HSC Mock Trial Examination

July, September Assessment Task

2019 Higher School Certificate

Mathematics Extension 1

General Instructions

• Reading time – 5 minutes

• Working time – 2 hours
• Write using black pen
• Calculators approved by NESA may be used
• A reference sheet is provided at the back of this paper
• In Questions 11–14, show relevant mathematical reasoning and/or calculations

Total marks: 70

Section I – 10 marks
• Attempt Questions 1-10
• Allow about 15 minutes for this section
• Section II - 60 marks

Section II – 60 marks
• Attempt Questions 11–14
• Allow about 1 hour and 45 minutes for this section

Examiner: VG (material obtained and inspired from a variety of sources).

Section I
10 marks
Attempt Questions 1 − 10
Allow about 15 minutes for this section

Use the multiple choice answer sheet for Questions 1 − 10.

Z
1
1. Which expression is equal to √ dx ? 1
1 − 4x2

1 x
A. sin−1 + C
2 2

1
B. sin−1 2x + C
2
x
C. sin−1 +C
2

D. sin−1 2x + C

1 − cos 2x
2. What is lim ? 1
x→0 ax2

1
A.
a
2
B.
a

C. 2a

D. a

sin φ
3. The function f (φ) = is 1
cos2 φ
π
A. decreasing for −π ≤ φ <
2
π
B. decreasing for −0 < φ <
2
π
C. increasing for − ≤φ<0
2
π π
D. increasing for − <φ<
2 2

Page 2
4. A curve is defined by x = 2t and y = loge t. 1
dy
Which of the following is the value of at the point (2, 0) ?
dx

1
A.
4

1
B.
2

C. 1

D. 2

5. How many arrangements of the letters of the word OLYMPIC are possible if the C and the L are to be 1
together in any order?

A. 5!

B. 6!

C. 2 × 5!

D. 2 × 6!

6. When a polynomial P (x) is divided by (x + 1)(x − 3), the remainder is 2x + 7. What is the remainder 1
when P (x) is divided by x − 3 ?

A. 1

B. 7

C. 9

D. 13

Page 3
7. The points A, B and P lie on a circle centred at O. The tangents to the circle at A and B meet at the 1
point T , and 6 AT B = θ.

A
P

T θ O

What is the size of 6 AP B ?

θ
A.
2

θ
B. 90◦ −
2

C. θ

D. 180◦ − θ

8. A nine-member Sports Committee consists of four students, three teachers and two parents. The com- 1
mittee sits at a round table.

How many different seating arrangements are possible if the students sit together as a group and so
do the teachers, but no teacher sits next to a student?

A. 144

B. 1 728

C. 864

D. 288

Page 4
 9. A particle is moving in simple harmonic motion with displacement x. Its velocity v is given by 1

v 2 = 16 9 − x2 .

What is the amplitude, A, and the period, T , of the motion?

π
A. A = 3 and T =
2
π
B. A = 3 and T =
4
π
C. A = 4 and T =
3

2π
D. A = 4 and T =
3

 Xn 
n


 loge j 
X  j=1
10. What is the value of j × e ? 1
  
j=1
 

1 2 2
A. n (n + 1)
4

1 2
B. n (n + 1)
4

1 2
C. n (n + 1)!
2

1
D. n (n + 1)!
2

End of Section I

Page 5
Section II
10 marks
Attempt Questions 11 − 14
Allow about 1 hour and 45 minutes for this section

Answer each question in a SEPARATE writing booklet. Extra writing booklets are available.

In Questions 11−14, your responses should include relevant mathematical reasoning and/or calculations.

Question 11 (15 marks) Use the Question 11 Writing Booklet.

Z e
3x
(a) Evaluate dx . 3
1
e
1 − 5x2

(b) Differentiate x3 sin2 x . 2

x
(c) Solve ≤ 2. 3
x−3

Z 3
(d) Use the substitution u = x2 to evaluate x(x2 − 4)3 dx . 3
0

(e) Five different coloured dice are rolled together. What is the probability that exactly four of the five 2
scores are the same?

(f) Use the binomial theorem to find an expression to find the term independent of x in the expansion 2
 12
1
of 2x − 2 .
x

End of Question 11

Page 6
Question 12 (15 marks) Use the Question 12 Writing Booklet.

(a) A particle moves in a straight line away from a point O on the line such that when its distance from
k
O is x, its speed v is given by; v = , for some constant k.
x

(i) Show that the particle has a retardation which is inversely proportional to x3 . 1

(ii) If A, B, C and D are points in that order on the straight line, such that the distances AB, BC 2
and CD are all equal, show that the times taken to travel these successive distances increase
in an arithmetic progression.

(b) A salad, which is initially at a temperature of 25◦ C, is placed in a refrigerator that has a constant
temperature of 3◦ C. The cooling rate of the salad is proportional to the difference between the tem-
perature of the refrigerator and the temperature, T , of the salad. That is, T satisfies the equation

dT
= −k (T − 3) ,
dt

where t is the number of minutes after the salad is placed in the refrigerator.

(i) Show that T = 3 + Ae−kt satisfies this equation. 1

(ii) The temperature of the salad is 11◦ C after 10 minutes. Find the temperature of the salad after 3
15 minutes.

x2 + 1
(c) (i) Find the vertical and horizontal asymptotes of the graph f (x) = . 1
x2 − 1

x2 + 1
(ii) Without the use of calculus, sketch the graph f (x) = , showing the asymptotes found in 2
x2 − 1
part (i).

Question 12 continues on page 8

Page 7
Question 12 (continued)

(d) A tide can be modelled using simple harmonic motion.

At a particular location, the high tide occurs at 7.00 am and low tide occurs at 1.10 pm.

At 7.00 am, a man noticed that the top of a buoy was 0.5 m above fishing level.

At 1.10 pm, the man noticed that the top of the buoy was 3.5 m below fishing level.

2 High tide
1.5 Fishing level

0 Centre of oscilliation

-2 Low tide

 π 
(i) Show that the tide can be modelled by the function x = 2 cos t . 2
370

(ii) At what time was the top of the buoy level with the wharf? 1

(iii) What is the maximum speed of the buoy? 2

End of Question 12

Page 8
Question 13 (15 marks) Use the Question 13 Writing Booklet.

1
(a) (i) Show that logan x = loga x . 1
n

(ii) Using the result in part (i) and by summing the series, or otherwise, evaluate 2

log2 9 + log4 9 + log16 9 + log256 9 + . . . .

(b) Suppose P (x) = ax3 + bx2 + cx + d with a, b, c and d real, a 6= 0 .

(i) Show that if b2 − 3ac < 0 then P (x) cuts the x−axis only once. 1

 
b
2
(ii) If b −3ac = 0 and P − = 0 , for how many successive derivatives of P (x); P 0 (x), P ”(x) . . . , 1
3a
b
does the root x = − appear?
3a

√ √ √
(c) The diagram below shows the curve −x + y= a.

x
−a

p √ √
(i) On the same set of axes, sketch the graph |x| + y= a. 1

a2
(ii) Show that the area between the graph in part (i) and the x−axis is given by units2 . 2
3

Question 13 continues on page 10

Page 9
(d) (i) Explain why the number of ways a group of six can be divided into three groups of two for a 1
  
1 6 4
two-on-two basketball game is .
3! 2 2

(ii) The two-on-two tournament consists of 5 matches. The chance of Team A winning a two-on-two 2
1
basketball matchup against Team B is . Find the probability that Team A loses exactly 2 of
3
the 5 matches.

(e) The diagram shows a conical icing bag of radius 5 cm and height 20 cm used for decorating a cake.

5 cm

r cm 20 cm

h cm

At any time t seconds, the top surface of the icing in the container is a circle of radius r cm and its
height is h cm.

πr2 h
The volume of the icing is given by V = .
3

h
(i) Explain why r = . 1
4

dV π 2
(ii) Show that = h . 1
dh 16

The container is used for decorating and the area of the surface of the icing decreases at 0.04 cm2 s–1 .

dh 0.32
(iii) Show that =− . 2
dt πh

End of Question 13

Page 10
Question 14 (15 marks) Use the Question 14 Writing Booklet.

(a) (i) Prove by mathematical induction that, for n ≥ 2, 3

     
1 1 1 1 n+1
1− 1− 1− ... 1 − 2 = .
4 9 16 n 2n

(ii) Suppose for n a positive integer 2

n
n! a0 a1 a2 ak an X ak
≡ + + +. . .+ +. . .+ ≡ .
x(x + 1)(x + 2) . . . (x + k) . . . (x + n) x x+1 x+2 x+k x+n x+k
k=0
 
n
Show that ak = (−1)k .
k
n
!
X ak
(iii) Using part (ii) and by considering lim , find the limiting sum of 1
n→∞ x+k
k=0

(−1)n
     
1 n 1 n 1 n
1− + − + ... + .
2 1 3 2 4 3 n+1

(b) In the diagram, 4OA1 B1 is right-angled at O, OA1 has length 1, and 6 OA1 B1 = α, where α < 45◦ .
6 OB1 A2 is constructed so that it equals α. A2 B2 is constructed so that A2 B2 k A1 B1 . This con-
struction is continued for A3 , B3 , A4 , . . . .

B1

B2

α
B3
..
α α α .
...
A1 A2 A3 O
(i) Show that A1 A2 = 1 − tan2 α . 1

(ii) Hence, show that A1 A2 + A3 A4 + A5 A6 + . . . = cos2 α . 3

Question 14 continues on page 11

Page 11
Question 14 (continued)

(c) A projectile is fired from the origin with velocity V at an angle of α to the horizontal up a plane
inclined at β to the horizontal. Assume that the horizontal and vertical components of the
1
projectile’s displacement are given by x = V t cos α and y = V t sin α − gt2 . (Do NOT prove this.)
2

P (X, Y )

α
β
x
O

(i) If the projectile strikes the plane at (X, Y ), show that 2

2V 2 cos2 α (tan α − tan β)

X= .
g

(ii) Hence show that the range R of the projectile up the inclined plane is given by 1

2V 2 cos α sin (α − β)
R= .
g cos2 β

It can be shown that 2 sin (A − B) cos A = sin (2A − B) − sin B . (Do NOT prove this.)

V2
(iii) Show that the maximum possible value of R is . 2
g (1 + sin β)

End of paper

Page 12