CCNP ADVANCED LAB 7

Multi-Area OSPF and Routing Table Optimization

Lab 7: Multi-Area OSPF and Routing Table Optimization

Objectives
This lab will focus on routing table optimization using multi-area Open Shortest Path First (OSPF).
You will explore the use of summary routes and observe the effect of using summary routes on the
size of routing tables.
7HENYOULOADTHEINITIALCONlGURATIONFORTHISLABTHESIMULATEDNETWORKWILLBECONlGUREDTOUSE
the Routing Information Protocol (RIP) dynamic routing protocol. You will convert the simulated
network so that OSPF is used by all routers and Layer 3 switches in the network.
In this lab, less step-by-step instruction will be provided, allowing you to work more independently
and draw from your experiences with prior labs. You may wish to refer to labs that you have already
completed.

Simulated Network Overview

!SNOTEDABOVETHEINITIALLOADINGCONlGURATIONISACOMPLETELYFUNCTIONALANDFULLYCONNECTED
NETWORKTHATUSES2)05PONLOADINGTHEINITIALCONlGURATIONFORTHISLABYOUSHOULDBEABLETO
ping any network node from any other network node. All routes to all networks will be propagated
to each router and Layer 3 switch through RIP.

Lab Topology
For this lab, your network design will include the devices shown in the following Topology diagram.
9OUWILLBEGINWITHBLANKCONlGURATIONSONALLDEVICES4HEDIAGRAMREPRESENTSTHE.ET-APINTHE
Simulator. To access each of the devices from within the Simulator, select the device name from
the appropriate menu in the Simulator. For example, to access P1R1, click the eRouters button
and select P1R1 from the drop-down menu.
 CCNP ADVANCED LAB 7
Multi-Area OSPF and Routing Table Optimization

Area 0 Total Allocation

172.16.96.0/19 Fa0/1

HQ_R1 HQ_SW1

HQ_PC1
Frame Fa0/2 HQ_PC3
HQ_PC2 HQ_PC4
Relay vlan 200
Fa0/3
Fa0/4
vlan 300 Fa0/5
vlan 200 vlan 300

Area 1 Area 2 Area 3

Area 4
N_Region S_Region E_Region W_Region

Frame Frame Frame Frame

Relay Relay Relay Relay

N_Local1 N_Local2 S_Local1 S_Local2 E_Local1 E_Local2 W_Local1 W_Local2

N_Local3 N_Local4 S_Local3 S_Local4 E_Local3 E_Local4 W_Local3 W_Local4

N_Local5 N_Local6 S_Local5 S_Local6 E_Local5 E_Local6 W_Local5 W_Local6

 CCNP ADVANCED LAB 7
Multi-Area OSPF and Routing Table Optimization

Command Summary
Command Description
configure terminal ENTERSGLOBALCONlGURATIONMODE
hostname host_name assigns a host name to a router or switch
show run DISPLAYSTHEROUTERSORSWITCHSRUNNINGCONlGURATION
erase startup-config ERASESTHESTARTUPCONlGURATIONSTOREDIN.62!-
ip address ip_address subnet_mask assigns an IP address and subnet mask to an interface
vlan vlan_id name vlan_name creates and/or names a VLAN
show vlan displays VLAN information
interface type number ENTERSINTERFACECONlGURATIONMODE
switchport access vlan vlan_id assigns a switch port to a VLAN
speed {10 | 100 | 1000 | auto | nonegotiate} sets the interface speed
duplex {auto | full | half} SETSTHEINTERFACEDUPLEXCONlGURATIONTOFULLHALFORAUTO
show ip interface brief displays information for IP interfaces
interface type number subinterface_id creates a subinterface
encapsulation dot1q vlan_id sets the encapsulation method of the interface for 802.1q
6,!.TRUNKINGALSOSPECIlESTHE6,!.)$FORWHICHTHEFRAMES
should be tagged
switchport mode trunk CONlGURESATRUNKPORT
switchport mode access CONlGURESANACCESSPORT
switchport trunk encapsulation dot1q sets the encapsulation method used for a switch trunk port
enable password enters privileged EXEC mode
exit exits the current mode
router ospf process_id enables OSPF routing
network network_address area area_id ACTIVATES/30&ONTHESPECIlEDNETWORKANDPLACESTHE
MATCHINGINTERFACEINTHESPECIlEDAREA
area area_id range network_address wildcard_mask activates summary routing on an area border router (ABR)
frame-relay interface-dlci dlci ASSIGNSTHEDATA LINKCONNECTIONIDENTIlER$,#) TOANINTERFACE
or subinterface that will connect to a Frame Relay network
encapsulation frame-relay CONlGURESASERIALINTERFACEFOR&RAME2ELAYENCAPSULATION

Note: Please be aware of the following when using the Grade Lab function in the Lab Navigator. If
you choose to use an IP addressing scheme other than that shown in the lab documentation, you
MAYlNDTHATYOURLABWILLRECEIVEGRADINGERRORS9OURLABMAYSTILLFUNCTIONCORRECTLYINSPITEOF
these grading errors.
CCNP ADVANCED LAB 7
Multi-Area OSPF and Routing Table Optimization

Lab Tasks
Task 1
!2EVIEWINGTHE)NITIAL#ONlGURATION
1. After you load Lab 7 from the Lab Navigator, the simulated network should be up and
RUNNINGWITHITSINITIALCONlGURATION0ERFORMABASICANALYSISOFTHENETWORK7HAT
dynamic routing protocol is in use?
______________________________________________________________
 $OTHEROUTINGTABLESON(1?37ANDALLROUTERSINCLUDEROUTESTOALLNETWORKS
______________________________________________________________
3. Can you ping all network nodes from all other network nodes?
______________________________________________________________
4. How many routes do you see in the routing table for HQ_R1? How many are directly
connected, and how many were learned via RIP?
______________________________________________________________
B. Implementing Single-Area OSPF
 9OUNEEDTOREMOVE2)0ANDCONlGUREAN/30&PROCESSONALLROUTERSAND(1?37
Begin by placing all interfaces on all routers and HQ_SW1 in a single area. Later you will
implement multi-area OSPF.
 -ODIFYTHECONlGURATIONOFEACHROUTERINTHENETWORKAND(1?37BYREMOVINGTHE2)0
process and setting up an OSPF process. Begin with all interfaces on all routers and
HQ_SW1 in Area 0. Write down the commands you use. Is it necessary to use the same
PROCESS)$FORALLOFTHESEDEVICES
______________________________________________________________
 $ISPLAYTHEROUTINGTABLESON(1?2AND(1?37!REALLNETWORKSPRESENT
______________________________________________________________
4. After single-area OSPF has been implemented, the network should still be fully
connected. Each router and HQ_SW1 should have routes to all other networks. All network
nodes should still be able to ping all other network nodes. Is this still the case in the
simulated network? If not, use troubleshooting techniques to identify, isolate, and correct
the problem before continuing.
______________________________________________________________
C. Updating the Lab Topology Diagram
1. In the blanks provided on the Lab Topology diagram, write down the IP addresses that you
PLANTOASSIGNTOEACHNODE)TMAYALSOBEHELPFULTORECORDTHEINTERFACENAMEAND$,#)
values for the Frame Relay links.
2. Remember that you can right-click the Frame RelayCLOUDINTHE.ET-AP6IEWERANDSELECT
Set Frame Relay Parameters TOVIEWTHE$,#)VALUESASSIGNEDTOEACH&RAME2ELAYLINK 
4OACCESSTHE.ET-AP6IEWERCLICKTHE NetMap button on the Control Panel toolbar or in the
2EMOTE#ONTROLCONSOLE!LSOINTHE.ET-AP6IEWERYOUCANDOUB LE CLICKANYNETWORKNODE
and view the Device Statistics dialog box. This will allow you to see the interface names as
well as the names of the node and interface to which each interface connects.
 CCNP ADVANCED LAB 7
Multi-Area OSPF and Routing Table Optimization

Task 2
A. Implementing Multi-Area OSPF
1. Refer to the Lab Topology diagram at the beginning of the lab. How many OSPF areas are
called for in this topology?
______________________________________________________________
2. What is another frequently used name for Area 0?
______________________________________________________________
 7HATISTHEBENElTOFUSINGMULTIPLE/30&AREASASOPPOSEDTOGROUPINGALLINTERFACESON
all routers and on HQ_SW1 in a single area?
______________________________________________________________
 7HICHDEVICESANDINTERFACESSHOULDYOURECONlGUREINORDERTOIMPLEMENTTHEMULTI AREA
/30&CONlGURATIONASSPECIlEDINTHE,AB4OPOLOGYDIAGRAM
______________________________________________________________
 )SSUETHECOMMANDSNECESSARYTORECONlGURETHESEDEVICESAPPROPRIATELYANDWRITE
down the commands you use.
______________________________________________________________
B. Verifying Multi-Area OSPF
 !FTERIMPLEMENTINGMULTI AREA/30&YOUSHOULDSAVEYOURDEVICECONlGURATIONSSO
THATYOUWILLBEABLETORELOADTHECONlGURATIONSANDCONTINUEWORKINGATALATERTIMEIF
you wish. Open the File menu on the NetSim Control Panel, choose Save Multi Devices
#ONlGSNAMETHECONlGURATIONlLESANDSELECTALOCATIONINWHICHTOSAVETHEM
 .OWTHATYOUHAVECONlGUREDMULTI AREA/30& DISPLAYTHEROU TINGTABLESON(1?2AND
(1?37!REYOUSTILLABLETOSEEALLROUTESTOALLNETWORKS)FNOTREVIEWYOURCONlGURATION
and use troubleshooting techniques to isolate, identify, and correct any errors.
______________________________________________________________
 3ELECTALOCALOFlCEROUTERINEACHREGIONLOGONTOITSCONSOLEANDATTEMPTTOPINGANY
OFTHE0#HOSTSINTHEHEADQUARTERSOFlCE)STHEPINGSUCCESSFUL)FNOTREVIEWYOUR
CONlGURATIONANDUSETROUBLESHOOTINGTECHNIQUESTOISOLATEIDENTIFYANDCORRECTANYERRORS
______________________________________________________________
4. Has the size of the network routers’ and HQ_SW1’s routing tables changed as a result of
implementing multi-area OSPF? Why or why not?
______________________________________________________________
 7HATBENElTSHAVEBEENGAINEDBYCHANGINGTHECONlGURATIONFROMSINGLE AREA/30&TO
multi-area OSPF?
______________________________________________________________
6. Name the router that is the ABR for each area.
______________________________________________________________
Task 3
A. Implementing Route Summarization
1. Is it necessary for HQ_R1 and HQ_SW1 to have knowledge of every network in every
region? Why or why not?
______________________________________________________________
CCNP ADVANCED LAB 7
Multi-Area OSPF and Routing Table Optimization

2. How might HQ_R1’s and HQ_SW1’s lack of detailed knowledge of all regional networks be
an advantage?
______________________________________________________________
3. In an OSPF network, route summarization is performed by the ABR. Issue the commands
NECESSARYTOIMPLEMENTROUTESUMMARIZATIONATEACHOFTHEPOINTSYOUIDENTIlEDIN4ASK
2-B6 above. Write down the commands you use.
______________________________________________________________
4. Ensure that full network connectivity and reachability still exist by logging on to at least
ONELOCALOFlCEROUTERINEACHREGIONANDVERIFYINGTHATYOUCANSTILLPINGALLTHE0#
hosts on the headquarters network. Are the pings successful? If not, troubleshoot your
CONlGURATIONSANDCORRECTANYERRORSTHATYOUlND
______________________________________________________________
B. Verifying Route Summarization
1. Log on to the consoles of HQ_R1 and HQ_SW1. Compare the entries you currently see
in the routing tables of these devices to the routes that existed before you implemented
summarization. What, if anything, has changed?
______________________________________________________________
2. Explain how a PC host on the headquarters network can send a packet to one of the local
OFlCEROUTERSIFTHELOCALOFlCEROUTERSNETWORKISNOTEXPLICITLYLISTEDINTHEROUTINGTABLE
of HQ_SW1.
______________________________________________________________
3. Verify that the network is still fully connected and fully reachable by logging on to
at least one router in each network and attempting pings to the PC hosts on the
HEADQUARTERSNETWORK!REALLPINGSSUCCESSFUL)FNOTTROUBLESHOOTYOURCONlGURATION
and correct any errors.
______________________________________________________________
 7HATBENElTSDOESTHESIMULATEDNETWORKGAINFROMTHEIMPLEMENTATIONOFROUTE
summarization?
______________________________________________________________

Lab Solutions
Task 1
!2EVIEWINGTHE)NITIAL#ONlGURATION
 2)0ISTHEDYNAMICROUTINGPROTOCOLUSEDINTHEINITIALCONlGURATION
2. Yes, the routing tables on all routers and HQ_SW1 contain routes to all other networks.
3. Yes, all network nodes can be pinged from all other network nodes. The network is fully
connected and fully reachable.
4. The routing table of HQ_R1 includes 31 routes. Five of these routes are directly
connected, and 26 routes were learned via RIP.
 CCNP ADVANCED LAB 7
Multi-Area OSPF and Routing Table Optimization

B. Implementing Single-Area OSPF

2. Issue the following commands on all routers and Layer 3 switches in the network:
conf t
no router rip
router ospf 100
network 172.16.0.0 0.0.255.255 area 0
 )TISNOTNECESSARYTOUSETHESAMEPROCESS)$FORALLROUTERSAND(1?37BECAUSETHE
/30&PROCESS)$DOESNOTDElNETHEAUTONOMOUSSYSTEMASITDOESWITH%)'20!LTHOUGH
YOUWILLUSETHESAMEPROCESS)$ONALLROUTERSAND(1?37INTHISLABITISNOTREQUIRED
THATYOUUSEASINGLEPROCESS)$INOTHERCONTEXTS
3. Yes, all networks should be present and represented in the routing tables of all routers
and HQ_SW1.
4. Yes, pings from all network nodes to all other network nodes should be successful. The
network should be fully connected, and all networks should be advertised by OSPF and
should be fully reachable.
Task 2
A. Implementing Multi-Area OSPF
 4HE,AB4OPOLOGYDIAGRAMSPECIlESlVE/30&AREAS!REA!REA!REA!REAAND
Area 4.
2. Area 0 is often referred to as the backbone area.
3. The link state databases maintained by each router and HQ_SW1 are smaller. Less network
BANDWIDTHISCONSUMEDBECAUSETHEmOODINGOF,3!SISCONTAINEDWITHINEACHAREA
 9OUDONOTNEEDTORECONlGURETHEHEADQUARTERSDEVICESBECAUSETHEYAREALREADYIN!REA
2EGARDINGTHEFOURREGIONALROUTERSYOUSHOULDCONlGURETHEINTERFACESTHATFACETHE
HEADQUARTERSNETWORKTOBELONGTO!REAANDYOUSHOULDCONlGURETHEINTERFACESTHAT
FACEEACHREGIONSRESPECTIVELOCALOFlCENETWORKSTOBELONGTOTHEAPPROPRIATEAREAPER
the Lab Topology diagram.
5. N_Region:
conf t
no router rip
router ospf 100
network 172.16.109.10 0.0.0.0 area 0
network 172.16.114.0 0.0.1.255 area 1
S_Region:
conf t
no router rip
router ospf 100
network 172.16.109.14 0.0.0.0 area 0
network 172.16.112.0 0.0.1.255 area 2
CCNP ADVANCED LAB 7
Multi-Area OSPF and Routing Table Optimization

E_Region:
conf t
no router rip
router ospf 100
network 172.16.109.18 0.0.0.0 area 0
network 172.16.116.0 0.0.1.255 area 3
W_Region:
conf t
no router rip
router ospf 100
network 172.16.109.22 0.0.0.0 area 0
network 172.16.118.0 0.0.1.255 area 4
B. Verifying Multi-Area OSPF
2. Yes, you should still be able to see all routes to all networks.
3. Yes, pings should still be successful from all network nodes to all other network nodes.
4. No, the routing tables have not changed. Implementing multiple OSPF areas changes the
way routing information is propagated, but the routes themselves do not change.
 4HEBENElTSOFSWITCHINGFROMSINGLE AREA/30&TOMULTI AREA/30&ARELOWER#05
utilization on all routers and HQ_SW1 and decreased bandwidth consumption by LSA
mOODING
6. An ABR is a router that has interfaces in more than one area. The ABR for Area 1 is
N_Region. The ABR for Area 2 is S_Region. The ABR for Area 3 is E_Region. The ABR for
Area 4 is W_Region.
Task 3
A. Implementing Route Summarization
1. No. For example, HQ_R1 and HQ_SW1 do not necessarily need detailed information about
EACHANDEVERYLOCALOFlCENETWORK!SLONGAS(1?2AND(1?37EACHKNOWAROUTETO
a device that does have this detailed knowledge, they can forward packets to the device
THATHASTHEMOREDETAILEDKNOWLEDGE#ONSIDERTHEFOLLOWINGCOMPARISON!POSTOFlCE
in Tampa, Florida, receives a letter addressed to a ZIP Code in Nashville, Tennessee. The
4AMPAPOSTOFlCEDOESNOTNEEDTOKNOWHOWTONAVIGATEEACHSTREETALLTHEWAYTOTHE
.ASHVILLEADDRESS4HE4AMPAPOSTOFlCENEEDSTOKNOWONLYHOWTOREACHTHE.ASHVILLE
POSTOFlCE4HE.ASHVILLEPOSTOFlCEWILLHANDLETHEDETAILEDDELIVERYFROMTHATPOINT
2. Since HQ_R1 and HQ_SW1 only need to know which other device can handle the delivery
FORASPECIlCSETOFDESTINATIONNETWORKSTHEYCANCARRYONLYTHEROUTETOTHATDEVICE
therefore, the routing tables on HQ_R1 and HQ_SW1 can be much smaller. This is known
as route summarization.
3. N_Region:
conf t
router ospf 100
area 1 range 172.16.114.0 255.255.254.0
 CCNP ADVANCED LAB 7
Multi-Area OSPF and Routing Table Optimization

S_Region:
conf t
router ospf 100
area 2 range 172.16.112.0 255.255.254.0
E_Region:
conf t
router ospf 100
area 3 range 172.16.116.0 255.255.254.0
W_Region:
conf t
router ospf 100
area 4 range 172.16.118.0 255.255.254.0
4. Yes, the pings should still be successful. The network is still fully connected and fully
reachable.
B. Verifying Route Summarization
1. The routing tables on HQ_R1 and HQ_SW1 are much smaller now. Instead of containing
ANINDIVIDUALROUTETOEACHLOCALOFlCEINEACHREGIONTHE(1?2AND(1?37ROUTING
tables now contain a single route for each region; each of these routes leads to a device
WITHMORESPECIlCINFORMATIONABOUTTHATREGIONSLOCALOFlCENETWORKS
 7HENAHEADQUARTERS0#HOSTMUSTDELIVERTRAFlCTOALOCALOFlCENETWORKITFORWARDS
THISTRAFlCTOITSDEFAULTGATEWAY(1?37(1?37LOOKSUPTHELONGESTMATCHFOR
the destination network in its routing table. The longest match is not a route to the
destination network, but a summary route to another device that does know about the
DESTINATIONNETWORK(1?37FORWARDSTHETRAFlCTOTHEDEVICENAMEDINTHESUMMARY
ROUTEANDTHATDEVICEDELIVERSTHETRAFlCTOITSDESTINATION
3. Yes, all pings should be successful.
4. As you have seen in this lab, the size of the routing tables in large networks can be
reduced dramatically by using route summarization. Also, network stability is improved.
&OREXAMPLETHEFAILUREOFALOCALOFlCENETWORKWILLNOTFORCEUPDATESTHROUGHOUTTHE
entire network because the regional router is only advertising a summary route, not the
SPECIlCROUTETOTHENETWORKTHATFAILED
 CCNP ADVANCED LAB 7
Multi-Area OSPF and Routing Table Optimization

3AMPLE#ONlGURATION3CRIPTS
(1?2 (1?2#ONTINUED
version 12.1 interface Serial1/2
service timestamps debug uptime no ip address
service timestamps log uptime no ip directed-broadcast
no service password-encryption shutdown
! !
hostname HQ_R1 interface Serial1/3
! no ip address
ip subnet-zero no ip directed-broadcast
! shutdown
interface Serial1/0 !
no ip address interface Ethernet0/0
encapsulation frame-relay ip address 172.16.104.1 255.255.254.0
! no ip directed-broadcast
interface Serial1/0.103 point-to-point !
description PVC to S_Region interface Ethernet0/1
ip address 172.16.109.13 255.255.255.252 no ip address
frame-relay interface-dlci 103 no ip directed-broadcast
no frame-relay inverse-arp shutdown
! !
interface Serial1/0.104 point-to-point interface Ethernet0/2
description PVC to E_Region no ip address
ip address 172.16.109.17 255.255.255.252 no ip directed-broadcast
frame-relay interface-dlci 104 shutdown
no frame-relay inverse-arp !
! interface Ethernet0/3
interface Serial1/0.105 point-to-point no ip address
description PVC to W_Region no ip directed-broadcast
ip address 172.16.109.21 255.255.255.252 shutdown
frame-relay interface-dlci 105 !
no frame-relay inverse-arp router ospf 100
! network 172.16.109.0 0.0.0.255 area 0
interface Serial1/0.102 point-to-point network 172.16.104.1 0.0.0.0 area 0
description PVC to N_Region !
ip address 172.16.109.9 255.255.255.252 ip classless
frame-relay interface-dlci 102 no ip http server
no frame-relay inverse-arp !
! line con 0
interface Serial1/1 transport input none
no ip address line aux 0
no ip directed-broadcast line vty 0 4
shutdown !
! no scheduler allocate
end
 CCNP ADVANCED LAB 7
Multi-Area OSPF and Routing Table Optimization

%?2EGION %?2EGION#ONTINUED
version 12.1 frame-relay interface-dlci 107
service timestamps debug uptime no frame-relay inverse-arp
service timestamps log uptime !
no service password-encryption interface Serial1/2
! no ip address
hostname E_Region no ip directed-broadcast
! shutdown
ip subnet-zero !
! interface Serial1/3
interface Serial1/0 no ip address
no ip address no ip directed-broadcast
encapsulation frame-relay shutdown
! !
interface Serial1/0.401 point-to-point interface Ethernet0/0
ip address 172.16.109.18 255.255.255.252 no ip address
frame-relay interface-dlci 401 no ip directed-broadcast
no frame-relay inverse-arp shutdown
! !
interface Serial1/1 interface Ethernet0/1
no ip address no ip address
encapsulation frame-relay no ip directed-broadcast
! shutdown
interface Serial1/1.102 multipoint !
ip address 172.16.116.5 255.255.255.252 interface Ethernet0/2
frame-relay interface-dlci 102 no ip address
no frame-relay inverse-arp no ip directed-broadcast
! shutdown
interface Serial1/1.103 point-to-point !
ip address 172.16.116.9 255.255.255.252 interface Ethernet0/3
frame-relay interface-dlci 103 no ip address
no frame-relay inverse-arp no ip directed-broadcast
! shutdown
interface Serial1/1.104 point-to-point !
ip address 172.16.116.13 255.255.255.252 router ospf 100
frame-relay interface-dlci 104 area 3 range 172.16.116.0 255.255.254.0
no frame-relay inverse-arp network 172.16.19.18 0.0.0.0 area 0
! network 172.16.116.0 0.0.1.255 area 3
interface Serial1/1.105 point-to-point !
ip address 172.16.116.17 255.255.255.252 ip classless
frame-relay interface-dlci 105 no ip http server
no frame-relay inverse-arp !
! line con 0
interface Serial1/1.106 point-to-point transport input none
ip address 172.16.116.21 255.255.255.252 line aux 0
frame-relay interface-dlci 106 line vty 0 4
no frame-relay inverse-arp !
! no scheduler allocate
interface Serial1/1.107 point-to-point end
ip address 172.16.116.25 255.255.255.252
 CCNP ADVANCED LAB 7
Multi-Area OSPF and Routing Table Optimization

%?,OCAL %?,OCAL#ONTINUED
version 12.1 interface FastEthernet0/0
service timestamps debug uptime no ip address
service timestamps log uptime no ip directed-broadcast
no service password-encryption shutdown
! !
hostname E_Local1 interface Bri0
! no ip address
ip subnet-zero no ip directed-broadcast
! shutdown
interface Serial0 !
no ip address router ospf 100
encapsulation frame-relay network 172.16.116.6 0.0.0.0 area 3
! !
interface Serial0.201 point-to-point ip classless
ip address 172.16.116.6 255.255.255.252 no ip http server
frame-relay interface-dlci 201 !
no frame-relay inverse-arp line con 0
! transport input none
interface Serial1 line aux 0
no ip address line vty 0 4
no ip directed-broadcast !
shutdown no scheduler allocate
! end