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Cambridge University Press

978-1-107-67056-3 – Objective Proficiency


Annette Capel and Wendy Sharp
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Objective
Proficiency
Teacher’s Book

Annette Capel Wendy Sharp Second Edition

© in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org


Cambridge University Press
978-1-107-67056-3 – Objective Proficiency
Annette Capel and Wendy Sharp
Frontmatter
More information

cambrıdge unıversıty press


Cambridge, New York, Melbourne, Madrid, Cape Town,
Singapore, São Paulo, Delhi, Mexico City
Cambridge University Press
The Edinburgh Building, Cambridge CB2 8RU, UK
www.cambridge.org
Information on this title: www.cambridge.org/9781107670563

© Cambridge University Press 2013

This publication is in copyright. Subject to statutory exception


and to the provisions of relevant collective licensing agreements,
no reproduction of any part may take place without the written
permission of Cambridge University Press.

First published 2002


Second edition 2013

Printed in Poland by Opolgraf

A catalogue record for this publication is available from the British Library

ISBN 978-1-107-64637-7 Student’s Book with answers with Downloadable Software


ISBN 978-1-107-61116-0 Student’s Book without answers with Downloadable Software
ISBN 978-1-107-67056-3 Teacher’s Book
ISBN 978-1-107-67634-3 Class Audio CDs (2)
ISBN 978-1-107-61920-3 Workbook with answers with Audio CD
ISBN 978-1-107-62156-5 Workbook without answers with Audio CD
ISBN 978-1-107-63368-1 Student’s Book Pack (Student’s Book with answers with
Downloadable Software and Class Audio CDs (2))

Cambridge University Press has no responsibility for the persistence or


accuracy of URLs for external or third-party internet websites referred to in
this publication, and does not guarantee that any content on such websites is,
or will remain, accurate or appropriate. Information regarding prices, travel
timetables and other factual information given in this work is correct at
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the accuracy of such information thereafter.

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Cambridge University Press
978-1-107-67056-3 – Objective Proficiency
Annette Capel and Wendy Sharp
Frontmatter
More information

Contents

Acknowledgements 4
Map of Student’s Book 5
Content of Cambridge English: Proficiency 8
Introduction to the Second Edition 10

Unit 1 Ring the changes 11 Unit 13 Save the planet 90


Exam folder 1 16 Exam folder 7 95
Unit 2 Expectation 17 Unit 14 Get fit, live longer! 96
Writing folder 1 22 Writing folder 7 101
Unit 3 Strange behaviour 25 Unit 15 The daily grind 102
Exam folder 2 29 Exam folder 8 107
Unit 4 Sweet rituals 30 Unit 16 Hidden nuances 109
Writing folder 2 36 Writing folder 8 113
Units 1–4 Revision 38 Units 13–16 Revision 114

Unit 5 The consumer society 40 Unit 17 Defining happiness 116


Exam folder 3 44 Exam folder 9 120
Unit 6 The sound of music 45 Unit 18 On freedom 122
Writing folder 3 50 Writing folder 9 126
Unit 7 Before your very eyes 52 Unit 19 The unexplained 128
Exam folder 4 56 Exam folder 10 133
Unit 8 Urban jungle 57 Unit 20 A sense of humour 134
Writing folder 4 62 Writing folder 10 138
Units 5–8 Revision 64 Units 17–20 Revision 139

Unit 9 Fitting in 65 Photocopiable recording scripts 140


Exam folder 5 70 Sample answer sheets 153
Unit 10 Globalisation 71
Writing folder 5 75
Unit 11 For better, for worse 76
Exam folder 6 80
Unit 12 At the cutting edge 82
Writing folder 6 86
Units 9–12 Revision 88

co nt e nts 3

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Cambridge University Press
978-1-107-67056-3 – Objective Proficiency
Annette Capel and Wendy Sharp
Frontmatter
More information

Acknowledgements
The authors would like to thank Graham Burton for his meticulous
editorial work at manuscript stage, Alyson Maskell for her constructive
comments and careful management of proof stages, and Una Yeung of
Cambridge University Press for her help and support throughout the
project.

This product is informed by the English Vocabulary Profile, built as


part of English Profile, a collaborative programme designed to enhance
the learning, teaching and assessment of English worldwide. Its main
funding partners are Cambridge University Press and Cambridge
ESOL and its aim is to create a ‘profile’ for English linked to the
Common European Framework of Reference for Languages (CEFR).
English Profile outcomes, such as the English Vocabulary Profile,
will provide detailed information about the language that learners
can be expected to demonstrate at each CEFR level, offering a clear
benchmark for learners’ proficiency. For more information, please visit
www.englishprofile.org

Development of this publication has made use of the Cambridge


English Corpus (CEC). The CEC is a computer database of
contemporary spoken and written English, which currently stands at
over one billion words. It includes British English, American English
and other varieties of English.  It also includes the Cambridge Learner
Corpus, developed in collaboration with the University of Cambridge
ESOL Examinations. Cambridge University Press has built up the CEC
to provide evidence about language use that helps to produce better
language teaching materials.

The authors and publishers acknowledge the following sources of


copyright material and are grateful for the permissions granted.
While every effort has been made, it has not always been possible to
identify the sources of all the material used, or to trace all copyright
holders. If any omissions are brought to our notice, we will be happy
to include the appropriate acknowledgements on reprinting.

Cambridge ESOL for the table on p. 24 and the sample answer sheets
on pages 153–157.  Reproduced with permission of Cambridge ESOL
© 2013
The Guardian 26/2/2001, for the listening exercise on p. 121 adapted
from ‘Why I dumped the City job with the six-figure salary’ by Bruce
Robinson, The Guardian 3/4/2001;
BBC Radio 3 for the listening exercise on p. 48 from Music Machine
originally broadcast 26 January 1999;
The Times 24/11/1999, for the listening exercise on p. 91 (Extract
3) adapted from ‘Glad to be a Gaia’ by Anjana Ahuja The Times
15/5/2000. Copyright © The Times 2000, 1999;
Mark Wilbur for the listening exercise on p. 74 (Extract 3) adapted
from Doubting to shuo www.toshuo.com. Reproduced with
permission;
BBC Wildlife Magazine for the listening exercise on p. 91 (Extract 1)
from My Kind of Life by Sue Beenstock, January 2001.

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Cambridge University Press
978-1-107-67056-3 – Objective Proficiency
Annette Capel and Wendy Sharp
Frontmatter
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Map of Objective Proficiency Student’s Book

TOPIC LESSON FOCUS EXAM SKILLS GRAMMAR VOCABULARY


Unit 1 1.1 Listening and Vocabulary Paper 1 Reading and Use of English: 1 Perfect tenses Introduction to idioms
Ring the changes 8–13 1.2 Grammar Paper 2 Writing: 1 Summarising ideas Phrasal verbs
Talking about change 1.3 Reading into Writing Paper 3 Listening: 4 Word formation – suffix
endings
Exam folder 1 14–15 Paper 1 Reading and Use of English: 3
Word formation cloze
Unit 2 2.1 Reading and Vocabulary Paper 1 Reading and Use of English: 7 Aspects of the Collocations with
Expectation 16–21 2.2 Grammar and Vocabulary Paper 3 Listening: 1 future traveller
Expectations 2.3 Listening and Speaking Paper 4 Speaking: 1 Pronunciation: Prepositional phrases
homophones Have no + noun
Phrases – nouns with
related verbs
Writing folder 1 22–23 Paper 2 Writing: 1
Essay
Unit 3 3.1 Listening and Vocabulary Paper 1 Reading and Use of English: 2 Conditional Phrases – fixed pairs of
Strange behaviour 24–29 3.2 Grammar Paper 2 Writing: 1 Reformulation clauses words
Human and animal behaviour 3.3 Reading into Writing Modifiers – quite, rather,
fairly
Word formation –
negative adjectives
Exam folder 2 30–31 Paper 1 Reading and Use of English: 2
and 4
Open cloze
Key word transformations
Unit 4 4.1 Reading and Vocabulary Paper 1 Reading and Use of English: 5 Past tenses Collocations
Sweet rituals 32–37 4.2 Grammar and Vocabulary Paper 4 Speaking: 2 Compound adjectives
Food and ritual 4.3 Listening and Speaking Adjectives and idioms to
do with food
Writing folder 2 38–39 Paper 2 Writing: 2
Review
Revision Units 1–4 40–41
Unit 5 5.1 Listening and Vocabulary Paper 1 Reading and Use of English: 1 Countable/ Phrasal verbs
The consumer society 42–47 5.2 Grammar and Vocabulary Paper 2 Writing: 1 Working with two uncountable Phrases with right
Advertising, shopping 5.3 Reading into Writing texts nouns Prepositions
Paper 3 Listening: 2 Possession Abstract nouns
Spelling
Exam folder 3 48–49 Paper 1 Reading and Use of English: 1
Lexical cloze
Unit 6 6.1 Reading and Vocabulary Paper 1 Reading and Use of English: 2, 4 Degrees of Phrases with take
The sound of music 50–55 6.2 Grammar and 6 likelihood Collocations with
Music 6.3 Listening and Speaking Paper 3 Listening: 2 Pronunciation: adjectives and adverbs
Paper 4 Speaking: 2 contrastive stress Idioms with music words
Writing folder 3 56–57 Paper 2 Writing: 2
Essay
Unit 7 7.1 Listening and Vocabulary Paper 1 Reading and Use of English: 3 Participle clauses Idioms with eye
Before your very eyes 58–63 7.2 Grammar Paper 2 Writing: 1 Exemplifying your Extended noun phrases
Art and sight 7.3 Reading into Writing ideas Adjectives showing
Paper 3 Listening: 1 disapproval
Exam folder 4 64–65 Paper 1 Reading and Use of English: 7
Multiple matching

ma p o f o bj e c t ive p ro f i c i e n c y stu d e nt ’s bo ok 5

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Cambridge University Press
978-1-107-67056-3 – Objective Proficiency
Annette Capel and Wendy Sharp
Frontmatter
More information

TOPIC LESSON FOCUS EXAM SKILLS GRAMMAR VOCABULARY


Unit 8 8.1 Reading and Vocabulary Paper 1 Reading and Use of English: 4 Inversion Compound adjectives
Urban jungle 66–71 8.2 Grammar and Vocabulary and 7
City living 8.3 Listening, Speaking and Paper 4 Speaking: 3 Phrases with place
Vocabulary
Writing folder 4 72–73 Paper 2 Writing: 2
Set text question: Film tie-in
Revision Units 5–8 74–75
Unit 9 9.1 Listening and Vocabulary Paper 1 Reading and Use of English: 2 Gerunds and Phrases with come
Fitting in 76–81 9.2 Grammar and Vocabulary and 4 infinitives Prefixes
Attitudes 9.3 Reading into Writing Paper 2 Writing: 1 Linking Linking words and
Paper 3 Listening: 4 phrases
Personal appearance,
personality
Exam folder 5 82–83 Paper 1 Reading and Use of English: 6
Gapped text

Unit 10 10.1 Reading and Vocabulary Paper 1 Reading and Use of English: 1, 3 Reference Expressions with turn
Globalisation 84–89 10.2 Grammar and and 4 devices
Language and culture Vocabulary Paper 3 Listening: 1 Expressing
10.3 Listening and Speaking Paper 4 Speaking: 2 wishes and
preferences
Pronunciation:
word stress
Writing folder 5 90–91 Paper 2 Writing: 2
Article
Unit 11 11.1 Listening and Paper 1 Reading and Use of English: 2 Gradability Phrasal verbs
For better, for worse 92–97 Vocabulary and 3 Idioms to do with
Relationships 11.2 Grammar Paper 2 Writing: 1 Reformulation 2 relationships
11.3 Reading into Writing Paper 3 Listening: 3
Exam folder 6 98–99 Paper 3 Listening: 4
Multiple matching
Unit 12 12.1 Reading and Vocabulary Paper 1 Reading and Use of English: 1, 4 Passive Idioms with technical
At the cutting edge 100–105 12.2 Grammar and 6 structures words
Scientific advances 12.3 Listening and Speaking Paper 4 Speaking: 3 Pronunciation: Phrases with set
stress and
emphasis
Writing folder 6 106–107 Paper 2 Writing: 2
Report
Revision Units 9–12 108–109
Unit 13 13.1 Listening and Paper 1 Reading and Use of English: 1 Reported speech Vocabulary – the
Save the planet 110–115 Vocabulary and 2 environment
The environment 13.2 Grammar Paper 2 Writing: 1 Giving opinions Register
13.3 Reading into Writing Paper 3 Listening: 1 Synonyms

Exam folder 7 116–117 Paper 1 Reading and Use of English: 5


Multiple-choice text
Unit 14 14.1 Reading and Vocabulary Paper 1 Reading and Use of English: 4 Articles review Register
Get fit, live longer! 118–123 14.2 Grammar and and 7 Pronunciation: Phrases with live
Sport and health Vocabulary Paper 3 Listening: 3 noun/verb/ Phrases with nouns and
14.3 Listening and Speaking Paper 4 Speaking: 2 adjective stress no article
Prepositions
Word formation
Writing folder 7 124–125 Paper 2 Writing: 2
Letter

6 ma p of o bj ec t ive p r o f i c i e n c y stu d e nt ’s bo o k

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Cambridge University Press
978-1-107-67056-3 – Objective Proficiency
Annette Capel and Wendy Sharp
Frontmatter
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TOPIC LESSON FOCUS EXAM SKILLS GRAMMAR VOCABULARY


Unit 15 15.1 Listening and Paper 1 Reading and Use of English: 2 Purpose and Topic expressions
The daily grind 126–131 Vocabulary Paper 2 Writing: 1 Contrasting ideas reason clauses Neologisms
The world of work 15.2 Grammar Paper 3 Listening: 3 Gender-specific words
15.3 Reading into Writing
Exam folder 8 132–133 Paper 3 Listening: 2
Sentence completion
Unit 16 16.1 Reading and Vocabulary Paper 1 Reading and Use of English: 3, 4 Concessive Adjectives describing
Hidden nuances 134–139 16.2 Grammar and and 5 clauses character
Literature and the printed Vocabulary Paper 4 Speaking: 3 Pronunciation:
word 16.3 Listening and Speaking silent consonants
Writing folder 8 140–141 Paper 2 Writing: 2
Set text question: Review
Revision Units 13–16 142–143
Unit 17 17.1 Listening and Paper 1 Reading and Use of English: 1, 2 Comparison Idioms to do with
Defining happiness Vocabulary and 4 emotions
144–149 17.2 Grammar and Paper 2 Writing: 1 Full Task 1 Metaphor
Happiness and well-being Vocabulary Paper 3 Listening: 4 Synonyms
17.3 Reading into Writing Idioms to do with
hardship
Exam folder 9 150–151 Paper 3 Listening: 1
Multiple-choice questions
Paper 3 Listening: 3
Multiple-choice questions
Unit 18 18.1 Reading and Vocabulary Paper 1 Reading and Use of English: 1, Review of Synonyms
On freedom 152–157 18.2 Grammar and 3, 4 and 6 modals
Freedom Vocabulary Paper 4 Speaking: 2
18.3 Listening and Speaking Pronunciation:
stress and
intonation
Writing folder 9 158–159 Paper 2 Writing: 2
Essay
Unit 19 19.1 Listening and Paper 1 Reading and Use of English: 1 Word order and Adjectives describing
The unexplained 160–165 Vocabulary and 2 adverbs personality
Strange places and happenings 19.2 Grammar Paper 2 Writing: 1 Full Task 2 Onomatopoeia
19.3 Reading into Writing Paper 3 Listening: 2 Word formation
Exam folder 10 166–167 Paper 4 Speaking
Unit 20 20.1 Reading and Vocabulary Paper 1 Reading and Use of English: 2, 4 Uses of have, get Expressions with go
A sense of humour 168–173 20.2 Grammar and and 5 and go
Humour Vocabulary Paper 3 Listening: 3 Pronunciation:
20.3 Listening and Speaking Paper 4 Speaking: 3 loan words
Writing folder 10 174–175 Paper 2 Writing: 2
Articles and letters
General advice
Revision Units 17–20 176–177
Grammar folder 178–188
Revision crosswords 189–191
Answers and recording scripts 192–279
Acknowledgements 278

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Cambridge University Press
978-1-107-67056-3 – Objective Proficiency
Annette Capel and Wendy Sharp
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Content of Cambridge English: Proficiency (CPE)

Cambridge English: Proficiency, also known as Certificate of Proficiency in English (CPE) consists of four papers,
each of which carries 25% of the total marks. It is not necessary to pass all four papers in order to pass the
examination. If you achieve a grade A, B or C in the examination, you will receive the Cambridge English:
Proficiency certificate at Level C2. If your performance is below Level C2, but falls within Level C1, then you will
receive a Cambridge English certificate stating that you have demonstrated ability at C1 level.
As well as being told your grade, you will also be given a Statement of Results – a graphical profile of your
performance, i.e. it will show whether you have done especially well or badly on some of the papers.

Paper 1 Reading and Use of English 1 hour 30 minutes


There are seven parts to this paper and they are always in the same order. For Parts 1 to 4, the test contains texts
with accompanying grammar and vocabulary tasks, and separate items with a grammar and vocabulary focus.
For Parts 5 to 7, the test contains a range of texts and accompanying reading comprehension tasks. The texts are
from books (fiction and non-fiction), non-specialist articles from journals, magazines and newspapers.
Part Task Type Number of Task Format Objective Exam Folder
Questions

1 Lexical cloze 8 You must choose which word from four answers completes 3 (48–49)
each of the gaps in a text.

2 Open cloze 8 You must complete a text with eight gaps using only one 2 (30–31)
word in each gap.

3 Word formation 8 You need to use the right form of a given word to fill each 1 (14–15)
cloze of eight gaps in a text.

4 Key word 6 You must complete a sentence with a given word, so that it 2 (30–31)
transformations means the same as the first sentence.

5 Multiple-choice 6 You must read a text and answer the questions by finding 7 (116–117)
text the relevant information in the text.

6 Gapped text 7 You must read a text from which paragraphs have been 5 (82–83)
removed and placed in jumbled order, together with an
additional paragraph, after the text. You need to decide
from where in the text the paragraphs have been removed.

7 Multiple matching 10 You read a text or several short texts, preceded by multiple- 4 (64–65)
matching questions. You must match a prompt to elements
in the text.

8 conte nt o f c am b r i d ge e n g li s h : p ro f i c i e n c y

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978-1-107-67056-3 – Objective Proficiency
Annette Capel and Wendy Sharp
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Paper 2 Writing 1 hour 30 minutes


There are two parts to this paper. Part 1 is compulsory, you have to answer it. In Part 2 there are five questions
and you must choose one. Each part carries equal marks and you are expected to write 240–280 words for Part 1
and 280–320 words for Part 2.
Part Task Type Number of Task Format Objective Writing Folder or Unit
Tasks

1 Question 1 1 You are given two short WF 1 (22–23); U1 (12–13); U3 (28–29);


An essay with a discursive focus compulsory texts and you must write an U5 (46–47); U7 (62–63); U9 (80–81);
essay summarising and U11 (96–97); U13 (114–115);
evaluating the key ideas U15 (130–131); U17 (148–149);
contained in the texts. U19 (164–165)

2 Questions 2–4 5 You are given a choice of Essay WF 3 and 9 (56–57; 158–159)
• an essay choose one topics which you have to Article WF 5 and 10 (90–91; 174–175)
• an article respond to in the way
Letter WF 7 and 10 (124–125; 174–175)
• a letter specified.
• a report Review WF 2 (38–39)
• a review Report WF 6 (106–107)
Question 5 Set text: Film tie-in WF 4 (72–73)
Choice of two questions – one on
Set text: Review WF 8 (140–141)
each of the specified set texts:
article, essay, letter, review, report

Paper 3 Listening about 40 minutes


There are four parts to this paper. Each part is heard twice. The texts are a variety of types either with one
speaker or more than one.
Part Task Type Number of Task Format Objective
Questions Exam Folder

1 Multiple-choice 6 You hear three short, unrelated extracts, with either one or two 9 (150–151)
questions speakers. You must answer two questions on each extract, choosing
from A, B or C.

2 Sentence 9 You must complete spaces in sentences with information given by 8 (132–133)
completion one speaker.

3 Multiple-choice 5 You will hear two or more speakers interacting. You must choose 9 (150–151)
questions your answer from A, B, C or D.

4 Multiple matching 10 There are two tasks, each task containing five questions. You must 6 (98–99)
select the correct option from a list of eight.

Paper 4 Speaking about 16 minutes


There are three parts to this paper. There are usually two of you taking the examination and two examiners. This
paper tests your accuracy, vocabulary, pronunciation and ability to communicate and complete the tasks.
Part Task Type Time Task Format Objective
Exam Folder

1 The interviewer asks each 2 minutes You will be asked some questions about yourself 10 (166–167)
candidate some questions and asked to express personal opinions.

2 Two-way conversation between 4 minutes You will be given visual and written prompts and 10 (166–167)
candidates asked to have a discussion.

3 A long turn for each candidate 10 minutes You will be given a written question to respond to. 10 (166–167)
followed by a discussion on in total You will then be asked to engage in a discussion on
related topics related topics.

cont e nt o f c am bri d g e e n g li s h : p ro f i c i e n c y 9

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Cambridge University Press
978-1-107-67056-3 – Objective Proficiency
Annette Capel and Wendy Sharp
Frontmatter
More information

Introduction to the Second Edition


What is new about this second edition? corpus of learner data in the world: the Cambridge Learner
Although the basic structure and approach of Objective Corpus. This contains learner writing at all levels of the
Proficiency remains the same, you will find a lot that is CEFR from more than 200 countries.
new. The second edition has addressed all the changes
What is the English Vocabulary Profile?
in specification to the Cambridge English: Proficiency
Over four years in research and development, the English
(CPE) examination (2013) and the material has also been
Vocabulary Profile is an interactive web resource that
informed by the English Vocabulary Profile – see below.
provides detailed information on the words, phrases,
Student’s Book with Downloadable Practice phrasal verbs and idioms that are known by learners at each
Material level of the CEFR. There are around 7,000 headword entries
In the Student’s Book, the unit topics are unchanged but included up to C2 level.
many of the texts are new, together with new illustrations Each entry presents the individual meanings and uses of
and photos, additional exercises and new audio recordings. a word in CEFR order, to suggest learning priorities. For
Special attention has been paid to the compulsory task on example, the entry for the word line includes the core
Paper 2 Writing. Ten new Reading into Writing lessons meaning of the noun LONG MARK – as in write on the line
offer systematic training for this exam task and also develop – at A2, RAILWAY – a railway track – at B1, PRODUCT
relevant sub-skills for academic writing. – a type of product that a company sells – at C1, and a
A set of online interactive exercises provides extra practice number of idioms featuring the noun at C2: toe the line, the
in reading, listening, writing, grammar and vocabulary. The bottom line, (put yourself) on the line, etc. The verb line and
software includes full answer keys and recording scripts and two related phrasal verbs are also included within the entry.
is available to download for free from www.cambridge.org/ The English Vocabulary Profile lists many common phrases
objectiveproficiency/student within its entries too: the entry for the noun way includes
22 phrases across the CEFR levels, such as by the way at
Workbook with Audio CD A2, one way or another at B2, and go out of your way (to
The Workbook has been revised and extended to provide do something) at C2. Phrasal verbs are included at the end
more practice in grammar, vocabulary, reading, writing and of an entry, and it is possible to search for words, phrases,
listening, with a new audio CD component. phrasal verbs and idioms as separate categories by level.
Teacher’s Book with Downloadable Teacher’s How has this new edition of Objective Proficiency
Resources been informed by the English Vocabulary Profile?
The Teacher’s Book provides lesson plans, detailed unit The authors have made use of the online resource to add to
notes, answer keys and sample answers for all writing tasks, the breadth and reliability of the course content, providing
recording scripts, extension activities and background additional level-appropriate words, phrases, phrasal verbs
information. There are also photocopiable recording scripts and idioms for individual units. The Idiom spot and Phrase
for certain activities. spot sections have been revised in this way to ensure they
Additional Teacher’s Resources, including a photocopiable continue to represent current usage.
complete practice test for Cambridge English: Proficiency Successful candidates at Cambridge English: Proficiency
with audio, answer keys and sample answers, are must demonstrate ‘exceptional English ability’ and this
available to download for free from www.cambridge.org/ mastery of the language presupposes a very wide command
objectiveproficiency/teacher of vocabulary. To this end, Objective Proficiency also
features words and phrases that lie outside the scope of the
What is English Profile?
English Vocabulary Profile.
English Profile is a long-term research programme that
is seeking to describe what learners know and can do in How to get involved in English Profile
English at each level of the Common European Framework The English Profile Programme is developing a new corpus
of Reference (CEFR). The CEFR is ‘language-neutral’, as it of learner English – the Cambridge English Profile Corpus
is designed to work for all languages. A number of English – which will include both spoken and written data. You and
Profile projects, initially targeting grammar, functions, and your students can get involved! Joining the data contributor
vocabulary, will illustrate in detail what the CEFR means network is straightforward and has many benefits. Visit
for English. the English Profile website to find out more at www.
English Profile researchers make extensive use of various englishprofile.org, where you will also be able to sign up to
corpora of language data, including the largest analysed the English Vocabulary Profile for free.

10 i ntrod u c t i o n to t h e seco n d e d it i o n

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