Theory | Derivation of an expession fortis heart across a pump using totat energy equation, H = Hout —Hin The head of a pump can be expressed in metric units as, te (hytAtn) ~ (hi 4H) He (y-hy) +H, 44h) | H = hp—h; + all head cesses i He Qh Fd + Gea) all head dosces | £5 pen ©Where - Hetotalhead developed Om) +P, = pressure at indet (n/n?) +P = Pressure, et cle Cup) +f density (9/73) +g = acceleration of grovity -(2.%mis*) yg 2 Va velocity at The inket (m/s) ! ° Ve = = velocity at tue codlet (m/s) why total head at ~paserveir 1 top surface — Level «hh, = total heoot at reserysir 2. top surface Level > 2B, = head from dlecum Aeved te reserve L top surface tevel “2 head from datum level to reservoir 2 top Surface evel. | + AH hood dosses. To find fleco rete Verduri Mieter etwas weed, Ceo ay. 2AP ol : Q= CA A, Jey Pon (Berneuli” principle) hy = Venturi Inder area tm™) Ay. = Vertavi Treat area Um") K) = coerhrcient of Diccherge = water clensitty Ap = Pressure Drep across tha: Vertiyri (Weed) @IBSERVATIONS Venturi Inlet Area = Aa Venturi Throat Area = Ay Venturi Inlet pipe Diameter = 27.2mm. Venturi Throat Diameter = 16mm ‘Total Length of pipe network (L) = 3m Local Level Losses: (2 elbows, 3 bends, I valve, 1 entry, 1 exit) Observations Prue Peet N (rpm) | dp (Nm2)_| (Nm?) | (Nn?) | 2(m)| Torque (Nm)_| Pn (W) x00 | 5000 | -14000| 0 ozs| 022 | 28.000 1200 | 3000 | -12000 | 7000 |o7s| 02 25.000 3200 | 1000 | -8000 | 14000 [075 |" 0.16 1200 0 9000 | 19000 [075] 0.12 | 16.000 | | 1600 | 13000 | -20000 | 0 [ors] 0.37 62,000 1600_| 12000 | -19000 | S000 |o7s| 0.36 | 61.000 1600 | 6000 | -13000 | 20000 |075| 0.31___| 52.000 1600 | 1000 | -9000 | 3000 |075| 0.22 | 37.000 1600 | 1000 | -8000 | 39000 /o75| os | 31.000 2000 | 19000 | -27000 | 4000 [ors | 05a | 113.000 2000 | 18000 | -25000 | 10000 [o75| 0.53 | 111.000 2000_| 9000 | -16000 | 36000 |075 |" 0.45 | 94.000 2000 1000 ~9000_| 59000 | 0.75 0.29 62.000 2000 | 1900 | -8o00 | é4000 fors| 0.25 | 54.000 Table 1: Observationsev ct Se ot = mp lation done for, wa itewrpra , bp= 120000, Faye = 20000 Nv Pep = O Nwi® , valve ts fully opened. Flow rote coaS calcalated (ourdl + meter, ? ty using 53 A= apt = ra @rani es S.31K10 ns ae: pets 10) ere | 4 Q = Cah ot 5 (Ca =0.97) 7 Ge -) = O54 K S.9IKIO tr x 2x13000 New WPygm? EAR (a. orxid®) = 1.0576 x10 mg Velocity (V) = Q/m Checause pipe diameter equal to eer indet | eter” tv) = Lesabxio Snes S.81x1o tm Ve Ley ms” Thereby , . Pup suction Head (Hs) “hey Z=0.1sm (measured From dadteern) ©Hg = T2020 Nn og 1.224qms) . kgniix Tains™ aKa. aims ease bead head Hg = 2039 + O.17On+ 0.75m . Hy = 1A Pump delivery Head (ael)= Se +O 2 Haet = O + pb. fom +o-7sm Hdel = pqa2m Total pomp head of worler Cleo) = Haat ~ Hse Ha, = fO-9% =C1a)y mm = 2034%m Here, due to same pipe a er suction velocity and delivery velocity beth are equal. And te Suction C2) and delivery (#) ave equal, beacuse both ~ same fevel, Motive power inpeet Pin =O (t= 099Nm) monn eh) =o: 39Nmx = x 1600 rads" Oo = GL99y W 9% 620 Hydimedie Power output, Foak > Qhy Ho Tout = 10ST6.x10 48s" xio00kgr" q.8 ins 2.034 = arlaw @Efficiency, |) = (Get) xre07 = (24 ) «1097, 61.4 = BhIe 7 Proctical Exercise NO: Practical Exercise O22 N H ooN* ce 12008 toto Kegon tor? Sek O Qu. Qe Ne Ne / g.stmotn’s! — — Ge 1200 rpe* Qa a Tomo mist ore St @ .SELKIO pe 2. &N “peorpm — 2e00"Pr Qs = 1.095%10 tte H, Heer Ne ONE urn bye (woof (to00)™ Ha 2-83Practical Exercise N0:3 Frictional toss? Hpe Ab AL : 2dg Le Dah”, Sample calealation clone for MHGoorpm . v= nazyms! , fully opered velve, ; Re= VD. - 1:82 glx 22x03 v (0.01% ap aoe Rea p49 613 xiot Relative Roughnoss = €. D 0.0272. exo.vis x04 for Puc pipes Az o.02t Crom ‘tas mooely clagran) a . up = o.021x 3 px 002M TA! x Gains 2 aA HAIgam . Hp 2 24a tV Covoornsee) Frictional Loss > 0-37 ae Olen © Local Level toss: a ae => eM kl, @ He 2 i 2g =D ag a at elbow = 0:3 - 2x4.Bims? 9 (8-8 eto") re = 45297%.06 Q™ m elbow were placed etal Loss due to elbow = vsaqpob ORD he “4 O.DOISKO™ ssi = to S.12Q*m @2 bende. = O.2 @ 2xa-Bl was ye Gaieio! ne . = 30172.04Q° m sherds phaceol tHeveby total tosses caused % bends = 3x 3019%9.04 B* m = 0544.12 mm os valve Cully open) = 0-05 @ DKGB IMS x G81 x10) wi = 35425 0m - 2 entry foss. = 05 a = 5495.07 mm, extst foss = —! @B e9-Bl ms we (8.81KI0 TY pat = 1809970.2.8'm aosmiy' Tetal becal Level tosses = qosayt2 4 dosti ® | 195TH 49syas.00 + 150.990.218™ = (ApIg 222.8 = “saad 04S aye tHe hers = oy ousg= 9-851 eens <= (amptta.ag + 41822) heme = Chey Gm am a (e-o0t wsae)ym oss-tunction” r= 760943Tn this exercise { ited). . sank 3, gtr, from Uehted ) sump &s Hsuction = bi ~AH suction Hdetivery = hat AH getivery he fhe were Same head 2. pamp hoaol , H= Hde bers Houotion cheracteristie curve which ts drawn wht B parameters suel as H, @) I) hed hore oe on find prove varias ehon ¥ Thyoug duis curve parnping Syctern ili net possi ble «Bas sing sy Stems Loss curve, we can find © “y Petre evbrch grues the. Parameters. dete 1s of all otner 3 |amet [est Te PES fer OSE Ree by ear oF “BY [FeSY [REAL a 5 cae @ a “El Sai ree | ehe-cr | 89S Sete [Beis Fimo feenze [bee-09 |eioraaro Thrie | ee pr 7 O | aes bSEA | Got-og BNE | 1eg*p | SBtse [2 “bo | Pike = ase SI | Ca OTe meg wg dD @yRESULTS Exercise 1 | Characteristic curves for 1200 rpm, 1600 rpm, and 2000 rpm | Results ams) [vims%) [Heim [Ha(m) | Haim) [Patw) | Pow(w) | n% 0.000657. 1.131] -0.612 815 1427 27.646 9.200 |_ 33.277, 1200 | 0.000509 | 0.876 | -0.434| 1.503] 1937| _25.133| 9.671 38.480 1200 | o.000294| 0.506 | -0.154| 2.190 | 2.345 1200 o| 0.000| -o.167| 2.687| 2.854 1600| o.00106| 1.824] -1.119| 0.920] 2.039 o.oo1018| 1.752| -1.030| 1.416| 2.446 600. : 1600 | 0.00072] 1.239 -0.497| 2.867] 3.364 51.941] 23.755 | 45.734 i600 | 0.000294 | 0.506 | -0.154| 4,127| 4.281| 36.861| 12.343 33.484 o.oo0294| 0.506 | -0.052| 4,739| 4.791| 30.159 | 13.812| 45.797 1600 2000 | o.o01281| 2.205 | -1.755| 1406] 3.160] 113.097| 39.710 | 35.112 2000 ' 1200 RPM 3.000 ope ep T 7 1 } en | | | is | / 0,000 Le 1 - 1.000000 0.000100 6.000700 0.002000 0:0004000. 6.000000 0.008000 0.007000 Flos rate Mikagreph MAE Figure 8 characteristic curve for 1200 ypm Jd1600 RPM 2000 RPM S$ ¢ 8 i { i i | sae | Ey pao ‘0 (0.000000 0.002000 0.0004060 0,0006060 .0008003 0:0010000 0.022000 040034000 0.000 Flow rate SH-Ograph MO grap Figure 5: crannetristic curve for 2000 pmExercise 2 ‘The measured values of 1200 rpm used to translate to 1600 rpm & 2000 rpm by pump laws 1600 RPM TOTAL HEAD OF PUMP (WATER) . 2 ge 8 | | i I 0 0.0002 0.0008 == .9006 008-0102 FLOW RATE ‘Transformed by pump laws (Theoretical Values) Experimental values ‘Figure 6: Tronslated 1-0 curve fr 1600 rpm, compared with experimental wakes of 1600rpm‘Translated values of 2000 rpm: Qs (m*/s) Ha (rn) Q(m*/s) H(m) Ns(rom)_| (theoretical) | (theoretical imental) | (experimental) 2000 | ooo109s | 3.964 | 0.002281 3.160 2000 0.000848 5.380. 0.001247 3.568 2000 | o.0009 | 6513 | 0.000882 5.301 0 7928 | _0,000294 6.932 Table 5 Transloted vues of 200rpm ‘TOTAL HEAD OF PUMP (WATER) To 2000 RPM ‘Figure 7: Translated H-Q curve for 2000 rpm, compered with experimental voues of 2000%pm‘System Loss Curve For minor losses Kx, values, Elbow =03 Bends = 0.2 Entry = 0.5 Bxit=1 Fully open=0.05 1/3 open =55 2/3 open ~200 ‘The absolute roughness of the PVC =0.0015*10"m (engineeringtoolbox, 2016) For each velocities friction coefficient was found with respect to the Reynolds number and relative, friction (wikepediamoodydiagram, 2016) TABLE 6, Shows the friction loss + local level loss = loss function, Actually, (due to easy calculation of loss function, in excel done) Friction Loss = values in the table for friction loss * Q* ‘Local Level Loss = values in the table for friction loss * Q” T oss Friction | Local Level | function N(rpm) | _Q(m?/s)__| Velocity (m/s) |_loss*Q* Joss* Q? iG) on) =TQ? 1200 | 0.000657126| 1.131 _| 3830266 | 1238119.56 | 1621146 | 0.700 1200 _| 0,000509008 0.876 416333.2 | 30605711.56 | 31022045 | _ 8.037 |[1200~[o.000z93876 | 0.506 __| 482946.6 | 30605711.56 | 31088658 | 2.685 3200 0 | 0.000 _| 165533,3| 407673.52 | 5742068 | 0.000 1600 [o.oo10sssea| 1824 | sao7i9.9| 415223.03 | yao | 0.859 1600 |o.oo1018016| 1.752 __| 3a9719.9| t23ei9.s6 | 1587839 | 1.646 1600 | 0000719846 | 1,239 | 3663733 1238119.56 | 1604493 | 0.831 11600 | 0.000293876| 0.506 _| 4829466 | 30605711.56 | 310ag6ss | 2.685 1600 | 0.000293876| 0506 | 4829466 | 40767352 | 8906201 | 0.077 7000 [o.oo1e0s7s| 2205 | 3330666] 41522303 | 7482896 | 1.228 72000 | o.oor2a6809| 2.146 | 333066.6| 1238119.56 | ss7ias6 | 2.442 2000 | o.0008siez7| 1517 | 366373,3| 1238119,56 | 1604003 | 1.247 2000 | 0.000293876 | 0.506 __| 482906,6 | 30605711.56 | 31088658 | 2.685 2000 | 0.000293876| 0.506 | 482946.6 | 40767352 | s90620.1 | 0.077 ‘Table 6: System loss curve results1200 rpm2000 rpm ‘igure 10: System Curve 2000 rpm epptinwenn pital2000 rpm ‘.co00000 .0c02000 o.0004a00 0.090600 a.mnE«D2 oaie050 a.0012000 0.0014000 Flowrate ‘M1200 rpm 4 1600 rpm 8/2000 rpm. Pure 14150 fin oraph on 99h