ie Substances in-to ~hyo wor dibfpeaion throug imal and vegelible membrane ox parchment Parer “hus codegovies ane :~ crystallord i) Coltoist cot dieu OO, Sotubl gers depending pom the ate of color sorid / Syd OF gps Mectioid is a state ob matter he do cottidel State: by. lang substance con be brow in PoP RPPRPRPeR90°8 loitable means. “Teun Ziv B164333S2F lon parison op —Susbensia/ Collads / Trae Soltadie, — —_ _ B prterty | Suspension catoit | ue Sven Panicle Size | P(OSceof 18 8) | ete —tOFeM/10K to (iS 7or tok /amet * : 1M tooo B/ Lm ison « Visibility a coibn Aaked] GarHy oltre rni'erescory mot visible o Se predion - 7 ee sity filter | possible mot psscible | net possible @e Papen \ wit sem | Possible possible wot posible Difwaion | Deo. not diffe | Sigvs VY stooly | Digoor Tepid e Sething Salve under [Doe noi cette bus | Doer nok = pevily it vray settle under! Sette e oa a Hetmgena hetrogemous Homegensur @ = eee eae °e Coonerally Hear Cleay,maalipssecbs Se. fepety | A preparation 4 Visosity = fe Hydration or / Schetven Reversibility _Geltodal | brophobic (Sus pensord) Cant be Seow preparer! e93'! Viscasity neanly Hae Same, bax covent I Poxhicle, heve ter aptin’ ber_sclvent Special method ake Jeo Can be prepare, eantly by shaking, oy wear cine substances ha Salvent ne stable. ~reyerni be 7 much +e viscosity higine thon the solvent uaually veug [ faghiy gaweled THE PancRerer Kove rent aguinty Ger solvent. 2 chaath peanela © outtie charge einer Positive or Negative | Paitie oO Vicible. unde TmicrsscePe Spare how be or No chage af ai! panicle, cond be Seen Tarun Si 2164333329 Bepered prove eauily coagulated ty toe addthon of electrolytes Bizparsion Medium Can neh be Canly, _|_ceagutaved era ple yaa Solid cites ath ob ak, pumita’ Prime “ied wana eres. jetty Smoke, have Raby Glam, Gem,~Prepercition of. cellerdal Sotutvons preparation ob yophobie sete = )_eshth foe tyophabie sote_com be frobanel steve ave oo om A) Dispersion Methods conden tation 4 < 4 « “3 Grange ef eakent ‘ « a 4 4 ? 4 &) Mechanical dispersion D change hy physical shite ©) chemical medhodt by Elects dispersion EL double decom petition cn Ontdadion ea Reduttion cou Hydholyers, © Pephization ) , ) y |<) Uthasenic , , ) ) , cpanel Dizpeniion —> by ning condal mill heving revo Cabet ese er pox viva), A Stabtizen FS obendy added J do stablize dhe Talloidel Solution (Tawnia in the prepa ¢ Of coltsel Graphite, Cram Arabi in ae preparation ob leeyt y black calleidal Solution) suspension , ) “Tarun Sir s164ss32ee tk vvivigg bet ‘ OQ | Foe oe | a. Des « IL =F metal disc 6 tech aisperaion (Grea Arc Method) > per due prepanahon ob colteidlal Eotahion, ap enetals KE fa, Aye Peat Van anc i Shuck Hus medal ciectrode under tr SuAbace oh jeg eoater, combining shablizing, bah like elt oma “ve method i: guideble Meet Rod age agent_——— ———— D This metned not Suitable when dhe dis peu! al BIS on organic ligud as considershle ching occu » . \ pDiiteson’s atepoion “Tre sound cover oh hig fewer) are vanally called uihasonic ware, Thae aves OF be. . Produced “then qyinaly Cryptel dike we connected wir % ultrae sone : high Pequency generator. The applicator ob Se for ioe preparation oh. calle! sctuaros “9% wet 5 intoduced by Yworwed_and Users ‘ Varig Subsiances like “ails, Nfs Sut phider, Sulphar , fe grepaaaed orto coltordel help ob Ultrasonic 9 S nord ondes ob meals on b 5 ee vey cong, win He prepared preuipitateot © he 1h pm ® Peptizenion:- The dnpersion of freshly wot an efecholute ‘ ‘ p) Mateval into caltotdal Sohuton by treating P 4h a catudton. Tarun Sie S1642ESSER 8 ‘ : eee rcedainie te waad Named 98 Fephzig Agent” 4, Srammples:- 2) Geshy prepared pee ychonide 9 deniment 4 , cuit Fath, > Redith Brown Soetin Lo ») Reshly Prepared SHarmic Onide o" Areatone : ryan ail, HEL calterdal Se oh stenie ONE 4 i 4 , (A) 2 Frey precipitatedt agst cm bt converted (O80 8 4 Callgidal cetation by adding «Sel artiof WE ‘ > Cas can be pephzed win the help ob HS ‘ @ condensation etre © Gy Exchange of se collsidal SO on in oe Solvent ond poured inte anotner substance "© 14 Stable. 9 fear in onde, “Calledel apie Tiase ane 2 HMR of balances a be prepared by. taking 9 Setuhion ob Sulgtance in which Me in Cro"OS By change of physical stele !~ poasing vapors ob Sadstance Hnnsugl cad cater Chernicad Methods ;- Te frvolve _chernion! exetion in oshich te i Aispernel phat & sporingly Soluble in aed ier) A Double Decompssihin Reaction ~D fs,S3 Sol t= me 85:05 add in het eonken > Cool —> fyeneal SET grdeelly. =~ ne 7 me 24s Ho > Sasuaste with HS—> yell sol of AsSa 'S ~~ ‘obtained ~ fs,0, + 348 ——> Ass + 318° 2 Ceottetd) yallgn Sol Teun Si¢ wae i Q1EN33338E me Potimeny Sulphide Set '- add HO dep by drop SP folarrinnn Artirmoniy Tartana (0.5%) —> "Os saturate Git 4S —> Ore colsvudl sol” ad Hh SbaS3 1 obtained . $ econ ” colte'del So. —och 7 hon) cook ae + 34S ——S + SbiS3 + 2hO Exon) eso C=b0) CHC oW)eooH ora cola! Si I- aWs +50. ——> 240 + 35 Gagour) 69" no FD HS —> bubbled Horau gs @,, weeded ov nthe Adel ° ° ° Bb Ordation » , y Cowiarcing agent)OO!!! STEP ERAMEREADRE Dre tn Be Reduction; For te preg ob Pu/Ag/ Pe/ Fb: ete 7 + 2by > 3 Seu (so) Um + 350! ) crganic Peaurcing ager Agn®s + Tonnic. con alto be uned od —> Sta So Gos So! ; uti, + Tennic Mid ——™ > Bed brydrolysls 1- A calloidel sol” of Fouic hydtronide '> ty beling a dilute soo Fes Rea, + 30 ———> Fels * 3H ped sd Ten Sh Baskets so! Je 50 Diays's aw wlteafiltrahon > © ciectrodialysts ~ a dicgclved Substente, callgdion 7 ales —> Papen Ur sei Sb Fetar — eviutdduce ses 8 Ssseeeeeeseaeteaesiesyvvwbrepentio, ob calluldal Setudfon t 4 > Netygenmar Nature Visit , a = Albay » Mane arte Tn om 9 cateidal caiigative propel? GA Heal eet ; D> colour @ Brownion Movernent ‘ D> chegge on Cellstsl particle G Mectrophovests ; b-yCoagulation -— tro. by electrophoresis 7 ceogstosion by Laas 7 ted by raining “Hoo OFF charged Se! ‘ . Wee by bolling ‘ ° ed by add” ob eleetrolvte : D “protection of callsids (congo eubin Numbex) sug, jh NOR ° D Hetegensus Neywres Coll sidal conatst of “he phase © diapesien meds So! ane heterag em eo 0 Hoo Tawny Sir 8164333327 SG dispersed _ phase jg not vistble mems the diameter caavelengtn Used. SLO = ible ligt uo Ca) ove & Hn WE e ED Visibility “Th a prsside Fic lew than hell the . Sherer waveleng ir {yor VIS Sf diometea lem nae, coavit See os Celteidal particles ore visible aa Technique, het been de paschue yeloped “to deteamine g@ buk Some N: 9 Size and Shape Gp coltewe! 9 > Scanning Electron micasseope (SEM) p> Honsenission" " CTEm) ym Sexening Parsrrission elechon micrscore ly 2= collsdel Paxton Con paws, Harengl ordinary filter Taper but cad pars Hrrorrgle SPm/ Porchmend (rer) ed Ms > Pager9 Surface Tension and Viscosity. of Lyophobic Sols arre | B rot voy dibperent from those of the dicpersion medium 4 but Lyophillic Sole Show higher. viscesity and lsweg Serhace tension in comparision “te 4A aitpersion medium, @ D © Colligative Propedy - colterdlal Particles axe bigger oggrege p So No. ob -paxtictes axe Smaller tron -hue Solution. so +$ p Voue ob Colligasive propedy decrearer, € » © Tyndall Ebpect :- Te 1S defined aa tue scatlewng oh ¢ Plight 0 tne light beam passes Hnrouga a colloid. The y individual Suspension particles Scatter and Yeblect Wight. ) making beam visible. = The amount of SeatHesing depend ome Uv Ob Mgut and the density of particles As with Raylegi Scattering, blue Wight VS Scattered more strongly tran Red - Ngat by tyndall Ebkect. Touin Str B76USSS322 ~ Arotner way -to look a it 15 that longer Qe Wavelength light iS tronsmiHed , while shorter, waveleng ty Wold is reftected by scattering. . Tyndall Eybect was bret observed by Raadogy bud later |} was baat described by 134m Cemtuony Phys John Tyndall. @ The Tyndall Effet ws du Ane fact +nat Colloidal pasch’cles, abso light enagy and han scatter ins all dixection in space. The Scattering ob Nyt illurming tne path oh beam ob light ec———— - — Yc eypect i cbgonved org Ohm tne cho cons / Nae caltgied £ Ton ND tre dramekr oh dispoaed pamcler [5 ret uch Ne Gemalto than jue wevelengtn Ob Ms Inge | NE he Afactive indefidivn ob Me aiaposed —_ ‘le arn must dyer gently he diapexsion re ly : “hors condthon 15 sanshied by Lrorbbic © 1 pr6ys433e 5 uch : ' : ‘ . 4 * ' : ‘ 7 ‘ ~ C > « - 4 ~ /@) : ~ ; "P crample ob Tyndall Ebteur = © rwik Feomsen wpichere appesns Blue when views! YL Se neyeied yu bak leaks fed when viewed! B76 « demarnitted Nig Chet! : ~ < ~ > > > > > WIoWA As die sie th PUdUR is ved tn © biue and finally golden © fined gad oo : ib becomer pusple Ae facrester , yellows ' @ quer caer Se sky ‘ nn Seawader, shy a ails oh emets © vis!EE © D cetera: dheured Mm chyrctall eget J 9 D Brownian movement = Collvidal poschiter are viewed BD Mder a powerbul Ubhamicrescope, colleidal pUCHU es oppeR to be in a State Oh cominusus Zi3-23 motion AamMaananae Ss Yrs metion depend On ? on size oy calieidal ronal size L r ¢ Ne Brownion moverarot ¢ , " yD change on calledel prahcley := celterdl Pastis, olurays . y carry om electric change «Ton sir e6ys233 © a ? exam ple Negadivelt ge ¢ <.Ne] Positively Chenged ried : a. | Metallic Hydroxide. nelals eg, Cor Ag, Au'Sot €3- GCon), . piCort), ond Fe(ons 2 | Baaie dyestuby ey mettylend Melle Sulphider eg AraSe > ; bue gol ShS3, CdS Sos oid dyestuth ey. Coos, 3. | Prptein in Audie Medium cango- ved Sols Sole oh Starch, gum, gelatin « clay, charcoal | eo) | ede , rc one, 9. Ho, Sol “The change on tre Sst particles die if due to one or more Sh tae foltvong TeBsorg See on New fy opprprrrpr rere ee022eee4DY Du ie to Phe presence: ob auiie/ base, roe a aa wa > en + 2 ~ eso Coely chaged) pete 4 n® + to NAL + Pg rect > ott Neo® Gury cherged) a eeeene eee cua ob colloid! calttd = IN end on We pH of Me @ ico-elecic paint cb 2 @ Proteins » re Tae hy charge FP" oa Called "TSO" electric point! solu : above Wis pH, Hrey hove particles He ~“e S cheged belno Hos pH Be ec awa Sie 1623338 ~ . od teoetechic. as callsidel pactidas exist iP ~ © ne on eh Zita fon ble Tey ado red nigel IR Oy @ tre inktuence ob electric eld ~ 2 ercrmgien:- cateidel SF tsovlectnt. pH “ ° Hy ug S38 2 /y) - \\) Corein( Hore) 1-07 eo aie : + : Cretan “ “ 2 ~ ® Due to Stl -Brsscuiation ‘= Oh eqterdel parchive, 200 05m y acog/ dete a eaved in watery onteel OSE hy yp concdode ato foun ynicellen ; spe. gute SHEE ceil be ss chaigel eptnding yc tee chee Pe el W's boned « , . ; oSe ©@are ro preforentiel o8torphion ch fora i= HE Sl poses 4 acquine Ae /-ve charge by preberential adserption ob welve ) ) y fos chen hoo or mme fons axe tot in the ( , re ion cornram » oe renediven, preferentiel adserphron oh: > Hoe callcidal panicles Unually taker place 4 Ge what happens when Agno, ie added to FF solution: ‘ Zs prespioled Age wil eds Tote fore fry arepoaion — | medina. ond —ve ty chuged Collerdal Sol” uot reawtt 4 { happens when KE is added “to Ag NOx Sotution . precipifeted Agi w3ill adc gt ions fiers dlepeaion J colloidal Sol oil! eau, medium and WEY ChAge ©, what hoppers When Fez '> added in het water, Bre for of tue ty chenged So! due to adsorption of, Fe ign Tarun Shy BINS SSS) 2 hy) coher happens hen FOS fs added \-t>/NAOH » fore of ~vtly chaaged Sol dur to adsorption oyeee Y ectrode Double ayer (- The Sunbace ob coltw'dal x wal-ve chavge by selective adsop tion & Sowide, acqpine coming + choge cresqectively 03 stated above. This Nd212A abbas Counter fort freon Hae meditern which om mee second faye ad The combinedion Nearmnd Hae colletdal partive Wdwuble layer! a ae de Weyer (pine) . Wine patertal digg: bY hos ley cr welectrokinelic. potential? _ urea we ay choo layers ob opresite chores Ie called * Helmboly electrode ervetyeat double YAK, fayen mobile) a dibhued xa ts called 0% "Zee Potent! qe competent ob MSY Ue yeloeily aby called peadider DWe dielechic. conak of median 13) eeeeee ee ie appired ze woken electric potenti soludtony °©) Enctephorest elecode. olipyi 3, more foward, one/ ote electrode eteemnt Beld Bo e ccrss “Heo ng in caltordal @ tee collide prachth mnaernent Ob particles Under an capplied S164) © i called * eteeogheresi” Tau St8 > a wohen elechropharenit fee seenent ob padide 1S Prevented ey suitable rears ib te observed -Hrot We caaign mediim begins ts arse electric. bield es, move in aw Phenomenen 1 texmed eaeeoe0/0ce8ec2e0e20e¢e200000000000009020089F @@a ———— oo coagulation /Preuipitetion "~The stability of Wyophobre * an te toe praence ob charge on colloidal past! Th Somehews dhe charge | Bemmoved, Har pahUES quill come nemrer -fo €2Ch other ond Hua Appregres had fi» Or Yloccutate esti and Cette doum under tae bore by Food: mettocls of coagulation > By elechophorest’ > BY mining -hoo ope Charged cols > By Boiling — > By Perictond dialysis bed > By add” of electrolytes SP beady. Schulge Rel According -fo tvs Rute" greater fs BO soe vateney ob Ylocculating F045 char greater is A PO Power to cute precipitation’ AP > B® > phe ©. oe [pele]? > Pod? > SAP > Fiscculatyon valuer~ The “mins cone of an electrolyte 4 Lipi: von OL a wmillimae per lire Tequiked bo come precipitation Ob Sol IN 2 hows. Terun dy #1643333 FS Coaguladion sh Lipphillk Sole: Tere are hoo Facto colich Gre Aerponsible hor -Hre stability of Lyophill’e Sols These fatto axe charge and solvahtn op colterdal Paschictes, asren Hane. hos fates ene Aernoved a Wye phillr: Sls can be coagulated, “Thi rs clone > addition of efechalye ( \a) aa "Suitable Solvenf. CY when Solvents Suck as attohet and acetone ake added to hydrophilic Sola, the dehydaadion bo daperied phare Occurs. Under ths condihon. A smell quantity of can bing ab out coggulasion “ Hei P slectlf : s ® e ® a 8 a qPrefection Of collorelas Lyophillve Sols ane more Stable nan Lyophobie sols. ble Lyophilte coll eval Partreles axe covered by a sheath ob Hae ligurd in Chel rey ane diaperted ( extensively solvated) Liyophillic Coll have o Yerge property To protect Lyophobit Colter when a Lyophillic collerds, Soltis added to phobic colors en byophilire colloid: parch'cles rm Layer axsund Uyophobic partes and teux protedt rine inner part Lyophilt Colts partie, ured for Hos unpose, axe called protechve colts Laophilive Collet differ in Ther protective Fe rmeaatixed in terns aby “Grold Number’ Tower which Grold Number fs defined a Aue no-oh rnilligrams of a Wyophillie, colterels aot coil just prevent Hee Precipitation Ob to vel: gold sete ke add” ob Im Joh Nad Solutfon Teun St ergussSsPz 4— Grold Number Profechie. Colle Gnelesig © ool 9.005 — 4 qald Nembes ¢ peers rest 4 gusnon max > starch oN fro gabon No. Amd oh probective calteids (ing) case Pe ue fais change In Vorenls ly 901% paedele O18 ea: ecting. Power weaoovrrr2,: g9t9777t T77T777RF FPLrIsraeEenulsfon:— There ave higud- hiywd Collwidal Systeve Fe. fae drsperion ob finally divided droplets in note Vaud Ty a mixhine of hus immicuible or partially wevscible Hyatt 1S cheken, a coarse disperaion ob One Uquid in fo other 1s obtained i ofa” emulsion” There ace “hoo Hype, of ewnuion © oil dispersed Mm Water (ofus) [milk vanishing Cres yt aspen er Coles) Poon $ dspoaal dhrperrton Thee rredinen @ wala dispeacd Mh ch (uso) [ gubkr , Cream + dtaperston Steet reat i a Hettd Compunent fe Urea welch berm an intenkau: Him bio sunpended particles and medium ) Detechion ob ewilviog “Toumn sie 2160349509 © Bye tet: wfo (Wo esteuy) ; Olt (cotowred) © viseasity Feri wlo Cgroter viscosity) @ Electrica! Conductivity ( elsy sy Greater conductivity } @® Spreading Text ( volo ey easily Spread) ¢ Emulaifying Agen}: for tne Stablization ob On = - : “ a © Bilution Tet (obo > ennily dille wit wate) (10 Clamntfferdton ob collet, :— a D Mattimoteculay Coltwida!- A lange noob smaller partes of & a svbstence aggngate Rgetha to gum speuta having Site be ‘ in callgida) dimension ( [ev 480 Le) r® Macromstecular Cellsid :-