©) | Kiipaxes pétpnons T Ze Ohes tig emoripes, Stav evdiagepdpacte ya pra petaBAnrH d.a0é- Tovpe téscEpic HOvo BaoiKés KhipaKeEs ya Va TH «pETpHGovper®®. Ta BaoiKé ein KALEKOV sfvat: 1 ovouaTiKy (e: nominal scale, f: échelle nominale, d: Nominalskala, Kategorialskala i: scala nominale), 9 taxctuxy} ty Sraccaxctuvy ( ordinal scale, f: échelle ordinale, échelle d’ordre, d: Ordinalskala, Rangskala i: scala ordinale), n (i00)dtactnpuxs (e: interval scale, f: échelle d’intervalles, d: Intervallskala, i: scala a intervalli) kat n avadoyne7} Khipaxa. (e: ratio scale, f: échelle de rapport, d: Verhiltnisskala, Rationalskala, Proportionalskala, i: scala di rapporti). H ovopatuay KAipaxa, nov ovvavriérat ouxva omy ehAnvoyaoon B- Brroypagia Kar wc ovopactixy (7.4. Pe@pyovons, 1991: 10 Kat Evayyens- novos, 1987: 36), ovopstetar KataypnotiKé KipaKa, yrati Sev mepréer mpayparixé Badpides, GAG «rdnovgy. Eivar SyAadH to mpoisy jag Oe@piac Twnohoytkod yapaKnApa, 1 ono{a Siaxpiver ta avtikeipeva, Ta PaIvopeva, To Gtopa, KtR., GE sidn, Ge THOUS, jE BAO KéOUE H KEmoLEs LOTTE TOVS. OL Tono1 avtoi Sev sivar skapyic tepapynpévor, Syrady Sev eivar o Evag Kart- Tepos, avedtEpOG, aNd TOVE GAAOVS HE PAon KaTOL KPIN|pIO EvVoOHATHPEVO om Oswpia. Or rox01 tooBEtobvtar opiCovria. Enopéveas n XPYON TNS Ovo- HatiKiig KAipaKas pas emtpéner OvoLAOTIKG Va KévoupE Teprypagr TOV aVv- Oparov, avrikepévov, KTR, 6x aEASyNON H OTISHTOTE GARO. Mua 116TH Ta, H pEtaPANth, He Poon THY ono{a UTOPObpE Va KaTHYOPLOTOLOOVHE TOUS avOpadnovs, drag éet HSN avagepOel, evar to PAO. Mia GAAn sivan n OAS aipatos, to ypapa tov patidv, KA. H taxticy KAipaxa ompitera, avtidera, ce Oe@pia tagtvoptKod xapa- Kripa, SnAad} oe Oswpia nov emutpéner SdKpion tov TéEEwv otis onoies Hropet va evtécoovtat ot dvOponot, ta popata, ta avtiKEipEva, KTA. H BéCw and THY apy} tov PiPAiov GE eIGayyLKG TO PUG HETPH Kat TO OVGIAOTIKS HE- apnon Stay ta ypHoonoWd KataypHoTIKé, SnAadH ya va Kévo avapopa o& xP‘Ion onoiaodinore KAipaKas, axdpn KI Stay auth Sev Emrpénet va KévOLHE mpayHaTIKG nétpnon. Avté drav Oa yivet cagéotepo napaKdéto Oa emtpéyer mY xapGAnyn TOV e1oay@yIKOY Y1a. TO vAEAOUTO PPA712. Meeosoaora Ti EntsriMONIKst: EPEYNAE KAI EOAPMOTES THE ETINN ASIOAOFHEN THE PAQEEIKHE KATAPTIEHE Evo «réErp vaodnaver pvorKé Snape epapynpévns oxéons. Kar avert lepapynnévn oxéon KaBopietar and KémoI0 1 KdmoIM. KPITHpIA Mov EvuRdp- yovv omy ida m Oewpia. Exedy civar érot ta mpaypata, 1 xpHon jas TaKTIKAS KALakac, Tov ef opiopod plac Ager ou KAI ivan KaAGTEPO ONS KET G@Ao, emrpéner akoAGynon. Mia avOpomwy wWiseyta, ya mapaderywa, ov Hetpiétar pe TaKTIKH KAipaKa civar apOpatiKh ikavoTMTA Kat THY EKOPE MPOPOPIKOD A6yov. Mia GAAN Elva N pocappootiKdm™MTa KaTé THY évtaen GE pua Oddo, KcR. Zmv exnatSevon, yeviks, Myo m¢ dons TOV avOpdmvev yapaKTnpI- OuKdY HE ta OnOia GoxoLOdpAGTE, LNOPodpE KaL YRoIPoMOIOdpE Kvping Ovonarikés Kor taKTIKES KAijaxes. AnAadH Sia0Etovpe Kvpios TumoAoyies kat takwopies. To iS cvpBaiver kat He Ic emotes TS YAdoous. Exo- hévas HMopode Kat KévoupE cvvfOuc, av dx UdvO, neprypu—pr/KaTHYOpLO- Roman Kat aoAGynon tov pAONTdV, Tov dSAKTIKOY EyXEIpLSi@v, TOV Ex0- TUKOV HESOV, TOV YLOCOIKOY PaLVOHEVEV, KTR. _ 1 xpnowporoinon Kémoov and tovg napunéva S00 tnovg KAivaKaS sivar ovvvpacpévn pe avt nov ce TPONYOdHEVO KEPUAUIO OVOHAGApE TOLO- Tux HetaPAnT. Mia petaPAnth, Kat Katé mpoéKtaon Hla Epevva, eivat ToL0- TUK] Otay TH HETpapE pe ovoPATUA} H TAKTHO] KAipPaKG, GKOHN KI OTAV KO- Ttadijyoupe oe nocotiKé SeSopéva. H wevdaicOnon sti KavOUHE MOGOTUNH Spewva pac Siverar eneidij: a) yla evKoria pac Kat ya va eivar Svvan n enekepyacia tov anoteheopatav Ue Ypron NAEKTPOVIKdY vROAOVLOTOV, XYPN- CHOTOLObLE, KATA TY KABIKOTOION KAI KOdIKOYPAENON, apLOHOvs oT OE- 1 Tov Tonov/BUoHidoV THE OvopATURS KipaKas H Tov TAZEOV/PAORISOV MNS TaKTIKHs KAIpaKag Kat B) KatayPAPODHE TOV aPLOHS ELdVIENS KGDE TH- mov 1 Badpidac, SAGs} mT ovyvornta. a va yiver cagéotepy n mapardve 8Eon” Oa 500i ovyxexpysévo mapaderypa ot Gvvéxeua. Mua (1c0)d1aompucy KAipaxa ser Sha ta YapaxtnprotiKé THE TAKTHAS, OG, emMéov, yopiCovpe yw avniy néon eivat n andotacn avépEoa oF Kae pia and tis téEEIC H aOLiBEs tH. Zev taKtud KAipaKa Eépape Se pric T4EN civar KaddtepY and jaV GAA, GAA dev Eépaps ndoo aKpiBds. OdtE T andotaon ts téENs A and THY Téén B titav fia we THY axdotacN avépeca omy t4En B kor thy téEN TP. Lev woodiastHwUA) o1 anootécerg petaed tov BoGpisov civar KaDoptcpEves Kan foes, evo om, aMhé, SaoTpUKH, TOV efvan © Tn Béon dev eiven PéBai0 6x1 xaravoosy Kat cuHHEpiZovEat SAot OL EISIKOi, aGOD ovVA}- Bac Sev Kataypagerar ce oxetiKd emoTmHOVIKG GvyYPspara. Xproyo civar va UH Bovievtet kaveic kat to Van der Maren, 1996: 85-7.5. KAipaxes wétpnons B Kat onavidtepn, sivar Kabopiopéves aAAG 6x1 OAec foes”. Mia Gian rde|Ta TM lodiaompUAYS ivat n GUA dmapEN Evds ovpBaTiKOd pNBevdc, Sndadh evog pmdevog nov de detyver avumapéia. Mapadetypata tétowv KhwdKov eivain Kedoiov Kar dapsvait nov ypnoWooIodvtat ya. TH HEtPHON TS OEP- hoxpaciac, Eva éhAo yapaxmpiotixd napdderyna yprons tétotas KAipaKaS eivat n pétpnon tov 1Q. Mia oodiaotmpuxh KAipaKa pas extpémer, Soc KaL pit avaroyiKy, vo. Kévovpe pétpnon. Evav GvOpono y évav téno bev tov Karnyoplomo1obpE ovte Tov aEWAOYOU[E ws mPos TH OEPHOKPaGia TOV: HetPapE tT BEPHOKPA- cia nov éxouv. H avodoyuch Khipaxa get oka dou ézet 1 SiaoTHpWKY, GARI, exmréEov, Siaérer anddvto pmdév Kar GtabepH andotacn HETaes Tov BaOpidav. Xa- paxrpioniké napadetyyata WioTiroV Rov pErpLdveat we TeroLOD e{Bous KA- haxa eivar n andotacn, to Pipes, o 6yKos, Kt. Mndév pétpa. andotaon one haiver, mpéypon, Ka86hov andotaon. Eve pndév Padpobs Kehoiov OepHo- Kpaoia Se cnpaiver avunapéia Oeppotntac, Ta nupaniv téscepa cidn KMpAKOV ovvidas rapovordCovtat and TOUS pedo8ohSyoug tng gpevvas og taEWoa. Anradh Gempoov det tO mpmTO eidog «sivar o mo otorysdng Kat oO mo atedig Tonos KAipaKacy (Bap BovKac, 1988: 136) Kai to tétapto «o reherdtepog THTOS KMBEKOV hétpnong» (BépBovkas, 1988: 140). Kt avtd to ompitovv os 50 mpéywara, %, Stapopentka, yproyporoovv Sbo Kprrfpra repapynons TOV taGeov TS taéwopias. To éva sivar ott dco mAnorscovpe OTNY avanoytKh KAipaKa Too mo avrkepeviri, emompoviri eivat 1 épevva nov Kavoups. To debrEpo sivat 611 pe THY avahoyuc} emtrpénerat va. Kéver Kavels oheg Tig aprOyntucés mpééerc, Evo He THY ovopaTKH Sev emtpémeTa. Q¢ mpog to mpwto Kprthpto, dev pop va ovHPEVjo®, évtag me meiopévos Ott n eyKuptHta pag épevvas Kat N agtoniotia evdg opydvou nétpnong Sev eEaprovear and 0 et50g KAiwaxas nov ypnoHororeitar, WAG and moAé ddha mpéypota, éva, and ta onoia Bivar n oUupHvELA He THY OTOLA poosiopiCoveat and tov epevvati ot HEtaBAntés nov tov Evdiapépovv Kat Ot PaOpides Katactdoeig rov avrés or weTaBAntEs TEPLEXOVV ¥ propobv va. napovv. Eto, pia petaBAnnh 61a to PAO Tov avopanoeidéov, nov ptopet 7 S20 Bortz. (1984: 26-34), Sov Bpioxer Kavels REptyPag TOV KAPGKOV OTN yepHaVERr yasooa, yiverar cagiig Staxpion) 560 UAOKaTHYopLSY ms Intervallskala: my Aquidistanz kat my Differenzenskala, Térowa dtaxpion de yiverat ax6 Shove tovg eiducobs, fos exeidy} 9 Avion dao KRipaKa eivar Katt onAVIO.74 Meooaoxoria Taz Enterionii EPEYNAS KAI EOAPMOFEE THE ETHN ASIOAOT EH THE PAREEIKHE KATAPTIENE va méper 560 capac Siaxpités KatactéGEIG, Hus emtpéneL va KEVOUHE em STHHOVIKi épevva téc0 —av dy mepiocdtEpo— KemoTHHOVIKY» 450 Kat aV has evdiégepe 1 nepiperpos ms Keadric toVs, mov emrpénet ypron avaho- ‘yuciig KAipoKas. Q¢ mpos 70 debtEpo KpiTApIO, avtiBera, n Gxown xapEng tazwopias, KL 6x ToHOhoyias, KAéKOV evotabe! anddota, Otav SovdsbovpE [Le ovoHA- TUK] KAipaKG, péypart, ot aprOpntiKés mpéEcig dev Exovv vonjLA, TAPSAO StL ovyva KataypnotiKé yivovtat aK6jmn Kat Ge SidaKtoprKés SiatprBéc, dnov Oa nepiveve Kaveic va iver iaitepa mpoceKtixés o epevvntiic agod mpdxettaL, OcopoBerpéva, va agioroynbet. Ac Sovpe éva mupdderyya. Eotw 6ti oto Taiow pas épevvac tov tpitov Tnov (axa 2), KataypaovLE Sé&opa Zopaxmprotixd tov evepydv porrntdy tov Typatog Irakuag PLOoous Kat Svohoyiag tov AILO., éva and ta onoia sivar n yeaypa—ucy tovg mpoé- devon. Eipacte apopavers vroypempévor va Kévoupe opadononjcetc: ava Youd ¥ ava yeoypapiKs dtapéptopa (Zteped EAAGSa, Maxedovia, Kth.) Hh, Stapopenixd, avédoya we to péye0og tg nOANG and THY onoIa épyovtar (m4- halg eyadbrepes and Eva exaToupSpIo KatoiKOVs Oa HraV pia KaTHYOpia, nOheI¢ ax6 200.000 é«g Eva EKaTOpHHpIO Ja GAAN, KoK.). Av emA&ovpte THY Pat don, wnopodpe va Pédovpe oe akipaprtuct ceIpé ta Stapepicpata h Ge PBivoved cEIpA ws mpos tov apIOLS taY KaTOIKeY ToVG, KaL HeTé va Wvtotougiooune Kade Stapépiopa pe Evav apps yia va StevKodvvGoope omy enekepyacia Kat napovoiacn tov dedonévov. Oa KatadiEovpe oe évav nivaka Katavowiic Sedopéveav cay tov nivaKa 37!, Loviibus évac ivakag Katavouric cvyvorirav ovvodevetar and éva Set- KM Kevepictic tdons énas o apiuntixds uéoos H pEG0s Opos Kar éva. SeiKTH, Staonopic énaxg n toxtK andkdion. Xapn oto yeyovds 6x1 86OnKE CvpBaIKE Eva voopepo ce Kade yeoypagiKs dtaépiopa evan Svvatd va vTOAOyGTEL O AprOynTIKds EGO, nov ed efvar 6,7, KaL THY TOMI aNdKAON, Tov £50 eivat 2,1. Tr onpaiver 6pag avt6 to 6,7; Eivat cav va SndGver Kaveig Set Karé WE50v Spo or pormrés Tov tUHHaTos avtOd mpoépyovtan and KaRov hetagd Maxedoviag Kat Nnovdv Atyaiov, kat axpiBéotepa amd mo Kovté ota Nnov Aryaiov an’ 6,01 om MakeSovia! " Ta de50péva eivan mhacpatixé.