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Pad and Vent Design091818
Pad and Vent Design091818
66 x 560 ft (20 x 155 m) Broiler House
700 fpm (3.5 m/s) Average Wind Speed
0.25
Static Pressure (in H2O)
50 Pa
House Design 0.20
0.15
Basic Pad and Vent Calculations 0.10 25 Pa
Jeremiah Davis/Jim Donald 0.05
0.00
0 100 200 300 400 500
Distance Down House (ft)
30 m 60 m 90 m 120 m 150 m
Evaporative Cooling System Function? How Much Evaporative Pad Do I Need?
Temperature
92 F, 33 C
How much air do we need to
Relative Humidity Temperature
ΔT cool?
34% 75 F, 24 C
Relative Humidity
66%
How to Figure Tunnel Airflow Capacity? How to Figure Tunnel Airflow Capacity?
Determine Determine
Average Cross‐Sectional
Wind Speed Area
You must decide on how much wind speed you need Cross‐Sectional
500, 600, 700 fpm Area
2.5, 3.0, 3.5 m/s (CSA)
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How to Figure Tunnel Airflow Capacity? How to Figure Tunnel Airflow Capacity?
Ceiling Average
Cross‐Sectional Sidewall CSA
Peak Wind Speed
Area Height
Height
(CSA)
House Width Tunnel Capacity (cfm) = CSA x Average Wind Speed
Average Height = (Ceiling Peak + Sidewall Height) ÷ 2
CSA = House Width x Average height
Broiler House – Example Layout
How Many Tunnel Fans Needed? 12.2 m x 150 m x 2.9 m = 5,307 m3
• Need to determine capacity (cfm) of fan @ SP
– This information can be found in BESS Lab test
600 fpm
12.2 m
1.7 m x 15.5 m Windows CSA
3 m/s
Tunnel Capacity (cfm or m3/hr) 150 m
= Number of Tunnel Fans
Airflow (cfm or m3/hr) per fan 2 m x 15.5 m Pad (25) 0.19 m2 Inlets 1.4 m Fans .9 m Fan
Smooth Ceiling
No air deflectors 10
Ceiling
Cross‐Sectional Sidewall
Peak 380 sq ft 600 fpm
Area
12.2 m
House Width 2 m x 15.5 m Pad
(25) 0.19 m2 Inlets
1.4 m Fans .9 m Fan
Tunnel Capacity
CSA = 12.2 m x 2.9 m = 35.4 sq m 380 sq ft x 600 fpm = 228,000 cfm
CSA = 40 ft x 9.5 ft = 380 sq ft 35.4 sq m x 3 m/s = 106 m3/s
= 381,600 m3/hr 12
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Broiler House – Example Layout
12.2 m x 150 m x 2.9 m = 5,307 m3
Max Windspeeds Through Pads?
• Need to decide the diameter of tunnel fan
Wind speeds higher
– We will use a 54‐in (1.4 m) Tunnel Fan
• Reduce efficiency
• Need to determine capacity (cfm) of fan @ SP • Increase Static Pressure
– This information can be found in BESS Lab test
– We will use 25,600 cfm – 43,520 m3/hr 350 fpm
228,000 cfm 1.75 m/s
= 8.9 Tunnel Fans
Round Up:
25,600 cfm
381,600 m3/hr 9 Tunnel Fans
Wind speeds lower
= 8.8 Tunnel Fans
• Improved efficiency
43,529 m3/hr
• Requires more pad
How Much Pad Area? How Much Pad Area?
6 ft 6 ft
Pad Area? 2 m Pad Area? 2 m
9 fans x 25,600 cfm
Tunnel Capacity (cfm) Pad Area( sq ft) = = 658 sq ft
Pad Area( sq ft) = 350 fpm
Max Pad Wind Speed (fpm)
9 fans x 43,520 m3/hr
Tunnel Capacity (m3/hr) Pad Area( sq m) = = 62.2 sq m
Pad Area( sq m) = 6,300 m/hr
Max Pad Wind Speed (m/hr)
1.75 m/s = 6,300 m/hr
How Much Pad Length? How Much Pad Length?
6 ft 6 ft
Pad Area 2 m Pad Area 2 m
Pad Length ? Pad Length ?
Pad Area (sq m) 62.2 sq m
Pad Length (m) = Pad Length (m) = = 15.5 m per side
Pad Height (m) x 2 sides 2 m x 2 sides
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1.7m
15.5m
2m Designed Pad Area for 3 m/s Minimum Tunnel Inlet Opening
19 20
Tunnel Inlet Window Opening Tunnel Inlet Doors
• These inlets must only be
Inlet Window Must Be No Less Than: used for tunnel ventilation
1.7m x 15.5 m Installed in Each Side and never minimum
ventilation
• These inlets are used for
Minimum Ventilation Fan Power 36” or 1 m minimum ventilation
chilling of the birds will
Need 2 cfm/ft2 or 36.6 m3/hr/m2 take place and large
40 x 500 = 20,000 ft2 = 1,858 m2 variations in house
temperature will result
2 cfm/ft2 = 40,000 cfm ≈ 68,000 m3/hr • These inlets can only be
4 – 10,000 cfm @ 0.10” s.p. used with fans of 1.2m in
diameter or larger.
≈ 4 – 17,000 m3/hr @ 25 pa
• Insulated and sealed
doors/pressure controlled.
21
Tunnel Door Applications Tunnel Door Applications
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Tunnel Inlet Restrictions How Many Perimeter Inlets Do I Need?
PAD
Very Minimum Required
INLET 40,000 cfm / 750 cfm/ft2 = 53.3 ft2
1.14m 2 ft2/inlet = 53.3 / 2 = 26 Inlets
1.5m 90°
1.37m
Better Calculation Method
1.14m
3 Tunnel Fans = 3 x 25,600 = 76,800 cfm
76,800 / 750 = 102.4 ft2 = 9.51 m2
102.4 / 2 ft2/inlet = 51 inlets needed
26
Broiler House – Example Layout
Cold Weather & Minimum Ventilation Inlets 12.2 m x 150 m x 2.9 m = 5,307 m3
Yes or No?
• It is Very Hard to Create A Good Bird .9 m Fan 2 m x 15.5 m Pad .9 m Fans (25) 0.19 m2 Inlets 1.4 m Fans
Environment in Cold Weather Without MV
Inlets
• The Tunnel Inlet Is A Poor MV Inlet
12.2 m
1.7 m x 15.5 m Windows
• House Needs to Be Tight
• Determine The Number of Fans You Want to 150 m
Run Without Changing To Tunnel Ventilation
• Fan Power in CFM ÷ 750 ≈ ft2 of Inlet 2 m x 15.5 m Pad (25) 0.19 m2 Inlets 1.4 m Fans .9 m Fan
Tunnel Inlet Sizing – No Pads
230,000 CFM
230,000 / 575 = 400 SQ/FT
(391,000 m3/h)
391,000 / 10,350 = 37.8 m2
29 30
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Other Questions‐ Air Deflector Baffles
Yes or No?
• Air Deflector Baffles Can Be Used to Adjust Wind
Speed
• They Can Not Create Wind Speed
• A Low Profile Smooth Ceiling is Superior for Tunnel
• In High Ceiling Houses Only
• Space Them 25‐40ft (7.6‐12 m)
• No Lower Than 9 ft (2.75 m)
• Deflectors Reduce Fan CFM = 10 Deflectors ADD 10 x
0.015 = 0.15 sp at Fan End
• Fan End = 0.25 sp or 62 pa
31 32
2m = too low
2.75m = good
33 34
Airflow Under Baffles Airflow Under Lower Baffles
550 fpm 550 fpm
2.75 m/s 2.75 m/s 600 fpm 600 fpm
650 fpm 650 fpm 650 fpm 700 fpm 700 fpm
3 m/s 700 fpm 3 m/s
3.25 m/s 3.25 m/s 3.25 m/s 3.5 m/s 3.5 m/s
3.5 m/s
35 36
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Overall Take Home Points
• Environmental control pays big returns
• Can’t ventilate a loose house
• Stir fans are very, very important in loose housing
• Best houses have some side fans
• The controller is only as good as the program that
you use
• Serious planning necessary before new housing is
built
37