UNIVERSITY ENTRANCE EXAMINATION

ENGLISH LANGUAGE

Duration : 1 ½ hours

INSTRUCTIONS TO STUDENTS

1. This paper contains ONE question and comprises SEVEN printed pages,
excluding the cover page.

2. You are not allowed to bring in materials or a dictionary to the

examination.

3. You may use page 3 to plan and organize your ideas for the essay.

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4. Write your essay on the lined pages provided in this booklet.
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5. Use a pen for this test. You are not allowed to use a pencil.

Name of Student: _______________________________________

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Identity Card /

Passport number: _______________________________________

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Examination venue: _________________Seat number: _________

Examiner’s use only

Total marks

Examiner
This examination assesses your ability to write in response to a prompt based on a given
text.
Write an expository essay of about 450-500 words to a university lecturer in response to
the following question:
People in many countries do not welcome an open door migration policy. Yet,
migration is important in strengthening international trade, as well as building
prosperous social and political relationships. What can governments do to better
integrate migrants to the host country?

You are required to use information from the text to support your ideas.
You have to acknowledge information taken from the text using proper academic
conventions.
You will be assessed on sophistication and sufficiency of ideas, use of information from
the reading text, clarity and logical development of ideas, and language fluency and
accuracy.

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Text

Migrants Welcome, up to a Point

The backlash against immigrants in the rich world is a threat to prosperity everywhere.
British politicians of all stripes promise to curb the rapid immigration of recent years. Voters
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in France, Switzerland and Denmark last year rewarded politicians who promised to keep out
strangers. In America, huddled masses are less welcome as many presidential candidates
promise to fence off Mexico. The Eurobarometer poll in July 2015 found that immigration
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had become Europeans’ biggest concern, far ahead of the economic issues that usually
dominate such surveys. Around the rich world, immigration has been rising to the top of
voters' lists of concerns, which, for those who believe that migration greatly benefits both
recipient and donor countries, is a worry in itself.

What a large population of people do not realise, however, is that immigration takes many
forms. The influx of Poles to Britain, Mexicans to America, Zimbabweans to South Africa,
and Bangladeshis to the Persian Gulf, has different causes and consequences in each case. In
fact, most often migration is about young, motivated, dynamic people seeking to better
themselves by hard work. History has shown that immigration encourages prosperity.
Millions of Europeans who made it to the New World in the 19th and 20th centuries
improved their lives, just as the near 40 million foreign-born are doing in America today.
Many migrants who decide to return home are able to take back with them new skills, savings,
technology and bright ideas. Remittances to poor countries on average yearly are worth at
least $260 billion which is more, in many countries, than aid and foreign investment
combined. Letting in migrants does vastly more good for the world's poor than stuffing any
number of notes into Oxfam donation tins.

The movement of people also helps the rich world. Prosperous countries with growing
workforces rely heavily on young foreigners. Indeed, advanced economies compete
vigorously for outsiders' skills. Around a third of the Americans who won Nobel prizes in

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physics in the past seven years were born abroad. About 40% of science and engineering PhD
holders working in America are immigrants. Around a third of Silicon Valley companies
were started by Indians and Chinese. The low-skilled are needed too, especially in farming,
services and care for children and the elderly. It is no coincidence that countries that welcome
immigrants, such as Sweden, Ireland, America and Britain, have better economic records than
those that shun them.

Given all these gains, why is there a backlash? This is partly because politicians prefer to
pander to xenophobic fears than to explain immigration's benefits. Yet, not all fear of
foreigners is irrational. Voters have genuine concerns. Large numbers of incomers may be
unsettling; economic gloom makes natives fear for their jobs; sharp disparities of income
across borders threaten rich countries with floods of foreigners; outsiders who look and sound
notably different from their hosts may find it hard to integrate. To keep borders open, such
fears have to be acknowledged and dealt with, not swept under the carpet.

Americans object to the presence of around 12 million illegal migrant workers in a country
with high rates of legal migration. However, given the American economy's reliance on them,
it is not just futile but also foolish to build taller fences to keep them out. Congress must
resume its efforts to bring such workers out of the shadows by opening more routes for legal,

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perhaps temporary, migration, and an amnesty for long-standing, law-abiding workers
already in the country. Politicians in rich countries should also be honest about, and quicker
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to raise spending to deal with, the strains that immigrants place on public services.

The reason for many not wanting an open migration policy is not all about money. As the
London Tube bombers have shown, the social integration of new arrivals is also crucial. The
advent of Islamist terrorism has sharpened old fears that incoming foreigners may fail to
adopt the basic values of the host country, thus potentially contributing to social unrests.
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Tackling this threat will never be simple, but nor would blocking migration do much to stop
the dedicated terrorist. It is certainly better to seek ways to isolate the extremist fringe by
making a greater effort to inculcate common values of citizenship where these are lacking,
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and through a flexible labour market to provide the disaffected with rewarding jobs.

Above all, perspective is needed. The vast population movements of the past four decades
have not brought the social strife the scaremongers predicted. On the contrary, they have
offered a better life for millions of migrants and enriched the receiving countries both
culturally and materially. To preserve these great benefits in the future, politicians need the
courage not only to speak up against the populist tide in favour of the gains immigration can
bring, but also to deal honestly with the problems it can sometimes cause.

Adapted from

Keep the borders open. (2008, January 3). The Economist. Retrieved from:
http://www.economist.com/node/10430282

Welcome, up to a point. (2016, May 28). The Economist. Retrieved from:

http://www.economist.com/news/special-report/21699310-politicians-must-keep-better-control-migration-
and-tell-truth-welcome-up

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USE THIS PAGE FOR PLANNING YOUR ESSAY

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END OF PAPER

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