's most prestigious management schools is also located in Kolkata. The city‟s IT sector is
growing at 70%

Bangalore
Officially known as Bengaluru is largest city in India renamed as Silicon Valley of
India.It is the third most populous city of India. Bangalore houses some of the most recognized
educational and research institutes of India. Numerous public sector industries, software,
telecommunication and aerospace industries are located in Bangalore. Its remarkable
contribution to the Indian IT sector has made it the Silicon Valley of India.

Hyderabad
It is the financial capital of Andhra Pradesh(Southern India). With an estimated
population of 7 million, the city is the biggest contributor to Andhra Pradesh‟s GDP, state tax
and excise revenues. Hyderabad is now the seat of many businesses including trade, transport,
commerce, communication and IT. Current socio-economic trends suggest that – in order to
successfully meet these challenges – the number of cities in India will have to increase
drastically. (By way of comparison, China has over 160 cities with a population over one million
whereas India has less than 40). To support these new cities as they strive to address the
challenges of urban transport and mobility, water distribution, waste management, etc, India
must develop a comprehensive, supportive policy framework for new urbanization that
establishes key, guiding principles and identifies the enablers – like technology, financing and
talent attraction – that will be crucial to the implementation of new, live-able and sustainable
urban spaces. The various concepts of city developments uptill now:

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The New Town Concept
The „new town‟ concept, which came up a long time ago took cognisance of the inherent
nature of things and tried to overcome urban decay by creating new planned settlements far away
from the big metropolitan cities so that population aggregation at one place could be arrested and
a more balanced distribution could be achieved. It was believed that this would over time help in
building new communities and help the parent metropolis to remain healthy and survive longer.
Regional development became a new area of interest and practice. At times, new towns have also
come to be called „satellite towns‟ as they are attached and function along with a parent
metropolis. Existing cities have had huge extensions which are almost like new towns. Some
examples are Rohini, Dwarka and Narela as extensions to Delhi, Navi Mumbai to Mumbai, Salt
Lake City to Kolkata and Yelhanka and Kengeri to Bangalore. Noida, Greater Noida, Manesar,
Pimpri-Chinchwad, Rajarhat, Dankuni, etc are other examples of such new towns. What needs to
be noted here is the active and prime moving role of the government here. Unless and until the
government takes a keen interest in this, the procurement of large tracts of land and the
development of a town, bearing in mind all the social requirements and making it inclusive will
not just happen. Most states in India today have township policies. State governments, instead of
themselves developing land, have now started encouraging the private real estate sector to come
in and develop towns. More often than not, areas of conflict of interest would come about. The
basic motive of profit makes the realisation of the social objective secondary. Unfortunately,
most of these private sector real estate initiatives have ended up in developments, which are too
small, fragmented, in odd shapes and sizes and mostly catering to the very high income
population and far from inclusive.

INDUSTRIAL TOWNSHIPS
Many industrial townships as part of steel plants or large public sector undertakings have
also been developed on modern lines from scratch. Bokaro, Bhilai, Rourkela and Vizag are such
examples. In the private sector, Tata Steel‟s town at Jamshedpur were the pioneers and other
large business houses such as the Birlas, Modis, etc have also contributed to town building,

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basically to house their employees close to their factories. Where even new settlements have
been developed, they have come up with a completely new infrastructure and are well planned.

PRIVATE CITIES
The concept of private cities is gradually gaining acceptance in India. If all goes well,
India should have at least 30 private cities across the country by the end of this decade. The
number could be even greater, depending on the manner in which India‟s policy makers allow
this concept to germinate. India is now home to various types of private cities. There are private
housing and commercial enclaves like those of DLF in Delhi and Hiranandani in Mumbai where
the entire security, street maintenance and administration of the estate is managed by the
developers. Then there are the larger industrial townships like Jamshedpur, Mithapur and
Modinagar, where the entire town‟s administration is managed by the industry promoter (often
uneasily) with the consent of the state government.

LAVASA: INDIA’S FIRST FULLY PLANNED HILL CITY

Great dreams are realised only by planning. Lavasa, a planned hill station in Maharashtra,
is one such. Billed as India's first hill city since Independence, it is developed primarily by
Hindustan Construction Company(HCC) India and is set amidst 7 hills and 60 km of lakefront
and spread over 25,000 acres. It is a convenient 3 hours drive from Mumbai, an hour‟s drive
from Pune and is a whopping quarter size of Mumbai Lavasa is planned across four town
centers.
Lavasa city will have a wide range of residences, from sprawling hillside villas, to up to
3 BHK homes and will offer homes which fit budgets across socio-economic classes. It is
expected to provide abundant opportunities as global leaders in Hospitality, Health and Wellness,
Education. Lavasa Tourism will be setting up their institutions. Added to this, this hill station in
Maharashtra has diverse work possibilities appealing to the IT and biotech industry, KPOs and
R&D companies, and the world of art, fashion and animation. One of the largest private
infrastructure projects in India, Lavasa city is planned for a permanent population of 0.2 million
residents and a Lavasa Tourism inflow envisaged at 2 million per annum.

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Scope and Purpose
JTC 1 recognizes the importance of Smart Cities as a trend that will shape many
standards in the ICT sector, and notes a growing interest in this area among a number of
standards setting organizations. This document provides an overall review on the specified topics
of Smart Cities
Exploring standardization opportunities for JTC 1.
This report aims to:
 provide a description of key concepts related to Smart Cities, establish the definition of
Smart Cities based on the key concepts, and describe relevant terminology
 study and document the technological, market and societal requirements for the ICT
standardization aspects of Smart Cities
 study and document current technologies that are being deployed to enable Smart Cities
 assess the current state of standardization activities relevant to Smart Cities within JTC 1,
in other relevant ISO and IEC TCs, in other SDOs and in consortia; and
 identify and propose how JTC 1 should address the ICT standardization needs of Smart
Cities

Fig. 3 Smart City Model

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 CHAPTER-7
ADVANTAGES & DISADVANTAGES

Advantages
Smart Cities could therefore provide:
 Better and more convenient services for citizens.
 Better city governance.
 A better life environment..
 More modern industry, that is greener, and more people friendly.
 Smarter and more intelligent infrastructure.
 A dynamic and innovative economy.

Disadvantages
 In essence, the benefits of smart cities can be distilled to one underlying principle: done
right, information technology and big data enable services and business processes make
our lives better. However, a greater reliance on technology has its drawbacks.
 The distrust of people on Government in some areas of railways, petrol prices etc have
impacted to be disadvantageous for the nation.
 The myth revolves still around Government that being a could work only on with full
power and confidence.

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 Smart Cities needs
Smart Cities are characterized by the availability of a wide range of technologies capable
of working together to deliver complex systems and solutions. Smart Cities need robust and
resilient technologies to help:
 Provide a shared understanding of the core concepts underpinning Smart Cities that can
be used to develop coherent models and thus improve system interoperability; • Facilitate
instrumentation through the use of multiple types of device for sensing, capturing,
storing, and exploiting the use of data from multiple sources, fixed as well as mobile;
 Make data exchange fluid and rapid between different types of network topology and
using different types of communication and transmission;
 Facilitate the use and aggregation of data by systems and services that may not have
initially generated them;
 Allow for data to be presented in a variety of formats, dependent on the context and the
person or technical system needing it, allowing it to be visualised, accessed, and acted
upon more easily, thus making it much more useful;
 Allow heterogeneous ICT-systems to work together;
 Ensure that data is exchanged and used safely and securely; and
 Allow for greater automation that can enable city functions to be delivered reliably, and
effectively, reducing the need of direct human intervention where and when this is
appropriate.

Market needs
Innovation can thrive and where innovation can in turn benefit and sustain such cities into the
future. This environment needs:
 Adequate and appropriately trained workforces available to new business opportunities,
able to work flexibly (e.g. teleworking) as needed;
 Adaptive learning spaces, coupled with distance learning tools, to allow ad-hoc skills
development wherever students may find themselves gathered in the city.

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 CHAPTER-8
CONCLUSION

This report has introduced the concept of smart cities by examining the decline and
restructuring of the industrial city in an effort to establish a reference point to how cities have
begun to rethink their economic models. We progressed through touchstone events and
publications to establish a timeline for the smart cities concept. Focusing on the Integrative
Framework by Chourabi, et al – referred to here for simplicity as the Chourabi Framework – we
focused on a granular model with which we examined planning initiatives of Helsinki, Finland,
Chicago, Illinois and Bellevue, Washington.
We established that any model which attempts to define a city as smart will only be
effective if it is integrative and multi-dimensional across domains. Several models are
highlighted. While high-level models with fewer facets are simpler at first glance, they require
much more explanation to understand, while a more granular model like Chourabi Framework,
contains greater detail simply by the greater number of facets provided. It has allowed for a more
comprehensive examination of initiatives to establish each as smart

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 CHAPTER-9

REFERENCES
 V. Bush, “As we may think,” The Atlantic Monthly, pp. 101–108, 1945
 R. R. Widner, “Physical Renewal of the Industrial City,” Annals of the American
Academy of Political and Social Science, vol. 488, pp. 47–57, Nov. 1986.
 R. D. Putnam, “Bowling alone: America‟s declining social capital,” The City Reader,, pp.
120–128, 1995.

WEBSITES
 www.smartcitiesindia.com/
 smartcities.gov.in
 www.iec.ch
 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smart_city
 www.thehindu.com/...smart-cities...Smart-Cities.../article14027175.ece

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