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l8 Orth Arrays PDF
l8 Orth Arrays PDF
Orthogonal Arrays
v v
• Vector algebra x⋅ y =0
• Robust design
– Form contrasts for the columns (i)
wi1 + wi 2 + wi 3 L + wi 9 = 0
– Inner product of contrasts must be zero
w<i> ⋅ w< j> = 0
Robust System Design
16.881 MIT
Before Constructing an Array
We must define:
• Number of factors to be studied
• Number of levels for each factor
• 2 factor interactions to be studied
• Special difficulties in running experiments
n n = Number of η values
1
SS due n-1
to mean
x
α x
Rotation Translation
L9 (34)
Number of
9=(3-1)x4+1
Orthogonality
Dummy Levels
Before After
C1=A1B1
A1 B1
C2=A1B2
A2 B2
C3=A2B2
Example
C2=A1B2
C3=A2B2
65.0
50.0 A1
45.0 A2
35.0
65.0
50.0 A1
45.0 A2
35.0
Numerical Example
Run c1 4x6 c3 A c5 B c7 N
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1.2
2 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 1.7
3 1 2 2 1 1 2 2 2.1
4 1 2 2 2 2 1 1 2.6
5 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 4.9
6 2 1 2 2 1 2 1 3.9
7 2 2 1 1 2 2 1 0.9
8 2 2 1 2 1 1 2 1.1
60.0
40.0 A1
A2
• Requires two
30.0 A3
20.0
unassigned columns
10.0
0.0
B1 B2 B3
• To study interaction 1
x child column to
preserve the
balancing property
Robust System Design
16.881 MIT
Branching Design
Oven Type Temp / Light Int
Run c1 c2 c3 c4 c5 c6 c7
Is the balancing
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 property
1 1 1 2 2 2 2
2
3 1
T 2 2 1 1 2 2
preserved?
4 1 2 2 2 2 1 1
5 2 1 2 1 2 1 2
2 How can we
6 I 1 2 2 1 2 1
7 2 2 1 1 2 2 1 recover balance?
8 2 2 1 2 1 1 2