What’s globalisation (to you READING [EJ] Read an explanation of ‘globalisation’ below. A ps ‘What causes and consequences of globalisation does it mention? \ ‘We now communicate and share each other's cultures through travel and trade, transporting products around the world in hours or days. We are in « huge global ‘economy where something that happens in one area can have knock-on effects worldwide. This process is called ‘globalisation’. What is globalisation? Globalisation is the process by which the world is becoming increasingly interconnected 1 a result of massively increased trade and cultural exchange. Globalisation has increased the production of goods and services. The biggest companies are no longer national firms bbut multinational corporations with subsidiariest in many countries. Glebalisation has been taking place for hundreds of years but has speeded up enormously over the last halfcentury. Globalisation has resulted in + increased international trade ‘+ a.company operating in more than one country + greater dependence on the global economy + freer movernent of capital, goods and services + recognition? of companies such as McDonald's and Starbuc less developed countries Although globalisation is probably helping to create more wealth in developing countries, it is not helping to close the gap between the world’s poorest countries and the world's richest. INGUAGE JEW) a Talking about globalisation a ‘Think of examples of and/or explanations for these aspects of globalisation. Compare in class. ‘Then sort the aspects into positive and negative ones. Some could be both. vorietyof —_—_increased damage worldwide ag products tothe environment communication _hurts local economy ovailable (eg. food, clothes) noborders _ brings peoples of dominance of Western the worid together ideas and values ‘almost unlimited number ‘of TV channels available individual freedom less cultura diversity b Write sentences about causes and effects of globalisation using the linking words below. ‘5 a result (of) * because (of) » consequently « due to + for this reason » since = therefore Example: The variety of products available has increased due to improved transportation. ‘gubsidiany: Zncigstle, recognition: Bekonrtheit fale 155READING [fj a Look at these six events that helped make the world a smaller place. What do you know about them? How do you think they made the world ‘smaller? 1 The invention of the jet airplane 4 The discoveries of Christopher Columbus 2 The fall of the Berlin Wall 5 The spread of the Roman Empire 3 The invention of the internet 6 The launch of YouTube b Now read the descriptions of the events. Match the headings above to the correct texts. There is one heading that doesn't fit any of the texts. Shrinking the world ‘AZ Since it began in 2005, this has enabled people all over the world to connect and share their interests and experiences. It started with amateur videos, the very first one showing a visit to the 200, but progressed to much wider content, Each day it has billions of views and seems to be gradually replacing TV. 8 1] Lasting for nearly five centuries, this used to be one of the greatest civilisations in history. Atits height in the third century AD, ithad more than 70 million citizens. Stretching from Spain and Northern Africa, through France, into the UK, across Southern Europe and into Turkey and Arabia, it brought many technological inventions such as water heating systems, CC Scientists developed this in the 1930s, and the first commercial service flew from London to Johannesburg in 1952. This invention keeps on making the world smaller, Now so-called hypersonic aircraft are being designed to fly five times the speed of sound. This technology ‘would make it possible to fly anywhere on Earth in under three hours. D C] In 1492, journey began to find a direct water route from Europe to Asia going west. When he found land, this famous explorer believed he had reached the East Indies and called the local people ‘Indians, a name which stuck. Instead, the ‘New World’ was discovered, which began a period of exploration and helped the Spanish create a huge empire in the Americas. E [1 In November 1989, the whole world watched as one of its major symbols of segregation came crashing down. More than two million people from the eastern part ofthe city visited the West to participate in a celebration described asthe greatest street party in the history ofthe world’ For 28 years, this had physically and symbolically kept East and West apart. With its fll, the Cold War was officially over. SPEAKING [JJ Now work in groups of three or four and do r these tasks: 1 Share what you know about each of these events and discuss how they helped shape our modern world 2 Put the events in order of influence (1 most influential, 5 = least influentiab. IE) Form new groups and discuss your ranking from exercise 7. Try to come to an agreement on the most and least influential event. Then do some research on another important event or invention that has caused the world to become more connected. Present your findings in class. CUTE Tv a7UNIT 12 | Going global READING [TJ a Read the text about a coffee farmer in Costa Rica. Some parts are missing. Choose the correct part (A-L) for each gap (1-9). There cre two extra ports thot you should not use. Write your answers in the boxes, 160 provided. The first one (0) has been done for you. Why Fairtrade coffee? Does buying Fairtrade products really make a difference to people's lives? We talked to Gerardo Arias Camacho,a coffee producer from Costa Rica, about how his community has been changed. In the 1980s, the price of coffee fell so low that it didn’t cover the cost of production. Many farmers left their land and (0) tofind work. I myself decided to go to America to make money and support my family. After eight years, Thad earned enough to (1) my father so that my parents could retire. But coffee prices ‘were still so low that I was forced to go back to the States for another two years. ‘The coffee market is still unstable, but now that we have (2). prices are stable and ‘we receive a guaranteed premium? for the ‘community. We spend this money on education, environmental protection, roads and bridges, and have (3) ‘We are sponsoring a scholarship programme so that our kids can stay in school. My oldest son is in college, my ten-year-old has already had as much education as me, and ry little princess isin her second year at school. With the help of fair trade, they might all @ and get a degree. They won't have to jump the border from Mexico to America, leaving their country for ten years, like me. ‘They can decide what they want in life. tell them, “You hhave two choices. You can be a coffee grower or you can 6 But learn how to grow coffee first, like your father and your grandfather.” guaranteed premium: gorotie ‘cooperctive: Genosserschatt (ei Frome 2us Since being Fairtrade-certified, our farms have become more environmentally friendly Our coffee is now produced in a sustainable way. We have (6) by 80% in 10 years. We used to cut alot of trees down every year to fuel the ‘ovens of our production plant, Now we have ()____ by waste products, including coffee skins and the skins of macadamia nuts. Thelieve that my cooperative! would be out of business if it wasn't for fair trade. Free trade is not responsible trade. When prices go down, ® and prices drop further. Fairtrade is the way trade should be: fair, responsible and sustainable. When you are shopping, look for the Fairtrade label - you can be sure that the money is going (© —.. twill help us, but it will also help people around the world because the benefits of protecting the environment are for everyone. It is a matter of helping each other. ‘Asa Fairtrade farmer I finally feel that Thave a tool in my hand. It has given me knowiedge so that I am more able to defend myself and my people. I feel there isa future in front of us, because we can stay in our own country and make living growing coffee, h zum Verkoufsprels Zusommenarbett von Personen fr wirschaftiche 2wecke)ee ‘A installed a new oven which is fuelled G_ farmers produce more B | straight to the producers H_| lowered coffee production € | be something else 1 be able to go to university D | went to the cities J pick coffee for a living E gota Fairtrade certification K | improved our production plant F reduced the use of pesticides L. | buy the family farm from ofijzisia}si¢gi7iaja b What advantages of fair trade does the article mention? Make a list and compere with a partner. WGUAGE FE] Tolling about fair trade a Read the article again and find words and phrases that mean: 8 1 money you hove to spend to grow or create something: 2 without a lot of changes: —_ 3 money from the state or an organisation to pay for your education: — 4. causing little darnage to the environment, using few resources: eee 5 something you throw away: —___ 6 a person or an organisation that creates things that can be sold: _ Z 7 a document that states officially that a certain standord is being kept: 8 things you do to save nature: 9. if somebody can be trusted to do things right, this person is: _ 10 another expression for ‘good effects’: _ a ISTENING [FX] © Youre going to listen to Dan's sister Kathy talking about picking coffe. Speculate what each picture in ee 20b is showing and compare your guesses with a partner. b Now listen to Kathy and decide which picture she is talking about by writing the number of the recording into the correct box. 161