Assignment 3.TOD

Submitted by:- PRAVEEN SINGH submitted to:- AR.
SARIKA GAUTAM
18BAR1115
4TH (B)
Q1. Study the lift and design philosophies of any one master
architect of contemporary India with the help of his built up
projects.
ANS. Padma Shri Achyut P. Kanvinde is a quite known name in the list of contemporary
Architects. He is considered as one of forefathers of modern Indian architecture.
Kanvinde was born in 1916 in a small village on the Konkan coast raised in a joint family
in the village. His mother died when he was two and his father was an arts teacher in
Mumbai. Kanvinde was a influenced by his father, who was a portrait and landscape
painter.
Kanvinde had the calling of a painter and did enroll in an art school but the family
decided that architecture would be a better profession for him. He entered the
Architecture Department at Sir J.J. School of Art in 1935 then headed by Claude Batley,
who was also the premier architect of the country. He passed out in 1941. 1943, he
joined the newly formed Council for Scientific and Industrial Research as architect.
Achyut Kanvinde attended Harvard Graduate school of Design in 1945.
Source:- 1. https://indianexpress.com/article/lifestyle/art-and-culture/remembering-a-master-builder/)
2. https://www.slideshare.net/MayurWaghulde3/iit-kanpur-91976231
3. http://www.angelfire.com/in4/vikramsaraph/dd/pages/nehruscience.htm
Philosophies:-
His buildings were simple and he used to tell the students “ARCHITECTURE IS NOT A MUSEUM
OF MATERIAL”
Kanvinde plays with space and forms. His designs are slender, balanced, proportionate, neat and
well crafted. The building is important but most important is the gate of the user. Example is Iskcon
Temple. He gave much more importance to the natural light. He would give forms to the building that
could solve the problem of ventilation as well as excessive heat. He believed in vernacular
architecture. He believed that the image should be such that can set the mood and interest for which
the building stands for. Both inherent values and historical influences contribute towards good
architecture.
All his creations were in strict conformity with these principles:

 FUNCTIONALISM
 LOGIC OF LIGHTNESS
 MODERN ARCHITECTURE AND BRUTALISM
 REGIONALISM
 RATIONALIST
 SENSE OF SPACE
“Personally and his office too, Kanvinde, Rai and Chowdhury (KRC), shaped and launched
many a career in architecture, and provided many young architects an opportunity and
foundation. He was one of the few architects who worked a great deal on public projects.
Through his courteous personality, ability to talk and persuade, without ever being domineering,
and truly compassionate nature, he was able to give a stature to the possibility of good
architecture in government projects. With his partner Shaukat Rai, who was an infrastructural
bedrock, they made a great pair, in the early days. In some of the buildings in Anand, Gujarat,
and at IIT Kanpur, one sees his direction and signature. He explored modularity in spatial and
structural grids, and had a way of modulating space and form through roofs, almost like he was
poking the sky,” says architect Ashok B Lall at The Indian Express.
Q2. Explain any two of his architectural works using Multi-view,
single-view drawings and analytical design models.
Indian Institute of Technology at Kanpur (1960-

1966):-
Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur (also known as IIT Kanpur or IITK) is a public engineering
institution located in Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh. It was declared to be an Institute of National
Importance by the Government of India under the Institutes of Technology Act.
Established in 1960 as one of the first Indian Institutes of Technology, the institute was created with
the assistance of a consortium of nine US research universities as part of the Kanpur Indo-American
Programme (KIAP).
IIT Kanpur campus is located 15 Km from the Kanpur city and spreads wide in an area of 1000
acres. The campus includes –
 Academic buildings: 13 departments, PK Kelkar Library, Computer Centres faculty offices,
laboratories and administrative buildings
 10 boys hostel and 2 girls hostel
 Sports complex
 Housing for faculty
 The residential campus is planned and landscaped with a hope for environmental freedom.
 Halls of residence, faculty and staff houses and community buildings surround the central
academic area to provide flexibility in movement and communication
JAWAHARLAL NEHRU SCIENCE CENTRE,
MUMBAI:-
Introduction
Contemporary museums are forms of open education and they have to meet the
growing demand for more information, more communication and thereby more
activity. One of the most fascinating contributions to the designing of
scientific/technological museums is the “workshop centre”. Rather than an awesome
display of exhibits with “do not touch” sign boards, and technical jargon, which offer
nothing in visual terms besides being a scientific encyclopaedia, the workshop concept
encourages public participation through visual demonstration. The Nehru Science
Centre in Mumbai, is one such workshop, which involves the visitor in a scientific
experience, giving him participative role in experiments, so that he/she no longer
remains a mere spectator. The centre has certain goals such as –
1. To stimulate public awareness and interest in science and technology.
2. To co-operate with the education system in the provision of an education
facility for illustrating the cultural significance relevant, and also the limitations
of science and technology.
3. To promote the dissemination of knowledge of science and technology to all
people with the co-operation of the scientific community and industry.
4. To act as a focus for scientific activities among surrounding regions.
To sum up, the aim is to fulfil the receptivity of the mind and to create a space
with variation and interest. The main object during the design is to arouse and
stimulate interests of the human mind.
Location
The Nehru Science Centre is located off E. Moses road, Worli, Mumbai. The
northern and western sides of the complex are surrounded be slums making it
impossible to link the structure with the planetarium on the western side. The entire
complex spreads across a sloped marshy land covering about 8 acres.
The general programme requires 13 acres of reclaimed land to accommodate
15,000 sq. m. of built up space, comprising of several functions related to the
museum.
Activities
1. Exposition without walls – children’s science park with interactive exhibits of
scientific phenomena, greenery and aviary.
2. Exposition with walls – science for children, sound and hearing and sight,
discovery and our heritage.
3. Educational extension counter – mini planetarium, camp corners, creative
ability centre, teachers’ training programmes, science fair, seminars, quiz, ‘I m
a mother’ shows, film shows, popular lectures and many more.
Concept
The site is naturally sloping in different directions. The architect deliberately wanted to
maintain and accentuate to this natural topography of the site, in the form of split-levels of
modular units. The vast expanse of the metal finish with grooves gives a more definite and
dramatic character to the exterior. Also the use of ventilation shafts has been commendably
used to enhance the character of the building.
Structural System
As the site is reclaimed, since it was a marshy land, pile foundation had to be
used. The structural system is conceived with structural supports placed at 12.0m
c/c. These supports are made up of hollow 2.3mX2.15m L.C. concrete tube which
functions both as structural components and conceal the air distribution system and
the services. Large unobstructed spans were essential for the exhibition halls of the
science centre. Therefore ribbed or waffle slab is used. The floor slab consists of
0.9mX0.9m fabricated or pre-cast R.C.C. waffle units.
Materials
The exterior surface of the structure, for low maintenance cost, is finished with
local grey stone, grit plaster with grey cement (1:1) panels created by making grooves
on the grit plaster at certain intervals. The finish, although good in appearance has
certain disadvantages, such as –
1. The grooves left between the panels are not watertight and are a cause of
heavy leakage during the monsoon.
2. Rich mixture of cement has been used to cast large panels which have
cracked due to expansion and contraction. Even these cracks are the cause of
monsoon leakage.
3. The grit plaster used does not hold on R.C.C. surface therefore patches of
shot-crete fallen from a few places spoiling the elevation.
Circulation
The circulation pattern broadly falls under two basic needs – the movement of
people and that of the exhibits. Visitors enter the main hall on the first floor level of
the B block through a flight of steps leading from the landscaped forecourt. From the
main hall they are gradually routed through the exhibition area. The circulation route
directs the public to the second floor from where they ascend viewing the exhibits.
Through the central staircase in block B one ascends to the Discovery Hall. From here
one moves on to block C reaching the Hall of Nature. The visitor then starts to
descend in this block, passing through the Hall of Industries and Heritage Hall to
reach the ground floor level to the temporary exhibition halls. After exploring them,
the visitor comes to the café lobby. One climbs up to the entrance hall to exit from
the stepped bridge.
Material circulation is a very important aspect of museum design, which is
organised by bringing the material to be stored to the depository in the basement by
a vehicular ramp. The materials used in fabrication are sent to the workshop. Material
movement in the exhibition area is through a large freight lift in the central zone.
Supplies to the kitchen are also routed through the basement receiving space.
External Form
The building looks interesting when viewed from all the angles. It creates a
sense of curiosity and mystery in the minds of the visitors. The science museum with
its immense proportions and massing does not overpower the visitor’s senses. The
shot-crete used gives a rugged and stark look to the structure; vertical and horizontal
grooves are introduced. The building has few windows minimising the elevational
features and shafts have been skilfully used to add interest to the elevation and have
served in animating the skyline.In popular Imagination science museums, there are
either recycled historical edifices with large halls, arched doorways and ordinate
structures, devoid of symbolic prominence. But the design of Nehru Science Centre is
far removed from this. Its design is basically modular, but the repetition of modules
does not become predictable. The module is evolved through a stage-by-stage
dissection process. Beginning with criss-cross modules, these are centrally dissected
to form a set of ‘Ls’ abutting one another. The form further develops into a multi-
directional module with central service cores and structural shafts.
Interiors
The number of exhibition halls, at various levels, is connected by staircase
blocks with illuminated by skylights and other fully glazed passageways. But each
exhibition hall with its massive area of 500 sq. m. coupled with a height of 4.0m
projects an overwhelming effect on the young visitor. The use of minimum number of
windows has given way to large display areas on the walls. This effect of a large
volume is brought down by hanging colourful banners from the ceiling, though at
some places it has been controlled and regulated by stepping the roof slabs. The
split-levels used to maintain the natural topography of the site has helped in
achieving an effect of spatial organisation and physical as well as visual division of
large spaces. The colour schemes of the exhibition hall interiors consists of bright
primary colours used particularly to attract children and initiate them to the use of
exhibits. The colour of the ceiling is darkened so that no attention is drawn towards
it.
Services
One of the most outstanding features of the Nehru Science Centre is the
efficiency with which their services have been carried out. The toilet block is placed
on the rear side in such a way that all the pipes are concealed within the shaft. The
water tank has been suitably hidden between the tops of the ventilation shafts. The
restrictions on the number of windows in the exhibition halls has affected cross-
ventilation. Thus forced ventilation became necessary and it was preferred because
the other alternative of air-conditioning the building was very expensive.
The ventilation system is purely mechanical. The centrifugal fans blow the air
in through the vent shafts and the tube-axial fans provided at the exhaust. Two
blowers have been fitted at the terrace level. These blowers are actually backward
curved centrifugal fans with double width and double inlet. These blowers suck the
surrounding air through the R.C.C. louvers and force it down the galvanised iron duct
in to the ventilation shafts. The shaft is a hollow tube measuring 2.3mX2.15m. The
forced air is thrown in to each display area through an inlet at the roof level. The
polluted air is thrown out from the exhibition areas through an outlet at the floor
level by means of tube axial fans mounted on top of each shaft. The ventilation
system has the following disadvantages –
1. The amount of air changes facilitated by the system does not achieve comfort
levels.
2. When forced air reaches the louver level the force exerted by the blowers on
the air is considerably reduced. Thus one does not feel the fast air movement,
which is necessary in a humid place like Bombay.
3. The air inlets and outlets are placed just ten feet away from each other.
4. Loud noise and vibrations are caused by the blowers inspite of the use of
glass fibre lining on the ducts.
Thanks.

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Assignment 3.TOD

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Submitted by:- PRAVEEN SINGH submitted to:- AR.

All his creations were in strict conformity with these principles:

Indian Institute of Technology at Kanpur (1960-

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