REPORT ELS RESEARCH 20-22

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Exogenic Processes -caused by external/exogenic factors

-Exogenic factors are usually caused by gravity, atmospheric forces

4 Types of Exogenic Processes

1. Weathering
- Breaking down of rocks into sediments
- Mechanical force is applied

Two types of Weathering

1. Physical Weathering- breaking down of rocks without altering their chemical composition
 Frost Heaving and Wedging- Water seeps to rocks and freezes

 Plant Roots
 Burrowing Animals

 Abrasion- due to repeated friction or impacts

 Temperature changes- weakens the integral structure of rocks

2. Chemical Weathering- chemical reaction of minerals
 Water- dissolves soluble minerals in rocks

 Oxygen- concerns with the oxidation process due to presence of water in metallic
minerals
 Living organisms- Lichens produce weak acids

 Acids- decomposes rocks and acid rain

2.Erosion- fragments of rocks move from one place to another

3.Mass Wasting-Movement of large fragments of rocks downwards due to gravity (landslide)

4.Denudation-removing of rocks from the Earth’s surface

Endogenic Process – internal processes that provide a greater influence in changing the Earth’s surface
- Caused by endogenic factors that are located below the Earth’s surface

1. Magmatism- movement of magma to form igneous rocks

- Responsible for mountain formation

2. Plutonism/Volcanism- rocks are formed in fire by volcanic activity

- magma solidifies beneath or even outside the Earth’s surface