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Announcement Requesting Note Takers for

Students with Disabilities
There is a student in this class with a disability who works with the
Disability Resource Center (DRC) on campus and needs note-taking
assistance. On behalf of this student and the DRC, I am asking each of
you to consider being a volunteer note taker for this course.
The only qualifications are that the note taker has legible handwriting
or is a proficient typist, plans to attend class regularly, and is willing to
share notes. The DRC can provide a prepaid copy card and information
on copy machine locations, if notes cannot be shared via e-mail.
I will be circulating a sign-up sheet. Please write your name, e-mail
address, and phone number (optional) if you are interested. The
student who needs notes will contact you with additional details.
Thank you very much for your assistance in providing access for one of
your fellow classmates!

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The Science of Nutrition

Chapter 1, Cont.

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Nutrition Research to Determine Nutrient

Needs
• The Scientific Method
̶ Observations 
Testing hypotheses

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More on Research
• Animal versus human research
̶ Pros and cons to both
̶ Both are essential!

• Types of research
̶ Case-control: Identify potential cause
̶ Cohort studies: Investigate consequence
̶ Intervention studies (e.g., clinical trials, animal studies)

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Translating Science
Observations  Research  Conclusions  “Report”

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Peer Review of Experimental Results

• Prior to publishing, other scientists review the study:

̶ To ensure most unbiased, objective findings are published.

• Peer-reviewed journals:
̶ American Journal of Clinical Nutrition
̶ New England Journal of Medicine
̶ Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics Journal

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Evaluating Nutrition Claims, Products, and

Advice
• Are basic principles of nutrition applied?

• When to be wary of a claim or “hype”:

̶ Only advantages are discussed
̶ New or “secret” breakthrough
̶ Claims to “cure” a disease
̶ Sounds too good to be true
̶ Extreme bias against medical community
̶ Testimonials show dramatic results

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Supported by Science!?
• What are the scientific credentials?

• What is the research behind these claims?

̶ Size of study
̶ Duration of study
̶ Type of study

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Buying Nutrition-Related Products

The Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act
(DSHEA, 1994) classified vitamins, minerals, amino
acids, and herbal remedies as “foods” not drugs.
• Restrained the US Food and Drug Administration
(FDA) from rigorous regulation
̶ Do not require FDA approval for marketing
̶ Do not need to be proven safe

• FDA must prove these products are unsafe to

prevent sale.

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Buying Nutrition-Related Products

• Scrutinize nutrition-related product labels.
• Be sure there is scientific proof supporting claims.
• Do not use products for purposes not stated on label.
• Allowed to claim:
̶ General well-being results
̶ How product provides
benefit
̶ How it will affect bodily
structure or function

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Online Nutrition Advice

• American Dietetic Association

̶ www.eatright.org

• US Government Websites:
̶ www.choosemyplate.gov
̶ www.cdc.gov/nutrition

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In-Text Citations
For the Citation assignment and T&S essays:
• AMA Citation Style
̶ Example 1: A review of regulations has been complete
by the WHO. 15
̶ Example 2: The data were as follows 3,4:

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Reference List
For the Citation assignment and T&S essays:
• AMA Citation Style
̶ AuthorLastname FM. Title in sentence case. Abbreviated
NLM Journal Title in Title Case. Year;Vol(Issue): PP-PP. doi
(or accessed date if no doi)
̶ Example:
Ryu MS, Guthrie GJ, Maki AB, Aydemir TB, Cousins RJ.
Proteomic analysis shows the upregulation of erythrocyte
dematin in zinc-restricted human subjects. Am J Clin Nutr.
2012;95(5):1096-1102. doi: 10.3945/ajcn.111.032862.

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Citation Worksheet Assignment

• Canvas>Assigments>Citation Worksheet
̶ Complete the worksheet using the information you
learned by viewing the slides and videos
at: https://libguides.umn.edu/FSCN/1112.
̶ Worth 5 extra credit points
̶ Due: Feb 6, 2019 11:59 PM

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Need Access to Science?

Search Engines of Peer-Reviewed Research & Review
Articles:
• PubMed: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/
• Google Scholar: https://scholar.google.com/

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Appendix of Image
Long Descriptions

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The Scientific Method - Appendix

Scientists consistently follow these steps when testing all types of

hypotheses. Scientists do not accept a nutrition or another
scientific hypothesis until it has been thoroughly tested using the
scientific method.

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Data Supports a Research Hypothesis - Appendix

This diagram shows how various types of research data, including

case-control studies, laboratory animal studies, human studies,
epidemiological studies, and observations support the hypothesis
that obesity leads to the development of type 2 diabetes.

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