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EARTHING SYSTEMS
Presented By:
T.Sidharth Sankar Achary
Regd No-1021106019
7th sem.
Electrical Engg.
CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION.
DIFFERENCE BETWEEN GROUND AND NEUTRAL.
TYPES OF EARTHING SYSTEMS.
TYPES OF GROUNDING.
USES.
CONCEPT OF VIRTUAL GROUND.
MULTIPOINT GROUND.
CONCLUSION.
REFERENCES.
INTRODUCTION
In electricity supply systems, an earthing system defines the
electrical potential of the conductors relative to that of the
Earth's conductive surface.
The choice of earthing system has implications for the safety and
electromagnetic compatibility of the power supply.
A protective earth (PE) connection ensures that all exposed
conductive surfaces are at the same electrical potential as the
surface of the Earth, to avoid the risk of electrical shock if a
person touches a device in which an insulation fault has
occurred. It also ensures that in the case of an insulation fault, a
high fault current flows, which will trigger an over current
protection device (fuse, MCB) that disconnects the power
supply.
A functional earth connection serves a purpose other than
providing protection against electrical shock.
DIFFERENCE BETWEEN
GROUND AND NEUTRAL.
Ground or earth in a mains (AC power) electrical wiring system
is a conductor that exists primarily to help protect against faults
and which in normal operation does not carry current.
Signal grounds serve as return paths for signals and power at low
voltages (less than about 50 V) within equipment, and on the
signal interconnections between equipment.
GENERAL GROUNDING
GENERATOR EARTHING
VIRTUAL GROUND CONCEPT
If two opposite power sources are connected each other by a
conductive medium so that their opposite output quantities are
superposed (summed), zero or reference level result referred to
as virtual ground appears somewhere along the medium.
In this "conflict" point, the efforts of the "fighting" sources are
"neutralized". The process is associated with continuous energy
wasting from both the sources as a result of a continuous energy
flow through the medium.
Shortly, virtual ground phenomenon is summing of opposite
equal quantities associated with continuous energy wasting;
virtual ground represents the result of summing two opposite
equal quantities.
MULTI POINT GROUND
A Multipoint Ground is an alternate type of electrical installation
that attempts to solve the Ground Loop and Mains hum
problem by creating many alternate paths for electrical energy to
find its way back to ground.
The distinguishing characteristic of a multipoint ground is the
use of many interconnected grounding conductors into a loose
grid configuration.
There will be many paths between any two points in a
multipoint grounding system, rather than the single path found
in a star topology ground.
CONCLUSION
Grounding and Earthing systems form the first line
of defense in every type of electrical systems. The
system may be a generator/transformer/housing
installation/generating station/etc. So it is strictly
advised to know the basic concepts of grounding as
far as electrical engg. is concerned.
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