ne Artist? Medium Mediu Comes from the lain word nediuin’ 8 Denotes the means by which artis’s communicates his idea is feelings oF thoughts. hi These are materials which are used by an amit interpret The Different works of Art and its Me ARCHITEC “T and his MEDIUM: wood Bamboo Bricks tone Concrete Ft. ‘The Painter and his Medium He uses pigments on wood or canvass to create different reality of nature The Sculptor and his Medium Steel Marble Bronze Metal and wood M jcian ~ uses sound and instruments to communicate its subject A literary writer uses words in literature. ‘A musician uses sound and instruments to communicate +A literary writer uses words in literature > On the basis of medium, the arts are classified as: 1. Visual arts 2. Auditory arts ‘Visual arts ~ are those whose mediums can be seen and which occupy space. Auditory arts ~ are those whose mediums can be heard and which are expressed in time. Ex. Musie and Literature the combined arts are those whose mediums can be both seen and heardBx Dane » the opera, drama and movies * Technique is th manner in which the artists controls his medi to achieve the de Wis the ability with which he fulfills the technical req The Artist and his Technique > Artists differ from one another in technique even if they use the same mediym Example. A musician’s technique is his ability to make music sound the way he wants A sculptor's technique is his way of handiing chisel and hammer to a work of at Mediums of the Visual Arts ‘+ Visual arts are those that are perceived with our eyes, * The most common visual arts are ) sculpture ») painting )arehitecture Sculpture ‘+ The materials available for sculpture are limitless, 1. Stone ~is the hard and brittle substance formed from mineral and earth material, > the finished product is granular and dull in appearance > stones include sandstone, granite, basalt, marble and limestone 2 Jade isa fine, colorful stone, usually green and used widely in ancient China > itis used as an omamental stone for carving and fashion jewelry > iis believed to symbolize virtues such as faithfulness, wisdom and charity 3. Ivory - which comes from the main parts of tusks of elephants is the hard white substance used to make carvings and billiard balls, the faces and hands of images of saints are made of ivory. 4 Metals > include any of a class of elementary substances such as gold, silver, or copper > its main quality is that it can be shaped into any direction or formed under great pressure without breaking $. Bronze ~ itis one ofthe oldest alloys of metal composing chiefly of copper and tn with color > Bronze as a material is strong, dur ome.ails Vis analloy of, Hmitations as a medium PP tM Zine and itis not popularly used by antsts because ots > the “SADute may be polished to give it excellent biane and splendor. 7. Copper ~ has ® peculiar atmospheric conosien lite its basically shaped by hammering i resistant to 8. Gold and silver — are ‘wood Pieces of jewelry. be Accessories or religi Used as casting materials for small objects like medal, coins, end “ause they are quite expensive, they are used for either personal ous adomment amt A ' (atau metal exblead permanent mat whch drag end Bricks: ‘orging. With the help of a ‘welding torch iron, it can be worked into a variety of unique and : exciting forms + Stone 10. Plaster —is composition of ime, snd and water. This medium ewe for making ee Banikns, models, mold, and other indoor sclpure 1 Clay —is aural cay material hat inthe ef pliy when wet > tis wed for making bricks and eames > lays generally faites its necesty to cast iin another durable material ie Painter > the surface of the finished product made of clay may be painted or glazed buses Pig 12. Glass - is a medium that is hard, brittle, ‘ansparent substances he Seulp > this is used to make beautiful and fragile figurines + st > ivcan be molded in various coors and shapes -™M 13, Wad ~ is «medium whichis easier to carve because it can be intently carved ad subjected into avai of treatment not possible wih sone. ou 14, Terra cotta ~ is the tenderest of sculptural materials this is used in vases, figurines ot 7 Western Painting music * Egypt Greece and Rame . ‘* Ancient Egypt, a civilization with very strong traditions of architecture and sculpture Ae Coot originally punted in bright colors) also had many mural paimngs in temples and buildings, and painted illustrations on papyrus manuscripts. * The ancient Egyptians created paintings to make the afterlife ofthe deceased a pleasant lace. ‘The themes included journey through the afterworld or their protective deities introducing the deceased to the gods of the underworld. + Some examples of such paintings are paintings ofthe gods and goddesses Ra, Horus, ‘Anubis, Nut, Osiris and Isis. ‘+ Painting on pottery of Ancient Greece and ceramics gives a particulary informative ‘glimpse into the way society in Ancient Greece functioned. ROME «Roman art was influenced by Greece and can in Part be taken as a descendant of ancient Greek painting * However, Roman painting does have important unique characteristicsThe The He us The Middle Ages to painting styles, ed by the 6th century, placed great emphasis on ‘Style, and has changed relatively lite through the we 7atine Empire and the contiuing tadiione fOr oe ting, + InByzan 'yzantine Painting, icons were and ‘Still are seen as a reflection of the divine. ‘There were also ma ny wall-paintings in fi fewer o ve survi Sane 18S in fresco, but fewer of these have survived than {In general Byzantium ant borders on abstraction, in its flamess and highly stylized ‘depictions of figures and landscape Renaissance ~ It means re-birth ‘The Renaissance is said by many to be the golden age of painting Roughly spanning the 14th through the mid 17th century, * In ltaly artists like Leonardo da Vinci, Micbelangelo i, Raphael, Giovanni Bellini and Titian took painting to a higher level through the use of perspective, the study of human {anatomy and proportion, and through ther development of an unprecedented refinement in drawing and painting techniques. Baroque ‘During the period beginning around 1600 and continuing throughout the 17th century, painting is characterized as Baroque. * Among the greatest painters of the Baroque are Caravaggio, Rembrandt, Rubens, Velazquez, Poussin, and Vermeer. ‘+ During the 18th century, Rococo followed as a decadent sub-genre of Baroque, lighter, often frivolous and erotic. Jean-Bapriste-Siméon Chardin was considered by some as the best French painter ofthe 18th century 19th century: ‘Neo- classicism, — Romanticisin, Impressionism, Post Impressionism Afier the decadence of Rococo there arose in the late 18th century an ascetic neo-classicism, best represented by such artists as Jacques Louis David and his heir Jean Auguste Dominique Ingres. Ingres’ work already contains much of the sensuality, bu none ofthe spontaneity, that was to characterize Romanticism This movement turned its attention toward landscape and nature as well as the ‘human figure and the supremacy of natural order above mankind's will. The heritage of painters like Van Gogh, Cézanne, Gauguin, and Scurat was essential for the development of moder art+ Atthe beginning of the 20th, cent revolutionized the Pars at ean dy ster saunas AST Penne eaten NIMS ead * Pablo Pi is is pees cre made his frst cubist paintings based ‘on Cézanne's idea that all depiction of ‘Teduced to three solids ‘ube, sphere and cone Pioneers of ‘Modern Art In the first two decades of the 20th, ‘Century and after cubism, several other important ‘Movements emerged: 1Futurism 2.Abstract art 3. Constructivism 4. Surrealism 5. Expressionism Modern painting influenced al the visual an, from Modernist architecture and design, to Svant-garde film, theatre and modern dance and became an experimental laboratory for the expression of visual experience, from photography and concrete poetry to advertising art and fashion * Expressionism developed during the late 19th and early 20th centuries. ‘ + The subjects of expressionist works were frequently distorted, or otherwise altered. *+ Landmarks ofthis movement were violent colors and exaggerated ines that helped contain intense emovional expression. Abstract Expressionism Surrealism 7 Surrealism would advocate the dea that ordinary and depictve expressions are vital and important, but that the sense oftheir arrangement must be open to the fll range of imagination. ING Musi oo © Istheart of representing an idea or object with pigments, Artist's pigments refer tothe : art mediums used t produce the painting. Amu z © To satisfy one's creative and aesthetic desires. © To decorate interior of buildings. © Tocommemorate important events, heroes and love ones, 2 © To glorify God and saints Me © To.dverise or popularize art products, movie pictures, ee, aon ‘Kinds of Painting as to Character of the Subjects Z 2 © Porat Painting- painting ofa person, especially of the face and part othe breast. ee © Historical Painting. pictorial representation of historical events. © Religious painting painting of religious subjects,Gente (zhantt) pa {nd Customs of he po ple © Still tite Finan, Hats, shoes, ower © Mural Paint © The anist is tied down bya Shapes colors and sizes win ios ~ ablations to apesrances of things, thi > which ae shmost ean confi with his sense of gy ° nor seigot iu, urges es in terms Of shapes, sizes, ete. and such it eecupies as . con ‘The Representation of Painting * This invotves imagery ereatior 3 ofthe dese objeto eer inl physic ‘details in the painter's canvas, i ey 7 The Expression in Painting * Expression apparently refers to the message ‘communicated by the painter in terms of symbols, Expression * is the painter's vision embodied in the painting, in the painters eapacity to endow his painting with life so that those who look atthe painting are affected and are aroused into some kind of intellectual probing forthe painter's message and of *+ emotional reactions to the painted image. The Progress of Pa 1g~ The Periods of Art in History Prechistorie Art ‘+The earliest art forms were by thy Cro-Magnon man and the Grimaldi tribes. It was the Product of a hunting society Cro-Magnon art was widely diffused in France, Spain, Austria, Switzerland and Yugoslavia, ‘The subject manner of this art were animals like bulls and bisons, Greek Art * Throughout the progress of painting in Greece, the same subject matter persisted: young nude males, draped females, This later broudened to include slaves, wounded soldiers, and scenes from everyday life,Roman Art + Thesubject mater here were commemorate states, Roman emo eqestian statues, sarcophagi, frescoes, and designs with vine motifs Medieval Art + ‘The subject matter of early Christian was symbols: the cr0ss+ the fish, eu ‘and Omega, triumphal wreaths, erapes, doves, and peacocks. Later the hal Christ with lamb, saints and the Virgin Mary, and mars Gothie Art hence we have the {gious and the grotesaues rations ange Me made use or jewel ke + The subject matter was co-mingling of the their works. Te technique made ‘Madonna's and gargoyles together in their w colors and rich dels. Renaissance ArURe- Birth rid : ject matter reed to include all aspects ofthe natural Wo a cogent th ith the revival of classical knowledge Mythologies! motifs compered with sacred ones. W cli, which ig earmark ofthe Renaissance, sacred scenes, CTY OVEr the Medieval Times placed within classical backgrounds Baroque Art «+The ar appeated tothe emotions ofthe faithful, «tras period of uneasy and conflicting tendencies: sensual and highly decorative, as in Rubens; «+ restraint and moralizing oitcism, as in Poussin: pulse as in Rembrandt ‘+ anup surge of religious Rococo Art «+ ‘The sensual Rococo with emphasis on voluptuousness; the academic Rococo with emphasis on the picturesque and the geaze Rococo with its intimate presentation of farm ‘end county. + Romanticism revolve an art which laid emphasis on the artist's subjective reactions to the past, events, Fandseapes and people. ‘The History of the Seulpture + Theistory of the seuptureis varied ans ustative of how sculpture hes changed extensively over the ages-from pre-historic and ancient civilizations to the contemporary. Sculpture in ancient times + Sculpture as an art form goes back to Prehistoric times. Most Stone Age statuettes were Hed ‘of ivory or soft stone, however some clay hurman and animal figures have been foun Seulntne- *,®abylonian timesEL The history of U Padieat in ee period is considered to begin with the reign of y Hammurabi was famous for his code of law & bearded bd, made of diorite is bel is been typical of the time ae to represent Hammurabi, The head huts the wide open eye Also well now isthe lamassu, « humaiheaded winged lion ftom #8}-499 BC unique ni feature ofthis piece is that it is carved with five legs, 0 tha ican have four leus visible if viewed from the side : Sculpture in ancient Egypt "The Sphinxes are form of ancient Egyptian sculpture, ‘The Sphinxes were statues of deities withthe body ofa lion and the head ofan animal or aman, ofr made w look like the Pharaoh, + ‘Themost famous is the Great Sphinx of Giz, located near the pyramids. It about 60 feet (18 m) high and 240 feet (73 m) long, and was buslt in 2500 BC ‘Aegean sculpture +The Aegean civilization covers the time perio of 3000-1200 B during the Bronze ‘Agen he area ofthe Acgean Seo. The Aegean civilization can De broken down into three main divisions, the Cyetadic, the Minoan and the Mycenaean «Characteristic oftheir sculpture ae marble sculptures ofthe human fire AS from aoe nize oii. The figures re usally nude females with her Amt crossed over their abdomen. ‘Sculpture of Ancient Rome ome different kinds of clasical Roman seulpture areas follows «Relief - shallow three dimensional carvings on flat surfaces, used for architectural works such as columns, arches and Temples. Free standing seulpture - Most ofthis work was destroyed during Barbarian inva cn chisinn rebuilding, The marble was bured for line and the bronze melt for ‘other purposes. «portrait sculpture - Subjects fr these sculptures would include various patiians and especially emperors - multiple copes of which were eieulated around the empire «Roman portait sculpture embodied Roman cvie virtues and have set the standard for Ewopean and America) public porat sculpture ever sinee, One well known example is the bust of Emperor Constantine ‘Sculpture in the Middle Ages Pre-Romanesque sculpture + Thesculpture in early Middle Ages is especially run by Barbarie civilizations, The objects wer especially small and light (00d, god, ivory) inorder to the tradition of nomadic and semi-nomadic populations. Romanesque sculpture «Approximately after 1000 there was a general rebirth of artistic production in all Europe, due to a general raise of econe ny, production and commerce.Great cathedrals and pilgrim’s churches were decorated with huge series of sculptures. Responding to this new need there was the restart of sculpture in monumental scale. Gothic sculpture sth of Daring the Gothie period (from 12th to 1Sth century) there was a complete rebirth o natural proportion and realistic human figure description in sculpture. Sculpture in the Renaissance * Renaissance means rebirth and this period takes its name from the renewed ing and interest in secular, classical art and literature developed among the ruling ant mercantile elites of Northern Italy in the 15th Century. 101 Michelangelo, Donatello, and Verocchio are three ofthe best known Italian sculptors of this period, ‘The Renaissance period ends with the beginning of the 17th century, as sculpture is Primarily called to serve a revived and militant Roman Catholicism. 3 ORDERS OF THE EARLY GREEK ARCHITECTURE Dorie-characterized by short, 2.faceted, ‘3.heavy columns 4. with plain, round capitals (tops) and 5.no base, Tonic It is distinguished by 1. slender, 2. fluted pillars 3. with a large base and 3 caggeRestd voles (ls called serfs inthe ehinus ofthe capital, The echinus itself is d 5. ecorated with an egg-and-dart motif. ‘The ene somtimes comes wit cominuous omament sich as carved figures instead. Corinthian - The Corinthian order is 3 HEMOs ome ofthe Grek orders, characterized bya slender fluted columa having an ome hw