1. A family wishes to install a solar collector for night hour use.

The cost of this buffer domestic

solar collector (solar panel + Collection tank) cost is to be optimized. During the day,
temperature of water in the tank rises from 25 0C (at 8 A.M.) to tmax. The solar collector receives
260 w/m2 of solar energy. The effective heating time for solar collector is 10 hours, solar
collector losses heat to the ambient air through convection. The convective heat transfer
coefficient between solar collector and ambient is 2 W/(m 2K), average temperature of solar
surface for 10 hours duration is (25+t max)/2 and for outside atmosphere is 10 0C. The cost of the
solar collector is 20 A, where A is the area of solar panel in m 2 and the cost of the storage vessel
is 101.5 V, where V is the volume in cubic meters. The energy that needs to be stored in the day
duration above 25 0C is 200,000 kJ. The density of water is 1000 kg/m 3 and specific heat of water
is 4.19 kJ/kg/K. Setup objective function and constraint in terms of A and V and find value of A
and V using Lagrange Multiplier method.