Liverpool Drug Interactions Group

Interactions with Experimental COVID-19 Therapies

Charts updated 12 March 2020 Page 1 of 4
Please check www.covid19-druginteractions.org for updates.
Please note that if a drug is not listed it cannot automatically be assumed it is safe to coadminister. No recommendation to use experimental therapy for COVID-19 is made.
Drug interaction data for many agents are limited or absent; therefore, risk-benefit assessment for any individual patient rests with prescribers.

DRV/c

DRV/c
LPV/r

LPV/r
NITA

NITA
FAVI

FAVI
RDV

CLQ

RBV

RDV

CLQ

RBV
Anaesthetics & Muscle Relaxants Antibacterials
Alcuronium        Amikacin       
Bupivacaine        Amoxicillin       
Cisatracurium        Ampicillin       
Desflurane        Azithromycin       
Dexmedetomidine        Bedaquiline       
Enflurane        Capreomycin       
Ephedrine        Cefalexin       
Etidocaine        Cefazolin       
Halothane        Cefixime       
Isoflurane        Cefotaxime       
Ketamine        Ceftazidime       
Minaxolone        Ceftriaxone       
Nitrous oxide        Chloramphenicol       
Propofol        Ciprofloxacin       
Rocuronium        Clarithromycin       
Sevoflurane        Clavulanic acid       
Sufentanil        Clindamycin       
Suxamethonium (succinylcholine)        Clofazimine       
Tetracaine        Cloxacillin       
Thiopental        Cycloserine       
Tizanidine        Dapsone       
Vecuronium        Delamanid       
Analgesics Doxycycline       
Alfentanil        Ertapenem       
Aspirin        Erythromycin       
Buprenorphine        Ethambutol       
Celecoxib        Ethionamide       
Codeine        Flucloxacillin       
Dextropropoxyphene        Gentamicin       
Diamorphine (diacetylmorphine)        Imipenem/Cilastatin       
Diclofenac        Isoniazid       
Dihydrocodeine        Kanamycin       
Fentanyl        Levofloxacin       
Hydrocodone        Linezolid       
Hydromorphone        Meropenem       
Ibuprofen        Metronidazole       
Mefenamic acid        Moxifloxacin       
Methadone        Nitrofurantoin       
Morphine        Ofloxacin       
Naproxen        Para-aminosalicylic acid       
Nimesulide        Penicillins       
Oxycodone        Piperacillin       
Paracetamol (Acetaminophen)        Pyrazinamide       
Pethidine (Meperidine)        Rifabutin       
Piroxicam        Rifampicin       
Remifentanil        Rifapentine       
Tapentadol        Rifaximin       
Tramadol        Spectinomycin       
Antiarrhythmics Streptomycin       
Amiodarone        Sulfadiazine       
Bepridil        Tazobactam       
Disopyramide        Telithromycin       
Dofetilide        Tetracyclines       
Flecainide        Tinidazole       
Lidocaine (Lignocaine)        Trimethoprim/Sulfamethoxazole       
Mexiletine        Vancomycin       
Propafenone       
Quinidine       

Key to abbreviations Key to symbols

DRV/c Darunavir/cobicistat CLQ Chloroquine  These drugs should not be coadministered
LPV/r Lopinavir/ritonavir NITA Nitazoxanide  Potential interaction - may require close monitoring, alteration of drug dosage or timing of administration
Potential interaction likely to be of weak intensity.
RDV Remdesivir RBV Ribavirin Additional action/monitoring or dosage adjustment is unlikely to be required
FAVI Favipiravir  No clinically significant interaction expected
© Liverpool Drug Interaction Group, University of Liverpool, Pharmacology Research Labs, 1st Floor Block H, 70 Pembroke Place, LIVERPOOL, L69 3GF
We aim to ensure that information is accurate and consistent with current knowledge and practice. However, the University of Liverpool and its servants or agents shall not be responsible or in any way liable for the continued currency of information in
this publication whether arising from negligence or otherwise howsoever or for any consequences arising therefrom. The University of Liverpool expressly exclude liability for errors, omissions or inaccuracies to the fullest extent permitted by law.
 Liverpool Drug Interactions Group

Interactions with Experimental COVID-19 Therapies

Charts updated 12 March 2020 Page 2 of 4
Please check www.covid19-druginteractions.org for updates.
Please note that if a drug is not listed it cannot automatically be assumed it is safe to coadminister. No recommendation to use experimental therapy for COVID-19 is made.
Drug interaction data for many agents are limited or absent; therefore, risk-benefit assessment for any individual patient rests with prescribers.

DRV/c

DRV/c
LPV/r

LPV/r
NITA

NITA
FAVI

FAVI
RDV

CLQ

RBV

RDV

CLQ

RBV
Anti-coagulant, Anti-platelet and Fibrinolytic Anti-diabetics
Acenocoumarol        Acarbose       
Apixaban        Canagliflozin       
Argatroban        Dapagliflozin       
Aspirin (anti-platelet)        Dulaglutide       
Betrixaban        Empagliflozin       
Clopidogrel        Exanatide       
Dabigatran        Glibenclamide (Glyburide)       
Dalteparin        Gliclazide       
Dipyridamole        Glimepiride       
Edoxaban        Glipizide       
Eltrombopag        Insulin       
Enoxaparin        Linagliptin       
Fondaparinux        Liraglutide       
Heparin        Metformin       
Phenprocoumon        Nateglinide       
Prasugrel        Pioglitazone       
Rivaroxaban        Repaglinide       
Streptokinase        Rosiglitazone       
Ticagrelor        Saxagliptin       
Warfarin        Sitagliptin       
Antidepressants Tolbutamide       
Agomelatine        Vildagliptin       
Amitriptyline        Antipsychotics/Neuroleptics
Bupropion        Amisulpride       
Citalopram        Aripiprazole       
Clomipramine        Asenapine       
Desipramine        Chlorpromazine       
Doxepin        Clozapine       
Duloxetine        Fluphenazine       
Escitalopram        Haloperidol       
Fluoxetine        Iloperidone       
Fluvoxamine        Levomepromazine       
Imipramine        Olanzapine       
Lithium        Paliperidone       
Maprotiline        Perazine       
Mianserin        Periciazine       
Milnacipran        Perphenazine       
Mirtazapine        Pimozide       
Nefazodone        Pipotiazine       
Nortriptyline        Quetiapine       
Paroxetine        Risperidone       
Phenelzine        Sulpiride       
Reboxetine        Thioridazine       
Sertraline        Tiapride       
St John’s wort        Ziprasidone       
Tranylcypromine        Zotepine       
Trazodone        Zuclopenthixol       
Trimipramine        Antivirals
Venlafaxine        Darunavir/cobicistat       
Vortioxetine        Lopinavir/ritonavir       
Remdesivir       
Favipiravir       
Chloroquine       
Nitazoxanide       
Ribavirin       
Oseltamivir       

Key to abbreviations Key to symbols

DRV/c Darunavir/cobicistat CLQ Chloroquine  These drugs should not be coadministered
LPV/r Lopinavir/ritonavir NITA Nitazoxanide  Potential interaction - may require close monitoring, alteration of drug dosage or timing of administration
Potential interaction likely to be of weak intensity.
RDV Remdesivir RBV Ribavirin Additional action/monitoring or dosage adjustment is unlikely to be required
FAVI Favipiravir  No clinically significant interaction expected
© Liverpool Drug Interaction Group, University of Liverpool, Pharmacology Research Labs, 1st Floor Block H, 70 Pembroke Place, LIVERPOOL, L69 3GF
We aim to ensure that information is accurate and consistent with current knowledge and practice. However, the University of Liverpool and its servants or agents shall not be responsible or in any way liable for the continued currency of information in
this publication whether arising from negligence or otherwise howsoever or for any consequences arising therefrom. The University of Liverpool expressly exclude liability for errors, omissions or inaccuracies to the fullest extent permitted by law.
 Liverpool Drug Interactions Group

Interactions with Experimental COVID-19 Therapies

Charts updated 12 March 2020 Page 3 of 4
Please check www.covid19-druginteractions.org for updates.
Please note that if a drug is not listed it cannot automatically be assumed it is safe to coadminister. No recommendation to use experimental therapy for COVID-19 is made.
Drug interaction data for many agents are limited or absent; therefore, risk-benefit assessment for any individual patient rests with prescribers.

DRV/c

DRV/c
LPV/r

LPV/r
NITA

NITA
FAVI

FAVI
RDV

CLQ

RBV

RDV

CLQ

RBV
Anxiolytics/Hypnotics/Sedatives Contraceptives/HRT
Alprazolam        Desogestrel (COC)       
Bromazepam        Desogestrel (POP)       
Buspirone        Drospirenone (COC)       
Chlordiazepoxide        Drospirenone (HRT)       
Clobazam        Dydrogesterone (HRT)       
Clorazepate        Estradiol       
Diazepam        Ethinylestradiol       
Estazolam        Etonogestrel (implant)       
Flunitrazepam        Etonogestrel (vaginal ring)       
Flurazepam        Gestodene (COC)       
Hydroxyzine        Levonorgestrel (COC)       
Lorazepam        Levonorgestrel (emergency contrac.)       
Lormetazepam        Levonorgestrel (HRT)       
Midazolam (oral)        Levonorgestrel (implant)       
Midazolam (parenteral)        Levonorgestrel (IUD)       
Oxazepam        Levonorgestrel (POP)       
Temazepam        Medroxyprogesterone (depot inj.)       
Triazolam        Medroxyprogesterone (oral)       
Zaleplon        Norelgestromin (patch)       
Zolpidem        Norethisterone (COC)       
Zopiclone        Norethisterone (HRT)       
Beta Blockers Norethisterone (IM depot)       
Atenolol        Norethisterone(POP)       
Bisoprolol        Norgestimate (COC)       
Carvedilol        Norgestrel (COC)       
Metoprolol        Norgestrel (HRT)       
Nebivolol        Ulipristal       
Oxprenolol        Gastrointestinal Agents
Pindolol        Alosetron       
Propranolol        Antacids       
Timolol        Bisacodyl       
Bronchodilators Cimetidine       
Aclidinium bromide        Cisapride       
Aminophylline        Esomeprazole       
Formoterol        Famotidine       
Glycopyrronium bromide        Lactulose       
Indacaterol        Lansoprazole       
Ipratropium bromide        Loperamide       
Montelukast        Mesalazine       
Olodaterol        Omeprazole       
Roflumilast        Pantoprazole       
Salbutamol        Prucalopride       
Salmeterol        Rabeprazole       
Theophylline        Ranitidine       
Tiotropium bromide        Senna       
Umeclidinium bromide        Gastrointestinal Agents (anti-emetics)
Vilanterol        Aprepitant       
Calcium Channel Blockers Dolasetron       
Amlodipine        Domperidone       
Diltiazem        Dronabinol       
Felodipine        Granisetron       
Nicardipine        Metoclopramide       
Nifedipine        Ondansetron       
Nisoldipine        Prochlorperazine       
Nitrendipine       
Verapamil       

Key to abbreviations Key to symbols

DRV/c Darunavir/cobicistat CLQ Chloroquine  These drugs should not be coadministered
LPV/r Lopinavir/ritonavir NITA Nitazoxanide  Potential interaction - may require close monitoring, alteration of drug dosage or timing of administration
Potential interaction likely to be of weak intensity.
RDV Remdesivir RBV Ribavirin Additional action/monitoring or dosage adjustment is unlikely to be required
FAVI Favipiravir  No clinically significant interaction expected
© Liverpool Drug Interaction Group, University of Liverpool, Pharmacology Research Labs, 1st Floor Block H, 70 Pembroke Place, LIVERPOOL, L69 3GF
We aim to ensure that information is accurate and consistent with current knowledge and practice. However, the University of Liverpool and its servants or agents shall not be responsible or in any way liable for the continued currency of information in
this publication whether arising from negligence or otherwise howsoever or for any consequences arising therefrom. The University of Liverpool expressly exclude liability for errors, omissions or inaccuracies to the fullest extent permitted by law.
 Liverpool Drug Interactions Group

Interactions with Experimental COVID-19 Therapies

Charts updated 12 March 2020 Page 4 of 4
Please check www.covid19-druginteractions.org for updates.
Please note that if a drug is not listed it cannot automatically be assumed it is safe to coadminister. No recommendation to use experimental therapy for COVID-19 is made.
Drug interaction data for many agents are limited or absent; therefore, risk-benefit assessment for any individual patient rests with prescribers.

DRV/c

DRV/c
LPV/r

LPV/r
NITA

NITA
FAVI

FAVI
RDV

CLQ

RBV

RDV

CLQ

RBV
Hypertension / Heart Failure Agents Immunosuppressants
Aliskiren        Adalimumab       
Ambrisentan        Anti-thymocyte globulin       
Amiloride        Azathioprine       
Benazepril        Basiliximab       
Bendroflumethiazide        Belatacept       
Bosentan        Ciclosporin       
Candesartan        Mycophenolate       
Captopril        Sirolimus       
Chlortalidone        Tacrolimus       
Cilazapril        Inotropes & Vasopressors
Clonidine        Adrenaline (Epinephrine)       
Digoxin        Dobutamine       
Dopamine        Noradrenaline       
Doxazosin        Vasopressin       
Enalapril        Lipid Lowering Agents
Eplerenone        Atorvastatin       
Epoprostenol        Bezafibrate       
Eprosartan        Clofibrate       
Fosinopril        Evolocumab       
Furosemide        Ezetimibe       
Hydralazine        Fenofibrate       
Hydrochlorothiazide        Fish oils       
Iloprost        Fluvastatin       
Indapamide        Gemfibrozil       
Irbesartan        Lovastatin       
Isosorbide dinitrate        Pitavastatin       
Ivabradine        Pravastatin       
Labetalol        Rosuvastatin       
Lacidipine        Simvastatin       
Lercanidipine        Steroids
Lisinopril        Beclometasone       
Losartan        Betamethasone       
Macitentan        Budesonide       
Methyldopa        Ciclesonide       
Metolazone        Clobetasol       
Moxonidine        Dexamethasone       
Olmesartan        Fludrocortisone       
Perindopril        Flunisolide       
Prazosin        Fluocinolone       
Quinapril        Fluticasone       
Ramipril        Hydrocortisone (oral)       
Ranolazine        Hydrocortisone (topical)       
Riociguat        Megestrol acetate       
Sacubitril        Methylprednisolone       
Selexipag        Mometasone       
Sildenafil (PAH)        Nandrolone       
Sodium nitroprusside        Oxandrolone       
Spironolactone        Prednisolone       
Tadalafil (PAH)        Prednisone       
Telmisartan        Stanazolol       
Terazosin        Testosterone       
Torasemide        Triamcinolone       
Trandolapril       
Treprostinil       
Valsartan       
Xipamide       

Key to abbreviations Key to symbols

DRV/c Darunavir/cobicistat CLQ Chloroquine  These drugs should not be coadministered
LPV/r Lopinavir/ritonavir NITA Nitazoxanide  Potential interaction - may require close monitoring, alteration of drug dosage or timing of administration
Potential interaction likely to be of weak intensity.
RDV Remdesivir RBV Ribavirin Additional action/monitoring or dosage adjustment is unlikely to be required
FAVI Favipiravir  No clinically significant interaction expected
© Liverpool Drug Interaction Group, University of Liverpool, Pharmacology Research Labs, 1st Floor Block H, 70 Pembroke Place, LIVERPOOL, L69 3GF
We aim to ensure that information is accurate and consistent with current knowledge and practice. However, the University of Liverpool and its servants or agents shall not be responsible or in any way liable for the continued currency of information in
this publication whether arising from negligence or otherwise howsoever or for any consequences arising therefrom. The University of Liverpool expressly exclude liability for errors, omissions or inaccuracies to the fullest extent permitted by law.