MMR ARTS, DECORATIVE & CRAFTS LEATHER BRAIDING LEATHER BRAIDING has stood fr more than forty years as the efitie book in its eld. Grant's eloary writen guide to he ato Tener tracing contane dealedihsratons, st-y.sep insu ters, ad a wos of incerta, fasenatng infomation. The book rakes acconsble to even the noves senasbla ad recreational ses aha, om the emp butler badd baton to th o> ‘ata auto thong seliue Inuded is a Netoralperpectie ot aahor and is uncon i scloy, a aptr on eater bain oo, anda glossary of terme ‘BRUCE GRANT (883-1977) came his ifeon interest in lator byalag as ratraleugrowh 0 hie association wih cowboy on theranches nears Texas home. Leather bading becare hs alot, hobby, and as he grew alert ccznued to eczupy is spare ie | cour Plate S1~Splicing and Joining Hage Lacing.PLATE $2 Lane oF Two Loors—Use a thong about sx ig theron agai, a this in, inated of tng it tough 2 ole cay beneath the to Ip oso the tap gn in Fg 2 Then te wok by pli he two bot indeed in Fig. 8. Alves ty to ce he sae toon {bat the acing wll be constenty evens ‘Alter psig te thong under the wo loop, engi to the front sagtin aad this ine pai through hole No 3 as how in Fig ‘Bring ito the ron ap ender the wo fogs a ows in Figs, igen y paling pon ta prone te thn ated rg 8 "The eguene now is hough hole No.4 fom font o back and ‘then unde te two loops onthe tops ghten (hg then thr fe No. Sand under eto teas aw Jooune Sean Eace Laci oF Two Loors—Whete the elge lacing goes completly around as on a walle or bilMold and comes Deck to dhe sarang pope, nit the work by joning the bai, ‘When thi is done propiy Ie dice to tell white the braid ends or begins "Note in Fig 7 atthe starting point dhe standing en ig shown ote ines “The sanding eels withdrawn tough the varing Tole and the loop srough which e had pac. I is sown pe ‘tuding fom hole No.2 in Fig ‘The brad hae come completely around and the working ene it ‘sheen in Fig 9 jot to the fel ofthe arin ales Pasi thaogh Hot ro the op trek he opt eg, and tuner the intersection of the so loops to the lly as indeted by {he aviowtne fn Fig. 10.‘Then pan ie Uack over ir pat ‘own though the ight Raed loop td ico the same ole in which ISthe sanding end (Fg) ‘When binding togetier feo pices of leather tuck both ede ne side between te wo piees a the bald complete Pace S2—Spanih Edge Lacing of Two Laope,PLATE $8 ‘Seasasn Bocs Licwe or Tunze Loors—For this edge Incng, we a thongng lace about seven and one half ume he length o Be worked.” Sart by pasing the thon from the font to tbe eat through Role 2 apd folding the end ver the edge tothe back bee ‘een hole I and 2 “Tair ends shown in doce line ia Fig ‘Next, bring the working ed to the font and pus tough hole 1 and fo the fone again aod through hole Do aot daw he loop ight “There ae tree ofthese loops on the edge of the leather. Now fai the working end though the thee lenge trem the front the rear (ig 2) blog i forward and pas through ole task the font (ig. 9, “Tighten he start ofthe brid by drawing oni in he seme se- yuenes it was made an nthe se direction, but leave the tas te loopy sigh Too so the working end ca pss tough them, ‘aay. “The original end, shown in dated in, should be tcued Denen one ofr om parte ig. 4 the working ed shown passing through the second set of tice loops Bring it tothe front and then down ehrouyt hole 5 Gonuine we bain way wt the Oty who it ‘upped lightly wid «hammer or malice make te sony ‘Two-Tone Sean Eoor Lacie oF One LoorIt x orosone ng As white sn hong mas work trom the Font tothe wear. Fie inode thong A shrough hole I and then thong B ehh Bole 2 Bring thong A to the font and theough bale 3 (ig Oy Now pass thoag I tzough the lop of thong A fm the front to the rar and to the left of is nn pate a shown in Fig 7 Bring it forward and through hole ys show. Pas thong § through the Toop of shong B and to the Tele of it owe par an bring forward and though bole (Fig. 8). Contnae char uni the tnd, fee working eth one thong aed then the other The standing ends a the beginning cam be flded over and secured the tea beneath thet own pa ‘Pare 3$—Top: Spanish Edge Lacing of Thee Loops ‘Botton’ TworTone Spanish Ede Lacing of One Loop.PLATE 5 Rowxo Bea Eoce Lacoe—This edge Icing resembles the fowrthong round braid, xcept hat it ade wich ane hong. ‘There are veveral methods of making this beaul ce lacing. “re we wil consider the fees Sare with 3 thong at Test stents the lend of the edge to ‘be covered. Space te holer the sme athe wid of the log snd Punch thes this same distance from the eg. ‘Pass the thong through hole 1 Wom the Groot; forward and oth ate 3 Fo ote sae tough ie 9 Py then 7 and aly 8. Ir the edge lacing loge, Keep on paing ‘he tong tothe right cough ery aber ole. ‘Leave ah ext hole. (Hoe No 10) atthe end as shown (ig 2). "Now to sare Werlng buck. Sram hole go back through 7 a8 Indicated bythe atowline in Fg 2 Continue back toward the ‘ating pote unc! hale 2s reached Paw the end though bole ‘ ndeated by the serine in Fig. Inthe nest sep, work towards the ight ptelag the tong laaough hae 6, band 10 (Figs 4 and) ‘Now the 2a brid agin ‘The working end of the thong ‘sin the rear of hole TO, Dring Ke frwand over ta on part an ‘cer the nea hong "This eps nda by te fn lg 8. "The thong follows the ‘ame courte, Cary it rough ole (Fig) sed inthe oat pss IW Under the thong tothe lt of tm am Be seen in Fig the ‘over the next and under the next (Fg. ). "The al is show pase Ing though hole 6 i Fig 8, which wi be the course the tong, (On the ther side, pas it under one, then over neo top tel Under one i the isoae Cantnue wnt joan the warding eed whi in te "This rai ies Bat and ety cover the raw ge of the Heath eee bse many wes on sadly pistol elt ke seat te Pare M—Round Brad Edge Laing,PLATE 3 Rowxo Bau Boer Laem (Secon Metiog)—Hete bs another say to make the four pare round trad ee lavng of one thong Sate asin Fig. 1 by pausing the hong tough le I from seat to front; ten ver the edge ote ea and eran th ogh hoe nthe net we, als shown in Fig 1, bring the warking eat the leftard forward through hole? fot the feast the ont In Fig. 2 the working cn is thown pasting over Ihe ele and trough bole fom rar to front. Upto the post the nero fend af the thong bas been pase ove it on Jars, However Fig. 2 the arrowiine tds how the wong eh iw the text ‘move pasts tothe rear over its om fart and Beneath the lop af {that part of the thong over hale ‘Blog he working ead of the thong forward dhroagh hole 8 shown in Fig 5. The Bd. wth ier end beneath the thong which {merges from ie 4 also shown in Fig 3 ‘Aller pasing the’ working end Beneath the thong at ole 4, ‘ary ie Over the edge, to the rear, and forward through hate & ig. 4), as I vertu own part and unde that pat othe thong Pas Beneath the eton ofthe dong which emerge roma ble ‘sshown by the fin Fig. Now thve the working end to the fear and fora through hole 7 Pas it ove is ont pa ad Under seein of the dng ain Fg fad then rough hole 5 to the Wontand soon antl the ih, ‘The sequence i slwaye ‘veroneundarone tthe orignal tunding nd fas bee et fy ican be worked forward to close up the braid atthe beginning {otlawing the overoncanderone sequen, Row Maa Foor Lacne (Tuan Mexno0)—By wing for thong all of diferent clot af two of one color and to of nother, you can obtain'a-multéane Dra aston In te Se ‘Teeces in Figs, 9,10, and 12 "Werk with two thongs a + tne, Tang the Gs pie trom let to ight co the end and then interweaving the ext pfs Remeber the averone underone sequence Pare 35—Round Braid Edge Lacing,PLATE 36 Uso Season Ence Lace mx ArAeaNa Pockets ANp Fans Fin, cat out the pocket patch marked A in Fig 1. Atoond she trees to be laced on, puch holes about inch tem the ‘sige and about 3/16 of an Inch apart. Lay the pocket pach oo {he pst to which it wl be fasened ted igert xf or oe pte Insfament into each hole, making a coreponding npeeion on te eather foundation, mated B Punch out these hoies a the imprensions on B. About 14 jnch ‘om this row of hole, punch the sane number of ote i he leather Beach opposite hole inthe inne uw. Atte cae the pockets dhe Holes wil be space wider apart tan tho pes, fier cicle—but there shold be at equal ier Of hose oe ‘od ane and outer cle ‘With slit cement around the elge of the under part, ax he pocket fa, being evel tat the holes i te fap ake dca ‘over thove on the leather beaeah. Tarn ack the fap at the sp ‘phehand corner and pas the thong (9/38 inch commercial eee ‘bag trough the fst laser halen the lextber B aod bad ‘hrough the eter hole (ig 1). Lay the ap corner back wee le more cement on it lo the ed of che lacing oo heb cri held fst and pas the ele taoogh the Bele fe aaa sd down through the arespondig hole i the Inthe ‘ate trough which the lacing was it Hse) and Up ag the second outer bole in B (ig 2) Shrng the working end shows with nese atached) down trough the Loop formad by the acing Keping I nine so he right (Fig 8) enw ‘Pas the nee down through the ‘eeond inner ole and ‘he outer third hole (Fg [Next bring i down through the loop formed between ihe eon sce, Ba own thou th mete, M8 ‘nd up through the outer ote, No, and spain down thro tn, Toop will be een by now tht this the Sma eh ‘Spanish edge Icing of one loop (Pat 30, Scageme Sus—To make the tong Tie sug on the lant and wager the ls a shown on he pil since Se Moscrtcaveoes Eoos Lacises—Fig, shows a ene thong spiral sx yhiplc! Hg 9, double ooehong spat Pig, dowd oe, ‘pial: Fig. 1, twoshong pin spiral Fig 1, onethong lernate apa Fg. 1, \woshongalerate sia: Fig. Tt, ont hong novelty pi ‘wih ery wide ting Fig 15, Veneln spiral "The later ade Posse So—Applications of Edge Lacing.PLATE 37 ‘Sess Tre Boots Govmne oF Ont Loor—This sar tp the Spanish gt lacing of one loop on once wats worked ‘the ime at ii. In the sanding eid af the hong ot Icing cut x smalls and iden it withthe fa Hold he Sete the et hand nth te Erne iowa you. Place the ning shown in ig Pe the ‘Working end, pointed eh of he acing rovgh eit sin Sed Dy the arene Fg do te eop ig the org ofthe bul ste ide ack tl foro te elo {Mebuekle Be ue it bel be center, asthe Lag beneath the meal pr of the tke frm the fron, eving igs shown ni! "The tvomtne Wig S Seles te pa ofthe cng the neat ep oes en Palo he dc as shown in Fig. 8, at ese asl bit or Joop a the paling pon The Ing aga poss ener he pelrpateretaieando tere "Bring the acing to te ont oer te mo pat ofthe bale ig which was Te place the Big 4) ander, be point of he Incing throgh th pre. Tiga ‘win ie 1ig'3 "Neve pas the lacog bent the mal part fea te ‘eos shown in Fig. 6 Bviog lard overt Sal and through the Uh aid te Bi in Pe ‘Consnvetts around te metal pro the cle The sequence fs shnays the same: The laiog ps fom the toe to tear ‘eat the metal ane then gor tng the clung op, Se ing om fon oe "eat fo Seep the tai on the outer edge ofthe buckle ‘Mork it rather dg o tae Khoi, Got keep te tems ees ‘Aer woking around the buckle and he bald ison he tee And ideo. bull ong tw Gg snd ce the ead ‘he leather oa, The sr nd ih te eid wl Be deg ten the boc anced he bel & : ‘Pua S7—Spanish ‘Type Buckle Covering of One Loop.PLATE 38 Seas Tyr Boosts Conmaine oF Two Loot —This simile tthe Spanish edge lacing af two loops hate 3) a care Si the sanding end of the lather thong ot lacing and place this en onthe fet side fhe Duele a thot in get Pa the eit of the lacing tough the andr rm Tg f and pas the facing beneath the meal arto the buckle Sd ‘ie original lbop and the tongue at to the ight ot the orien! oop and lt ofthe tongue Fig 2 ‘Bring the Ing to the font ow te bucleand over the rig. {nal loop showa in Fg. 5. Tighten ad push the cing go ‘he ongue ofthe Buel, bring sore he tog inthe enter “Agim as the launder the metal parm show in 8. Inset the id between this hat loop a the egal oop wae 46 tm loop ofthe lacing. This sep ery ibustated ie Fg 3. ‘Te lacing elon the course of bef agin ng the Lacing Go ‘he tom and under the metal part (Fg “The fel makes opening under the two loops e shown in Fig. 5, Be ste thatthe working en of the lag ates comes out ‘he reef erg of ts om loop. Thi how fa a Tollow thls ssquence aouad the metal part ofthe buckle unl ‘he righthand ide i rached. Each te brig ele vet fe from and under the metal prt sd then apni tothe front {nd under two loop. "This braid mst be fet sg om the metal so that i wil not stp, Don't worry about the comer. ‘The undrnethleops may ‘ovetap alight but te rt on tp wil be eve By thon werking chs brad backrards tca be Kepe tight al tes, Hower can te worked a5 nthe edge ga Toop et om eo righ “YB. 6 Prare 88—Spanih Type Buckle oveing of Two LoopsPLATE 99 Sewn Tr ate Conse oF —Timse Loor—Thie is similar wo the Sed Icng of thee ops, capt eat fs weed akc the Pci te fot towardy-rou and place the thong 4 shown in Fig. the tongue or pin othe bake i morals Be gre da eB hdc Btn he broiling is nt Pas te workin though the buckley ning Howard the ‘tongue and to tego the aang pats In Fig 2 ‘Base throughs mond time, abo ie: -ning it the righ of ‘oth Tope ow man he meta het of he Buckle, s nde 1 the aw ines and shows igs. 3 Bring it dow nd trl amps ehh the buckle the Ah the now aig t toward HE a ete in Fig 3 indown ing ope eB someting le got ates a he lope mu ot be {00 deh"A the eompare your Bgzaing wh Figo fre ll the loops ese ight place ‘The neat sep aren tied Im thr Ce diferent way. Fit, fn Fig. 4.4 thom ty the amoung, Nese In ip 5, Tc hae been ‘ow by nrg the portion taught thong ‘pases Fig 6 le dong as ps though this place, {hie ots thong eneget onthe tp “The thong donna n this inane, (P afound the metal ar of te uch Sines dow fn ort Incline tothe Hight ind pave beneath ee chong. ‘nthe net wep nash the egnning ofthe cond age of {he ait bing de bg down tte rom, past though the Duele an town’ dena! art oicted bythe astortine Fg Gand shown nrg? ‘Asin the di emet beneath two hong and under the Joop hich make ieetg ig) athe woriy are he hay bck 16 the Got, over dhe ‘tal pat the bk them down toward he right ad erg the couse flowery be el, ner the the tho and Be lore, over he mei ‘Conte this wf icing i completely around the buckle ge othe sie oft angue opposite we tating pin, This ‘ald wit ake ana bey of sm vdinay buckle Late $9—Spunish Type Buckle Covering of Tree LopsPLATE 40 Surr Lax Hentz Covanne oF Ons Twone—Cot a pece ‘leather the length of the handle to be covered ‘The supposed Bundle is shown in Big 2 a the eoresponding pec of ether in Pig. ‘Then wrap the lester srund the hale and cate thatthe cc eat leet ‘Now ale the leather bo tha it sve into ve sections, AB 6 Drand Eig.) The leather may best ino more or los {han ve scion deste so lang 2s te teal ea even hu ‘er or example! ther or even setons “Te thong (ig should be the tame width athe width of eachuetion “Ln the leather around the top ofthe core as show in Fig, & Injr the end ofthe thong unde the ig and edge of he eater ‘with ome cement on bath sds 50 that wil Bod to both the Teather aod the handle ebro thin this par 10 wll not ‘alge oul the eather ‘Bring the ong to the et oer the frst section, which iE, Fig 4; then under the nent, which hszetion D Pig 3); ovr the next {ot ahowa inthe diagram, Dut which selon Ged ver rnd under E (ig 8) Contin this aersatve weave of vet ep working the dong up sug but lo Sep the lester pull own. Go tound sid afound ui the dong wil pu rough the lc lt witout pinching the lester. Conceal the wrk ed Ink lenther covering ae lsh down the botom. “This giv a verde pier and Nery efecive wth contra eather and hong (7) "To obtain a spiral pat ct the leather covering a explained bore. "Thin example shows lit, viding the lesb seven Sections (Fg 6) ‘The thong should be onc hal he wth of ech Section Sata beloe bt go ovr two tesons (C9) Un us der ewo secon, and then oer two (ig ‘Keep wp thi Soquece of over wo, eo, Un the Bottom ia eached The cfs in shown in Pig. ‘The boom and top of Os eeting may be concaed with ‘Tur's Heads or woven nous explained ater i the book under ‘Turks Heads and Spunk Roos, Dgtning wi Pte ‘Pare 40—Sit Lather Covering of One Thong.PLATE 41 Seas Hrcnmo—For the sake of cary fn the dstaton 2 minimum of thong fas teense end lage spa lel beeen ‘hem than actully necenery So the working ots ba ‘Space the thongs ard the crcumferene tthe han vo that 1 space i Tele between each one equal tothe with a the thong, that yA tach thonge are wed leave pace between hem vend Take a longer thong, which i designated 3 thong X in Fig. Stone nd tone it nd the tp, ts nding on the oie ‘hong a shown in Fg ‘Pau the thon X around the cote ina counter oes ection. ‘Bring thong Na 2 ovr thong X and then under the It off wn par shown in Fig Tong No. i trowght over and then {oder and'o its lteRefee ths operation wih thongs # an “On och frm ofthe le thon ihten up the bad by pal toe ater tongs and Veep te work sng. Ain el ridings ee ‘tent poll must be wid to keep the bid even. ‘Continuation of the work i bown in Fig and ia Fig. 4 9 dleater ey to the braiding proce. When the handle compet} fevered lad down the working ens of the hong. ot op and ‘otom willbe covered with Turks Heads or Spun knot, dee tale ater. The fied aids shown is Big. ‘oZaa Brain—This brad is worked in dhe opposite way from the above bra Baton the sme pracple. Piss rap te longer ‘tong around the handle from top to botom ia» prt fehon, It Should pot be too tight and tis well to adewosp the thong ‘orooghly before windog le afound the ere "Werk down wid one thoog se time a shown in Fig 6. The pater can be vated by working the hiteh either to IE right er {othe let Use diferent colored thongs i dest Puare 4l—Spanish Hitching snd Zig Zag BisPLATE 42 Mosse Tore Beai-—This is similar to he st leather cover ing with one thong shown in late 40, but it worked With Inde Dent thoogy which wil enable ooe to rary the coo of he thongs te fora varios chromate patra athe Uustalons spacer have been left Detwsen the thongs ich are lhe tothe coe. inte seal york howene se thonld be close ageher. Thay if the rcumferene i one and feeighth inchs, nine fc thong wll be nese An unenen ‘umber alas seguir “The lnger thong. wich woond around the cor, sould be the sume wid a tone Inshed tothe cael Se paw the end ‘Group and tighten ft over and around the ote hong ain Fig Working counterclockwise, pts the long thong onder thong 1 aod over torg fen ue fad ane athe se sro Wen ite to thong’ Ips the long thong ove, and a hong ps A Sil effect may be obtained by ptsng under we thongs and cover two thongs. Honszoas Baaso—This it sina to Span tcing exept that tis worked orzo. The thongs in sce tite are Tae about the ie, ad the long dong i phen tthe op of the handle Ps he Tong thong Beneath thongs and 3 rng tack ond thong 3 and then eer 8 sed? ig “Thi ite sequence Unde wo, ovr anew two, ofr one. When back to the saring point ie wil be ated thatthe ong thong pases under 4 and, er 8 and under ad 2 he Tone Inet he ee ig 6 a enlarge ofthe way the brid worked In 1.1 sown how endo ing wher oo ne Jo Bs over wo and Unde one. Hrvomnc—This Is dane ently with one thong. Pass the thong around she cve and over fu own end arn Pg before the Inching begins. Pas the thong ovr the part around the crs, be hind and then over is oma pre. In the tations thi ra sppeat Tone, bt in the stat working h should be hee tg (aca ae iF il Pare 42--Motic Typo—Hovinontal Braid—HitehingPLATE 43 Four Tuone Twse Bear Covrtine-—This well a similar ‘aids shown in Plats 22 sd 3 can be wel for andle covering. ‘When working with a cor, or brat, usualy si thong are eo reese. loved but forthe purpoe of simplifing he techngu, four ‘Sons are used én he sstaton. “The sum of the wth ofthe thongs shauld eal the cecum: ference ote hale tobe covered. ‘Tht i the handle menses ‘one inc around, each thong should be i te “Lash he hong es side ut, othe btm ofthe handle, ‘ow in Fig. ln The fst tp the same a the qr ba fn Plate 22. ring thong 1 up iinet the right (Pg The ‘vat of ale sie i now wppermost The arrowlite In ig. 2 Indicates he couse of tong £ ‘Being thong 2 up under sod then over thorg 1 ig. 8) Beg ‘tong 8 up and one thong in the sme Lahn, ar eat oy the arow line in Fig 3, the ner te, Bring thong 4 yp and over hong 8 and hen ‘as i tog ight or logpof thong Iu This indeed by the arowne in Fig 4 and shown in Fig’. Work the braid down ‘stg in fac nthe hy a shown in Fg whi ew eng ‘yn onde bra rom the op. CCootsue now im the samt dteton, et counter cock ad as each thong over the one to its ight I over 22 over 8, and $a When thong freind an heen ought oe ong 3 5 goes down tough the bight or loop. of thong lowever a shown ln Fig. each thong ffi or given a ‘al arn att base so the smooth ite sway fe ppermont Care boule taken tha swans close at pst thee sd ‘each secon tihtened be sere thatthe noo side out hie ‘ithe purpose of the twit. In some eves wil be necuy to wit our in readjtng hs tin ater tightening “The colors of the thongs may Be vari When the wits bave sll been evened up roll and brad gently under Your foot to amet Puare $8—Four‘Thong Twist Braid Covering.PLATE 4 ‘SxeTuoxo Murmpus Bhalo—In this ype of braid both ends are ined and need not be covered. Tt poplin covering 2 fore with vid crewnterencs wy the pote of fist paling be ‘hogs mast psnble wo eompenst for bulges td epeton. SE thongs arene Their ttl wid shoeld be the tne 3 the circumference of the coe, although this i ot abeaatly tees. “Lath the thong wo the botom ofthe cre, 38 shows in Fig. 1, ith ets sie out ring thong | up and over the ating ind Spiral around the core a own fo Big then thong 2 kepng IP Stay along the underside of 1 (Fg). tinue t pia he other hoop oot side os, unl they areal athe top and ve lgeer shows in Fg Eh het he top nth potion ‘Aco hoot formed with the sx thongs as shown in Fig. 5 For imtanc, thong 1 toed downward, Wind smooth side fut. Pas thong 6 beneath thong 1r'5 beneath 6; 4 beneath 3 8 Bath and beneath 8. ‘Bogin the over and under sequence, bring down at = cor responding ange of the spiel thongs. Psy ene 00s, der one (Fig 6), or over to under wo (ig 7) In fac cca be vid ih the over and unde sequcne (0 wit being sree wee one thong gos over to ad tinder two tht ote five aso go ever two {nde wo, In thease he sequence ared 0 tat fat der one over ane and then ove two, wader two CP. 7p Te toutom it Snshed of inthe neroneonderone sequen (Fig 8). “Tack the ends ot oight Puare Sie Thong Multiple BraidPLATE 45 Mounrur Bea Tor ano Core Covennc—This braid may be het around a core, dhe tal width of tne thongs should be equal to the tewmerence othe cove. I tie braid shteen thongs afew. 'The meatrement sound the sire 1 two inchey, therefore, each thong i inch wie ‘Take every oder thong atin ig. 9 even mbes ave been taken) and pas each upward Ie is Best, Se ahown Fig te the fst ore to It night, which i thong 13, and sider the next ‘ne, whieh Is thong Il. Contiage aroun, aiding each of the thors over one tad under one. "Then stat back with thong clin tse dongs i the upper group a an ange to the ight, ‘earvponding tothe angle tthe Hit of thoe which are sped ‘round the coe. Work te braid yp cartullyghtening the ange Ul ey ae aug Remove the upper binding.PLATE 48 Bua Park Tuws H0—~The soalled Tuk’ Hed, vile serving a praca purpose in lester braiding, should be Sone more sah bait foundation forthe bea Spanish ‘woven knots “The Turks Head has ong been one ofthe ot pusing of knots {or he atatur. Observing the fae hoy emt ain posible wo follow the couse ofthe thon ‘Bovey the Turks Head i sine. 1 in every rpct ome mevical ompetely around is eieumletencs, sts Ihe ae fat ‘aids amphichiral they Saving the ight and let sider aie ‘in figure or pate and dimensiones It presets the sine spp nce at any point nnd inthe true TusNs Head the worn cod ‘ofthe thong nay comes fact the exact stag pois she ‘ne place a he tancing end wen the Hao cog ‘The Turk’ Heed might be dened a an endian or wreath ‘of any ane of the fat rae "To demonstste the snamny of 8 ‘Tuik4 Head the sinplet of the Gat braids hs Son td thet Gale ai braid of ee thongs (Pat “Take a strip of writing pape othe se shown In ig 1, Cat it fn thre salir sip ving the ncn atthe tp dod shown by che dated nes in i. 1 ‘Now brad thee thee sie into a treepart hair bral tn doings, remember the lw governing Turks Heads: No-Torks ‘ead may have the ame numberof igh, or otter Inps (i 2) {1c bs hmber of thongs arom, they ae ere pte Nok {Guia Tork Hea have 8 umber of ih ands mmber of pars ‘hich have common divisor Yor rampe this Tuy Hea i composed of three parts There fore cannot have thre bight nora, nine, tev, Dor any unter dinible by vee, This aw appl to a Turks Heat, ‘rample with four bight When the esate pte tothe net portion ofthe paper shown in Big ttc pt form One bight ‘The ether the se platy sown afte fae ing down the ends, cut the cased portion, andthe Turks Head ‘evens ilf as an cdc wren of tee parts and fous bight ie. “To demomrate, place this paper Turks Head over something ound and follow aru with & thong ntl the woking ed comes Inch to the standing end "Tear of the paper ‘Tutks Head andthe Teather one rai (Fg 6 an). ‘Ako, sre thongs may te braided and ed together a shown in ig 6.9 tT heh ot na Ta Head tee prt and Rie bight Similar” experimemation i posible wit cher ise bra Pare 46-Bralded Paper Turks Head,PLATE «7 Testun Fre nae Tis HT pl scone ren a a Tas oe le Socal part yee Reon seh st eons a aeea a PO peated pe ier acinar mei ot ncaa itera 8 oe ot oe nO Reteets Wratten rtm sony sow ia ea a es to yea wee area ne ah ee Tested Bethearacee fut Bots aged oe Boon derbies pa oe ite eae rane ean ds Sea a i mone ain an oa Mure) aot am Ene, a aa, ws aa Toa sin et Bae et kt pi pete alg eer nl icaiecin rcery agen, eget ee yeni aes eee a hal pata tas dea Soh ese cr pe ton tery ia RIL esac ne ar hele Ti etd ee oe ey EP a ia ee ince te te Sc ak “Seem tee i ih Ganda a hee tae pln oan mtr ee ed ac hats i de aren ie wi pce Shree ay ah ae Sree: ema eee Te el eT oe, een eet eee ee ioe nati a tea Squysrine arsesPLATE 48 rasta fob THe nl GP ee a ae tl me Dejpet fie ae a ee vs alas geet toss tt eg Os arcane hy en it inna al tg yi ee ‘Seca goat Ragin oe Since hee nanns eas detec te mace te enn i pea et arte tem Sanchar coe oe tases ep st lla a Te ee wt pe {© the standing part, has passed under one in section 4, over one Sonu tal re re srraraaat ta te eee Eipabeseiee bene tina So ts nt under the loop indicated by the arrow-line in Fig. 4 on PS aero 1 SUsies a bana eet envied Ear tte Sse Sip Wha tema faruancaa seh a gu ements ‘one throughout, in other wordy, och the setts Sirph Tanghanets Garey « toms iguen th bhuld iar dtehates ine nt np eg ot coer lt rl fare shown by the awe tn Fig Bile ane eee eet dy ras Pega see ‘simarkr tin tenn at ary rye hea Souls ig taearnen ar caren! SeSveaite ch teases eee pn met crattartsenenae hs rare 48FlvePat FourBight Tues Head,om Bioer Tenw's Heso—The teary lehind thir metho le ant the more aye pou eam wo tie «Turks Head he beter. When completed by tis ‘rocedare, it may veedly he obveved that each ving intl in Ei underoneoveronesequence, fake «comparatively long thong in reaion ta the Sal knot bine, co tie the Turks Head by this method wo be ware to ep ‘he ‘Kinks out of the thong amd wee thatthe hair side ie alae “ppermen ‘art by laying the working end of the thong on a at sutace and aking 3 lop ins showin Pigs Te ex Lop ne Sein ths gore by the sr ie. 1h Fig- 8 tho second oop han been made ad the aro line ind <9 the third ep The Ler X indie in cc case heen ‘ihe knot and whee te mand wil bel the Ee sued bye ‘revit meta in Pate In Fig.) the thd sep has been exeated and the arowtine soos be final pase of sing ths skate ney wh aly Fess thease of» labyrinth. Attention shouldbe ied ere {She pth spoken of inthe text fr Mate 8 Ik more cey ‘own ete tho, by ping the thong long ie ato occ of the knot comple Ta Pig. {the working End Bas Been brought up alongside the standing end and the hit comple, A tandedl is eed at {he poite marked X and he fu haoe i caeflly worked dvs to cline shape by tightening along the tows chowa on the gam pt lr mang sot gen a ig Fo lo the previa director for aking this at bythe el pont ptr rood Lore 4&—Labyeinh Method of Mating Five Pare, Fou Bight Turks Head.PLATE 50 FounPaxr Times-Dus Tun’sHao—Start his Tw’ Head withthe mandrel tured 0 that scons 1 and 4 we towed You, hsm appear “ay the thong ot he mandrel vo hat Into are of stoma 1 and £Snd Ge working cad clined toward the igh (ig Ty Pas the thong arowl the mandrel nclining Itt th Tk so shown in Fig 2 The srowsne Ines the met move fa whi {he chong is pamedbencoh wo ofits prin te sions 1 od ep th loop of the hong eee othe right atthe nee of seta amd 4, although the working ends alr poming der {Ke second fi par ncn othe ele afi he tha he hg at denen i eo pars withthe lop inlined to the right. The sow ne toi {he Beginning ofthe tl epee important itertechng sep Fig show this Bat oteloclng stp ‘The thong har pane vero and under one in scons and ‘nig 5 the mandrel has boca turned toward you in « dock wie decon so thatthe bck of the tno 8 vnble. Here another Inteocking pth of overonesnerone wayne, Ta fig. the working nd has been brought up songie dhe solningend aud te Tis Head complete Tighten te Boot bret rts, begining she singed and coe ig 7 i + diagram pattern of the fourpartthresbight Turks ‘ead, Fellow previous directions, usve 50—FourPare ThreeBight Turk’ Head,PLATE 51 Suoie Kxor om FiPanr Two Bicur Tens Hiao—Thi is a relatively simple Bue very ssiortant Tork Hen It the hey {o jome ofthe more Intricate Span Knot Tn tl i isn able koe becuse i cam be made over smal Sameer hanks to i two bight and yet is wide becuse of is ve pars. Cowboje Aoubte and tiple the hao! to increase width ‘Begin withthe mandrel warned wo tat erions Lad fae you, Lay the Kandlng part of te knot over the mandrel coveting tse tmp eto he ering eo the or ni te “Tuva the thong tie around the mandrel tin Fig. 2 sia Aeowarde te ete aad Ps the dong underneath the mandrel and othe rot and dhe olde right and over the two sla ated by the srowline {a Fig 2 abd thor ps ie nade the lop at ety of scton Fig 3 shows this ep completed aod ndincs ie nest sep by the arrowtine Dring the thong down i he ear sid up the front between the to sptaed thong Here, by gong over ove sd under ong, he nlocking oe © accomplished, "The previoly Indicwted step lee Fig. 4 and he arrowlie idles the Roa tp. Being the thong wo the exrtoe ie over ove ofits parts om he ff and back upc the one on ‘ide the wanding pat “This completa the knot, unlew it ie dvr to double i, in which cis, canine atin Fig. Stare slong the right side ofthe Standing pare and foiow wath the thong, ating der hen ‘ass under dover when it pats over” fa lite wondes whee there was eriginally one thong there il now he two To pe ‘usin the same way once more, ollowing the two parle thongs "Enlarging Turk's Heads by doubling ira common practice, aa 4 rope work, actully benutes the knot But in feats work 4 i gulte ubsasactry, bectuse the Hat thong overlap a the ‘ures giving the work an ubbnisbed snd uncouth appetancs, ‘When one becomes completely fair withthe Turk’ lad Knot in ally phases he wil tealne Ua there ae Torts Hes well ‘Spanish Knots, that ca eover any sunace, without the ightet ect for doubling oe pling “A dgyam pattern forthe ding knot given in Fig. 7 » Pate 51—Slding Knot or Fv Pat Two Bight Turks Head.PLATE 32 FivePane Twas Bier Tun’s Hean—Thi Toss Head wi sume almost sphere form when tied and i heretore, va ale a the covering or the andle end of cane, guts and such ‘White it spo fll to the ceunference ofthe cre, ie ko ea be led over the top by iru oft chee bight. ‘old the mandrel so that selon 1 aid 4 are toward you, with section T uppennor. Lay the working end of thong 10 tht ie tthin the sten of section 4 and and indined te the right shown in Fig Tn the nek sep bring it wedrneah toward the left and pas it ‘pletely around dhe mandrel agun, the pare i iron nine 10 te Fight, andthe part in he back tothe fl, m shown fn Fig. 2 Tt now pases over tee of own party, the to in section 4 ad | fd th eer In the rear, wishow pating unde 20}. Incline the thong late Let of de of he ang 6 shome n fig Pasi upward aa oe two on ow fart 1 the lel {he sanding part and tinder the mandig part at the top ofthe ‘Bandel Thi ndiated bythe atone in Pg. ig. stows the mandrel (red 30 that section and 3 views isaing the fed operation. snd then the mandrel turned back so that sins 1 a # tet You, feveaing the oot tthe working end ofthe thong. A path es open alone sero. Ine in Fig. which, when fliowel bythe ong wi iri the pans to the ove-oncunderoneevehone seutice Be eccoed ig. With the mandrel agin earned to scion: 2 and the end of ‘his tren pas wil be sen. Pas the thong ude One of ing i around wadermenh one ove hog fd alongside and to ohe righ of the sanding etd (Py The Stel oo town fn Fa. "This hot com be followed around agin to double and sill gun io ile tw town ‘Thee ar ter on via ie ros, bt for hon who preter the conuon pres sl serve Ivhcn doubled or tpl em cells pombe to keep the thongs Irom overaping tn doubling sx =e Pare 52—FitePart Three Bight Tank's Head.PLATE 38 SucPanr FiveBiorr Temes Heap Risic rnos 4 Foun Pare ‘TwueBeer Tusk’ Hesb—Ihe fourpart, thecbght Tens Head shown in Plate 50 isthe foundaton upon why may be woven the lnger kaos of even par It can te raed tothe Sa pare Sebight Tuts Heed and the slcpartsfrebight cn be set wo the eight part, even ight Turks Head and soon "The key gov in thin pate Fig aows the four. eee bight Ths fed et mein othe prev tons The numeral onthe thong indicia pegrenive onder the cui of the working end frm the tet 1 he nh Tint, pce the working ea of the thong alse and to che right ofthe sing part (Fig I), slowing i to allow the ht ofthe sanding pare the op of he manila nicted by ee Strowline i og 1 "Now tirn the tandsel a indicated by the curved arowline ia ig I; so that satin 3 and? ae toward you shown fn Pig. ‘The thong wacked wih the sgunce umber Ste st 7 ‘he working end, marked with 6, pases benesth and tt Tost it Feo indieated by the sowtine jo Fig. Leme a sal igh in the working end where Ie pais under he sanding pare. "Turn the mandeel back 1 the font so seston 1 and 4 are in view (Fig. 8. "The atowline indicates the intelaking Fa in ‘which the procedure i over one thong aid wader ane. "Taraing the mandrel again, so tat sections ® and 1 are ward you (Fig, continue along this interlocking path pating over one 4nd under one. This ter pas indicated by the atowline Fig shows the path of the working end beneth the bight which islet in Fg. 2 where the working eod pose under the sanding at ‘Continue to urn the mandel wo that sections § and ® are in vow interlocking path i indeated by the arrow line i ig 5. 'Pass over one, under one, over oe ander one eal time locking the other parts of th thoags wo dei sequence lsat over one, under one “Turn the mandrel back to show sins Land 4 and bring the working end alongside and to the right ofthe wanding end Pi. 5). "The completed knot shova ia Fig. 7A eigrats pier tovided in Fig 8. To rabe the at par to the eghpat, alow sly the ame procure Puare 5tSic Pare Fiveight Tur’ Heal Raised rom a FourPare Tyee ight Pik HeadPLATE 5 SumePaar Soetone Tous Meso Rasta ose 4 FE Pane Fount ‘Tom’ Heao—Begin withthe Erepat, four bight ‘Turks Mead shown in Plate $8: Neues is Hg thatthe ene of the sanding puts neabered 1a te working end numbered {6 The ate the progesive mums denoting ech move i ash ing he otgiual Knot They wil be coined the kt PO renee "The working end is slog and o the right of the standing pare Fig. Ihe working end follows the cure of the ang Dat, ping along o the nigh unl the tp of the haot ence Ee ladieted in he srr in Fg In Fig 2 he andre has ben tures ust the rear en ie, ‘Tals stein of the standing pare nerd 2 andthe working panes over f (ut under the woe thong i pes wae) and oes down tT ide Fig. lndiester tia pow ad in Pigs 3 henew ep shown "The werking end ie now back songtide the end of dhe sanding part (ig, Tis thne do not follow the path ofthe weanding pat, bt whee igs under pass the working end oer and where egocs oorpas the working end andr "The ft wp ie inhated inthe aowne in Fig. ‘Ths shows te oteriocking pth which ealy be alowed complete sound the not "Turning the mandrel agains that the ter thon, the rowing Jin Fig 5 tinue to follow ti nterocKing patty tat ee ‘one, Over one, under one, over one, under on and vee ote atthe item lt In Fig 6, dhe working end is back a te stat and tis te the ‘ot is ned hen the working end is Erought alone the Sanding par a Indested bythe aro “Tighten the koot by drawing on the ong from the wat and, following the sequence lm which was made, pull up the sack tun dhe poe shown in Fg Gis again reached 1 maybe neresary to go aro several te to gett comple ght Ket» Ile ‘iment where the sanding pert and werking part toch beneath "he ter portions of the thang ct the ens of Sash and tek in “Fo inrase the sevenpat tthe nine pat follow the sume po: zd that was ue to increase the ve part tothe even prt. it ‘Tuas Head can be mae large a dred cach Ue els aed Increases i by to bights and wo part "To make the sevenpary,siebight Turks Head follow the da. ‘gam putera ia Bige 2 Plane 54—Seven Part Sic ight Tar’ Head Raed loa @ "Fee art Four ight Turk Heat“Two.iont Tunes His of avy LiNcr—By the (owing ethod you can she x Forks Head say lengih yon wit The umber of tines the Wong ie wrapped about the mandrel in she Urging isthe determining faa, Wien the hang i brought tick toward the stare pone, the mir of tne touche he thong fst wrapped sound wil determine te mumbo seins of the Knot Ili echer wie, twill be x twoueeton hot, Ace time, = tresses Loot ete as the ong sound he mana chee tes owed the ight (ig. 1) The mall mornbers on the thong ll dicate pe The arowtine in Fg. shows the wcond pas, which i secy compet n ig 2 Nowe go around for the rd tine the ee ‘don indcsed by the arrow line ia ig 2 a shown ia gs 8. Up to this pia the working end of te thang alvay pases oer each os pas, ‘Nett ps the working end beneath the outer pat of the thong ‘marked with the aumeal 8 (Fig. 9). Ts the beginning of the Interlocking pa Close sud) wil revel hs pa speed ound the mandrel, where one thong pases over to the ext under to bathe next ver oes aoe - "To lock these dns pa over the thong hid He one under ‘the thong will i ender tor at shown in Fig. Gor tinue in Fig 3, following the sme pacer over ote under ne, ver ong, under one" Having cached the extreme fefthand side (Fig 0), ps over the ‘tong there, then under one and Gnally vet one. "The working fc sow comes alongie the wading end (Fg?) and he brat ‘Scomplee (ig 8 ‘This knot i sometimes doubled ad not infrequently tripled. Tos to thi, stat following the Sanding part around and round, beep ing on the tame nde of ll the me ae pasing oer wae acs oer aid under where pases wnder. ‘This doubled knoe i hewn in Fig 8. To ple go around and around aga ‘ashen 7 1h agra patter given fe Bg 10 for making the single kot. Pear ST wo Bight Turks Head of Any Length,PLATE 86 Lone Time-Biser Toass Heao—This knot i sina to the one in Plate 35, except tat it han sre nme of vo gh, Wid, luce bighs i cn be wed around» core of larger cements ‘Remeber the rater the numberof bight gem deter the hao wil Was ibe reaon wif Tans Heady se made tn varied umber of bight "Wrap the thong oud the mandrel twice and then bring i back aver i own top mt te rights toward the etude ea ing par now in Fig Srate another tum ovr the saning part and around the mar del and bring he thong up along eating pat to the ight fide. Te paed to he ght Set gos under own part In he tenia the mance (ig 8 “Continue toward the ght wit the working cc pat over the ‘outer lop and then back to the trontand over fsa loop apn Std alo oer the next thong ainda by the aowlie tr Fig 3. ‘Now pus the working end beneath the next two tongs ss cated by the sowie In Fg and shown in Fig. In Fig 6 the working exd pas ove te sang pare and the extreme outer Ie Toop, Inet by the sonia in Fp. fd trough to the one thi tin othe let orton of he std {ng pert. Tt gus over two thong and ner two th, nde Uy he srnline in Pig 7. nF 8 panes ovr the next to long and undar the outer oop tthe gh os ndatol bythe tmrowne Now the inteoeking path can be seen, where the woking end wil segs under the Ste loop over the next hong, under the That ve the ext ad under the next ping toward the lit of ou. "This path ie ndiatd by the arowlin In Fig 9. Contine locking te tong, over one, under one, over on al ue the get op th st ri Bg te wang ave he tune the thong longi the standing nd ad hoe Snes ‘eiagtam par is given in Fig. 1, Pare 56—Long The ighs Turks leadPLATE 57 ‘Wort Rese Kuor or Ove Pass—This knot has at found tion the threat, fv bight Ts Head shown te Plate ff. Tt Wil be te fs eximple of how Tark't Head selon sed ie wes In the drawings the shelton knot, the theepart,Svebight ‘Tush Hed dhown shad ao che cous ofthe braid ean mere ces be followed. the Gnished threeparefvelght Tavs Head of Plate 47 the working end i Brought up alone wl vo the "ght ofthe sanding end a ths knot the working en ie withdeawn and posed over the standing end and up under one tong othe ee pa the stan fngend Gig.) in ig. 2the mandrel hasbeen true ighty to show the top, and now the working end pases over two thong ante one Sand alongide the right af the sanding pare One of the tongs Dine over isthe right and outer lop of the sanding pat ‘In Fig. 9 the manrel bas again been wrned, th tie to show the bottom, and again the working end pasts over no thongs (Ove ofthese thongs i se sano part td thi pss brings the ‘working end co the lefchand side of fhe standing pares a pases Se i alae he on ne a ‘The made sme ack os erigal postion. Fem tm i en eto, ro, The i shown in Fig sping the parle thongs raed In te tpt ‘shen she woking end went up aloogude the let of the sending Batt "The working end of the hong follows chs path opened Bf the "Tn Fig. 5 she opens the path tm dhe other side ‘The working nd pates over sv and under two (under the ame two beneath ‘which the pata ‘The nest sp (Fg 0) show the Rl openiag {path the right The hws this coursed ig i brought up alonguide mad tothe right the sang part fi the not Gnbed (ig 8 "A agram pater given ta Fig 9.Won Rive Khor of Tamar Pasts—Surt with the woven ring knot of one pas shown in Pate 6). This hoot a shown on the mandrel in Fig Ie The sanding en desigoated as Aan the ‘working end a ‘With the working end flow the path ofthe sanding prt, rater how tne working ere rough ‘othe sanding end sanding pace "in Fig 4, where the working end and standing part are paral, the id as pased between tem, separating the, tue providing 4 ‘our fr the waking end, Be "The sequence ros tow on for the working el wil be ver thee thongs and under tive thong, each tine separating wo parle TFSi te ft beneath thee thongs and split the parallel thongs, tht rom the ean sie, ning at opening hugh Wie owning he Fgh side, pasing the fd bee Pall one a sown in Fig gl ths sper Pare 58—Woven Ring Knot of Three PasesPLATE 59 ‘csvoto Kor oF Ont Pai—The Gate Koa of One Foss ss snr anne part eight Turks Head Bot int ‘ance baled fate tin to al ‘ie & mandrel with esther allar shown Tig 1, hie oa fie ote gicho oo ofl, eds cae ‘ide ton te ener colar tthe ego pat one ene {nwa he too verte a de: When the Let fed fp seta and col of he manila he oth eo th ‘olareitsiaconer th mace “he mana neat he tp v0 mt nde when ic tas tea tuto Stare by lag the tong sound the mee {cod cla) tu showin ig Ps the hong aan te eat ctver the bop tae telging othe om we pes Uderone andor one (9. Rov proce a aos Rear! Undone ver ome. (fig. 3), Ton: Ont one, under oper nt (ge fat 3) eke Over on ke ee ve one 9. runt Under ne ovr oe ander one, ove one (own ty ing, Ren: Under oe ovr onus nov oe a yang Frnt Ove on under on, over one wer one, ont nt (hows by Hd in fig) Ren: Gre oe wer oe, eer ee Seine oer oe iow y 98 Fe Frontier ane er opener oe ve one onder ot cove one (hon by fa Fi) Rear” Une gh ne {de oe ave on wader on tron hows y Bini. 13, ont Over one unr ane oer on nde oor eno der one ont on finned Ba i 13 Rear’ (The wk ‘Sow moving sound the ea ad nae pacaly one) Ont ‘mr undone On one, Ue on, ever Uo nde on ore om et Tron Under one, ovr one, er nt, ont one, nde oe cover oe under one, ovr on i 1). in the net nove tn worn Cl come up soup ke sand ing at and he Knot complied (ig) sal be ander ‘ls howe, tat the wring cd te sttdig end seve {Sc etre and at any of se plo tee wold ave het cole knoe Taig 10 diagram pater for mating this oo ey are Rafe Pare !9-Gaueho Knot of Ove Pas.PLATE 60 Gavan Ksor oF Two Passs—Made over the same ‘ype of lene collar as shown on the mandrels colar which cam be ff with che Knotts knot provid a exclentnecker- ‘diet lide. Ifthe knot so be sowie air o moot side of tara po fg rns if lr So oi Star the bai by pain beoeih the nding part, A, and over sn ent wo tng (Fg, Do the sme the ei. ‘Now posed als we wr cy uner oy over to (Fig 9). Fronts Over 0, der ton one two Fig 10), Rest: Ove tro Under wo, One ‘front Under oe, ve wo under vo, and ont Cg 1) der one, ovr wo, wer tw sad over two Ci. 8). the same sequence of overtwo- undetiwo by continuing sound fom Fig Ts asng unde toy ‘ove onder two ad over then oe nts ve one tnd 4 larger number 9 continue alow the sequence i Fig. 1, which in this eae would te over tw, under wo, over m0, lander ew 3 ‘Keep on as Ia Hg 1,12 15,1 and 1 nul the larger kot ii "A iagram pattern (Fig 17) shows how to make the Gt kat. Pram 60—Gaucho Root of Two Pane,PLATE 61 Gaccuo Kaor or Taxes Pases—Two plats are neces 2 ausrate adequately the manner of maling this bean Me ‘So, upon completing the work demonrtel on this plate, (6 continue with Phe 614. Use am ext long thong and work cat fal “This hao is worked on leather colar x weve the evo previous ‘net in dhe other cans, th collar ean be tured 9th ond tide is inert, andthe nr wd e's echerciet ses The ot may ao be wed lie Know on anger bre eas, ee ‘ot only to hold thes gee, but to adjst tt to ore longer Heng and for derive purpcs ‘Begin sn Fig by wrapping te thong around the manda (oncotin thee times says pang ver ech pt af the thong "in Fig. # make another turm, pang ovr the nee thongs the front and the ent as bore (Fg shows the back ofthe bet, ‘We shll daignae tat pare where the working en panes dows ward at dhe “ron” and the opposite sde of te mune where the working end pases upward atthe "Wea “Hie the, the sequence: Frome! Pas the wes ing end under the frst thong, whieh i he standing par, und’ following the coute of the d's swe) the Sequence wil be under on, over tree ip. Tere Under one, over three. (Fi. 8). romt; Unde tro, over three (2 3) Rear: Under two, over duce. Fellow the cure ofthe fin Feo Front: Under cre, over eee (Fig. 7) (This st move after psig under zee complete sll Kooy at be working end now ‘eet the standing end Bat continue to take the kot eps) ‘Rear: Under thre, ovr ee." (Follow he coure of the fd ka Fg) Tron Over one, under thre, over ehite (Fig, 9) [Rear Over one under thes over thee (alo the Bin Fi, “Contiowe this sequence onthe next pit Puare 61—Gaucho Knot of Thice PassesDovats Onucno KAor oF Two Pasts—In the wo ight knot ‘tan length (Pate 9) the mun of eromings te thon nade on lis veeond pass indicted the mutber of sections ofthe tot It ‘toned wie Ie formed twoneton knot te thn hee ‘Seton Rot and w 0 "The time rule abe hoide i this knot. Ie bs « ewosetion or double not having an ovetewosunderteo sequen the stat the omeseton gaucho Knot of vo pass (Mat hi. ican be ‘ade In three section, or four snctny ty by ening, othe ‘omnd move three thong, four thong ot any Se dese Te wil be accsary to demontat his knot it plate othe ‘otk ill comtinae on Pte ‘Stare shin Fig 1, by woapping che thong around one and one- Ialf-tines and Bringing etch ping the working sd oer hs cen art ewe. Do this one oe av insted i Fige 920 ‘Sever ping dey, but sways oer each thong. Go Sound one ‘hore, tcinng to te ight atin Fig and hen pw ser ove ‘hong and over wo ain Fig Thiis the gong ofthe Th the satan of the kot on the fet ietsed fo pps gun under ce and over atm working tothe right, pest hit the letchand section, under en oer wo (Rg, td gai fn the sighthand section, under on, over two (2g 8 "Not proc tlw Unter two, over ewo (Tig 8). Under evo, over exo (Fig 10). Under woofer oo (gS ” Tn Fig.l, aller pasatng tender two, (0 icted by the Bi) a comple toot shown, te te working cod here mew the sued Ing end This makes fae small Eno, bu canbe ealegel i Slog anne Comtin mn Fig er on Now pas er one, under two ver two (Fig 3). Over os, un der tro oer two (ig) Over one under wo, over oC , For intrctons om completing this bot, cura wo the next plats, en Puss Double Gaucho Knot of Two Pate,a ee PEKKA SKK ORRAQ RXR RRR Z ORI RK RKPLATE 6s Hraxmonowe KNor—This ta very dtr ad decorating knot for hep of ight Turks Head as he sewn Knot While the fie pat four bight Turks Head cane Ged as shown in Plate 4, we wl be con Stent snd weave "Wrap the thong around dhe model wth cll inthe manne sown in Fig Ls On the second turn pws under the standing BH (ig hy and ine rear ps under one and over one ig ‘Contnue 8 follows: Fron: Under one, over one, under oot, ovr one (Fig. 5). This wings back wo the ware, with the working part meee te sen ing pare. (Fig ‘Now, istead of tacking it under one chong alongside and to dhe right of the standing pares ck it under the ending pate dor {he thong which i onped oer the standing prt se up alone eb suing pa ig io eng ‘rt upward, pasing ver one ony and adr one thong Fig. ase working tnd tothe ter sde ofthe sailing fart ‘neath it and also beneath the thong 08 top of the sang part ig 8, ‘With the working ent fot the standing par dowa on ts other side, ping under the same thong the sanding par ds (9). ‘A the bottom of the Knot in fg. 10 the working end ag turned tothe pit tere i fint ped son to the Il of the sanding pat Now past over he sanding part and under ts ‘wn party ae well ne ‘undet the two adjucnt dongs atthe pli where they crow ech other In ate words the quence over ‘ne, wer tre Pas the working end upwards, falling tothe eft ofthe on ‘on i ight un reaches the topy where t gee ver one thong nd der thee, at indeed by te sowie in igs Th The taldingsaquence i cootinued on the next pate 64. rane 64 Herringbone KnotPLATE 66a ‘The lst ssp in Plate 64 reached the top of the Knot ancl she seat pass wil pit two of the pall! thats Being the working fend down overne, under one, ovr two ated under tes, drawing ‘oe atthe botom tote let a shawn in ig 12 ‘Going up, the worklag end pans cre: one under one, ver $0 and under thee emerging atthe top and it (ig 13), ‘Pasing dowavard the marking tod oes over one, under (0, over two at under thee enexping atthe botnet Fie (Note! Wate the numbers atthe tp of the mandrel whut sow ‘when thas bees turned) ‘Going py the working end pases over ope, under ono, oer wo and under thes, emerging a the top lle (Pg. 1) "Fig 16 Coing down, the working ot pase over io, ander toon over two and under one (Fg 1) ig 17 shows the fish ofthe ht. Pass vnder two more thongs fnclating the standing part andthe Koo i piece. ‘Thi last pio sould have een included in the previous one nd he work Ing end could have ben brought under all dee thongs at once. “Hiowever, for the take of nity in instruction es her done the loupe Both the shaded thongs and the white thong i the complete vot. (¥ig. 1) represent a fvepart, fourbight Tarts Head in ter Words this complete Kno i snp the ren of weaving (or inerwenvng the two Turk Heade tpeer “The wma type of knot canbe made with seven pat, sscbight ‘Turks Hea, which wou he the ren of intervening two sven put Turks Head together, Alo sean be made fom he nine pat Pigbighe Tank's Head and on Tight be of iterator to ay that Tuk’ Heads and woven ‘nus hae engage the attention of many profound wabematicos hd a ponders Mertare hae brn tenon the. "Ty fll ley at tviolte av thow of the planes, ao the wind ‘eka, even labyrinthine, twisting ean be elated to "8 ingame pattern for this Enos given in ig 1s 7 ws We, (OARS rare G4AHestingbone Knot (Continued,fei "ding pater fr this knot Pare 65—Headbune’ Knot of Two PassPLATE 67 Phararre ot Gavexo Burso Krot—Where the Herringbone not (Hate 61) mas an inerwenve of two Tutkt Hens of he fame numberof parts and bight, the Plncappe Kaos isan inter teeave of two Turk’ Heads ofthe tte mero igh bat er fa th one base or shleton ih Task’ Head tnd the one Sngerwonen tea Turke Head of fie pars and se bight. Ths noc it ly made over rounded ear ae Slo can be ued on the head of cine and uit than beeuse fies double ow of snggersd highs at each end the teal of losing eorpletely overt round euface Te tghtened around a small sphere core i nah a bvuial Dutton Aly the interweaving chong cn be ofa diferent tne of Color, wich pve 2 very uma pater, “The knot can be made ay or lengih, however, it dhol be radeon a selton hnot of seven parte suc ae she frepare Sever par, ninepare, eu onger ont cat be made by inereat ing te doublet tiple section bathe weave Turks Hed, 4a Fig. Tis shown the ware ofthe bas orieteton Koo ie ils tates Turks Head of five parts and four bight which will be ‘ated to one of Seven parts and ae bight ‘Te he fear lou bight Turks Head as shown in Plate fh Beginning at ue fom of ‘he Brot (Fig. pas the working end, along paral to the san Jing end, on fa rgh, under one, oer one, wider one, oer one ‘At the top, working down. (Pig) pam over one, wider one ver ‘one, under oi and over one (ke bottom lop, The woskng end ising down inthis ase step wot the lf of te sang pe in Fig 3p wpa guint the ht the sing ed (op loop.) Fellow the itarlecking path downward over one, ur ar one, over ong under one: oer one Fig 8 This portion ofthe knot ir shaded in ge Begin with dhe un lade port of the working end In Fig. 5 again flow Manpide ‘upward/and othe eight of the standing eid ner one, over one, ter one, over one, and thet pas toward the Tells the two ‘hong which cow each other ig 6: Down, over one under one, over one, and wader two (oe hg 7 Wen eee oe ‘vee one and under tree whe Ge working end ivide tw purl chongs Tig 8: Work dows, ov ove, under one oer Oa End under res epiting pur "ig. 8: (Nor shown early in the drawing) wark up, over one under one over ne, ad under the (iting » pay “The sequence i continued on Plate 6 uate 6t—Pineaple or Gabcho Baton KnotPineapple or Gaucho Bution Kaot (Continue). Pare 67PLATE 69 Suamree Arrusgur or One TwoseLike edge lucng appli ‘aye andi s bats praca ad eau Ie tele ‘Biss of ether an ate same te plang tothe je WH, the prope wea thong applignt no threat crm rad il ever te near. And fe noes to aby tht tere bs barmonions elaoahip between later thong ad beter I ons ad ‘hove beauty i eomplement ‘One of the spl forms of apptigue ithe atatep pe. I.can ‘be aed not onl in ating ienberPcs at he gen Bt ies ean of decorate in ell yellowing 8 pattern, sch st fala some pts deg Spe the le the wid ofthe thong. Enter the thong fom the tuck though hole (Bg. Then pri tnough ole from the from (Fig) nnd up aback crough ole Tom he rear Fig 3," Alway be sure I consent eer either ote iho ee af the portion ofthe thong sien ne hae ot. Ie this ee Scisalwayom the righ Naw Wig the werting end ofthe dong down om hae 110 hale 3 and pus Uougk fom the font othe back (Pig 3) Pe {up fom the back trough ole tothe right of bth hong at that pint (Fg io the ght. Then down the stne order unl the rough hole 3 (ig. Ty and so on faut In Fig. 9 is shown 2 dlagram of how the braid look from the sear. ‘There are several variaons of ths suractve rai which ‘wil be dest laterPLATE 70 TwoTwono FouPagr Aveugtr—As this is bule upon the stairstep applique (Pate 6, fet make the saint braid” ‘hen, with = sxond thong, thi one of diferent col Ht 3 show a shaded Inthe eng ‘Pas the shade oF working thong ovr the we thong betwen boty and 2 under the wie thong to it ther one he ext and down through ole ou he ton eth ra, inde ‘aly te awit in “oe ow bring the working hong back up dough hoe @ fom the set fhe fom an oh ee aed pt nrg [Nek pa the working hong over on thowg, under one ad over ue then through hole, iasoaied in ig. 3 Bring ach spe {Eom thereat t the fron sho hole Sp hele a aoe lythesrowine i ig ‘The next eps he same a the preceding ones, Pas he working thong ove one, under one, and over one alae inclined To We ‘ghts and Wen down trough hal rg 8) 1 the va view (Big 6) i canbe set tat che tongs overlap, 25 te shaded on worl thong sought tough shale on oe Side and p trough hole on te the se ‘Tie fnihed work shown in Fig. fh gives pleating wo toned ect bat i ca ao be work levy wih ong ot te tung color. The bes slo, ater sfhion, te fou tong Sot Trai ‘Tals pe of thonging i very popular among Kathe baidere Swiverand, Tecan be made with ong of difeent wl welly the erignal saitep applique foundation ir made of the Wider Mongs Ie san cece ng on belts and ther arty a hough i mit nt be forgoten tei hs the utilis an rl, ak oc all appliqué beading of joining ogee two oF more ces ota eens Files FIGS FIGS Figs F686 Pare 20—Two-Thong FourPart Appliqué,PLATE 3 Suangy pm of Two TionrThis is naw the saintep appliqué of one thong (Pte 6) cep ets cee red ‘Robeaial by te we of ong Tes we for joining pice of leather apd a he sme tne for ecoravon. A contrat color tothe tener bse say be ed to dge a png fect. Dire leathery han poate hongig Koc on cowhide or ealfkin ve quite ceive "To begin, lnc the thong diated inthe top bole fom rear to fon. Next pa the one diated at A though he etd tole hereto ds Bi i ee fog he arene india the coane of thong BPs oy {RE cond ote fom font wo ear and hele sf hong A "Now bring thong B frvard ough te hi hoe a lied tothe righ inetd by the stowline in Fg. 2 Pas ong A own hough the third bole over thong B and to tee te fol Foto the arvowine ig Th Fig, tthe next move indicated. Bring thong A trom back to font tough the fourth hate aa inci to te igh Poss {ong B down ovr thong A und ough he fourth hole far oat 10 back and to the left of thong Ast that pot Fig 3) ‘Wen the two thong are ine pei how FB, ighten ty plage both at Hime. Bring thong’ buck up he Bch hole and elie Sto the rig ‘Pa ong A down through the th hole Sr hong Band so ‘nse in he hole (Fg). The finuted braid i cbow’ La Fg. 8 "A back view of his bad titrated in Fig. 9 we roan ‘in every may the ingle thong tal. ‘ake the kes with «pun or vith sal thonging eis The symmetry ofthe bal depen on the care en gpcig the hoes realy. When ing tts made by» thoging cil Sway ce Iitge them mith the hd belore isting he Gonads Brad ‘ate wth sles much neater than when made wir le Pare 7—Staintep Appliqué of Two Thong.PLATE 72 Cauay Aeverque oF One Twove—Pas the thong through the top hole ren the sear # the front and down through he ted ‘leas sbowa i Fig. 1. The avvveline i this drawing eats Ss path which w up tough the second hole fom the a to the ifoge and tothe ight ofthe sanding part ‘Nene pu i down through bale kom ihe front othe ree, Pas the working end up through hole 3, this une to the tft ‘of the Sanding part a shown by the arowline in Tig: 2 "Then ‘ring it down ivough the Sh bote fom the nt to he tar. ‘Now orig it-up through hole 4, ths ume tothe ght of the standing pers ss dicated by the ttowline ko Fig 8 and dows througl che sith hole om the front tothe re. Concnue tus, lat ping tack to one side of che studing port ae net to the ‘ier uae, srun:tuon AtrrasTi provid» dvb ey In two pees of eater aod abo gives pening cect ist, Jpn tke hong. ole rom hes ce eat ad down {Reough Bole'S (Pip Now, sa shat part of the lop mh ‘dzeedy one hoe 2 cut a smal src ale fn the hong with 2 Ubonging thee! or tke polat of Snite Enlarge i ram he rar Irun' fd and pas the working end through the ble the Teather snd through the tin the thong, a lndeted bythe avow: nein Fg 5. Tn Fige the working end is shown through the holes in bh leather ad thoog. Bring it down through hale 4 Ta that section tthe Loop of the thong diet ovr hole 3 tab another vertical ‘Ti tengeareul wou 0 cw the thong beneath Dass the working through hole and troogh the at i the hong s Hadad ye awline in ig 7. Conde forthe deed length, seunoon Aru of Tv Toon Thi etme the preceding apique except dat two thongs are tna and tha ‘here nn mecca o itingdham. Wark the thongs st 2 unit a Showa in the iusrations (Fig. 8 10, 1 and 12). One thong of {ne oor and one of another maybe tned 3nd by oveapping tem ‘ach time in the Far 3 Peng, wetoned lea sekiered =| AziGel ft : a> ; ‘S| t2| Se See race ‘Gente: Sp “Roplgue oxom: Splihong Applgue & Two Thongs.PLATE 73 Hoan Baa Avior oy ‘wo Tueses—Degin this appliqué by pang two thongs of equal wth through she tp ole fre the rear to the frome (Pg. 1. The letcaned thong (Unsaded) Is Adsignate as A, andthe Fighchand one aed) B ‘Pam thong A down through hole 4 and thong B down though tole. "The arowlines in Fig 1 show dhe nex pass ofthe two thongs. Bring thong B through the second ole om the tap and to ie fexreme Fight ofthe other two thongs. Pass Gong A buck ough {he third Pole om the tp abd tothe ems right afte ober “Tn bringing both dongs tom rear co font always have them. cemerge tothe exteme ght ‘This wil inline the Raed raed toward the let and i the oles ae not to fr from he edge of the Heather or pices of leather being joined, the beaié Wil be on the vey edge, tang an stracive ee cng et ‘a thong 8 tthe leit over one thong onder one sed dows sarong hole 5, a iced bythe arrow iio im Fig 2 Now past thong A over the fst thong co the ey under toog B and down through hole 6 This ndised bythe arowsine in Fg 8. ng thong up from rea 4 fone trough hole 4 and to the righ a Indated in Fig. 4 y the aowlie. Pas Gong A up Inom'rear to front dough le 5 as indated by the serving i Fig Tn the nex stp, showa in Fg. 5, pas hong B over one dong, (Gs ows partner the white hong (8) ad down through Bole ‘Thong tlle the coresponding path posing ovr om pat, Ur thong ad down trough hol 8, a shown in Fig 8. "Contin ia are dvd By tracing» dig a tne om a ples af ether # cam be felled eit th sppiguéd raid The ‘nished bai, shown lonely woven to the operation can bir Be ‘teers, is howe in Fig 7. ‘The back ofthe braid ostated in Fig 8 ‘uate 7$—Halrsbesid Appliqué of Two ThongsPLATE 74 'S" Tyre Arrtigus oF One Twoxe—The width ofthe thong wil deerme the distance of the ales fom each oer and the —Braid where lenber thongs are pulled alvrnately ‘hrough sis in their own part. Usually tetmed alt braiding ‘and smolts aca Beiding Fo~Someties called eles in leather work. A long tapering ‘octal tol wth blunt pola wed for making an opening be {ween thong ia raiding aswell ealarghg ska Uraugh whieh ‘hong are pase iar Beam—Brad in which thongs are worked alternately from ‘ach ise, "last Str—The inner or rough side of the lesther ax oppoted to the smooth or al side "preva ‘Gnaox—The smooth nara extriae ste of leather fom which the hal has been removed. Sue at hai de or smooth de ‘Gutoaie—A pattern sade by fteracng curred es in which Traiing wfc, sonalnns credtor sane on ens Ham Basio—The simple, threechong fat brad Hngencrons—A pattern usually of a Vshipe formed by thongs ‘when braided in ver wounderwo sequence or overdhreeunde (hee sequence. HieA pet rom one ofthe larger animal, Caehid, cowhide, owe, te ‘Hine Rors—Rope made from strip of leather ct from green hides uid braided. Formerly sed by seamen in rgpng oxoaThe eye in lariat through which abraded leather rope foal eror, Huqeacs—Merican sandal ke shoes with tps of raed thongs Tctse—Another name for leather caving. A method of exting round the ornainent slghly wich »heifebelore sinking the ‘ackgroen. {Istay—A combination of two lather where the braidwork i et "athe other, the ew vartncs nent level ‘hrencacen—Where aces or thongs oss alternately over and under wach other. ine Twit in thong LLaca—A smal, natrow chong. Useally comercally made and Ypeveieds used mainly for edge braiding or edgelacing ‘Lacie Neenur—Flat needle split at one ent to recive she thong. ‘or lacing “Larico—A form of thong of slim anne later; often mistermed bide, ‘Loca —Thongng in which cach taen secures Ite Lire “sting dwn” ofa thong inthe right pasion, wally "Sinn by tapping egy wi 4 mallet Maxoani—A oindsieal or conical cre wed in making ws Reade or woven kote Manuosemr—A metal pin epering to 4 point used In separating thong in Braiding, Spooaymous with Ba. INaronal—A term applied to unsained or andyed leather. Parrerote—Rawhide Paxono—Thinaing down the edge ofthe leather with a tie aue—The under cr Sesh side of ether. Al ale the velvet sidePinesso—Catting the horde of leather in am eenamental patern ‘tall seilope wth indented edges Pare (PLsx}—The continicd intelacing of several thongs to form 4 raided strap. In sone sections ple mesne road ral sod "ra od for a braid Paowe—Tool for punching several Hots a el spacings, Puusine—A shin moe elas from ie to se than rm nich to ‘a User tool wih sharpened cinder or tube which cts upon a ott metal Bae for puehiog holes in leather "There are ao Independent poncher know as drive punches. The revolving [punch sat any ars dierent se aes Rawnnr—An untanned ide Rovro Bua—A braid in which sernate thongs are. bough ‘ound tothe sear owead of stright acon ati dat raiding. Rye panage of hong from one hole to another onthe front ‘ofthe lester, ethout gong over the edge to the back. Staous Learimt—A vegetable tanned cowhide leathe, tan of ms ‘oral colored Saoous Soar—A speca sap wed to cleane and soften later, SamoueSrioet—A metal sump to impres vaio designs on leather. ‘Sxm—The pelt of the smaller animal, such as calf oat, sheep, Sewne—Spliviog « skin horizontally into several thicknewes Beveing an ele by paring. Suor—A long, nazow apertare ar dine from a round punched or spe D Srioast KHor—A woven indie not of one thong worked with Sunk hed assem orate “ Seuain Lace Rage ding or eg icing Svat Bua —raid uly made by the oveapping or crowning ‘of several thongs, " Ld Staxoone Exo—The inactive or secured part of thong a oppo to the active o working Pat m ‘Tuone—A narrow strip eat om a hie or skin. Sometimes beveled onthe dese. ‘Twoneine Gises—A wml chisel with one of more nso pronge to cali or thonging ‘Twons Wisee.—A too cing a continuous lin of sas for thong ‘ing when roled under prs ‘Twice Buao—An insite braid made with thee or more thongs cat n'a suap in sucha manner that te ends ae jlne ‘Tune Puna —Seme ms revolving punch ‘Tunw's MiaoA braided wreath ot rng in which the braid i ‘ilar fo that of ft rai but is continuous and made widh fone hong, AK’ head cannot have he stne sumer of tg. ‘ters ts breadth as ight ‘The law shat igh apd part must fot have a common divi ot the working ead wil come back (othe sandag end bear whe knot complete ‘Tw Beaw—teaid made wid lester turned oF ewited upon act Worse Ein —The end of thong ued in making a braid ws di inguihed tom eanding end‘More Hobby and How-To Books ENCYCLOPEDIA OF KNOTS. AND FANCY ROPEWORK Raoul Graumont & john Hensel Carpets coverage ofthe sje of eying nots and make lng omamental rope designs as well a a istry af knots and ope making Profuselyiustrated BRAIDING RAWHIDEHORSE TACK Robert L. Woolery Here isan invtroction manta for the novice worker ia rivthide. Assuming no previous knowledge or cxpericnce tithe par ofthe “eer the author stats withthe fresh Cowhide continue: chrough cutting and braiding ad ends ‘with inishedreates sas hobble, and ens HOW TO MAKE COWNOY HORSE GEAR AND HOW TO MAKE A WESTERN SADDLE Brice Grant & Lee M, Rice Anillustated volt me showing rom begining toendhow to-make articles sa daily by horsemen for work and show: Photograph depict the fnishod ares and reveal their evolution from the old worlds of Meio and South ‘America tothe Us ted State (WHIPS AND WE IPMAKING ‘David W, Morgat ‘A compzchensive inroduction to whips, eling what ‘whips were used fcc various jabs, why they ae designed ss they are how they sre made, and how they ae eed. For fll informatica about thse snd other Commell Mac ‘ime Pees and Tid water Publicherstiles inguire t your bookstore, cafesh spor Comets Maritime Pe Center lle, Maryland 21617