Running head: JOURNAL ARTICLE REVIEW 2 1

Tiffani Shorter

HCP 0540 - Foundations in Child Placement Risk and Protective Factors

Journal Article Review 2

Nova Southeastern University

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Introduction:

Child maltreatment, comprising physical abuse, emotional abuse, sexual abuse, neglect,

and emotional abuse, is an interminable peril for adverse outcomes on health in juvenile, teens,

and middle age. Deleterious consequences associated with child abuse include reduced

neurological ability to overcome tension, poor overall corporeal health, increase levels of

dangerous health behavior, psychiatric health issues, poor cognitive and psychological

development, increased mortality and augmented violent behavior (Joshi, Cullins &

Southammakosane, 2016). The current estimation of the total cost of a one-year-old child in the

United States with reported abuse was approximately $ 558 billion (US $ in 2010), which

equates to approximately 4% of US GDP in 2010. A thorough assessment of lifelong

acquaintance with child abuse is an important initial step toward better considerate and reacting

to child abuse (Peterson, Florence & Klevens, 2018). The objective of this study is to deliver a

systematically cautious appraisal of the lifetime increasing risk of investigating abuse by children

in the United States.

Summary:

Wildman et al. (2014) estimated the prevalence of lifelong child abuse in children in the

United States. Although 12.5% are 18 years old, only child abuse reports supported by the CPS

show extensive and developing studies showing that many unsupported reports include high-risk

cases (Wildeman et al., 2014). Various researchers have asserted that the legitimacy of the

reports investigated by the CPS is not reliable. Studies show that some children have research on

a basis that is almost indistinguishable from those who do not focus on a varied kind of

subsequent deleterious consequences, from notification of child abuse to school performance and

death (Kim et al., 2017). Another important aspect of the investigation is child abuse within the
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time frame used. Few studies of administrative data use long time frames, but studies that require

older children and young adults to report experiences of abuse over several years have been

performed retrospectively (Finkelhor et al., 2015).

This study evaluate lifetime risk from inquiries of child maltreatment and to provide

NCANDS-based rates of mistreatment analyzed by various kinds of maltreatment (Kim et al.,

2017). In this study, child abuse data was obtained from the National Child Abuse and Neglect

Data System (NCANDS) 2003-2014 Child Archives. CPS organizations are positioned in all

states and receive reports provided by experts and non-experts. The annual Child File data

contains various descriptors about the abused reports investigated, including the kind of

maltreatment, date, author, family features, and provided amenities. Child population data were

obtained from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) (Kim et al., 2017). From

NCANDS Child Files, child age (years), gender, race/ethnicity, and abuse type were used in the

study. The study measured four main kinds of maltreatment, involving physical abuse, neglect,

sexual abuse, and emotional abuse. In addition, a life table method was applied to the study. One

of the potential weaknesses of this method is that if the annualized age-specific rates are not

stable over time, their estimates are not reliable (Kim et al., 2017). 

According to the results of this survey, 4.57% of all children in the United States were

investigated for abuse in 2014. Of these, almost half (2.39%) did not have an earlier inquiry in

the 2003-2014 database. Girls had a faintly increased inquiry rate (2.11%) for the first time than

boys (2.04%). Initial investigation rates were high due to negligence (1.40%), physical abuse

(0.64%), sexual assault (0.23%), and emotional abuse (0.20%). Hispanic children had the highest

lifetime prevalence among reported reports of emotional abuse, followed by Native American

children, blacks, whites, and the Asian / Pacific Islands (Kim et al., 2017).
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Critique:

To my awareness, this study is the first attempt by researchers to evaluate the risk of

lifelong maltreatment inquiries. This study delivers a valuable allusion for investigators who

subsequently use official records as an alternative to maltreatment. Current studies can also

augment to previous studies by spreading the pervasiveness by type of maltreatment. However,

in addition to its many strengths, this study has some limitations. This includes that the data

represented only 91% of the US population. The term life table process is a great strength that

allows this study to evaluate amassed risk without a real long-term follow-up of a real birth

cohort, but this method is also limiting as the evaluations are integrally approximate (Kim et al.,

2017).

Conclusion:

If a child maltreatment report can be used as a warning signal, leading to preventive

intervention or improvement, subsequent adverse effects can be avoided. Although pediatricians

are almost universally accessible to children and are a first line effort to define early identities,

many studies have found that the normal pediatrician is not assertive in their capability to retort

to child maltreatment. It is vital for medicinal education to consider child maltreatment as a

common communal health issue. This earns the same compensation for training programs such

as obesity and pediatric vaccines. Educators are at the forefront of child development and it is

equally significant to be able to identify and report cases of child maltreatment when they are

found. Further investigation is required to establish that these intrusions significantly lessen

maltreatment rates in different population groups. These results also support a comprehensive

programming idea to prevent child abuse as an attractive concept.

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References:

Douglas, E. M., & Mohn, B. L. (2014). Fatal and non-fatal child maltreatment in the US: An

analysis of child, caregiver, and service utilization with the National Child Abuse and

Neglect Data Set. Child Abuse & Neglect, 38(1), 42-51.

Finkelhor, D., Turner, H. A., Shattuck, A., & Hamby, S. L. (2015). Prevalence of childhood

exposure to violence, crime, and abuse: Results from the national survey of children’s

exposure to violence. JAMA pediatrics, 169(8), 746-754.

Joshi, P. T., Cullins, L. M., & Southammakosane, C. A. (2016). Child abuse and neglect.

Kim, H., Wildeman, C., Jonson-Reid, M., & Drake, B. (2017). Lifetime prevalence of

investigating child maltreatment among US children. American journal of public

health, 107(2), 274-280.

National Data Archive on Child Abuse and Neglect. National Child Abuse and Neglect Data

System (Child File), FFY 2003–2014. (2016). Retrieved from:

http://www.ndacan.acf.hhs.gov/datasets/dataset-details.cfm?ID=195

Peterson, C., Florence, C., & Klevens, J. (2018). The economic burden of child maltreatment in

the United States, 2015. Child abuse & neglect, 86, 178-183.

Wildeman, C., Emanuel, N., Leventhal, J. M., Putnam-Hornstein, E., Waldfogel, J., & Lee, H.

(2014). The prevalence of confirmed maltreatment among US children, 2004 to

2011. JAMA pediatrics, 168(8), 706-713.