Codes and Standards

in
Plumbing and Sanitation

Chapter 02
• This presentation will cover key provisions of codes &
standards published by the bureau of Indian standards for public
health engineering

• Since India is de facto a continent but de jure a country the local

development control rules are expected to cover region specific
nuances of the subject.

• Hence possibility of some deviations in the national standard

and local dc rules cannot be denied.

• Discretion of audience is important in this aspect.

 The BIS has published codes for various aspects of plumbing
and sanitation viz
• Design assumptions and planning
• Material specifications
• Installation guidelines

This presentation shall cover only the codes that relate to design
and planning of plumbing and sanitation systems in projects.
 Index
Standard Year Title
Codes for Planning and Design Basis 1 Of 2
IS:10446 1983 Glossary of terms relating to water supply and sanitation
Code of Basic Requirements for Water Supply, Drainage and
IS:1172 1993
Sanitation
IS:1742 1983 Code of practice for building drainage
IS:1950 1962 Code of practice for sound insulation of non-industrial buildings
Code of practice for selection, installation and maintenance of
IS:2064 1993
sanitary appliances
IS:2065 1983 Code of practice for water supply in buildings
IS:5329 1983 Code of practice for sanitary pipe work above ground for building
Code of practice for water supply and drainage in high altitudes
IS:6295 1986
and/or subzero temperature regions
IS:7558 1974 Code of practice for domestic hot water installations
IS:10500 2012 Drinking Water
IS:11624 1986 Guidelines for the quality of irrigation water
 Index
Standard Year Title
Codes for Planning and Design Basis 2 Of 2
Code of practice for plumbing in multistoried buildings, Part 1:
IS:12183 1987
Water supply
IS:12251 1987 Code of practice for drainage of building basements
IS:12976 1990 Solar water heating systems- Code of practice
IS:15797 2008 Roof top rainwater harvesting – Guidelines
SP 7 2016 National Building Code of India 2016

CPHEEO Central Public Health and Environmental Engineering

2013
Manual Organization Manual 2013
Manual on norms and standards for environment clearance of
large construction projects, By MOEF
ECBC-2017 2017 Energy Conservation Building Code - 2017
EP Act 1986 1986 Environment protection act 1986
 IS:10446 - 1983
Glossary of terms relating to water supply and
sanitation
• As there are a number of technical terms in use in the field of
water supply and sanitation, standardization of terminology
would be useful to engineers, architects, contractors and others
in the profession.

• This standard covers definitions of the terms relating to water

supply and sanitation.
 IS:1172 - 1993
Code of Basic Requirements for Water Supply,
Drainage and Sanitation
• In this revision, requirements of water supply for residences
has been listed based on population of the community.
However, for Lower Income Group ( LIG ) and Economical
Weaker Section of Society ( EWS ), the value of minimum
requirement of water supply has been retained as 135 litres per
head per day. Fire demand in buildings has been catered to, by
giving reference to a suitable standard.

• This code represents a standard of good practice and,

therefore, takes the form of recommendations.
 IS:1172 - 1993
Code of Basic Requirements for Water Supply,
Drainage and Sanitation
• This standard lays down basic requirements for water supply,
drainage and sanitation for residential, commercial, industrial
and other types of buildings in urban areas including railway
platforms, bus stations and terminals, seaports, airports and
market yards.
 IS:1742 - 1983
Code of practice for building drainage
• This standard, published in 1960 and subsequently revised in
1972 was intended to bring out a long felt uniformity in the
variety of drainage practices followed by various Municipal
Corporation, Municipalities and other bodies in the country in
efficient drainage of surface and subsoil water and sewage
from buildings to public sewers. It is being revised to
incorporate improvements found necessary in the light of the
usage of the standard.
 IS:1950 - 1962
Code of practice for sound insulation of non-
industrial buildings
• This code is intended as a simple and convenient guide to the
engineers and architects in the field in dealing with noise
reduction and sound problems.
• Investigations on the effect of noise on human comfort and
annoyance have revealed that high noise conditions not only
result in uncomfortable living conditions, fatigue, inefficiency
and mental strain but prolonged exposure to such conditions
may cause temporary deafness or nervous breakdowns.
Considerable attention has, therefore, been paid to quietness in
working and living condition. This code is essentially based on
the data obtained from the experimental work and field studies
carried out in certain countries abroad such Britain, Sweden,
Holland and Denmark.
 IS:1950 - 1962
Code of practice for sound insulation of non-
industrial buildings
• Indoor noises arising out of plumbing installations may be
either due to the tenants on the upper or adjecent floor
“flushing appertunance" working or other similar causes; such
noise are particularly annoying during the night. Adequate
attention should be paid to the arrangements of piping in any
single apartment or house and to the design of the acoustic
barriers between two dwelling units. Similarly, the
construction of floors and ceilings of buildings having two or
more storey should provide for ‘the attenuation of impact
noises to, the desired degree of quietness.
• It is recommended to go through the provisions of EN 14366
for detailed study conducted on acoustic performances of
waste water piping.
 IS:2064 - 1993
Code of practice for selection, installation and
maintenance of sanitary appliances
• Installation of sanitary appliances in any public or private building is
usually governed by municipal bye-laws and rules there-under.
These are intended to regulate proper layout of the appliances and
their connections so that wastes are suitably disposed off to drains
without causing insanitary conditions and nuisance to public.
Noting the variations in the bye-laws and rules framed by different
authorities in the country, this Indian standard was first published in
1962 and subsequently revised in 1973 to ensure fulfillment of
minimum requirements.

• This revision of the standard provides more details of various

dimensions necessary for fixing in position of various sanitary
appliances. The revision incorporates reference to new/latest Indian
standards.
 IS:2065 - 1983
Code of practice for water supply in buildings
• This standard, first published in 1963 ‘and subsequently
revised in 1972, made an attempt to provide the minimum
standards for the design, layout and workmanship governing
water supply in buildings and helped in bringing about desired
uniformity in the bye-laws and regulations framed by different
water supply authorities in the country.

• The need for following the regulations are imperative as they

are intended for the prevention of waste, misuse, undue
consumption and contamination of drinking water, the
conservation of which has become an urgent necessity in
view of its increasing demand.
 IS:2065 - 1983
Code of practice for water supply in buildings
• This code deals with water supply in buildings, and covers
general requirements and regulations for water supply,
plumbing connected to public water supply, licensing of
plumbers, design of water supply systems, principles of
conveyance and distribution of water within the premises,
storage, water fittings and appliances, and inspection and
maintenance.
 IS:5329 - 1983
Code of practice for sanitary pipe work above ground
for building
• The code covers the traditional two-pipe system of plumbing
and the modern methods of plumbing, namely, the one-pipe
and the single stack system. In this revision guidance for the
choice of plumbing system and safeguards for single stack
system have been covered in detail. The requirements for soil
pipe, waste pipe and ventilating pipe have also been included.

• This code deals with the design installation of soil, waste and
ventilating pipes where they occur above ground both inside
and outside the building.
 IS:6295 - 1986
Code of practice for water supply and drainage in high
altitudes and/or subzero temperature regions
• This code is intended to give useful guidance to engineering
departments and others concerned with the provision of
adequate and suitable water supply and drainage systems in
high altitudes and subzero temperature regions in the country.
Large mountainous regions in the northern part of the country
inhabited by small communities living under primitive
conditions remained unexplored in the past.
• The important changes made in this revision are given below:
a) Alternate method to avoid freezing of water in the transmission
of water has been included; and
b) Hessian cloth/strip and asbestos coated lagging ropes have been
included as insulating material for pipes.
 IS:6295 - 1986
Code of practice for water supply and drainage in high
altitudes and/or subzero temperature regions
• This code gives recommendations regarding the factors to be
given consideration while planning and designing water
supply and sanitation system peculiar to high altitudes and/or
sub-zero temperature regions of the country.

• The broad principles involved in the planning and designing of

sanitary engineering are not materially different in high
altitudes and sub-zero temperature regions but also require
suitable modifications to meet the high altitude and low
temperature requirements. As such this code elaborates the
modifications required for the satisfactory functioning of water
supply and sanitation system in these regions of the country.
 IS:7558 - 1974
Code of practice for domestic hot water installations

• Hot water supply systems are being increasingly installed in

buildings especially in the colder regions of the country, hotels
and other places and this code is intended to give necessary
guidance for installation, inspection, etc.
• Good workmanship is an essential requirement for compliance
with this code.
• This code covers general requirements, design considerations,
installation practice, inspection and maintenance of individual
domestic hot water supply installations.
 IS:10500 - 2012
Drinking Water

• This standard prescribes the requirements and the methods of

sampling and test for drinking water.
• This standard specifies the acceptable limits and the
permissible limits in the absence of alternate source. It is
recommended that the acceptable limit is to be implemented as
values in excess of those mentioned under ‘Acceptable’ render
the water not suitable. Such a value may, however, be tolerated
in the absence of an alternative source. However, if the value
exceeds the limits indicated under ‘permissible limit in the
absence of alternate source’ in column 4 of Tables 1 to 4, the
sources will have to be rejected.
 IS:10500 - 2012
Drinking Water
• Pesticide residues limits and test methods given in Table 5 are
based on consumption pattern, persistence and available
manufacturing data. The limits have been specified based on
WHO guidelines, wherever available. In cases where WHO
guidelines are not available, the standards available from other
countries have been examined and incorporated, taking in view
the Indian conditions.
• In this revision, additional requirements for ammonia,
chloramines, barium, molybdenum, silver, sulphide, nickel,
polychlorinated biphenyls and trihalomethanes have been
incorporated while the requirements for colour, turbidity, total
hardness, free residual chlorine, iron, magnesium, mineral oil,
boron, cadmium, total arsenic, lead, polynuclear aromatic
hydrocarbons, pesticides and bacteriological requirements
have been modified.
 IS:10500 - 2012
Drinking Water
• In this revision, requirement and test method for virological
examination have been included. Further, requirements and
test methods for cryptosporidium and giardia have also been
specified.
 IS:11624 - 1986
Guidelines for the quality of irrigation water
• The quality of irrigation water is to be evaluated in terms of
degree of harmful effects on soil properties with respect to the
soluble salts it contains in different concentrations and crop
yield. To evaluate the quality of irrigation water, this standard
has been prepared as a guideline for advisory purposes.

• This standard prescribes the guidelines for assessing the

quality of irrigation water.
• In today’s times when use of reclaimed water is getting more
and more common for irrigation this code is of immense
purpose for planners and designers to decide the configuration
of treatment processes.
 IS:11624 - 1986
Guidelines for the quality of irrigation water
• WATER QUALITY CRITERIA FOR IRRIGATION
• The following chemical properties shall be considered for
developing water quality criteria for irrigation:
a) Total salt concentration,
b) Sodium adsorption ratio,
c) Residual sodium carbonate or bicarbonate ion concentration,
and
d) Boron content.
 IS:12183 - 1987
Code of practice for plumbing in multistoried
buildings, Part 1: Water supply
• Many administrative authorities controlling water supply have
their own sets of bye-laws, rules and regulations for water
supply to suit local conditions. These should be strictly
conformed to before operations are commenced for laying pipe
lines or plumbing systems which are to be connected to public
water supply. This code is intended to give the necessary
guidance on good practices of plumbing.
• This code deals with water supply in multi-storied buildings
and covers general requirements and regulations, design
considerations, plumbing systems, distribution system,
storage of water and inspection for water supply in multi-
storied buildings.
 IS:12251 - 1987
Code of practice for drainage of building basements
• Generally, in all multi-storied buildings, there are basements
which are used for parking, for having the plant room or other
utility purposes. The garbage chute installed in multi-storied
buildings also terminates in the basement. Sometimes common
toilets are also situated in the basement.
• In hotels and theatres, the basement plays a very important part
because the equipment like air-conditioners, machinery and
other ancillary equipment is placed in the basement. In hotels,
the basement has got much more importance because their
godown, grocery, confectionery and other offices are also
situated in the basement besides the equipment.
• The standard covers methods for basement drainage both for
sewage and storm water.
 IS:12976 - 1990
Solar water heating systems- Code of practice
• A solar water heating system consists mainly of three
components, namely solar collector, storage tank and
connecting pipes. Other. components which may be required
are heat exchangers, circulating pumps and measuring
instruments.
• This standard gives genera1 guidelines for solar water heating
systems.
• This standard gives general characteristics of all types of solar
water heating systems with flat plate or tubular collectors and
their performance evaluation methods.
• This standard provides the principles of corrosion, anti-freeze
and overheating protection of the system.
 IS:15797 - 2008
Roof top rainwater harvesting - Guidelines
• With the surfacing of earth with pavements and roads that the
modern day construction is doing we shall one day have enough
water to drown but nothing to drink.
• Therefore rainwater harvesting is an option which has been adopted
in many parts of the world where due to increase in population
conventional water supply system has failed to meet the needs of the
people.
• The term 'Water Harvesting‘ connotes collection and storage of
rainwater and also other activities aimed at harvesting surface water,
prevention of loss through evaporation and seepage.
• As mentioned above natural recharge to ground water has reduced
due to shrinkage of open area consequent to increased urban
activities. Ground water levels have registered a marked decline,
unplanned disposal of waste has resulted in deterioration of ground
water quality. In view of the gap between demand and supply there
is an utmost need for adopting roof top rainwater harvesting and
augmenting ground water storage .
 IS:15797 - 2008
Roof top rainwater harvesting - Guidelines
 This standard lays down guidelines for roof top rainwater
harvesting.
 Factors Determining Type/System Of Rainwater Harvesting
• Rainfall Quantity
• Rainfall Pattern
• Collection Surface Area
• Storage Capacity
 SP7: 2016
National Building Code 2016
 The National Building Code of India is a single document in
which, the information contained in various Indian Standards
is woven into a pattern of continuity and cogency with the
interdependent requirements of Parts/Sections carefully
analyzed and fitted in to make the whole document
comprehensive.
• The Code contains regulations which can be immediately
adopted or enacted for use by various departments, municipal
administrations and public bodies. It lays down a set of
minimum provisions designed to protect the safety of the
public with regard to structural sufficiency, fire hazards and
health aspects of buildings; so long as these basic requirements
are met, the choice of materials and methods of design and
construction are left to the ingenuity of the building
professionals.
 SP7: 2016
National Building Code 2016
• The Code also covers aspects of administrative provisions,
development control rules and general building requirements;
fire safety requirements; stipulations regarding materials and
structural design; rules for design of electrical installations,
lighting, air conditioning and heating, installation of lifts;
provisions for ventilation, acoustics and plumbing services,
such as water supply, drainage, sanitation and gas supply;
measures to ensure safety of workers and public during
construction; and rules for erection of signs and outdoor
display structures.
 SP7: 2016
National Building Code 2016
PART 9 PLUMBING SERVICES

• This Code (Part 9/Section 1) covers the requirements of water

supply in buildings.
• The water supply provisions covered in this Section
encompass the requirements of water supply, plumbing
connected to public water supply, design of water supply
systems, principles of conveyance and distribution of water
within the premises, hot water supply system, inspection and
maintenance of water supply. It also covers design of water
supply systems in high altitudes and/or sub-zero temperature
regions.
 SP7: 2016
National Building Code 2016
PART 9 PLUMBING SERVICES
• In the first version of the Code formulated in 1970, three
separate sections of Part 9 Plumbing Services were brought
out, namely, Section 1 Water supply, Section 2 Drainage and
sanitation, and Section 3 Gas supply. These sections were
subsequently revised in 1983. The major changes incorporated
in the first revision in Section 1 Water supply, were:
rationalization of definitions and addition of definitions for
more terms; addition of universal pipe friction diagram and
nomogram of Hazen and Willam’s equation for discharge
computation, deleting the discharge curves based on Chezy.s
formula;
 SP7: 2016
National Building Code 2016
PART 9 PLUMBING SERVICES
• Introduction of a detailed clause giving guidance on the design
of water supply system for multi-storied buildings;
modification to indicate that separate storage need be provided
for flushing and domestic purposes for health reasons and a
single storage tank may not be provided; modification/
amplification of provisions relating to domestic hot water
supply installations; introduction of a detailed clause covering
recommendations to be considered while planning and
designing water supply systems peculiar to high altitude and/or
sub-zero temperature regions of the country; and addition of
requirements relating to inspection, testing and maintenance
applicable to hot water supply system.
 SP7: 2016
National Building Code 2016
PART 9 PLUMBING SERVICES
Section 1 Water Supply.
• This Code covers the basic requirements of water supply for
residential, business and other types of buildings, including
traffic terminal stations.
• This Section also deals with general requirements of
plumbing connected to public water supply and design of
water supply systems along with general guidelines about
expansion in piping systems, and swimming pools.
• This Section does not take into consideration the requirements
of water supply for industrial plants and processes, which have
to be provided for separately. It also does not provide the
requirements of water supply for other purposes, such as
firefighting and street cleaning.
 SP7: 2016
National Building Code 2016
PART 9 PLUMBING SERVICES
Section 2 Drainage and Sanitation
• This Code (Part 9/Section 2) covers the drainage and sanitation
requirements of buildings, design, layout, construction and maintenance of
drains inside buildings and from the buildings up to the connection to
public sewer, private sewer, individual sewage disposal system, cesspool,
or to other approved point of disposal/treatment work.
• It also covers drainage systems peculiar to high altitudes and/or sub-zero
temperature regions of the country.
• This Code (Part 9/Section 2) covers the design, layout, construction and
maintenance of drains for foul water, surface water, subsoil water and
sewage together with all ancillary works, such as connections, manholes
and inspection chambers used within the building and from building to the
connection to a public sewer, private sewer, individual sewage-disposal
system, cess-pool, soak away or to other approved point of
disposal/treatment work. or sub-zero temperature regions of the country.
 SP7: 2016
National Building Code 2016
PART 9 PLUMBING SERVICES

Section 2 Drainage and Sanitation

• This Code (Part 9/Section 2) covers the new technologies like
ceiling hung piping.
• The limitations for single stack piping have been modified
from 15 meters to 60 meters
• The effect of sound in drainage piping is briefly covered and
special attention to that has been drawn.
• Newer materials have been introduced like the HDPE or PP
drainage piping materials.
 CPHEEO MANUAL: 2013
Central Public Health and Environmental Engineering
Organization Manual 2013
• Central Public Health and Environmental Engineering
Organization (CPHCEO) has brought out Manual on Water
Supply and Waste water treatment with a view to provide
valuable guidelines to the Public Health and Engineering
Department, Water Boards and Municipal bodies on the basis
norms, standards and latest development in this field.
• It gives latest updates on water quality standards, per capita
water supply norms, water conservation, metering and
availability of various kinds of pipes etc.
Manual on norms and standards for environment
clearance of large construction projects, By MOEF
Ministry of Environment and Forests, Government of India.
• Construction activities in India have been pursued without
giving much attention on environmental issues in the past.
• This has resulted in pressure on its finite natural resources,
besides creating impacts on human health and well-being.
• Unplanned and unsustainable urban development has lead to
severe environmental pressures. The green cover, ground
water resources have been forced to give way to the rapidly
developing urban centers.
• Modern buildings built in our cities have high levels of energy
consumption because of requirements of air conditioning and
lighting.
Manual on norms and standards for environment
clearance of large construction projects, By MOEF
• The objectives of the Notification is to set procedures of
environmental clearance before establishment of a project of
identified nature and size.
• The suitability of site for a proposed development is` one of
primary concerns in according environmental clearance to a
project.
• This will include detailed examination of the nature of
receptors and magnitude of anticipated impact on account of
the proposed project.
• Large projects tend to have associated and consequential
impacts. Innovative approaches should be adopted to conserve
resources, in particular, energy and water.
Manual on norms and standards for environment
clearance of large construction projects, By MOEF
• Wastewater
• Separation of grey and black water- Separation of gray and
black water must be done by the use of dual plumbing line for
separation of gray and black water.
• Treatment- The treated waste water shall meet with CPCB
standards for discharge. The gray and black water must be
piped in separate line and there must be 100 per cent treatment
of grey water and reuse for flushing, gardening etc.
• Rainwater harvesting
• Storm/rain water control and re use is mandatory and the
system must be as per Central Ground Water Board (CGWB)
and Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS) for reuse in various
applications.
 ECBC-2017
Energy Conservation Building Code - 2017
 The purpose of this code is to provide minimum requirements
for the energy-efficient design and construction of building.

 The code is mandatory for commercial buildings or building

complexes that have a connected load of 500 kW or greater or
a contract demand of 600 kVA or greater. The code is also
applicable to all buildings with a conditioned floor area of
1,000 m2 (10,000 ft2) or greater. The code is recommended for
all other buildings construction of buildings.
 ECBC-2017
Energy Conservation Building Code - 2017
 Service Hot Water and Pumping
• All service water heating equipment and systems shall comply
with the mandatory provisions of
Solar Water Heating
• Residential facilities, hotels and hospitals with a centralized
system shall have solar water heating for at least 1/5 of the
design capacity.
Equipment Efficiency
• Service water heating equipment shall meet or exceed the
minimum efficiency requirements presented in Table 6.2.2.
 EP Act 1986
Environment protection act 1986
• An act to Provide for the Protection and Improvement of
Environment and for Matters Connected therewith.

The act lays down the guidelines for quality of water expected
out of sewage treatment plants to be met for different purposes
like inland disposal like lakes, disposal in river, reuse for
various purposes like flushing and gardening.
Some International Definitions
 Thank you
Any Questions?

Author : Salil Karkhanis, IPA

Disclaimer : The topics/information included in this presentation and seminar is for informational purpose and plumbing education only. The materials and the oral presentation
accompanying them are for educational purpose and do not constitute legal advice. IPA and individual authors assumes no responsibility for errors or omission in this document, except if
such damages were caused by Indian Plumbing Association (IPA) intentional or gross negligence.