Lim File 52/13 Bridges Section Project Note 14A/Q) Pesisnof Piled Abutment for Seismic Forces i.e. Load Combination 6 Lh Iatroduct ion ReE.3 Clause 4.2.6 specified that the nominal seianic coefficient for the assessment of nominal seismic force should be assumed as 0.05 . The calculation is relatively straight forward for the live load and the permanent loads other than the contribution from the soil backfill, because of the interaction with the horizontal earth pressure. Ref. 2, clause 4.3 suggested a general approach together with sone design charts for use by the designer. In order to simplify design procedure, an unified parameter and assumption should he adopted for the design of abutment. The design load effect calculated will be slightly conservative. 2. Design Approach 2... _ Barth Pressure 2.1.1 Fig. 1 shows a typical arrangement of a bridge abutment together with typical values of soil parameters, seismic coefficient, assumed water table ete. to be used for design ns | . fi Abutment hw \. : U 0-0 etl tel bed Pat 1 230 Xs=20 kW/m? K,70.33 Kor0.5Kp=3.0 soil parameter density of ground water = Yuys10 KN/a? seismic coefficient = CF = 0-05 The equivalent surcharge (hs) is given in Ref. 1 Clause 4.1 and Ref. 3 Clause 4.2.62.1.7 Foran abutment supported ona piled foundation, the cpetkicient of earth pressure at rest K should be adopted for the estimation uf the force induced by Soil pressure on the abuement. The earth pressure per meter width of walt acting at depth (h) below formation is given below: (bt + KC soln Yon, Sete Yo = 10h - 5hY Hee P= «Xb = 1th pond oh = ton mys RY 0S Since the earth pressure is calculated for a unit width of the vall, the effect of surcharge should be used with caution, in particuler for the WB equivalent surcharge which only occupies one notional lane of the deck. 2.1.3 Total force at depth h per weter width of wall is given by Lane) © 12h, CeCe, =P) + h, = 1/2h 10h + 1/2h, on. Loh + 10h - Sh) + bP, 2 ate = bY 6 25h? + O.5nn 2.1.4 Bending moment induced at depth h per meter width of wall is given by 5h? x (1/3)h + 2.58? x (1/3IW, + 0.58 n(1/2h) = 1.6703 « 0.838, + 9.250»? 2.2 _Bffect of Earthquake 2.2.1 According to Ref.2, the force induced at the back of the wall fe given by State Gocthpude Sth +e casthineke ‘ P Pe 2022) Yn? Sates ' (Clause 4.6) / ofan Completody wet rete ILE 2 re ¥ Reve Cmserkn ine vt re ee Repke, The value Kgg can be calculated from the equations "Sa Fie dPe or read directly from Fig.20 to Fig.27. Assuning the sane parameters used in section 2.1, Ky, aquals to 0.365,(Fig. 21) and 2 Kye is 0,035.4 the point of pplication of che drew ettece SF the soil is (i/3)h messuced tree formation Level. The teal force due co dynamic effect if CT 2M 2S Ke] pe wn v a SBI ea fo wae penet fener fame SoilThe e€feet of che inerti already been taken into K Hence it is not necess: 108d for che evaluation Summiry of force acting application 4 ef the soil above che pile cap has secount in deriving the coefficient ¥ to consider the soil as a dead of the additional seimic force. aC back of wall and the point of Static £02 pressure Water pr Woore force: ef = 5a? P= 05h, Pk, 5 “0.71 AE Moment My =1.67h? Ms = 0. Combination of forces The equivalent eurcharge ream Surchare eftet Earth gycalce Eo ha Pia. sh? Eesiming Se hy dhown en peje } wy me 0.833 2 3 25h? akg = O.47n) v to be used in conjunction with the loading thee, Scismic combination shall be one thicd of the HA loading (Ref. 1 clause 4 resistance from soil in fe resist the load effect be measured from the top possible removal of the the passive pressure shor since the amount of soil activate the whole passi: Project Note 14/88 is up. for the earthquake force, remain the same. 1), ise. 3.3 KPa. The passive front of the pile cap can be utilitised f. However, the depth should general ly of the pile cap to account for fp soil, In addition, only half of wuld be mobilised as passive resistance Rovenent may not be sufficient to ve pressure, dated to correct the pressure diagram ‘The equations in paragraph 2.3“ Reference 1, “Guide to Retaining Wall Design” CCO, July 1982 - ‘5 Bim ne Dey is Retaining Wall Design Notes” CDP Publication, 7 Ministry of Works and Developments Wellington, New Zealand 3. “CE Manuel Volune V Chapter 4 Structures and Railvay Bridges Desiyn of Highway 4. “Bssaoo: Steel, concrete and composite Bridges, Part 2: 1978" gsi