1 MISSION IN SEARCH OF RIZAL ABROAD Early in 1959 the Jose Rizal National Centennial Com- mission decided to send two “special Rizal researchers” to gather all available materials about Jose Rizal, the Filipino national Hero, in Europe, America, Japan, and Hongkong—in all places where he lived or which he visited.' This step was taken in order to secure as complete a collection of materials as possible for inclusion in the twenty to thirty volumes? which the Commission plans to’ publish on Rizal come the centenary of his birth in June 1961. The Commission, as created by law, is a special governmental agency charged with the duty of preparing for the nationwide celebra- tion of the Rizal centenary in 1961. Among the projects of the Commission are the construction of a national cultural shrine which will consist of a theatre, a library and archives, and a museum; the publication of books by Rizal and about Rizal; the holding of an international con- gress of Filipinologists or those who hold the Philippines close to their hearts; and the holding of literary contests (biography, poem, drama, screen play, etc.) on the life and works of the hero, and art contests on painting and sculpture (about Rizal). ‘The Commission itself, by and large, is composed of six- teen members of known probity who render service without remuneration. Eleven of the members are in the nature of mem- bers ex-officio and five are supposed to be renowned Rizalists,” 1 Copy of resolution naming two “special Rizal researchers” can be seen as Appendix A and Appendix B of this book. 2'From the Commission’s office, it was reliably gathered (as of December 30, 1960) that there ere sufficient ‘materials for printing about 25 volumes on Rizal in each of the 3 official languages of the Philippines: Pilipino, English, and Spanish, ‘A-aumber of other volumes are being prepared in other major Philippine languages. 17= JOSE RIZAL NATIONAL CENTENNIAL COMMISSION | 4 = EN See PeepersATIONAL CENTE NATIONAL = JOSE RIZAL N { fi NNIAL COMMISSION © | MISSION IN SEARCH OF RIZAL ABROAD who are selected by the other members “from the cultural, edu- cation and civic organizations of the country” and confirmed Secretary of Education ion, while the Secretary ler of the Order of the by the President of the Republic. is ex-officio chairman of the Com of Finance and the Supreme Comi Knights of Rizal are ex-officio vie T was one of the two special Rizal researchers chosen by Both of the Commission, the other being Dr. Jose P. Bantug. us are remembers of the Commission, and both of us ‘were absent in the Commission meeting when the selection was made. ‘At any rate, the Commission probably took into conside- ration our having shown great interest in Rizal, as each of us had writen some books and/or brochures about Rizal «were to undertake some research on Rizal without remunera- SS Hon, Dre Bantug wes t0 cover Spain, Britain, and Hongkong, © while T was instructed to proceed to France, Austria, Germany, &) Belgium, Switeerland, Italy, the United States, and Japan. U.De Bantug left by boat for hie destination about three ~ weoks ahead of me, while T took an Air France cartier for Paris in the afternoon of July 2, 1959 and arrived at the D' Orly Airport shortly before midnight the following day. 1 time to enable me to attend a reception ine Embassy on the occasion of the 13th ‘anniversary ‘celebration of the Philippines Philippine Charge- Independence (July 4). Minister and Mrs. Mauro Mendez, Affairs, in the absence of Ambassador Salvador P. Lopez, who ‘was then in Manila on home leave, played hosts at the recep- tion. Ie Nat otha Hasan Comte ry U.S. T. LIBRARYurRONIO M. ALIP reception afforded me an opportunity to me Thad aterm ofa of in connection WAR YF Cae meine ih Mrs. Mendez (the former ce ercarpio, who is herelf a writerscholar and autho Pa peo on Rizal) Hkewise eased somewhat the burden of slork as she informed me of her previous res my wreath of iafomation to what T myself personaly ga i sojourn in this city. T perused her repo daring my tthe of Dr. Bantug for Spain and of Pro ‘Ange! Hidalgo who later covered Hongkong before 1 this book, which I wrote as my own personal contri the centenary of our hero. My trip took me over six months, from July 2, when I left Manila for Paris, to January 11, the following year, with Hongkong as the last place I visited. I returned to Manila on ‘Pan American Airways plane. During this period, I covered Pari, Dieppe, Marseille and Biarritz in France; Brussels and Ghent in Belgium; Rome in Italy; Schaffhausen, Basel, Laus: ne, Berne, and Geneva in Switzerland; Berlin, Frankfurt, H delberg, Bingen, Mainz, Welhemsfeld, and several other in Germar na, Stuttgart, and Munich in Austria; Prague ‘and Leitmeritz in Czechoslovakia (formerly Austrian Bohemia); London in England; Madrid, Barcelona and several other cities in Spain; New York, Washington, Chicago, and San Francisco ited States; Tokyo, Yokohama and some other cities ‘and Hongkong. In all these places I saw traces of sred necessary materials about and water. The air transportatio transportation, train, buses, taxi, et tion, the flat-boat on the Rhi tertaining, and very useful is trip, too, T availed myself of the very valuable as- sistance, which I hereby gratefully acknowledge, of friends and new acquaintances in the different Philippine embassies, lega- tions, and consulates in Europe, America and Asia, those of the UNESCO house in Paris. Special should be made of Ambassador Tomas de Castro and his st in Switzerland; Ambassador Manuel Nieto and Press Attact Antonio Estrada of Madrid; Consul General and First Secretary Eutiquio Sta. Romana of London; Consul General Raul T. Leu- terio and his press attache, Eddie Martelino of New York; Am- bassador Carlos P. Romulo and his staff (including Minister a‘purnonto M: ALIP 2 IN FOREIGN LANDS RIZAL IS UNKNOWN jppine national hero, thi Jeader whom one American lady-sociol ington and Lincoln combined, the al hero the centenary ‘Gf whose birth will be celebrated by the Philippines in 1961, js virtually unknown outside his country. I asked the people whom I met in New York, Ws ‘Los Angeles, London, Tokyo, Par ‘Madrid, Rome, Berne, Geneva, Vienna, Berlin, Frankfurt, Bi sels, The Hague, Leyden, Amsterdam, Delhi, Te Hongkong, Bangkok, and Taipeh whether they knew Jose RizalSS 10M AUP smediate Tesponse was in urRoM an thee sent hear of Fi he nae” hy seed oven prow tive. . ashington, Nat Water pan een Bl rand the mare ° Stew Shakespear Mion, Mart, ToS de Avila, Co. ha tytn Smear Hag Caves Pats and Net sie, ‘The Rizal-conscious turally wonder and ask the Philippine national fronted by suc a cs ‘not known in foreign ecg ae aa petite tn. uel L, Quezon and Emilio Aguinaldo, and to a certain extent, Sergio Osmefta and Manuel A. Roxas.* Of the well-known international and national encyclo- pedias I have consulted, only the “Encyclopedia Esp: photograph and a biographical sketch of great men of other countries whom his school days. He recalls Washingt Republic; Lincoln, the great Democrat and Emanci- eon, the great and numerous others? In Paris I had a chance to talk to some very important ‘people, including members of the French parliament and the Tibrarians in the Paris Bibliotheque Nationale, and staff mem- bers of the UNESCO, and not one told me he knew Rizal, nor ‘ever heard of him. Even among our “brother Americans," Jose Rizal is gen- «rally not known, although most of them, I noted, knew Ramon ‘Magsaysay and Carlos P, Romulo, whom they consider as Fi- Yipino heroes. Only a few political old timers remember Ma- 3 Rigel itn, tating in the ead eee ete at tl ns il Flipinewtsatan ands relbtncwa arches tten by Carlos P. Rem %fe Tangere” ang 1887 and 1891 civico-patrotic. Ore xa of the ultimate emanci. ‘a colonizing country. Sun Yat Sen's fst the Manchu rule in China ang fement in India in the 20th century Yet the world remembers pation of « colony BY revolution in 1911 esi Gandhi's styataha mover followed almost gent y fool Gon and Gandhi but not Rial ‘Socially, Rizal's ideas on the rights of labor and the dig rity of man might have been radical- and revolutionary, os sired they were considered so by the powers that be during fis time, but they have now found general acceptance in our Contemporary era and are indeed fait accompli in these our Gwa days. ‘These precepts are now proclaimed in ringing voices ind are universally accepted in the United Nations whose char ter was promulgated about fifty years after Rizal's martyrdom at Bogumbayan on that bleak morning of December the 30th, 1896. The dignfication of labor and of man as a human be- So emphasized by Rizal in his writings, now finds sions in the universal acceptance of the minimum r-the maximum hours of work, the social security sys- right to collective bargaining, free hospitalization, va- ‘ation and sick leaves, modem factory laws covering health and safety facltes, woman and child labor, and other rights or privileges granted to man as he ekes out his mundane existence ‘2 6 free agent in the community where he lives. “His belief in the inherent equality among nations, as well as his emphatic denial of the so-called superiority of the white ace over the colored peoples, which have been proclaimed only lite in Dein, ermay. Che ii nt wo ey hereto secay found ec in Mee 1952 26 can be fous Int FOREIGN LANDS RIZAL IS UNKNOWN recently by the United Nations, was advanced by Rizal more cover a large variety of subject matters, including, besides labor and human rights (which have been discussed above), education, religion, econ- ‘The present craze for the community school system and the movement for rural improvement largely through self-help,RuFRONIO. M. ALIP J thinking. and ieate our educational : sich dor as having begun only during Maated these things not For Rizal actual pages of his novels but expec Dapitan where he lived 98 years have followed rer, he conducted classes, and how ft of Dapitan and made it a model rural c the improvem munity.” Off and on I have had the chance, either as a gov. tenment official or as plain Juan de la Cruz, to travel through Gur rural communities and to observe how these communities ork and progress, and it is my opinion that while these com- Tunities have made some creditable advancement, they have hot improved fast enough, especially when compared to the progress of Dopitan during Rizal's short sojourn there. This fs not slighting our present-day teachers but simply making an objective appraisal of conditions obtaining in the field. /Ri. zal had no flair for fanfare, for publicity, for palabas or pasikat my places here and abroad. He sim- the public weal constantly ply worked objectively sind. ‘The way Rizal envisioned and actually tried to manage his school some sixty years ago was what I myself saw in the several community schools I observed in some provinces in the Philippines, as well as those in India, ‘Thailand, and Burma dur- ing my recent observation trips. In Rizal's school he imple- ‘mented what is good in the Montessori, the Pestalozzian, and the ‘Aristotelian educational systems, combined with his own Practical method, Thus even educationally, Rizal's leadership iad its own mark and patent, from many of which the world in general a 4 0 te feral and the Philippines in particular have many things Res, Ma, The Basa ot teat rao B lo, Mani 1959 a Rina, ctr end Ella, Manils, 1957, my 28 1N FOREIGN LANDS RIZAL IS) UNKNOWN commerce and in- jon's progress in agricult hese aspects of life would amelioration of the people of this country ‘and of the world asa whole. He placed the development of ‘agriculture, commerce and industry as one of the main objectives of his La Liga Filipina. A pertinent question one will probably ask is Ask any Fil cca, and some countries sembly. From newspapers we have learned how active the Phil- ‘missions to the United Nations have been in its delibe- rations and from my own personal observations as unofficial observer in this international body on several occasions, I can vouchsafe for the able representation which our mission has been undertaking in the name of the Philippines. ‘The specal mis- nators Lorenzo Sumulong and Ferdinand Marcos and Congress- ‘man Ramon Bagatsing — reaped popularity in their participation in the discussions in this world organization. ‘The second reason I would like to advance is that having remained a colony for about four hundred year ‘Spain and later under the United States, we have vigorously enough to make our existence and identity known to other peoples. ‘Spain in 1896 came three quarters of a century later than the 29gurroxio M. ALIP ‘yan group. Central European newspo} dake cognizance of him, as different cultural groups, suc ethnologists, historians, and anthropologists ‘memory easily fades. to publicize enough what also IN FOREION LANDS RIZAL 18 UNKNOWN ness, the world continues to remember and recognize them up to the present time. ‘But poor Jose Rizal, the pride of the Malay race! He forgotten because the gener: ying to do something about stop with the closing of Centennial Commis it. Its efforts, let us hope, wi the Rizal Centenary.urrosio M: ALP 3 TRAVELING ON THE HIGH SEAS Rizal's First Trip Rizal travelled by sea to foreign lands several times. Qa gers from Manila to Singapore and from here he proceet ‘SS. Djemnah, Being methodical yrs od‘puFRoNIO M. ALIP the shoreline of the city. clean sheet of Paper ie drew on & fed his act thus: jence to my heart, s nimbly in obedience to my heart, ang ; “My hand rum in ess snch could have made me happy, and nevertheles, abandoning them! Will I find them on my return free, have left them? ‘The Saivadora plowed its course through the bay and passed between the Bataan peninsula and the of Cor. regior. He decribed the Marveles mountains on the Bataan peninsula as “beautiful” and to him it seemed “like the Maki. ling (mountain) of my province which brought back to me vivid memories of that ‘beheld the small islands of ‘and beyond was the bigger island of Mindo When dusk came, he recorded his “The sun is setting; its disk is scattering a is reflected on the rippled surface of the ql clouds tinted with vivid red, seemed like the dome of an in- candescent grote, Shad invading the East, lengthening themselves but losing the intensity as they neared the West.” AA Sew moments later, he wrote: “The moon has risen from the water, Reflections of the sun in the West and a round and most beautiful disk in the East. The gentle and cool breeze caresses my brow, bringing me aroma and fresh- ‘ess and makes the paper tremble. In my town pethaps re looking at the same moon ss I do. Perhaps my and my sisters, looking at it, are thinking of me ne Tm ie country.” On the way he also near Corregidor, 4 dential wisdom,” He noticed, too, that these Spaniards held the same attitude towards other countries, and concluded that all was self-praise for the Spaniards, ‘Visiting Singapore On May 9, on their 7th-day on the trip, the Salvadora docked at Singapore, an E igapore, Colombo, Aden and even Zamboanga, and Davao even today. LPntaeurnonto MAL a horse-drawn carriage, a tote ged here for tw country” oth Singapore visiting plac, ‘He spent most ‘ schools, public markets, churches, ten rik the aden prt. rer they were better than they ples, and short 1 eerved that many streets Were Wide ang trees and at least two markets were better thay ‘Manila, He observed, too, that the Malay, not understand him nor could he understand them, yj, wt the need of knowing English as many people spol, is am 5 ae eet Singapore on 11° May on board the French box, With him were 40 Dutch, 1 French, severg Se a Spaniards and many Siamese. He was the only Fieal was impressed by the Djemnah, which he describes |. with eabins that are very beautify =. sand each has a light, curtain, etc. The floor is covered with rugs; there are comfort rooms, very clean; the bathrooms, ex .- great orderliness prevails... ‘The service is un Ficturesque But Lonely Point Galle On May 17 (Wednesday) the Djemnah arrived at Point Galle, another British colony, which was full of tropical vegets with elegant palm tres. noticed the Indian houses “made of clay and stone ani them can be seen women who perhaps look too masculine, but handsome.” He noticed that the men did not shave, and thet before puberty, itis difficult to distinguish by the face alone 36 “TRAVELING ON THE Hi the two sexes” But he was impressed by the eyes of Indian women, for he said: “I have never seen such beautiful and expressive eyes.” Even today one will find among the Indians the prettiest and the ugliest women in the world as I myself saw during my recent trip to that country of sur- prising contrasts. In this island color visited, among others, an_Indian Buddhist temple where he “found the Indians prostrate with the forehead touching the floor, responding to a kind of mournful ” Here, too, he saw a Buddha image “about eight varas, ining but with open eyes which were made of emeralds, $50 gold.” He also saw offerings of flowers nuts (buyo or bunga). On leaving the temple, he alms, according to established recorded $15 as his expenses in Point Galle, $7 of which hhis hotel accommodation and food for a day at the Oriental Hotel, Beautiful Colombo Early in the moming of May 18, the Djemnah weighed anchor and left for Colombo, Ceylon, and after five hours and aa half of rough voyage arrived at this port. Although the boat ‘would leave the port the same evening, Rizal and several other passengers decided to visit the city. The first thing that at- tracted the attention of our traveller was the breakwater, which “made me (Rizal) think of Manila (of the necessity of having fone or several there). In Rizal's opinion, elegant than Singapore, Pressed by the city’s magnificent buildings, wide, tree-shaded streets, beautiful private houses, and the museum. Together with his several co-passengers in the Djemnah, Rizal took din- ner at the Grand Oriental Hotel, after which they proceeded back to the boat. For seven days after they had left Colombo, they had their cabins closed as the weather was very bad, and to them it seemed “the voyage lasted an eternity.” The weather im- 7yy and they 8 was“ Behe Africa. au to ough) Denman a half-moon shone boy, foe undulating, waves, the sir by aa Pin the deck, others sat down jg seis others sane and danced to the accompa deep medi, Rial on bis POE soliloquized: spent of # Pia : oh, Thaw, Spit crestot, DONE ‘that had no beginning ds ings in your mi 4,1 oe win et Over there on the other side c salute Thee and the seas shower I family and reserve for me the suff rings.” ie fling dap” Riel recorded es tena st & svn anim tht burned. The voyage Bas een good, and at wie which was Hike the one preceding We arrived at Aden it about eleven and & half” ‘Aden Reminds Rizal Of ‘The following moming, Rizal and some other passencers took a cance for the port, where they experienced “extreme unbearable heat.” Around, they saw nei tor a leaf, nor a root, for everything was ari raw its black--oily black—inhabitants, with curly, wooly ai very white teeth, living in wretched huts made of four po! ed grass roofs, He wondered why people lived ir ident even wat to grow.” In the city, he sav tags begging for alms and numerous Africans tenc: wand peace on MY Dante's “Inferno” ‘Thru The Suez Canal “That same even vening, the Djemnah left Aden and coursed its way through the igh the Red Sea, and arrived at Suez on 2 June. UGH SEAS {TRAVELING ON THE Here they were placed on a 24-hour quariniiie Suez is a Het ety on the right bank of the Sver Canal. This is the final Seaport, that because of its strategic ‘and maritime impor- time, became for years the bone of ‘contention among impe- constructed by the British fountries. The Canal was it was the product of the engineering ineer, Ferdinand de Lesseps. It is abovt fometers long. It shortened the route more than half its original ly seized by the Egyptian Ps mers and caused quite a stir in from Europe to Asia by ‘The port of Suez was recent its British ow rent ove hing, it reminded me of my (purrowo MALIP ‘you nt disk could only country! fre you, gentle melanchel ‘They crossed the canal in ‘on 7 June, Port Scid was a bu iy! T have alays loved lays, arriving a ich was sical in one of which, Rizal saw, ven and some men played beautiful pieces to the di janumerable customers.” ‘There was a plaza nam eps, which was “beautiful, well arranged, with a g: ‘yell-cultivated and precious in that region.” A Rapid Look At Naples ‘The four-day trip on the Mediterranean, from Port to Naples, was uneventful. On the way Rizal sighted tus, and passed through Messina street between the island of Sicily and Italy proper. Rizal also took notice of Mt. Eins which was covered with snow. In the distance he saw boli, another mountain, and Vesuvius volcano, both sm: He was impressed by the tally covered with Castle of St. Telmo, ‘of Naples which he found rapid look and walked on it paved streets and saw its plazas, aa plazas, shops, statues, and concrete ‘The city of Naples which I myself reached by Iuxury bus 59 is one of the biggest and busi Ticly populated in the whole of Italy. Ie cam to offer than Rome? ‘The toweri Rizal, which T he same volcano that erupt Pompeii, is truction of the twin vations made of Pompeii reveal city with buildings made of stone and bricks though narrow, were straight and cobbled. 1 thermal bath, a promenade, a public square many other things that signify a highly civilized life ‘The Bay of Naples that y to Tefracino, Sorrento and to the Isle of Capri, wi leveloped high- spots in Europe, com- ‘on the Mo- parable to a certain degree to the French naco-Nice-Cannes shorelines. } I'am sure Rizal would have been if he had seen these places himself as they look Rizal at ten olclock at night." Corsica, native country of a soldier wi Rizal's Second Sea-Voyage f boat from Marseille back to Manila.* He boarded the French steamer Djemni France, for Saigon on 3 Ji wame ship he took from Singapore to Mars lier. ‘There werecommended the accommoda Tervee in this sip, about fifty passengers, including a French general (Chanu), his wife and 3 children, and 3 aides. With him, too, were 4 Englishmen, 3 Chinese, 2 Japanese, 2 Germans, Frenchmen. There were 2 Filipino domestic servant: in a letter to his friend, Fernando Canon, that he was the only ‘one who could speak to all passengers as most of them spoke only their respective languages, a. tthe crown colony.* to Japan where he stayed about a month and a fered much sea-sickness from Hongkong to Yokohama. From there he went to New York by e two weeks in this country.* From New York he sailed on the SS. Liverpool, England and then proceeded to Japanese and a Spaniard who know nothing excep’ ppective languages. The Spaniard is a young man who went assequent chaptet country and Peal io ieves ch work twas a sequel to fi rote numerous articles and engst decided to come back home, oe, CAS his friends, both Filipinos and foreigners, hed advised him to the contrary. Rizal's Fourth Trip: Marseille To Hongkong Fe tok a stamer, SS. Melbourne at Mars on Sunday, October 18, 1891 for Hongkong. With tip were numerous pesengers, inluding about a dozen I | tnd French missionaries, beaded by a bishop (Volontari) who } were bound for Tonking, Indo-China. There were also the tile and chliren ofthe lewtenant governor of Saigon; a Ru San lndyacntst who was going 00 a scientific mists India; a Japanese; two Egyptfins; several Austrians; and nume- sous other nationalities ‘There were also Jesuit missonais Bound for Chia. Rizal described the tip from Mearsile to ‘Aden as “beau and pleat” 7 ae ‘he spoke many languages, Rizal was at home with 1 of ts copangrs “He tale with the Rusian lady sc {ohm se syle seal langues) whose beauty ire read int is conversions withthe Franciscan missiona Han, which he ssi, reminded him ofthe if a itz, France!" Mucha fe, mucha fo co itolerancia, siempre intoleran: not eseape his fancy. Bishop Volonteri impressed Rizal with his knowledge about the Philippines, including his own province of Laguna, and mu ‘merous important personages in Manila Tike Fathers Rivas, Fon in Mendoza, Mariano Gomez, Payo, and many shop, Rizal said, described (Paraiso terrenal), but fence of a bad government. Indeed, the Philippines is a para- ise for missionaries even today. Alexandria, Egypt, seca, Agu On reachis Amoy and his they saw were the ‘They things to buy like lemonade, beer, and souvenir photos cost much, Leaving Port Said October 24, the ship coursed its wayhnere it had to stop severa| long Suer Canal w en to pass. Along the Eni ins coming from he saw big wooden constructions and greyiy, colored buildings with terraces surrounded by trees ‘They reached the Red Sea, October 25. The sea began to be rough. On both sides of the sea he saw mou Mt. Sinai of Biblical fame, could be seen on the left wi peak somewhat on an erect angle behind a chain of m deep blue, On the right, the mountains of B; rose high, with Akrab, about 10,000 feet tal Before noon, mass was celebrated aboard the ship. Amer wa, French, Portuguese and British flags were on ‘There was much attendance, ‘Throughout the mass s were kneeling. following day, the 26th, Rizal recorded the weather ladies, everybody was on the time. Some played on the pian part, Rizal played chess wit hhot the following day, but the sea wa h the Russian lady scientist who through # to allow other shi the othe a Arai in the moming ofthe 29th they ped through the et of Babel Mandeb and by noon they wore at Aden. Rial seven other (Jeni), took a look at thi ty port The visited the Cinems, the tunnels, the Capuchin convent ant church, the public tarens the ‘emenale ee. He natied + treat deal of improvement of the city since he was there est. Philosophical Discussions Among The Passengers Rizal recorded that on the 30th there were ang Tite th very furious ‘as: Who was the greatest saint? Who was the first man to 0 to heaven? What do the souls do in the Limbo! ‘Then on November 4th, he recorded likewise light discussion as to whether “will weakness or strength. He said that the Russi “hope” is man’s weakness; a Japanese opined not mean anything and what matters is srgued that “without hope there is no recorded of the discussion: “Much super discussion, too much talk. No profound thinkin ‘On the Sth he recorded: “I had a long conversation with » peoples, wor At eight ig they arrived at Colombo, Ceylon. Here most two days (November 5-6) various places. He noted same impression—tepid free-for ‘some bamboo, small houses, stores, groups of I before these (stores), naked children, negroes, (sonrientes), bun- ith their columns and curtains made of cows, four-seat They left Colombo at four Singapore lock pam, November 6, for (Two days Ite, in conversation he had with some Fran cis friars, they talked about the Franciscans in the Philip- pines, Rizal must have elven them the information of the huge weal Franciscans not Franciscans.” Rizal must have shrugged his shoulders. a ‘of various religious orders in his cou to Rizal: “If they are rich, then they areith a gran , a camel, two pelicans, Arabs fh as he drank beer through one eyes. A song by Mt. Sr te, who. pretended to be sick, and a monkey, ‘There were other musical number ‘Then voluntary contributions were collected by the wife of the governor accompanied by one Mr. Van Dedden, in te. half of the widows and orphans of the equivalent to about totalled 440 francs. was announced, intended for the this was met with grave indifference by the audience. ‘The fiesta ended with some refreshments. at 4 in the morning. Here to become governor of the Philippines. F Rizal in company with one Mr. Berezowsky, toured that it had undergone quite some changes si 1 st i tHe noted, for instance, the presence of man raw jenrikisha andthe selt-propelled sti ey Ie eer, pelled street cars. They leit ‘They arrived in Saigon three or four days later, and for wo days Rizal visited various places here. He notice! imals and vegetation here were very similar to those 8 [TRAVELING ON THE HIGH SEAS in his country, He saw, for instance, the bakawan, cacao, co- tes, Balimbing, jasmin, arcka, and among the animals, the tagak, caiman, vatious species of birds, mayas, ete. ‘They arrived in Hongkong on the evening of the 19th, While in Hongkong, where he stayed for several months, ip to Borneo, Then in June, 1892, he Rizal's Last Sea-Voyage Rizal’s last sea voyage to and from foreign Iands took place from September 3 to October 6, 1896. Rizal was a political 1802 to July 31, 1896. services as a physi surgeon in the Spanish army in Cuba where a rebellion had broken out. ‘The approval of his petition did not come until llowing day, he left Dapi- ind here he was to transfer July 30, 1896, At midnight th (On the way from Day ‘overs at Dumaguete, Cebu, I Romblon. At Dumaguete, he performed fon an eye ailment of the captain of the Cebu, he performed four opei its adjacent town of Molo lasted half reached Manila (August 6), the Isla de day. He was transferred for another boat that would take him to Sj hhe was waiting on this boat at Cavite when hheaded by Andres Bonifacio started (August 26, 1896). Aturmoxio M. ALP [TRAVELING ON NOON THE HIGH SEASBUPRONIO.M. ALIP six o'clock in the afternoon of September 2, he left the Ca, ‘and transferred to another boat, the Isla it picked whom Rizal recognized Pedro Roxas and Heeeitinioen vod bir Maal kacwtiaa Palade certain Manuel Pifieiro. Rizal Refuses To Escape Rizal's accounts of the trip were relatively meager whe, compared to those of earlier trips. One of the Spain, disembarke Historians record perhaps used for getting water. We saw the rail- to Port Said. At night, at about 7:00 o'clock, we Bitter Lake.” / Rizal was ordered kept in ie was “planning to stay bet the passengers that he ( most beautiful day for I felt sorry for the Spaniards who swallow such idiotic non- sense” A Much Improved Suez ‘As they entered the Suez Canal, Rizal noted in his diary: rt “I was miuch surprised by the town at the entrance which ‘the morning,” 32 ssgurronso Me ALI jona As A Prisoner ending At Barco the replied, I should leave them im and we walked a long sharp. We waited there and we were ‘who seemed to be more refined and attentive ‘and afterward they conducted me to prison Ne ‘officers. ‘The captain himself told me that when the Gener awakened, they would present me to him and I could talk with him, 1896 “Tuesday 6—At 1:00 or 2:00 o'clock in the afternoon “My prison is composed of a long hall, a parlor with one table and one armchair, and two alcoves in one of which there fare one bed, one table, and a washstand.” The Return Trip To Manila He described his i i oe aed his seturn tip to Manila thus: ‘office of the Captain General. On the road we stopped three 4na urrosto M4 earch jest stop they S007C ir the a officer read then Blanc’ eters TE ol arived from 0 out, Ce dressed oman of the HE Ta Tutenant gener ter he received fe had yrocured me & from Me ‘Again we passed were many people. The ship was full of soldiers and May name mentioned several times and the leaked at me with curity. Tam at the roundhouse on ridge under the care of solders and guards, The b prted at 8:00 o'ock at night and I was still there and {old me I would stay there throughout the voyage. I of the ship, who seemed to be an amia at they were preparing my cab ys guarded, and they gave cabin inthe second class, I went to bed without eat 1 felt chilly, and T slept. T awoke because a military o lited up my cover and touched my ankles saying: “Dost cover youre!” self again. Shortly “The watchword that I heard from the sentinels is th ‘they would not let me go out and not let anyone cabin of speak to me. I have observed that there are of ‘Wednesday 7—I woke up with a slight fever, the effet 6 of as igh chil. 1 spent the day in my te food, ‘Tho officer en duty seems here, At night two eame to xy 8— woke up weak and hungry. very young and beards. Ys thick Beard, An fous Madi. newspapers the liorders inthe Philippines and everybody belived so Holy Godt So pli opinion tel However, T hope to prove my innocence, God willing. I do not despair provi ‘the court that will try me is just. gals “Friday 9 woke up stronger y and I bear ome persons invmy cabin, ‘The officer on du ho i very dry but he seme resonab clam, "Teal more encouraged. bel doing to me isn Besing ippinos in order to be feel that my hope a fam ready to obey it. Ived. I'm happy and ready. “The lieutenant on duty, unlike the others, wants the light ssorsono MP the curtain on the door sight and He dee te on throughout IN is own way of wi hing. to be Om, EvET7ORE ng wants to reach jis dest to be dim hat the O° MY? cvfered me books. I aske Kane I spent the greater covered the two holes thro, Why? Later they yer, ‘ow has other ways. He maj, o tame to order MY SUPPEF. We co, ie turned out better than he was at hy today we arrived at Port Said. "Sundty AF Novenber—Today they returned t0 me th Soe Took away on the 11th of ast’ mont, aaron por Sid, For this reason my diary was la so ee ook away all my papers and afterward they px in real vars and they did not take me out until We reach ae eargen, That was what they did to me whenever ve tte Fe sang a port, They put me in four or six hours befor wer thy tae me out when we are already on the high sea However at Singapore they put me in 16 hours before aw trial Also twice they put handcuffs on me. Sunday 1 ‘of sergeants and another from the Academy. I am etern ‘rateul to them. There was only one young man who, «i though he came from the Academy, did not seem so; this one Ys rude and crs to|me, abusing his authority and takin advantage f ny situation, But what is one bad man aces Reta toad ons? Among the courteous officers ut lool Me annttt ME. Franciso Diaz and the son of the archi Ws one nha naeent HOW the names of the others. Ther been in Batanges with the Civil Guard. ! 58 TRAVELING ON THE HIGH SEAS. remember the name of the rude chap, but I will not write it down; I prefer to forget it.” ‘Thus ended his diary. From the boat which took him back from Barcelona to Manila, he was directly taken to Fort Santiago for confinement ‘as prisoner. Soon he was tried by a military tribunal. He was sentenced to die before a firing squad for the alleged crime of rebellion and of organizing illicit associations.gurronio M- ALIP 4 RIZAL IN SPAIN His Studies and Leadership Training of my where I spent over five weeks Rizal's footsteps in that country. ‘To what other researchers have already done, we add whatever Dr. Bantug and I have found in Spain to write the following accounts ‘Abroad, Rizal spent the greatest part of his time in Spain. He was there continuously from the summer of 1882 to the last months of 1885, save for only a few weeks’ vacation in Paris during the summer days of 1883. Then, off and on, he was also there from 1889 to February, 1891, before he left for France, Belgium, then France again before he finally went to Hongkong and then the Philippines. He was in Spain as a student, as a Filipino nationalist teader, or just a plain tourist. He stayed longest in Madrid where he finished his courses in medicine, philosophy, art, and gymnastic. He visited other centers of learning and culture and of politics, such as Barcelona and possibly Seville, Toledo, Avila, Escot and Irun. Madrid is the capital of Spai pines, is the country’s summer capital. metropolis, while the latter faces The Bay of Bi northeast near France. Seville in the south and Avi adolid in the north are big cities which have libraries and ar- a