GK Today May 2018

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Current Affairs Today: Monthly PDF Compilation [May,

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Current Affairs Today: Monthly PDF Compilation [May, 2018]
Contents
......................... . .....................................................................................
Current Affairs – May, 2018: Month Highlights .............................................................................................................................................................. 3
Current Affairs – May, 2018: Datewise Updates ........................................................................................................................................................... 16
May 1, 2018 ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 16
Sikkim’s Pawan Chamling becomes India’s longest-serving Chief Minister ..................................................................................................... 16
Government launches Pilot scheme Procurement of Aggregate Power of 2500 MW for 3 years ............................................................ 16
15th Pravasi Bharatiya Divas to be held in Varanasi in January 2019 ................................................................................................................ 17
HDFC Bank launches interactive humanoid IRA 2.0 in Bengaluru ................................................................................................................... 17
Harimau Shakti 2018: India and Malaysia joint military exercise begins .......................................................................................................... 17
GOBAR-DHAN Scheme launched to promote wealth and energy from waste ............................................................................................. 18
InSight: NASA to launch its first mission to study deep interior of Mars ........................................................................................................ 18
May 2, 2018 ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 19
Government appoints Subhash Chandra Khuntia as new chairman of IRDAI ................................................................................................ 19
NDMA conducts workshop on Disaster Risk Reduction database .................................................................................................................... 19
9th India-Japan Energy Dialogue held in New Delhi ............................................................................................................................................ 20
President to preside over PM-headed panel on Gandhi 150th birth Anniversary .......................................................................................... 20
14 of Indian cities figure in World’s 20 most polluted cities list: WHO ............................................................................................................ 20
National Digital Communications Policy 2018: DoT releases draft Telecom policy ...................................................................................... 21
Core sector growth slows to 4.1% in March 2018 ............................................................................................................................................... 22
South Western Command conducts Exercise Vijay Prahar in Rajasthan ........................................................................................................... 23
May 3, 2018 ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 24
Manufacturing growth improves slightly in April 2018: PMI ............................................................................................................................. 24
Task Force on Establishment of CDRI submits report to MHA ........................................................................................................................ 24
Cabinet approves Restructuring of Indian Bureau of Mines ............................................................................................................................... 24
Cabinet approves accession to WHO protocol to eliminate illicit trade in tobacco products ...................................................................... 25
Pradhan Mantri Vaya Vandan Yojana: Cabinet doubles investment limit for senior citizens ....................................................................... 26
Global warming driving harmful algae growth: Study ......................................................................................................................................... 26
Pradhan Mantri Swasthya Suraksha Yojana: Cabinet approves setting up of 20 AIIMS ............................................................................. 26
Cabinet approves ordinance to amend law for speedy disposal of commercial disputes ............................................................................. 27
India, US hold round 3 of Maritime Security Dialogue in Goa .......................................................................................................................... 27
India and France conduct final phase of Varuna naval exercise near Reunion Island .................................................................................... 27
May 4, 2018 ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 28
CCEA approves financial assistance to sugar mills for clearing cane dues of farmers .................................................................................. 28
3 May: World Press Freedom Day ............................................................................................................................................................................ 29
CCEA renames Multi-sectoral Development Programme as Pradhan Mantri Jan Vikas Karyakram ........................................................ 29
FDI Confidence Index 2018: India ranks 11th ........................................................................................................................................................ 29
Green Revolution-Krishonnati Yojana: CCEA approves continuation of Umbrella Scheme in agriculture sector .................................. 30
CBDT inks 200th Unilateral Advance Pricing Agreement ................................................................................................................................... 31
India emerges as fifth largest military spender in 2017: SIPRI ............................................................................................................................ 32
Meteorological Department issues warning of another dust storm in UP, Rajasthan .................................................................................... 33
EPFO launches View Pension Passbook Service on Umang App ....................................................................................................................... 33
May 5, 2018 ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 34
SWAYAM: Government notifies 75 National Resource Centres for Higher Education faculty .................................................................. 34
GST Council constitutes 2 Group of Ministers on digital payments and Cess on Sugar ............................................................................. 34
Namami Gange Programme: NMCG approves used of GIS technology ......................................................................................................... 35
APSTAR-6C: China launches communication satellite ......................................................................................................................................... 35
GST Council approves simplified tax return filing system ................................................................................................................................... 35
Government launches National Water Informatics Centre .................................................................................................................................. 36
GST Council approves converting GSTN into government owned entity ...................................................................................................... 36
First organised census of Indus Dolphins begins in Punjab ................................................................................................................................. 37
NITI Aayog ink SoI with IBM to develop Precision Agriculture using Artificial Intelligence ...................................................................... 37
May 6-7, 2018 ...................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 37
GravityRAT: Malware allegedly designed by Pakistani hackers became stronger ......................................................................................... 37
InSight Mission: NASA launches robotic lander to explore Mars ...................................................................................................................... 38
Scientists identify key peptide to develop a vaccine for leptospirosis ................................................................................................................ 39
Western Ghats’ forests vital for monsoon rainfall in Tamil Nadu: Study ........................................................................................................ 40
Hidden reserves of water ice discovered under surface of moon ...................................................................................................................... 40
India to host 15th Asia Media Summit ...................................................................................................................................................................... 41
Border Roads Organisation celebrates 58th Raising Day ..................................................................................................................................... 41
May 8, 2018 ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 41
First Apex Conference for CEOs of Smart Cities held in Bhopal ....................................................................................................................... 41
CBDT notifies Protocol amending DTAA between India and Kuwait ............................................................................................................. 42
NITI Aayog ink SoI with Google to help grow AI ecosystem in India ............................................................................................................ 42
Government to set up additional 100 One Stop Centres for women safety ................................................................................................... 43
Bhupathy’s shieldtail: New species of shieldtail snake discovered in Western Ghats ..................................................................................... 43
3rd edition of UNPCAP held in New Delhi ............................................................................................................................................................ 43
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POSHAN Abhiyaan: India inks $200 million loan agreement with World Bank ........................................................................................... 44
Google launches Android Things for IoT platform .............................................................................................................................................. 44
CSWRI scientists comes up with new sheep insemination technique ............................................................................................................... 44
Government to expand Van Dhan Vikas Kendras in Tribal Districts across country .................................................................................... 45
May 9, 2018 ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 45
Business Optimism Index: India slips to 6th position globally in first quarter of 2018 ................................................................................. 45
Arun-3 Hydropower Project: Nepal grants license to India’s Satluj Jal Vidyut Nigam Ltd to generate power ....................................... 45
Naval Commanders’ Conference held New Delhi ................................................................................................................................................ 46
TRAI releases draft of telecom interconnection regulation ................................................................................................................................. 46
Asia Power Index: India ranks fourth in Asia-Pacific region ............................................................................................................................... 47
Madhya Pradesh launches India’s first Integrated Control and Command Centre for its smart cities ..................................................... 47
India, Guatemala ink MoU for expanding cooperation in diplomatic training ............................................................................................... 48
Indian Pharmacopoeia Commission approves modern animal-free testing for drugs .................................................................................. 48
May 10, 2018 ......................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 49
India’s installed clean energy capacity touched 70 GW: Government ............................................................................................................. 49
India to grow 7.4% in 2018: IMF’s Asia & Pacific Regional Economic Outlook report .............................................................................. 49
15th Finance Commission forms constitutes advisory council over terms of reference issue ..................................................................... 50
President Donald Trump withdraws US from Iran nuclear deal ....................................................................................................................... 50
Government approves green licence plates for private electric vehicles ........................................................................................................... 52
Government launches Digital India Internship Scheme portal ............................................................................................................................ 53
Vijay Prahar exercise of Indian Army concludes in Suratgarh, Rajasthan ......................................................................................................... 53
Operation Insaniyat: India sends second relief consignment to Bangladesh for displaced Rohingyas ....................................................... 54
India, Panama sign two agreements ......................................................................................................................................................................... 54
May 11, 2018 .......................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 55
Stanford University to assist UP in combating chronic diseases ......................................................................................................................... 55
6th US-India Aviation Summit held in Mumbai ..................................................................................................................................................... 55
IAF for first time successfully conducts online scheduled test for airmen recruitment ................................................................................. 55
May 11: National Technology Day ............................................................................................................................................................................ 56
Atal Tinkering Marathon: Top 30 Innovations showcased ................................................................................................................................. 56
Rythu Bandhu Scheme: Telangana government launches investment support scheme for farmers ......................................................... 57
Bangabandhu Satellite-1: Bangladesh’s first communication satellite to be launched by SpaceX’s Falcon 9 ........................................... 57
SCO Tourism Ministers’ conference held in Wuhan, China ............................................................................................................................... 57
May 12, 2018 ......................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 58
World’s second oldest rock discovered in Odisha ................................................................................................................................................. 58
12 May: International Nurse Day ............................................................................................................................................................................... 58
India, Nepal flag offs bus service between Janakpur and Ayodhya under Ramayan Circuit ....................................................................... 58
India, Peru signs agreement in field of Renewable Energy .................................................................................................................................. 59
RBI puts Dena Bank under prompt corrective action .......................................................................................................................................... 59
Government to expand Buddhist tourism circuit to 21 more states .................................................................................................................. 60
US cancels NASA’s carbon monitoring project ..................................................................................................................................................... 60
May 13-14, 2018 ................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 60
India was world’s largest remittance-receiving country in 2017: Repot .......................................................................................................... 60
IMD to deploy 30 more doppler radars across India ............................................................................................................................................ 61
Type 001A: China’s first indigenous aircraft carrier begins sea trial ................................................................................................................. 61
ISRO developing environment-friendly propellant ................................................................................................................................................ 62
Indian Army finalises Rs. 15000 crore indigenous ammunition project ........................................................................................................... 63
Nepal to host 2018 BIMSTEC summit .................................................................................................................................................................... 63
UNDP to set up skill development centre in Hyderabad ..................................................................................................................................... 64
Government to link 200 more mandis to eNAM ................................................................................................................................................. 64
May 15, 2018 ......................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 64
Gender bias caused excess deaths of girls under 5: Study .................................................................................................................................. 64
Sulabh International founder Dr Bindeshwar Pathak honoured with Nikkei Asia Prize .............................................................................. 65
Three million new jobs by 2030 to offset employment loss due to rising heat: ILO Report ...................................................................... 65
Indian Army flags of Women Officers’ Mountaineering Expedition to Mt. Bhagirathi-Ii ............................................................................ 66
First all-woman Post Office Passport Seva Kendra starts operations in Phagwara, Punjab ......................................................................... 66
More tests required for release of GM mustard: GEAC ...................................................................................................................................... 66
China launches first India-dedicated investment fund .......................................................................................................................................... 67
4 states, 1 UT sign MoUs for implementation of Ayushman Bharat scheme ................................................................................................. 67
4th meeting of SAWEN held in Kolkata, India ...................................................................................................................................................... 68
Explained: Samarth Scheme ....................................................................................................................................................................................... 69
Government issues National Wind-Solar Hybrid Policy ....................................................................................................................................... 69
Government launches full-fledged Green Skill Development Programme ...................................................................................................... 70
May 16, 2018 ......................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 70
May 15: International Day of Families ...................................................................................................................................................................... 70
NTPC signs MoU with Bihar Government to improve performance of power sector in Bihar ................................................................ 70
India emerges third largest solar market in the world in 2017 ........................................................................................................................... 71
Bharat Inclusion Initiative: IIM Ahmedabad unveils $25 million initiative to fund start-ups ........................................................................ 71
President inaugurates Integrated Centre for Crisis Management for CBRN emergencies at BARC .......................................................... 71

Atal Pension Yojana’s subscriber base crosses 1 crore mark: PFRDA ............................................................................................................... 72
WHO launches REPLACE campaign to eliminate trans-fat in foods by 2023 ................................................................................................ 72
First International Rail Coach Expo held in Chennai, Tamil Nadu .................................................................................................................... 72
May 17, 2018 ......................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 73
Microhyla kodial: New frog species discovered in coastal Karnataka ............................................................................................................... 73
Cabinet approves setting up of Central University in Andhra Pradesh ............................................................................................................. 73
Cabinet approves establishment of National Institute of Mental Health Rehabilitation at Bhopal .............................................................. 73
Cabinet approves strengthening commercial disputes resolution mechanism of CPSEs .............................................................................. 74
Cabinet approves setting up of new AIIMS in Deoghar, Jharkhand ................................................................................................................. 74
BSE becomes first Indian stock exchange to get US SEC’s DOSM recognition ............................................................................................ 75
Pradhan Mantri Krishi Sinchayee Yojana: Cabinet approves Micro Irrigation Fund under NABARD ...................................................... 75
Network for Spectrum Project for Defence Services: CCEA approves enhancement of budget ............................................................... 76
Cabinet approves National Policy on Biofuels, 2018 ............................................................................................................................................ 77
WHO publishes its first Essential Diagnostics List ................................................................................................................................................. 77
May 18, 2018 ......................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 78
President appoints Uttam Pacharne as Chairman of Lalit Kala Akademi ......................................................................................................... 78
RBI tweaks norms for setting up of IFSC Banking Units .................................................................................................................................... 78
India’s economy is projected to grow 7.6% in 2018-19: UN WESP ................................................................................................................ 79
Commerce Ministry establishes Directorate General of Trade Remedies ..................................................................................................... 79
Arsenic Sensor and Removal Media: IISER develops device to detect and remove arsenic from water .................................................. 80
May 19, 2018 ......................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 80
May 18: International Museum Day .......................................................................................................................................................................... 81
Justice Ramalingam Sudhakar sworn-in as Chief Justice of the High Court of Manipur ............................................................................. 81
Government appoints Anil Kumar Jha as CMD of Coal India Limited ............................................................................................................. 81
Sagar cyclonic storm: IMD issues advisory to 5 states and 1 UT ....................................................................................................................... 82
CSTT adopts AYUSH word for scientific and technical purposes .................................................................................................................... 82
Parcel Cargo Express Train connecting northeast to West Coast begins operation ...................................................................................... 82
India’s freshwater stocks in danger: NASA ............................................................................................................................................................. 83
India saw 211 tuberculosis cases per 1,00,000 population in 2016: WHO ...................................................................................................... 83
Supreme Court approves draft Cauvery Management Scheme ......................................................................................................................... 84
May 20, 2018 ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 84
Emergency Summit of OIC held in Istanbul to discuss Israel-Palestine violence ........................................................................................... 84
PM Narendra Modi inuagrates Kishanganga Hydroelectric project in J&K ..................................................................................................... 85
India drags US to WTO over imposition of duties ................................................................................................................................................ 85
IIT Kanpur sets up India’s first advisory centre for energy ................................................................................................................................. 85
Zojila tunnel: PM Narendra Modi launches construction of Asia’s longest road tunnel ............................................................................... 86
UJALA scheme: EESL distributes over 30 crore LED bulbs across the country ............................................................................................. 86
Akademik Lomonosov: Russia unveils world’s first floating nuclear power plant ......................................................................................... 87
May 21, 2018 ......................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 88
e-Visa Scheme: Government earns Rs.1,400 crore ............................................................................................................................................... 88
Queqiao satellite: China launches relay satellite to explore dark side of Moon .............................................................................................. 88
26th BASIC Ministerial Meeting of Environment Ministers held in Durban .................................................................................................. 88
CRPF raises Bastariya Battalion to combat Naxals activities in Bastar region of Chhattisgarh ................................................................... 89
India is 6th wealthiest country in the world ........................................................................................................................................................... 89
Explained: Nipah Virus (NiV) Infection .................................................................................................................................................................... 90
May 22, 2018 ......................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 91
Pakistan named among top 3 sources for money laundering in UK ................................................................................................................. 91
Black Panther: Chhattisgarh to get specialised anti-Naxal combat force .......................................................................................................... 91
Gandiv Vijay: Chetak Corps of South Western Command conduct military exercise in Rajasthan .......................................................... 92
BrahMos supersonic cruise missile successfully test-fired to increase life from 10 to 15 years ................................................................... 92
MCX launches India’s first copper options contracts ........................................................................................................................................... 93
Navika Sagar Parikrama: Indian Navy’s all-women crew completes circumnavigating globe expedition ................................................ 94
Strategic Petroleum Reserve: India receives first crude oil cargo from UAE for Mangalore reserve ........................................................ 95
UDAN scheme: First commercial flight of Arunachal Pradesh lands at Pasighat .......................................................................................... 96
22 May: International Bio-diversity Day .................................................................................................................................................................. 96
May 23, 2018 ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 97
Nidaan: Rajasthan Government launches software for disease monitoring ..................................................................................................... 97
GRACE-FO satellites: SpaceX launches NASA satellites to track Earth’s water Cycle ................................................................................. 97
Oumuamua: Alien asteroid discovered in Solar system ....................................................................................................................................... 97
Ministry of Civil Aviation notifies Draft Passenger Charter ................................................................................................................................ 98
Worsening air quality major cause of premature deaths in India: Study .......................................................................................................... 98
Government releases draft Model Agricultural Produce and Livestock Contract Farming Act, 2018 ...................................................... 99
Election Commission to launch App to help voters to share malpractice proof ........................................................................................... 100
Habitat loss may have triggered Nipah outbreak: WHO report ....................................................................................................................... 100
DAC approves measures to simplify Defence Procurement Procedure ......................................................................................................... 100
India ranks 145th among 195 countries in healthcare access, quality: Lancet Study .................................................................................... 101
May 24, 2018 ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 101
India-Netherlands-Sweden to collaborate for research programme on HIV/AIDS ..................................................................................... 101

NITI Aayog ink SoI with ABB India to provide AI, big data and connectivity solutions ............................................................................ 102
Cabinet approves proposal to set up 4072 towers in Left Wing Extremism Areas ..................................................................................... 102
Former SC judge CK Prasad appointed as Chairman of Press Council of India .......................................................................................... 103
Cabinet approves USOF scheme for Meghalaya under CTDP ......................................................................................................................... 103
Nepal becomes first country in south-east Asia to eliminate Trachoma: WHO ........................................................................................... 103
Pakistan hosted SCO Regional Anti-Terrorist Structure meeting in Islamabad ........................................................................................... 104
India’s first National Sports University in Manipur: Union Cabinet approves ordinance ............................................................................ 104
May 25, 2018 ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 104
INSV Tarini team awarded Nari Shakti Puraskar 2017 ..................................................................................................................................... 104
5th India-CLMV Business Conclave held at Phnom Penh, Cambodia ............................................................................................................. 105
Surya Kiran-XIII: India-Nepal joint battalion level exercise to be held in Uttarakhand ............................................................................... 106
Government reconstitutes FSDC: Includes secretaries from Revenue Department, MeitY, IBC Chairman .......................................... 106
SIDBI, CSC SPV ink MoU to provide financial support to village level entrepreneurs ............................................................................... 106
Government launches Samagra Shiksha scheme to improve quality of school education ......................................................................... 107
15th Finance Commission constitutes high level group for balanced expansion of health sector ............................................................ 108
Singchung Bugun Village Community Reserve wins India Biodiversity Award 2018 ................................................................................. 108
UNICEF launches data visualisation app on education scenario in India ........................................................................................................ 108
US withdraws invitation to Chinese navy to participate in 2018 RIMPAC maritime exercise .................................................................. 109
May 26, 2018 ...................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 109
NIC sets up cloud-enabled National Data Centre in Bhubaneswar ................................................................................................................. 109
India-Netherlands launches Clean Air India Initiative .......................................................................................................................................... 110
May 25: World Thyroid Awareness Day ................................................................................................................................................................ 110
TCS becomes first company to achieve 7 lakh crore market capitalisation milestone ................................................................................ 110
ASEAN India Film Festival held in New Delhi ....................................................................................................................................................... 111
Bangladesh Bhavan inaugurated at Vishwa Bharti University in Santiniketan ................................................................................................. 111
MHA creates Women Safety Division to address issues of women security ................................................................................................... 111
LCU L54: Indian Navy commissions fourth ship of Landing Craft Utility MK-IV ........................................................................................ 112
President appoints new Governors of Odisha and Mizoram .............................................................................................................................. 112
NITI Aayog signs SoI with Sushant Singh Rajput to promote Women Entrepreneurship Platform ......................................................... 113
Patratu Super Thermal Power Project: PM Narendra Modi lays foundation stone in Jharkhand ............................................................. 113
Olga Tokarczuk wins Man Booker International Prize 2018 ............................................................................................................................ 114
Rustom-2 drone to be delivered to armed forces by 2020: DRDO ................................................................................................................. 114
May 27-28, 2018 ................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 114
S-400 Triumf air defence missile systems: India concludes price negotiations with Russia ...................................................................... 114
IMD to team up with BSNL for sending extreme weather warnings .............................................................................................................. 115
Eastern Peripheral Expressway: PM Narendra Modi inaugurates India’s first smart and green highway ................................................ 115
BCCI and UN Environment sign agreement to promote Green Cricket in India ......................................................................................... 116
UNEP recongnises Cochin International Airport as world’s first fully solar energy-powered airport ...................................................... 116
Germany to host first edition of Global Wind Summit ....................................................................................................................................... 117
Tata Trusts signs MoU with Government to provide development support in Naxal-hit districts ........................................................... 117
Colombia joins NATO as global partner ................................................................................................................................................................ 117
NASSCOM establishes India’s second Digital Collaborative Opportunities Plaza in China ........................................................................ 118
May 29, 2018 ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 118
Ex-Chief Justice Nasirul Mulk named as caretaker PM of Pakistan ................................................................................................................. 118
Swadeshi Samriddhi SIM cards: Baba Ramdev’s Patanjali ties up with BSNL ............................................................................................... 118
RBI appoints Sudha Balakrishnan as its first Chief Financial Officer ............................................................................................................... 119
Coast Guards of India and Pakistan hold talks in New Delhi ........................................................................................................................... 119
R K Agrawal appointed President of National Consumer Disputes Redressal Commission ....................................................................... 119
Ruthenium (Ru): Fourth element showing magnetism at room temperature discovered .......................................................................... 120
Gaj Yatra launched in Garo Hills of Meghalaya ................................................................................................................................................... 120
May 30, 2018 ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 120
Management of Widows Home: Ministry of WCD signs MoU with UP Government ............................................................................... 120
India, World Bank ink $21.7 million loan agreement for Rajasthan’s Public Financial Management Project ......................................... 121
PRAAPTI App and Web portal launched to bring transparency in electricity payments to Generators .................................................. 121
TRAI proposes use of blockchain technology to curb spam calls, texts .......................................................................................................... 121
WHO adopts resolution on Digital Health proposed by India ........................................................................................................................... 122
Senior diplomat Pankaj Saran as Deputy National Security Advisor ............................................................................................................... 123
Bihar Government implores Centre for granting the Special Category Status for the state ...................................................................... 123
May 31, 2018 ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 125
4th International Yoga Day Celebrations main event to be held in Dehradun .............................................................................................. 125
IRTC Next Generation e-Ticketing System: Ministry of Railways launches new user interface ............................................................... 125
Mission Raftar: Ministry of Railways organizes one day workshop to raise speed of trains ...................................................................... 125
INDOPACOM: US Pacific Command renamed as Indo-Pacific Command .................................................................................................. 126
Government launches India’s first ever guidelines for Adventure Tourism ................................................................................................... 126
Scientists create world’s first 3D-printed human corneas .................................................................................................................................. 126
Andhra Pradesh notifies new state symbols after bifurcation ............................................................................................................................ 127
Facebook partners with NCW to launch Digital Literacy Programme ........................................................................................................... 127
Upgraded Pinaka rocket successfully test-fired .................................................................................................................................................... 127

Current Affairs – May, 2018: Month Highlights

Persons in News – Appointments / Elections
Pankaj Saran
The Appointment Committee of the Cabinet (ACC) has appointed senior diplomat Pankaj Saran as Deputy
National Security Advisor (NSA). He will have tenure of two years, on deputation basis. In his new role, he will
assist NSA Ajit Doval along with Rajinder Khanna who was appointed as Deputy NSA in January 2018.
R K Agrawal
The Appointments Committee of the Cabinet (ACC) has appointed former Supreme Court Judge Justice R K
Agrawal as President of National Consumer Disputes Redressal Commission (NCDRC).
Sudha Balakrishnan
Reserve Bank of India (RBI) has appointed Sudha Balakrishnan as the first Chief Financial Officer (CFO). She will
be the 12th executive director of the RBI and will have tenure of three years.
Nasirul Mulk
Pakistan’s former Chief Justice Nasirul Mulk was named as country’s caretaker Prime Minister for two-month
period ahead of general elections to be held in July 2018. The job of caretaker Prime Minister is to keep country
running between dissolution of parliament and new government being sworn in.
Sushant Singh Rajput
NITI Aayog has signed Statement of Intent (SoI) with noted media personality and entrepreneurr Sushant Singh
Rajput to collaborate and support its flagship Women Entrepreneurship Platform (WEP) initiative.
Kummanam Rajasekharan and Prof Ganeshi Lal
President Ram Nath Kovind has appointed Kummanam Rajasekharan as Governor of Mizoram and Prof Ganeshi
Lal as Governor of Odisha under Article 153 of the Constitution.
CK Prasad
Government has appointed former Supreme Court Judge CK Prasad as Chairman of Press Council of India (PCI)
for second term. His nomination was approved by three-member committee headed by Vice President Venkaiah
Naidu.
Anil Kumar Jha
The Appointments Committee of the Cabinet (ACC) has appointed Anil Kumar Jha as full time Chairman and
Managing Director (CMD) of Coal India Limited (CIL). He will be in office till January 31, 2020.
Justice Ramalingam Sudhakar
Justice Ramalingam Sudhakar was sworn in as fifth Chief Justice of High Court of Manipur after was appointed by
the President Ram Nath Kovind. He was administered the oath of office by Governor Prof Jagdish Mukhi as per
Article 219 of Constitution.
Uttam Pacharne
President Ram Nath Kovind has appointed Uttam Pacharne as regular Chairman of Lalit Kala Akademi. He will
have tenure of three years from the date on which he assumes the charge of his office.
Subhash Chandra Khuntia
The Appointments Committee of Cabinet (ACC) has appointed former chief secretary of Karnataka, Subhash
Chandra Khuntia as new chairman of Insurance Regulatory and Development Authority of India (IRDAI).
Pawan Chamling
Sikkim’s Pawan Chamling (68) created history by becoming longest-serving Chief Minister in India. He has
completed 23 years, four months and 17 days of uninterrupted service in office. He surpassed earlier record held by
Jyoti Basu, 5-term West Bengal CM who held office for 23 years. Basu was in office from June 21, 1977 to
November 6, 2000.
Science, Technology & Environment
World’s first 3D-printed human corneas
Scientists from Newcastle University, UK have created world’s first 3D printed human corneas (3D printed thin
protective film over eye) that could solve problem of shortage of available eye donors and help millions of blind
people gain sight again.
Blockchain technology to block spams
The Telecom Regulatory Authority of India (TRAI) in its draft Telecom Commercial Communication Customer
Preference Regulation, 2018 has proposed use of blockchain technology to check menace of Unsolicited
Commercial Communication (UCC) or spam calls and messages. This will be for first time, any country will
deploy blockchain technology to check unwanted calls.
Gaj Yatra
Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change (MoEFCC) rolled out ‘Gaj Yatra’, an awareness campaign to
protect elephants from Tura in Garo Hills of Meghalaya. It was organised by the Wildlife Trust of India in

collaboration with the State Forest Department.

Ruthenium (Ru)
Scientists from University of Minnesota, US have discovered that chemical element ruthenium (Ru) is fourth
element to have unique magnetic properties (ferromagnetism) at room temperature. So far only three periodic
table elements Iron (Fe), Cobalt (Co), and Nickel (Ni) have been found to be ferromagnetic at room temperature.
Swadeshi Samriddhi SIM cards
Baba Ramdev’s Patanjali has tied up with state owned Bharat Sanchar Nigam Ltd (BSNL) to launch Swadeshi
Samriddhi SIM cards. With this, India’s most trusted Fast Moving Consumer Goods (FMCG) brand has entered in
to telecom sector after gaining popularity in the consumer goods market.
Global Wind Summit
The first edition of Global Wind Summit will be held in Hamburg, Germany from September 25 to 28, 2018. It
will be largest and most important meeting of the wind industry worldwide. The summit will see participation of
speakers from about 100 countries, including India, China, the US, Spain and Denmark.
Cochin International Airport Ltd (CIAL)
The United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) has recognised Cochin International Airport Ltd (CIAL) in
Kerala as the world’s first fully solar energy-powered airport.
Green Cricket
The Board of Control for Cricket in India (BCCI) has signed Letter of Intent (LoI) with UN Environment to
promote green’ cricket in India. The partnership aims to spread greater awareness about key environmental
challenges India is facing and highlight alternate and more sustainable solutions.
Clean Air India Initiative
India and Netherlands launched Clean Air India Initiative in New Delhi. It aims to curb air pollution in Indian
cities by promoting partnerships between Indian start-ups and companies from Netherlands. It also aims build
network of entrepreneurs working on business solutions for cleaner air.
Singchung Bugun Community Reserve (SBVCR)
Arunachal Pradesh-based NGO Singchung Bugun Community Reserve (SBVCR) won the India Biodiversity
Award 2018 in the “Conservation of wildlife species” category. It was awarded for its efforts to conserve rare
critically endangered bird Bugun Liocichla.
Nipah Virus
According to report by World Health Organisation (WHO), human-triggered factors like habitat loss due to
deforestation and climate change set off infectious outbreaks such as recent Nipah cases in Kerala.
Oumuamua
Scientists have discovered an asteroid named Oumuamua (or (514107) 2015 BZ509) nestling in Jupiter’s orbit that
had migrated from another star system. It makes it first known permanent immigrant to our solar system.
GRACE-FO (Follow-On) Satellites
Elon Musk-led SpaceX has successfully launched twin NASA satellites GRACE-FO (Follow-On) that will track
Earth’s water Cycle i.e. water movement and icemelt. It was launched onbaord of SpaceX’s preflown Falcon 9
Rocket from Vandenberg Air Force Base in California, US.
26th BASIC Ministerial Meeting of Environment Ministers
The 26th BASIC Ministerial Meeting of Environment Ministers was held in Durban, South Africa. The grouping
is a bloc of four countries – Brazil, South Africa, India and China.
Queqiao Satellite
China launched relay satellite named Queqiao (Magpie Bridge) to establish communication link between earth and
its planned Chang’e-4 lunar probe (rover) that will explore the dark side of moon. It was launched as part of
Chinese Lunar Exploration Program (CLEP) onboard of Long March-4C rocket from Xichang launch centre.
Akademik Lomonosov
Russia unveiled world’s first floating nuclear power station named Akademik Lomonosov at port city of
Murmansk. It will be loaded with nuclear fuel at Murmansk and will be towed to port of Pevek in autonomous
Chukotka region in Russia’s far northeast in Arctic Circle region.
Essential Diagnostics List
The World Health Organisation (WHO) has published its first Essential Diagnostics List, a catalogue of tests
needed to diagnose most common diseases along with number of global priority diseases.
Microhyla kodial
Scientists have discovered new frog species named Microhyla kodial or Mangaluru narrow-mouthed frog in a
small industrial region in coastal Karnataka. It is christened Microhyla kodial after city of Mangaluru (called kodial
in Konkani language) from where they spotted it two years ago.

REPLACE Campaign
World Health Organization (WHO) has launched comprehensive plan “REPLACE” to eliminate industrially-
produced artificial trans-fats from global food supply by 2023. The elimination of trans-fats is key to protecting
health and saving lives. REPLACE is abbreviated in six strategic actions as Review, Promote, Legislate, Assess,
Create awareness and Enforce.
Green Skill Development Programme (GSDP)
Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change (MoEFCC) launched full-fledged Green Skill Development
Programme (GSDP). It aims to train over 5.5 lakh workers in environment and forest sectors in the country
through 30 courses by 2021 for sustainable conservation and management of natural resources.
South Asia Wildlife Enforcement Network (SAWEN)
The fourth meeting of South Asia Wildlife Enforcement Network (SAWEN), an inter-governmental wildlife law
enforcement agency was in Kolkata, West Bengal (India) from May 8-10, 2018. It was first meeting of SAWEN to
be held in India since its inception in 2011.
Environment-friendly propellant
Scientists at ISRO’s Liquid Propulsion Systems Centre (LPSC) are developing environment-friendly propellant
propellant blend based on hydroxylammonium nitrate (HAN) to power satellites and spacecraft. It seeks to replace
conventional hydrazine fuel for future missions.
NASA’s carbon monitoring project
US President Donald Trump’s administration has cancelled NASA’s Carbon Monitoring System (CMS)
programme citing reasons of budget constraints and higher priorities within science budget. It was also in line
with Donald Trump’s latest broad attack on climate science.
World’s second oldest rock discovered in Odisha
Scientists have discovered world’s second oldest grain of magmatic zircon (a mineral that contains traces of
radioactive isotopes) from Champua from Singhbhum rock sample in Odisha’s Kendujhar district. It is an
estimated 4,240 million years old, making it world’s second oldest rock ever to be discovered. It is oldest magmatic
zircon on earth.
Bangabandhu-1
Bangladesh’s first communication satellite Bangabandhu-1 will be launched by SpaceX’s Falcon 9 rocket from
Kennedy Space Center Launch Complex 39A. It is designed to provide wide range of broadcast and
communication services throughout Bangladesh.
Green licence plates
Ministry of Road Transport and Highways (MoRTH) has approved green licence plates bearing numbers in white
fonts for private e-vehicles and yellow for taxis to promote electric vehicles (e-vehicles) in India. The purpose
behind distinctive green number plates is easy identification of electric vehicles for preferential treatment in
parking, free entry in congested zones besides other proposed benefits like concessional toll.
India’s installed clean (renewable) energy
According to Ministry of New and Renewable Energy (MNRE), India’s installed clean (renewable) energy capacity
has already touched 70 Gigawatts (GW) and 38 GW is under implementation. This shows that India is
progressing fast in areas of renewable energy and it is committed to meeting target of having 175 GW renewable
energy (100GW Solar, 60 GW Wind, 10 GW Biomass and 5 GW Hydro) by 2022.
Indian Pharmacopoeia 2018
Indian Pharmacopoeia Commission (IPC) has in its 2018 edition of Indian Pharmacopoeia approved modern,
animal-free tests for drug manufacturers. It will spare animals from suffering due to drug experiments.
Laparascope-assisted insemination technique for sheep breeding
Scientists at Central Sheep and Wool Research Institute (CSWRI), Avikanagar, Rajasthan have come up with new
laparascope-assisted insemination technique for sheep breeding. It is minor invasive laparascopic technique
involves passing rigid fibre-optic laparoscope into abdomen through small incision. Using it, reproductive tract of
sheep is located through camera and frozen semen is deposited into uterus.
Android Things
Alphabet Inc’s Google launched Android Things (codenamed Brillo), a variant (or spinoff) of Android operating
system for Internet of Things (IoT) devices such as smart home appliances and other smart machines. Its goal is to
enable IoT machines developers to be built faster, cheaper and more secure.
Bhupathy’s shieldtail
Scientists have discovered a new species of shieldtail snake named Bhupathy’s shieldtail from the Western Ghats in
Tamil Nadu. It is presently only known to exist in Anaikatty hills of Tamil Nadu which is dominated by deciduous

type of vegetation.
NITI Aayog and Google
The NITI Aayog has signed Statement of Intent (SoI) with search engine giant Google to work together to foster
growth for India’s nascent artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) ecosystem,
Moganite
Scientists from Tohoku University in Japan have found mineral called moganite in lunar meteorite that point to
presence of abundant hidden reserves of water ice under the surface of the moon. The mineral discovered in a
desert in northwest Africa could be potentially useful for future human exploration of moon.
InSight (Interior Exploration using Seismic Investigations, Geodesy and Heat Transport) Mission
NASA launched first-ever InSight (Interior Exploration using Seismic Investigations, Geodesy and Heat
Transport) lander dedicated to exploring the deep interior of Mars. It was launched aboard United Launch
Alliance (ULA) Atlas V rocket from Space Launch Complex-3 at Vandenberg Air Force Base in California. The
rocket also launched two mini-spacecraft called Mars Cube One (MarCO) — MarCO-A and MarCO-B.
Precision Agriculture using AI
NITI Aayog has signed Statement of Intent (SoI) with IBM to develop crop yield prediction model using Artificial
Intelligence (AI) to provide real time advisory to farmers in Aspirational Districts. The partnership aims to work
together towards use of technology to provide insights to farmers to improve soil yield, crop productivity, control
agricultural inputs with overarching goal of improving farmers’ incomes.
First organised census of Indus Dolphins
Punjab government along World Wildlife Fund (WWF)-India are conducting first organised census of Indus
Dolphins, one of the world’s rarest mammals found only in India and Pakistan. The organised census aims at
conservation of the species.
APSTAR-6C
China successfully launched “APSTAR-6C”, a new communication satellite into orbit. It was launched onboard of
Long March-3B carrier rocket from Xichang Satellite Launch Center. This was overall 273rd mission of Long
March rocket series. Both satellite and rocket were developed by China Aerospace Science and Technology
Corporation.
Interactive Robotic Assistant (IRA) 2.0
HDFC Bank has launched Interactive Robotic Assistant (IRA) 2.0, an interactive humanoid at its Koramangala
Branch in Bengaluru, Karnataka. The interactive humanoid aims to enhance user experience for customers
visiting in this branch.
Events & Observances

May 25: World Thyroid Awareness Day
The World Thyroid Day is observed every year on May 25 to spread awareness of thyroid health and educating
about prevention and treatment of thyroid diseases.
22 May: International Bio-diversity Day
The International Bio-diversity Day is observed every year on 22 May to increase understanding and awareness of
biodiversity issues. The theme this year is ‘Celebrating 25 Years of Action for Biodiversity’.
May 18: International Museum Day
The International Museum Day is observed on May 18 across the world to raise awareness on how important
museums are in the development of society. The 2018 theme was ‘Museums and Hyper Communication – New
Approaches and New Public‘.
International Rail Coach Expo (IRCE)
The first-ever International Rail Coach Expo (IRCE) was in Chennai, Tamil Nadu from 17th to 19th May 2018 to
focus on Rail Coaches and train sets. Many reputed rail car and equipment builders showcased their technology
and products in this expo.
May 15: International Day of Families
The International Day of Families is observed every year on 15th of May across world to promote awareness of
issues relating to families and increase knowledge of social, economic and demographic progression that affects
families which are the basic unit of society.
12 May: International Nurse Day
The International Nurse Day (IND) is observed every year on May 12 across world to mark the birth anniversary

of Florence Nightingale, the founder of modern nursing, and also mark contribution of nurses towards the society.
May 11: National Technology Day
National Technology Day is being observed across India on May 11 to mark India’s technological advancements
and to promote the development of technology in various fields. The official theme for this year is “Science and
Technology for a Sustainable Future”.
15th Asia Media Summit
India is going to host 15th Asia Media Summit (AMS-2018) in New Delhi from May 10-12, 2018. The summit is
being organised by Asia-Pacific Institute for Broadcasting Development (AIBD) in collaboration with its partners
and international organisations.
May 3: World Press Freedom Day
May 3 is celebrated as World Press Freedom Day every year to celebrate fundamental principles of press freedom
as well as to evaluate freedom of press around the world. It serves as occasion to defend media from attacks on
their independence and to pay tribute to journalists who died while doing their profession.
15th Pravasi Bharatiya Divas
The 15th Pravasi Bharatiya Divas will be held in holy city if Varanasi (Uttar Pradesh) from January 21 to January
23, 2019. Its theme will be “Role of Indian Diaspora in building a New India”. The mega event will be organised by
Ministry of External Affairs (MEA) in association with Uttar Pradesh government.
Defence Related
Upgraded Pinaka Rocket
Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) has successfully test-fired upgraded guided version of
Pinaka Rocket from Proof & Experiment Establishment (PXE) at Chandipur, Odisha. During the tests, two rounds
were conducted and some more rounds have been planned.
INDOPACOM
United States has renamed its oldest and largest stragically important military command US Pacific Command
(PACOM) to Indo-Pacific Command (INDOPACOM). The decision was taken in recognition of growing
importance of Indian Ocean in US strategic thinking. The Trump administration already has renamed Asia Pacific
as Indo-Pacific and identified India as one bookend of the region.
S-400 Triumf air defence missile systems
India has concluded price negotiations with Russia for deal to procure S-400 Triumf air defence missile systems
for Indian Air Force (IAF). They also have finalised financial component nearly Rs 40,000 crore of the deal.
Rustom-II UAV
Indigenously developed Rustom-II Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) by Defence Research and Development
Organisation (DRDO) will be delivered to armed forces by 2020 as per the contract.
LCU L54
Indian Navy inducted Landing Craft Utility MK-IV LCU vessel L54 at Port Blair, Andaman & Nicobar Island. It is
fourth of total eighth Mark IV LCU vessels to be inducted into Indian Navy.
RIMPAC 2018
United States had withdrawn invitation to Chinese navy to participate in 2018 Rim of the Pacific (RIMPAC)
maritime exercise. The withdrawal was in response China’s continued illegal militarisation of islands in disputed
South China Sea.
Surya Kiran 2018
The thirteenth edition of India-Nepal joint military exercise will be conducted at Pithoragarh, Uttarakhand from
30 May to 12 June 2018. The joint military exercise aims to further enhance and strengthen level of defence
cooperation between the two neighbouring nations.
INSV Tarini
India’s Navy all six women crew of INSV Tarini who completed India’s first all-women circumnavigation
expedition of the globe was conferred prestigious Nari Shakti Puraskar 2017.
Defence Procurement Procedure
The Defence Acquisition Council (DAC) chaired by Union Defence Minister Nirmala Sitharaman has approved
various measures to simplify Defence Procurement Procedure (DPP). DAC is Defence Ministry’s highest decision-
making body on capital procurement of Indian Armed Forces (Army, Navy and Air Force).
BrahMos supersonic cruise missile
BrahMos supersonic cruise missile was successfully test-fired from mobile launcher from Integrated Test Range
(ITR) at Balasore (Chandipur), Odisha to validate some new features aimed at increasing its life from 10 to 15
years.

Gandiv Vijay military exercise

Chetak corps of South Western Command of Indian Army conducted military exercise Gandiv Vijay in Mahajan
field firing ranges of Rajasthan. The exercise was conducted two months to validate their operational plans of
Chetak corps and concluded on May 23, 2018.
Black Panther
Chhattisgarh will get specialised anti-Naxal combat force called Black Panther on the lines of the Greyhounds unit
of Telangana and Andhra Pradesh. It was announced by Union Home Minister Rajnath Singh after chairing
meeting on Left-Wing Extremism (LWE). Currently, training is being imparted for personnel who will be part of
Black Panther elite force.
Bastariya Battalion
The Central Reserve Police Force (CRPF) has commissioned special unit called Bastariya Battalion (numbered
241) to combat Naxals activities in Bastar region of Chhattisgarh. This is for first time CRFP has raised special
battalion that includes local representation to enhance combat capabilities in Naxal-hit area of Bastar district.
Integrated Centre for Crisis Management (ICCM)
President Ram Nath Kovind inaugurated Integrated Centre for Crisis Management (ICCM) at Bhabha Atomic
Research Centre (BARC) in Mumbai, Maharashtra. The ICCM will help nation to respond more effectively to
chemical, biological, radiological and nuclear (CBRN) emergencies. It will monitor radiological data from a
network of 504 radiation sensors across the country.
Indigenous ammunition project
Indian Army has finalised Rs. 15,000-crore indigenous ammunition project under which range of ammunition for
its critical weapons and tanks will be produced indigenously. It is claimed to be biggest ever initiative for
indigenisation of ammunition. It aims to overcome long delays in imports and address problem of dwindling
stockpile.
Type 001A
China’s first domestically manufactured aircraft carrier known only as “Type 001A” started sea trials from Dalian
port in Liaoning province. The ship’s engine, propulsion and navigation systems will be tested at sea for first time,
a year after it was officially launched.
Vijay Prahar exercise
Indian Army’s month long Vijay Prahar exercise concluded in Suratgarh, Rajasthan. It was conducted by South
Western Command of Indian Army. The month-long exercise was aimed to orchestrate wide spectrum of threats
including Nuclear, Chemical or Biological (NCB) attack which are planned to be tackled through high tempo joint
air and land operation.
Naval Commanders’ Conference
The first edition of this year’s bi-annual Naval Commanders’ Conference was held in New Delhi from 8 to 11 May
2018. It discussed aspects concerning country’s maritime security, analyse mission-based deployments and larger
issues of geo-strategic Indian Ocean Region (IOR), a region witnessing increasing Chinese presence.
UN Peacekeeping Course for African Partners
The third edition of United Nations Peacekeeping Course for African Partners (UNPCAP) was held in New Delhi
from May 7 to 25, 2018. The course was conducted by Centre for United Nations Peacekeeping in India (CUNPK)
in partnership with United States.
Border Roads Organisation (BRO)
Border Roads Organisation (BRO) celebrated its 58th Raising Day on 7 May 2018. BRO is leading government
organisation in arena of infrastructural development in the border areas of the country. Since its inception in
1960, it has grown from 02 to 19 projects. The works executed by it have ensured territorial integrity and socio-
economic upliftment of most inaccessible regions of country.
India emerges as fifth largest military spender in 2017
According to recently released report of Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (SIPRI), India has
emerged as fifth largest military spender in 2017. India had spent $63.9 billion on defence in 2017, an increase of
5.5% compared with 2016, when it was in the sixth spot overall.
Varuna naval exercise 2018
Indian and French navies conducted final and third phase of Varuna naval exercise 2018 near Reunion Island in
Indian Ocean region (IOR) to enhance their operational coordination. In the final phase, both navies simulated
different possible scenarios such as asymmetric warfare and tested their air defence capabilities.
India-US Maritime Security Dialogue
India and United States held the third round of the India-US Maritime Security Dialogue in Goa from April 30 to

May 1, 2018 focussing on cooperation and developments in the Indo-Pacific region.

HARIMAU SHAKTI 2018
The first ever bilateral joint military training exercise HARIMAU SHAKTI 2018 between India and Malaysia
began in dense forests of Sengai Perdik, Hulu Langat, Malaysia. The exercise aims at bolstering cooperation and
coordination between armed forces of both nations.
Finance, Business and Economy

Digital Collaborative Opportunities Plaza (SIDCOP) platform
India’s National Association of Software and Services Companies (NASSCOM) has established second Digital
Collaborative Opportunities Plaza (SIDCOP) platform in Guiyang, China. It is India’s second IT corridor in China
to provide Indian IT firms access to growing Chinese software market. The first corridor Digital Collaborative
Opportunities Plaza (SIDCOP) platform was established in Chinese port city of Dalian.
Tata Consultancy Services (TCS)
Tata Consultancy Services (TCS), the country’s most valued and largest IT outsourcing company created history
by becoming first Indian company to reach Rs. 7 lakh crore market capitalisation (m-cap) milestone.
Financial Stability and Development Council (FSDC)
The Union Government has reconstituted Financial Stability and Development Council (FSDC) to include
secretaries from revenue department as well as Ministry of Information Technology (MeitY). It will include
Chairman of the Insolvency and Bankruptcy Board of India (IBBI). This decision will make FSDC more broad-
based to incorporate changes in economic regulatory framework of the country.
5th India-CLMV Business Conclave
The 5th India-CLMV (Cambodia, Lao PDR, Myanmar and Vietnam) Business Conclave was held at Phnom Penh,
Cambodia. It was jointly organised by Ministry of Commerce & Industry along with Ministry of Commerce of
Cambodia. The Confederation of Indian Industry (CII) is institutional partner of the event.
India’s first copper options contracts
India’s largest commodities exchange platform, Multi Commodity Exchange of India Limited (MCX) launched
country’s first copper options contracts. The option contract will provide physical market participants additional
instrument to hedge their price risk.
India is sixth wealthiest country in the world
According to AfrAsia Bank Global Wealth Migration Review, India is the sixth wealthiest country in the world
with total wealth of $8,230 billion. US is richest nation globally with total wealth of $62,584 billion. Total wealth
refers to private wealth held by all individuals living in each country. It includes all their assets (cash, equities,
property, business interests) less any liabilities. It excludes government funds.
Directorate General of Trade Remedies
Union Ministry of Commerce and Industry issued notification for creation of Directorate General of Trade
Remedies (DGTR) in Department of Commerce. In this regard amendments were made in Government of India
(Allocation of Business) Rules, 1961.
BSE Ltd
BSE Ltd (earlier known as Bombay Stock Exchange) became first Indian exchange to be designated as Designated
Offshore Securities Market (DOSM) by US Securities and Exchange Commission (US-SEC).
Bharat Inclusion Initiative
Indian Institute of Management Ahmedabad’s (IIMA’s) centre for innovation, incubation and entrepreneurship
(CIIE) has launched $25 million ‘Bharat Inclusion Initiative’ to fund start-ups.
India third largest solar market in world
According to recently released report by Mercom Communications, India emerged as third largest solar market in
world in 2017 behind China and United States. Mercom Communications India is arm of global clean energy
consulting firm Mercom Capital Group.
China launches first India-dedicated investment fund
The Industrial and Commercial Bank of China (ICBC), a top state-run Chinese bank has launched China’s first
India-dedicated publicly offered investment fund. The fund has been named as Industrial and Commercial Bank
Credit Suisse India Market Fund. ICBC is the largest in the world with over $3.6 trillion in assets.
India was world’s largest remittance-receiving country in 2017
According to recently released report ‘RemitSCOPE – Remittance markets and opportunities – Asia and the
Pacific’, India was largest remittance receiving country in the world with US $69 billion in 2017.
RBI puts Dena Bank under prompt corrective action
Reserve Bank of India (RBI) has put state-run lender Dena Bank under prompt corrective action (PCA)

framework. It has barred Dena Bank from extending fresh credit in view of deteriorating financial health due to
mounting non-performing assets (NPAs) and mounting losses. It makes Dena Bank first lender to face curbs on
lending under PCA framework.
India to grow 7.4%: IMF
The International Monetary Fund (IMF) in its Asia and Pacific Regional Economic Outlook report has reaffirmed
that India will be the fastest growing major economy in 2018, with growth rate of 7.4% and 7.8% in 2019.
Asia Power Index
India was ranked fourth out of 25 nations in Asia-Pacific region in the inaugural Asia Power Index released by
Australian think tank Lowy Institute.
Global Business Optimism Index
India was ranked 6th on Global Optimism Index released as part of Grant Thornton’s International Business
Report (IBR) in the first quarter of 2018. The report was prepared based on the results of a survey of 2,500
businesses in 37 economies.
India-Kuwait DTAA
The Central Board of Direct Taxes (CBDT) has notified protocol to amend existing Double Taxation Avoidance
Agreement (DTAA) between India and Kuwait. The DTAA between both countries was signed in June 2006 for
the avoidance of double taxation and for prevention of fiscal evasion with respect to taxes on income.
Advance Pricing Agreement
The Central Board of Direct Taxes (CBDT) has entered into 200th Unilateral Advance Pricing Agreement
(UAPA) after it singed one in April 2018. With the signing of this, CBDT has achieved another milestone of
having signed its 200th UAPA.
FDI Confidence Index 2018
India was ranked 11th position in the FDI Confidence Index 2018 released by global consultancy firm A T
Kearney. It has slipped by three notches in 2018 as it was ranked 8th in 2017 and 9th in 2016. This is first time
India fell out of the top 10 since 2015.
Manufacturing growth improves slightly in April 2018: PMI
The Nikkei India Manufacturing Purchasing Managers’ Index (PMI) rose to 51.6 in April 2018 form from 51 in
March 2018. It indicates faster improvement in health of India’s manufacturing economy than in prior month.
Core sector growth slows to 4.1% in March 2018
According to index of eight core industries released by Ministry of Commerce and Industry, core sector growth in
March 2018 slowed to 4.1%, a three-month low due to weak performance in six sectors. These sectors are coal,
crude oil, natural gas, refinery products, steel and electricity.
Government Policy and Schemes

Digital Literacy Programme
Social networking giant Facebook has partnered with National Commission for Women (NCW) to launch Digital
Literacy Programme to train women on safe use of internet and social media.
Mission Raftaar
Ministry of Railways conducted one day workshop Mission Raftaar aimed at raising average speed of freight trains
and coaching trains in New Delhi. It was attended by all members of Railway Board along with General Managers
of Zonal Railways & Senior Railway officers were present on occasion.
Next Generation e-Ticketing (NGeT) System
Ministry of Railways has launched new user interface of its Next Generation e-Ticketing (NGeT) System on
Indian Railway’s Online Travel Portal (www.irctc.co.in). Through NGeT system, Indian Railways new online
ticket booking system provides user-friendly, easy and fast way of booking rail tickets by automating journey
planning and purchase of tickets.
PRAAPTI App and Web Portal
The Union Ministry of Power has launched web portal (www.praapti.in) and app namely PRAAPTI (Payment
Ratification And Analysis in Power procurement for bringing Transparency in Invoicing of generators). The
webportal and app aims to bring transparency in power purchase transactions between Generators and Discoms.
Rajasthan’s Public Financial Management Project
Union Government has signed agreement for IBRD Credit of US $21.7 Million from World Bank for
Strengthening of Public Financial Management in Rajasthan Project.
Transformation of aspirational districts Programme
Tata Trusts has signed MoU with Government to provide development support in eight worst Naxal-affected
districts in Chhattisgarh. These eight worst Naxal-affected districts are covered under Transformation of

aspirational districts Programme of NITI Aayog.

Women Safety Division
The Ministry of Home Affairs (MHA) has created Women Safety Division to address issues related to security of
women comprehensively amid rising concerns over women safety. The division will deal with all aspects of
women safety in coordination with relevant ministries, departments and state governments.
National Data Centre
National Informatics Centre (NIC) has set up cloud-enabled National Data Centre at Bhubaneswar, Odisha. It will
offer round-the-clock operations with secure hosting for e-governance applications of ministries and departments.
It is fourth cloud-enabled National Data Centre of NIC after Delhi, Hyderabad and Pune.
Samagra Shiksha scheme
The Union Ministry of Human Resource Development (HRD) launched Samagra Shiksha scheme to improve
quality of school education. The scheme aims at improving quality of education, enhancing learning outcomes and
using technology to empower children and teachers.
India’s first national sports university
The Union Cabinet has approved an ordinance to set up the country’s first national sports university in in Imphal
(west), Manipur. The ordinance is on the lines of National Sports University Bill, 2017 which is pending in
Parliament (introduced in Lok Sabha in August, 2017).
Comprehensive Telecom Development Plan (CTDP) Project
Union Cabinet has approved implementation of Comprehensive Telecom Development Plan (CTDP) Project for
North Eastern Region (NER) in Meghalaya to improve mobile services. The project has provision of 2G and 4G
mobile coverage in identified uncovered areas of Meghalaya and seamless mobile coverage along National
Highways in state.
4072 towers in Left Wing Extremism Areas
Union Cabinet has approved Ministry of Home Affairs’ (MHA’s) proposal of setting up 4,072 mobile towers to
improve telecom connectivity network in Left Wing Extremism (LWE) Areas. This network would be used by
security personnel deployed in LWE affected areas.
Healthcare access and quality (HAQ) index
India ranked 145th among 195 countries in terms of Healthcare access and quality (HAQ) index in the year 2016,
behind its neighbours like China, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka and Bhutan. The index was released as part of Global
Burden of Disease study released by Lancet, one of the world’s oldest and best known peer-reviewed general
medical journal.
Model Code of Conduct Violation Reporting App
Election Commission of India (ECI) is launching multi-lingual mobile application called Model Code of Conduct
Violation Reporting App ahead of the 2019 Lok Sabha polls. The app aims at empowering people across the
country to share evidence of malpractice by political parties, their candidates and activists directly with ECI.
Draft Passenger Charter
The Union Ministry of Civil Aviation has notified Draft Passenger Charter defining rights for air passengers. It
aims to improve hassle-free air travel experience of air passengers in the country.
Nidaan Software
Rajasthan Government has launched new software called Nidaan for disease monitoring and strengthening tele-
medicine services in the government hospitals. The software will help for providing presumptive diagnosis and
monitoring of seasonal and non-communicable diseases as well as trends of ailments found in specific areas.
UDAN scheme
The first commercial flight (42-seater ATR aircraft of the Alliance Airlines) of Arunachal Pradesh under UDAN
scheme landed at Pasighat airport or Advance Landing Ground (ALG) in East Siang district. This historic moment
puts border state on the aviation map of the country.
Strategic Petroleum Reserve (SPR)
India received first consignment of 2 million barrels of crude oil from United Arab Emirates (UAE) for its strategic
petroleum reserve (SPR) at Mangaluru (on west coast), Karnataka. This first consignment from UAE fill one of
two strategic reserve caverns at Mangaluru under agreement between Indian Strategic Petroleum Reserves Ltd
(ISPRL) and Abu Dhabi National Oil Company (ADNOC).
e-Visa scheme
According to Ministry of Home Affairs (MHA), Government has earned Rs.1,400 crore as revenue from highly
successful e-Visa scheme since its launch in 2014. 19 lakh tourists made use of e-Visa scheme in 2017 and fees are
divided into four slabs of zero, $25, $50 and $75, which were fixed on reciprocity and depending on nationality.

UJALA scheme
State run Energy Efficiency Services Ltd (EESL) has distributed over 30 crore light emitting diode (LED) bulbs
across country under zero-subsidy Unnat Jyoti by Affordable LEDs for All (UJALA) scheme. The distribution of
30 crore LED bulbs has led to energy savings of over 38,952 million kWh, annually, amounting to energy savings
of Rs. 15,581 crore.
Zojila tunnel project
Prime Minister Narendra Modi inaugurated construction of Rs 6,809 crore Zojila tunnel project in Jammu and
Kashmir’s Leh. It will be India’s and Asia’s longest and strategic bi-directional road tunnel, which will provide all-
weather connectivity between Jammu and Kashmir’s Srinagar, Kargil and Leh.
Kishanganga Hydroelectric Project
Prime Minister Narendra Modi inaugurated 300 MW Kishanganga Hydroelectric Project in Bandipora District of
Jammu & Kashmir. He also laid foundation stone of 1000 MW capacity Pakal Dul Power Project.
Cauvery Management Scheme
Supreme Court has approved Centre’s draft Cauvery Management Scheme for smooth distribution of water
among four southern riparian states/UT viz. Karnataka, Tamil Nadu, Kerala and Puducherry. It ordered Central
Government to notify the scheme before the monsoons.
Parcel Cargo Express Train
Northeast Frontier Railway of Indian Railway has started operating one lease Parcel Cargo Express Train (PCET)
connecting northeastern part of the country to West Coast on fortnightly basis. It was launched on line of
Government’s priority to provide connectivity to northeast region and empowering local industries of this region.
National Policy on Biofuels, 2018
The Union Cabinet has approved National Policy on Biofuels – 2018 in order to promote biofuels in the country.
Biofuels in India are of strategic importance as it augers well with ongoing initiatives of Government such as Make
in India, Skill Development and Swachh Bharat Abhiyan.
Network For Spectrum (NFS) project
The Cabinet Committee on Economic Affairs (CCEA) has given its approval for enhancement of budget by
Rs.11,330 crore for Network For Spectrum (NFS) project. It aims at laying alternate communication network for
Defence Services.
Micro Irrigation Fund (MIF)
The Cabinet Committee on Economic Affairs (CCEA) approved initial corpus of Rs.5,000 crore for setting up of
dedicated Micro Irrigation Fund (MIF) in NABARD (National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development)
under Pradhan Mantri Krishi Sinchayee Yojana (PMKSY).
Pradhan Mantri Swasthya Suraksha Yojana (PMSSY)
The Union Cabinet has approved setting up of a new All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS) in Deoghar,
Jharkhand under Pradhan Mantri Swasthya Suraksha Yojana (PMSSY).
National Institute of Mental Health Rehabilitation (NIMHR)
The Union Cabinet has approved establishment of National Institute of Mental Health Rehabilitation (NIMHR) at
Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh. NIMHR, Bhopal. It will be first of its kind institute in country in area of mental health
rehabilitation.
Atal Pension Yojana (APY)
According to Pension Fund Regulatory and Development Authority (PFRDA), the subscriber base of Atal Pension
Yojana (APY) has crossed 1 crore subscribers mark since its launch in May 2015. Till date, the scheme has
collected Rs. 3,950 crore of contribution from subscribers. It has generated around 9.10% compounded annual
growth rate (CAGR) since inception till March 2018.
National Wind-Solar Hybrid Policy
Ministry of New and Renewable Energy has issued National Wind-Solar Hybrid Policy with an aim to boost
renewable power generation by promoting new projects as well as hybridisation of existing ones. Government is
also going to launch scheme for new hybrid projects under this policy.
Samarth Scheme
It is scheme of Ministry of Textiles, approved by Cabinet Committee on Economic Affairs (CCEA) in December
2017. Its broad objective is to skill the youth for gainful and sustainable employment in textile sector covering
entire value chain of textiles, excluding spinning and weaving.
Ayushman Bharat scheme
Four States and one Union Territory have signed first MoU with National Health Mission, Government of India
for implementing Ayushman Bharat-Pradhan Mantri Rashtriya Swasthya Suraksha Mission (PMRSSM). These

states/UTs are Himachal Pradesh, Haryana, Jammu & Kashmir, Uttarakhand and Chandigarh (UT).
eNAM
Union Government is going to link additional 200 wholesale mandis to online trading platform eNAM (electronic
National Agriculture Market) this fiscal (2018-19) and also encourage inter-mandi transactions.
Rythu Bandhu Scheme
Telangana government has launched Rythu Bandhu (friend of farmers) Scheme, an investment support scheme to
support livelihood of farmers. It is first of its kind investment support scheme for farmers to be launched by any
state in India.
Digital India Internship Scheme
The Union Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology (MeITY) has launched the website of Digital
India Internship Scheme. The portal will facilitate students to apply online for internship.
India’s first Integrated Control and Command Centre for smart cities
Bhopal Smart City Development Corporation Ltd. (BSCDCL) has launched India’s first cloud-based Common
Integrated Data Centre, Disaster Recovery Centre and Integrated Control and Command Centre (ICCC). It is
powered by Hewlett Packard (HP) Enterprise’s Universal Internet of Things (IoT) Platform.
Draft Telecommunication Interconnection (Amendment) Regulations 2018
The Telecom Regulatory Authority of India (TRAI) issued draft Telecommunication Interconnection
(Amendment) Regulations 2018 to amend interconnect regulations, proposing certain changes in terms and
conditions for operators to seek fresh call connect ports from other telecom operators.
Van Dhan Vikas Kendras
The Ministry of Tribal Affairs (MoTA) is going to expand Van Dhan Vikas Kendras in tribal districts across the
country. About 3000 such kendras are proposed to be set up in two years in all forested Tribal Districts. Initially, it
will be taken up on priority in 39 districts with more than 50% tribal population and then gradually will be
expanded to other Tribal Districts across the country.
POSHAN Abhiyaan
The Union Government has signed $200 million loan agreement with World Bank for National Nutrition
Mission (POSHAN Abhiyaan) for 315 districts across all states and union territories. The loan proceeds will be
used for reducing stunting in children 0-6 years of age from 38.4% to 25% by 2022 under POSHAN Abhiyaan.
100 One Stop Centres (OSCs)
Ministry of Women and Child Development (WCD) in its Programme Approval Board (PAB) meeting has
approved setting up additional 100 One Stop Centres (OSCs) for women affected by violence. These OSCs will be
set up in Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Mizoram, Nagaland, Odisha, Tamil Nadu
and Uttar Pradesh.
GST Network (GSTN)
The 27th meeting of GST Council chaired by Finance Minister Arun Jaitley has approved proposal of converting
GST Network (GSTN) into government entity from current private entity status by taking over stakes held by
private entities. Following the move, central government will own 50% in GSTN and the remaining will be
collectively held by state governments.
Simplified tax return filing system
The Goods and Services Tax (GST) Council in its 27th meeting chaired by Union Finance Minister Arun Jaitley
announced new and simplified return filing process. It was approved based on recommendations of Group of
Ministers on IT simplification for GST implementation.
Namami Gange programme
National Mission for Clean Ganga (NMCG) has partnered with board Survey of India, to facilitate the Ganga
rejuvenation task under Namami Gange programme by using Geographic Information System (GIS) technology.
Through the project, NMCG aims to strengthen planning and implementation at national, state and local levels.
SWAYAM Platform
Ministry of Human Resource Development (HRD) launched initiative of online professional development of 1.5
million higher education faculty using massive open online course (MOOC) platform SWAYAM. Under its first
phase of implementation, 75 discipline-specific National Resource Centres (NRCs) have been identified.
View Pension Passbook Service
Retirement fund body Employees’ Provident Fund Organisation (EPFO) has launched View Pension Passbook
Service for pensioners on Umang App. This facility was launched part of EPFO’s plan to go paperless by August
this year and provide all services online.
Green Revolution – Krishonnati Yojana
Cabinet Committee on Economic Affairs (CCEA) has approved continuation of Umbrella Scheme, Green

Revolution – Krishonnati Yojana in agriculture sector beyond 12th Five Year Plan from 2017-18 to 2019-20. The
Umbrella scheme comprises of 11 Schemes and Missions.
Pradhan Mantri Jan Vikas Karyakram
The Cabinet Committee on Economic Affairs (CCEA) has approved proposal for renaming and restructuring of
Multi-sectoral Development Programme (MsDP) as Pradhan Mantri Jan Vikas Karyakram (PMJVK). It also has
approved its continuation during the remaining period of the 14th Finance Commission.
The Union Cabinet chaired by Prime Minister Narendra Modi has approved plan to set up 20 All India Institute of
Medical Sciences (AIIMS) across the country and upgrade 73 medical colleges. The decisions are part of the
Pradhan Mantri Swasthya Suraksha Yojana (PMSSY), which has been extended by two years till 2020 with
financial outlay of Rs.14,832 crore.
Pradhan Mantri Vaya Vandana Yojana (PMVVY)
The Union Cabinet has approved doubling of investment limit from Rs 7.5 lakh to Rs 15 lakh under Pradhan
Mantri Vaya Vandana Yojana (PMVVY). It also extended time limits for subscription from ay 2018 to March,
2020. These decisions were taken as part of Government commitment to financial inclusion and social security.
WHO Framework Convention on tobacco control
The Union Cabinet has given approval to accede to Protocol under World Health Organization (WHO)
Framework Convention on tobacco control to eliminate illicit trade in tobacco products. It will be applicable to
both smoking and chewing or smokeless tobacco (SLT) forms as negotiated and adopted under Article 15 of WHO
Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (WHO FCTC). India is a party to WHO FCTC.
Draft National Digital Communications Policy, 2018
The Department of Telecommunications (DoT) has released draft of new Telecom policy – National Digital
Communications Policy, 2018. The policy seeks to unlock transformative power of digital communications
networks to achieve the goal of digital empowerment and well-being of the people of India.
GOBAR-Dhan Yojana
The Ministry of Drinking Water & Sanitation has launched GOBAR (Galvanizing Organic Bio-Agro Resources) –
DHAN scheme at National Dairy Research Institute (NDRI) Karnal. It was launched under Swachh Bharat Mission
(Gramin) by Union Minister for Drinking Water and Sanitation Uma Bharti.
Pilot Scheme for Procurement of Aggregate Power
Ministry of Power has launched Pilot Scheme for Procurement of Aggregate Power of 2500 MW on competitive
basis for 3 years. The main purpose of scheme is to revive commissioned power plants which are unable to sell
electricity in absence of valid power purchase agreements (PPAs).
Awards
Olga Tokarczuk
Polish author Olga Tokarczuk (56) awarded Man Booker International Prize 2018. It makes her first writer from
Poland to win this prestigious English-language literary award.
Dr Bindeshwar Pathak
The founder of Sulabh International, Dr Bindeshwar Pathak was honoured with the Nikkei Asia Prize in Japan for
his contribution to Asia’s development. Dr Pathak was described as Indian social reformer tackling two of his
country’s biggest challenges — poor hygiene and discrimination. He was among three who were conferred with
this award.
Miscellaneous Terms and Facts

New state symbols of Andhra Pradesh
State bird: Rose-ringed parakeet (Psittacula krameri). Locally known as Rama Chiluka.
State tree: Neem ( Azadirachta indica). Locally known Vepa Chettu.
State animal: Black-buck (Antilope cervicapra). Locally known as Krishna Jinka.
State flower: Jasmine (Jasminum officinale).
Guidelines for Adventure Tourism
The Union Ministry of Tourism for first time issued guidelines for Adventure Tourism in India in an effort to
make adventure sports safer.
Resolution on Digital Health
The 71st World Health Assembly held in Geneva, Switzerland has adopted resolution on Digital Health. The
resolution was initiated by India and was co-sponsored by 20 countries. The World Health Assembly is highest
decision-making body of World Health Organization (WHO). Its 71st session was attended by delegations from all

WHO member states.

Colombia
Colombia has formally joined North Atlantic Treaty Organization as global partner. It makes it first Latin
American to join NATO. The announcement came after Organization for Economic Cooperation and
Development (OECD) approved Colombia as a new member.
Eastern Peripheral Expressway
Prime Minister Narendra Modi inaugurated India’s first smart and green highway-135 km long Kundli-
Ghaziabad-Palwal (KGP) Expressway also known as Eastern Peripheral Expressway (EPE). The expressway was
completed in record time of about 500 days against target of 910 days at a cost of nearly Rs 11,000 crore.
Patratu Super Thermal Power Project
Prime Minister Narendra Modi laid foundation stone for first phase (2400MW) of NTPC’s coal based Patratu
Super Thermal Power Project in Jharkhand. The project is 74: 26 Joint Venture between Government of
Jharkhand (GoJ) and Patratu Vidyut Utpadan Nigam Ltd. (PVUN), a subsidiary company of NTPC. The
Engineering, Procurement & Construction (EPC) contract of project is awarded to BHEL.
Bangladesh Bhawan
Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi and his Bangladesh counterpart Sheikh Hasina inaugurated Bangladesh
Bhawan at Vishwa Bharti University in Santiniketan.
ASEAN India Film Festival
ASEAN India Film Festival was held in New Delhi from May 25 to 30, 2018. It was organised by Ministry of
External Affairs (ASEAN Multilateral Division) as part of the series of events to commemorate 25 years of ASEAN
and India relations.
Data Visualisation App
The UNICEF (United Nations Children’s Emergency Fund) launched Data Visualisation App to provide user-
friendly visual representation of complex analytics of education scenario in India. It was developed with technical
inputs from the UNICEF, in collaboration with National Council for Educational Research and Training
(NCERT) and National Institute of Education Planning and Administration (NIEPA).
Model Agriculture Produce and Livestock Contract Farming and Services (Promotion & Facilitation) Act
The Union Ministry of Agriculture and Famers Welfare has unveiled Model Agriculture Produce and Livestock
Contract Farming and Services (Promotion & Facilitation) Act, 2018 to ensure better price to farmers. It is aimed
at reducing farmers’ risks by creating assured market for their produce at pre-agreed price, while encouraging
investment from agribusiness and food processing industries by enhancing productivity and cost efficiency.
SCO Regional Anti-Terrorist Structure meeting
Pakistan hosted its first ever Shanghai Cooperation Organisation-Regional Anti-Terrorist Structure (SCO-RATS)
legal experts meeting in Islamabad. This was the first-ever SCO meeting being held in Pakistan since it became a
permanent member of the organisation along with India in June 2017.
AYUSH Word
Commission for Scientific and Technical Terminology (CSTT) adopted word ‘AYUSH’ in Hindi and English
languages for scientific and technical purposes. The decision follows a proposal from Ministry of AYUSH in this
regards. AYUSH word has become popular as acronym for five traditional and complementary systems of
medicine, namely Ayurveda, Yoga & Naturopathy, Unani, Siddha and Homoeopathy.
Sagar Cyclone
The India Meteorological Department (IMD) issued advisory to Tamil Nadu, Kerala, Karnataka, Goa,
Maharashtra and Lakshadweep archipelago (UT) over cyclonic storm ‘Sagar’. The cyclonic storm was developed as
low pressure area in Arabian Sea which gained strength and intensified into depression and later into a cyclone
‘Sagar’.
BIMSTEC summit 2018
Nepal is going to host 2018 Bay of Bengal Initiative for Multi-Sectoral Technical and Economic Cooperation
(BIMSTEC) summit. It was announced by Nepal’s Prime Minister KP Sharma Oli during his meeting with Indian
Prime Minister Narendra Modi in Kathmandu (capital city ).
Operation Insaniyat
India has sent Bangladesh its second relief consignment under Operation Insaniyat to help tens of thousands of
displaced Rohingya Muslims who fled Myanmar into Bangladesh following military crackdown in violence-hit
Rakhine state.
India, Panama sign two agreements
India and Panama have signed two agreements on exemption of Visas for holders of Diplomatic and Official

Passports and in the field of Agriculture.

Operation Insaniyat
India has sent Bangladesh its second relief consignment under Operation Insaniyat to help tens of thousands of
displaced Rohingya Muslims who fled Myanmar into Bangladesh following military crackdown in violence-hit
Rakhine state.
Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA)
United States President Donald Trump unilaterally withdrew US from historic 2015 Iran nuclear deal or Joint
Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA) deal signed between Iran and P5+1 countries.
India-Guatemala Diplomatic cooperation
India and Guatemala have signed pact for strengthening diplomatic cooperation through Respective Foreign
Service Institutes in educational field.
Arun-3 Hydropower Project
Nepal Government has granted power generation licence to Indian government-owned subsidiary Satluj Jal
Vidyut Nigam Ltd (SJVNL) from a 900-megawatt (MW) Arun-3 Hydropower Project located in eastern Nepal.
9th India Japan Energy Dialogue
The 9th India Japan Energy Dialogue was held in New Delhi. Both countries issued Joint Statement at conclusion
of the meeting, agreeing to work together for energy security, energy access and climate change issues.
Disaster Risk Reduction database
The National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA) conducted two-day National Workshop on Data
Requirements for Disaster Risk Reduction Database in New Delhi. The workshop was held in collaboration with
United Nations International Children’s Emergency Fund (UNICEF), UN Development Programme (UNDP) and
UN International Strategy for Disaster Reduction (UNISDR).
Current Affairs – May, 2018: Datewise Updates
May 1, 2018
Sikkim’s Pawan Chamling becomes India’s longest-serving Chief Minister
May 1, 2018
Sikkim’s Pawan Chamling (68) created history by becoming longest-serving Chief Minister in India.
He has completed 23 years, four months and 17 days of uninterrupted service in office. He surpassed
earlier record held by Jyoti Basu, 5-term West Bengal CM who held office for 23 years. Basu was in
office from June 21, 1977 to November 6, 2000.
Pawan Chamling
Pawan Chamling was born on September 22, 1950, at Yangang, South Sikkim. He had dropped out of
school after matriculation. He took his plunge into politics at age of 22 during the time when
negotiations were underway for merger of the kingdom of Sikkim with India. He started his active
political career at age of 32. He was elected aspresident of Yangang Gram Panchayat in 1982. In 1985,
he was elected to the Sikkim Legislative Assembly for the first time. He had served as Minister for
Industries, Information and Public Relations from 1989 to 1992 in Nar Bahadur Bhandari cabinet in
the state. After a series of political upheavals in Sikkim, he formed Sikkim Democratic Front (SDF) in
1993. He was sworn in as chief minister of Sikkim for the first time on December 12, 1994 and now
has been in office for fifth consecutive term.
Government launches Pilot scheme Procurement of Aggregate Power of 2500 MW for 3 years
May 1, 2018
Ministry of Power has launched Pilot Scheme for Procurement of Aggregate Power of 2500 MW on
competitive basis for 3 years. The main purpose of scheme is to revive commissioned power plants
which are unable to sell electricity in absence of valid power purchase agreements (PPAs).
Key Facts
Under this scheme, these plants will be allowed to bid for power supply. Under it, power will be
procured from generators with commissioned projects under medium term but without Power
Purchase Agreement.
PFC Consulting Limited (a wholly owned subsidiary of state-run Power Finance Corporation) has
been appointed as Nodal Agency and PTC India Limited as aggregator.
PTC India will sign three-year (mid-term) Agreement for power procurement with successful bidders
and Power Supply Agreement with Discoms. Under pilot scheme, a single entity can be allotted
maximum capacity of 600 MW.

The scheme will assure minimum off-take of 55% contracted capacity. The Tariff will be fixed for 3
years without any escalation. This scheme is expected to revive power demand which has affected
generators not having Power Purchase Agreements.
Significance
The scheme will help nearly 12 GW commissioned thermal power plants get medium-term power
purchase agreement (PPA) which is pre-requisite for getting coal linkage. Presently out of 40 GW
stressed coal based power generation capacity, 28 plants of 24 GW worth Rs 1.44 lakh crore are
commissioned. Nearly half of these capacities (12 GW) do not have coal linkage because of no PPAs.
15th Pravasi Bharatiya Divas to be held in Varanasi in January 2019
May 1, 2018
The 15th Pravasi Bharatiya Divas will be held in holy city if Varanasi (Uttar Pradesh) from January 21
to January 23, 2019. Its theme will be “Role of Indian Diaspora in building a New India”. The mega event
will be organised by Ministry of External Affairs (MEA) in association with Uttar Pradesh
government. It will be inaugurated by Prime Minister Narendra Modi and his Mauritian counterpart
Pravind Jugnauth.
Pravasi Bharatiya Divas
Pravasi Bharatiya Divas is celebrated every year in India on 9 January. The day also commemorates
return of father of nation Mahatma Gandhi from South Africa in Mumbai (then Bombay) on January
9, 1915. The day is celebrated to mark contribution of overseas Indian community to the development
of India.
The day was formally established in 2003. Celebrations of the day are sponsored by Ministry of
Overseas Indian Affairs and Federation of Indian Chambers of Commerce and Industry (FICCI),
Confederation of Indian Industry (CII). The 14th Pravasi Bharatiya Diwas was held in Bengaluru
(Karnataka) with theme “Redefining Engagement with the Indian Diaspora”.
HDFC Bank launches interactive humanoid IRA 2.0 in Bengaluru
May 1, 2018
HDFC Bank has launched Interactive Robotic Assistant (IRA) 2.0, an interactive humanoid at its
Koramangala Branch in Bengaluru, Karnataka. The interactive humanoid aims to enhance user
experience for customers visiting in this branch.
IRA 2.0
HDFC Bank has developed IRA 2.0 in collaboration with its technology partners Invento Makerspaces
and Senseforth Technologies. IRA 2.0 is more advance than first version IRA 1.0. It is blend of IRA 1.0
and Electronic Virtual Assistant (EVA), HDFC’s virtual bank assistant with some added features. It
can interact customers, answer their bank-related queries, frequently asked questions (FAQs) and
also guide them inside branch with voice-based navigation. It design has incorporated learning from
first version IRA 1.0 to meet customer expectations.
IRA 1.0
HDFC was first bank in India to introduce humanoid IRA 1.0 for customer service at Kamala Mills
Branch in Mumbai in January 2o18. Currently, IRA 1.0 is stationed at Palarivattom Branch in Kochi.
IRA 1.0 is GPS enabled indoor humanoid. It has speech recognition module that can be trained to
understand what customers speak and uses ultrasonic sensor to move in inside branch. It has face
detection algorithm for recognition customers.
Electronic Virtual Assistant (EVA)
Its virtual assistant launched by HDFC on Amazon Alexa and Google Assistant to enable simplicity
and convenience of voice conversation to banking transactions. It makes HDFC first bank to offer
voice banking experience on Alexa. It is integrated with bank’s chat engine EVA for natural language
processing (NLP) to better understand customers’ queries.
Harimau Shakti 2018: India and Malaysia joint military exercise begins
May 1, 2018
The first ever bilateral joint military training exercise HARIMAU SHAKTI 2018 between India and
Malaysia began in dense forests of Sengai Perdik, Hulu Langat, Malaysia. The exercise aims at
bolstering cooperation and coordination between armed forces of both nations. It also seeks to share
expertise of both contingents in conduct of counter insurgency operations in jungle terrain. This is
for first time joint training exercise of this magnitude between Indian and Malaysia is being held on

Malaysian soil.
Key Facts
The exercise will be held from 30 April 18 to 13 May 2018. In it, Indian contingent is represented by 4
GRENADIERS, one of the oldest infantry battalions having rich operational experience in
conventional as well as counter insurgency warfare. Malaysian contingent is represented by soldiers
from 1 Royal Ranjer Regiment and Royal Malay Regiment, known for their experience in Jungle
Warfare.
The focus of exercise is on tactical operations in jungle warfare. It involves cross training phase
followed by field training phase of seven days in jungles of Hulu Langat wherein both armies will
jointly train, plan and execute series of training activities. Overall, the exercise will provide excellent
opportunity to armies of both countries to hone their operational skills and also contribute to
enhance strategic partnership between India and Malaysia.
GOBAR-DHAN Scheme launched to promote wealth and energy from waste
May 1, 2018
The Ministry of Drinking Water & Sanitation has launched GOBAR (Galvanizing Organic Bio-Agro
Resources) – DHAN scheme at National Dairy Research Institute (NDRI) Karnal. It was launched
under Swachh Bharat Mission (Gramin) by Union Minister for Drinking Water and Sanitation Uma
Bharti.
Key Facts
The GOBAR-DHAN Scheme aims to positively impact village cleanliness and generate wealth and
energy from cattle and organic waste. It also aims at creating new rural livelihood opportunities and
enhancing income for farmers and other rural people. Under it, villagers will be mobilized to create
self-help groups (SHGs) and creative societies that will help in clean energy and green jobs initiative.
The scheme focuses on managing and converting cattle dung and solid waste in farms to useful
compost, biogas and bio-CNG, thus keeping villages clean, increasing income of rural households and
generation of energy from cattle waste. It is an important element of ODF-plus strategy under
Swachh Bharat Mission (Gramin). The scheme envisages implementation of 700 bio-gas units in
different states of the country in 2018-19.
Background
Swachh Bharat Mission (Gramin) comprises two main components for creating clean villages. They
are creating open defecation free (ODF) villages and managing solid and liquid waste in villages. The
Ministry of Drinking Water & Sanitation now is focusing on ODF-plus activities, including measures
to enhance solid and liquid waste management after over 3.5 lakh villages, 374 districts and 16
States/UTs of the country were declared ODF.
Significance of Scheme
It will be hugely beneficial for country as India is home to highest cattle population in world which
produces around 3 million tonnes of dung. It will encourage farmers to consider dung and other
waste not just as waste but as source of income.
It will provide many benefits to rural people by keeping villages clean and sanitized, improving
livestock health and increasing farm yields. Under it, biogas generation will help to increase self-
reliance in energy utilized for cooking and lighting.
It will augment income of farmers and cattle herders. It will create new opportunities for jobs linked
to waste collection, transportation, biogas sales etc.
It will also provide stable fuel supply in market for oil companies and accessible credit in market
through government schemes and banks for entrepreneurs.
InSight: NASA to launch its first mission to study deep interior of Mars
May 1, 2018
NASA will launch its first-ever mission InSight (Interior Exploration using Seismic Investigations,
Geodesy and Heat Transport) to study the deep interior of Mars on May 5, 2018. It will be launched
from Space Launch Complex-3 at Vandenberg Air Force Base in California aboard United Launch
Alliance (ULA) Atlas V rocket. The rocket will also launch two mini-spacecraft called Mars Cube One
(MarCO) which is NASA’s technology experiment.
InSight Mission
InSight is stationary lander that will be first NASA mission since Apollo moon landings to place

seismometer, a device that measures quakes on soil of another planet. It has been envisaged as part
of NASA’s Discovery Program mission that aims to place stationary lander equipped with
seismometer and heat transfer probe on surface of Mars to study red planet’s early geological
evolution.
InSight is terrestrial planet explorer that will address one of most fundamental issues of planetary
and solar system science. It will help in understanding processes that shaped rocky planets of inner
solar system (including Earth) more than four billion years ago. Its instruments include seismometer
to detect marsquakes and probe that will monitor flow of heat in planet’s subsurface.
The robotic lander will perform a radio science experiment to study internal structure of Mars by
deploying seismometer and a burrowing heat probe. It will measure Mar’s vital signs such as pulse
(seismology), temperature (heat flow probe) and reflexes (precision tracking). It will let scientists
understand how different its crust, mantle and core are from Earth.
MarCO
MarCO consists of two briefcase-sized CubeSats that will fly on their own path to Mars behind
InSight. It will be first test of CubeSat technology in deep space or at another planet. They are
designed to test new communications and navigation capabilities for future missions and may aid
InSight communications but is independent of InSight mission. If successful, MarCOs will offer new
kind of communication capability to deep space missions to Earth.
May 2, 2018
Government appoints Subhash Chandra Khuntia as new chairman of IRDAI
May 2, 2018
The Appointments Committee of Cabinet (ACC) has appointed former chief secretary of Karnataka,
Subhash Chandra Khuntia as new chairman of Insurance Regulatory and Development Authority of
India (IRDAI). He will succeed TS Vijayan whose five-year term ended in February 2018. He will have
tenure of period of three years from the date of joining. Subhash Chandra Khuntia is 1981-cadre IAS
official from Karnataka,
Insurance Regulatory and Development Authority of India (IRDAI)
IRDA is an apex statutory body that regulates and develops insurance industry in India. It was
constituted as per provisions of Insurance Regulatory and Development Authority Act, 1999. Its
headquarter is in Hyderabad.
Functions of IRDA
Protect the rights of insurance policy holders.
Provide registration certification to life insurance companies
Renew, modify, cancel or suspend this registration certificate as and when appropriate; promote efficiency in
conduct of insurance business
Promote and regulate professional organisations connected with insurance and reinsurance business; regulate
investment of funds by insurance companies
Adjudication of disputes between insurers and intermediaries or insurance intermediaries.
NDMA conducts workshop on Disaster Risk Reduction database
May 2, 2018
The National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA) conducted two-day National Workshop on
Data Requirements for Disaster Risk Reduction Database in New Delhi. The workshop was held in
collaboration with United Nations International Children’s Emergency Fund (UNICEF), UN
Development Programme (UNDP) and UN International Strategy for Disaster Reduction (UNISDR).
Key Facts
The workshop aimed to develop consensus on disasters, thresholds and develop standardised
templates for data collection, updation and validation to ensure accuracy and quality. It held
discussions on issues such as interoperability and security of the data. It was attended by officials
from NDMA and representatives of concerned Central Ministries and Departments, state
governments, UN agencies, administrative training institutes (ATIs), disaster management institutes
and universities.
Background
India is one of most disaster-prone countries in the world. Numerous disasters faced by the country

has resulted in loss of lives and livelihoods and also caused significant damage to infrastructure and
disruption of critical services. These socioeconomic losses associated with these disasters have
caused undo years of growth and development, especially affecting most vulnerable and
marginalised populations.
Disaster Risk Reduction database
India often refers to global databases and snapshots of disaster events for reporting disaster losses.
However, these databases work under various limitations and are not able to produce accurate
analyses. In this background, India is planning to create uniform and credible national-level disaster
database. It will consist of locally obtained and validated data which will aid scientific analyses and
suitable policy interventions to reduce disaster risks.
Significance of database
It will help in assessing and tracking risks and progress towards disaster resilience without which
India will not be able to meet its developmental goals. It will also be step forwards towards
implementing Prime Minister’s 10-point agenda to address disaster risks, outlined during Asian
Ministerial Conference on DRR (AMCDRR) in November, 2016.
9th India-Japan Energy Dialogue held in New Delhi
May 2, 2018
The 9th India Japan Energy Dialogue was held in New Delhi. Both countries issued Joint Statement
at conclusion of the meeting, agreeing to work together for energy security, energy access and
climate change issues.
The meeting was chaired by Minister of State (MoS) for Power and New & Renewable Energy R.K
Singh and Japan’s Minister of Economy, Trade and Industry (METI) Hiroshige Sekosigned.
Key Highlights of Joint Statement
Both India and Japan agree to implement Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) under aegis
of United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). They recognized
importance of development and deployment of next generation technologies including hydrogen to
realize de-carbonization.
Both countries agreed to work together for energy security, energy access and climate change issues.
They further confirmed their commitment to work together in promoting well-functioning energy
markets and promote transparent and diversified Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) market through
relaxation of destination clause. They also agreed to initiate discussion on Electric Vehicles (Evs) and
commit to work together in promoting well-functioning energy markets.
President to preside over PM-headed panel on Gandhi 150th birth Anniversary
May 2, 2018
President Ram Nath Kovind will preside over first meeting of National Committee for
Commemoration of 150th Birth Anniversary of Mahatma Gandhi in 2019. The committee is headed
by Prime Minister Narendra Modi and has 114 members on board including Vice President M.
Venkaiah Naidu, former Prime Ministers and Chief Justice of India, Lok Sabha Speaker, members of
union cabinet, political party leaders, chief ministers, Gandhians, spiritual gurus and social workers
among others.
Background
The birth anniversary of father of the nation will be commemorated from 2nd October, 2019 to 2nd
October, 2020. Many events are planned to organised at both national and international level to
propagate message of Mahatma Gandhi. In 2018-19 budget proposals, Finance Minister Arun Jaitley
had earmarked Rs. 150 crore for the celebrations.
Key Facts
The 114-member committee will discuss policies, plans and preparatory activities for
commemoration of birth anniversary. Its recommendations will be considered for implementation by
government. The Ministry of Culture will be nodal ministry for celebrations. Chief Ministers of
different states, leaders of various political parties, Gandhians, spiritual leaders and social workers
are expected to attend the meeting.
14 of Indian cities figure in World’s 20 most polluted cities list: WHO
May 2, 2018
According to Global Urban Air Pollution database released by World Health Organisation (WHO), 14

Indian cities have figured in list of world’s 20 most polluted cities in terms of particulate matter
PM2.5 levels in 2016. These 14 cities include Delhi, Varanasi, Kanpur, Faridabad, Gaya, Patna, Agra,
Muzaffarpur, Srinagar, Gurgaon, Jaipur, Patiala and Jodhpur. They were followed by Ali Subah Al-
Salem (Kuwait) and few cities in China and Mongolia. In terms of PM10 levels, 13 cities in India
figured among the 20 most-polluted cities.
Background
The database measured levels of fine particulate matter (PM10 and PM2.5) from more than 4,300
cities in 108 countries. It estimates that around 7 million people die every year from exposure to fine
particles in polluted air that penetrate deep into lungs and cardiovascular system. WHO recognises
air pollution is critical risk factor for noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) as it causes diseases
including stroke, heart disease, lung cancer, chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases and respiratory
infections, including pneumonia. Since 2016, over 1,000 additional cities are being added to WHO’s
database, showing that more countries are measuring and taking action to reduce air pollution than
ever before.
Key Facts
Pollution related Deaths: According to WHO database, ambient air pollution alone caused some 4.2
million deaths in 2016 across the globe, while household air pollution from cooking with polluting
fuels and technologies has caused 3.8 million deaths in same period. It shows that 9 out of 10 people
in the world breathe air containing high levels of pollutants.
Global Scenario: More than 90% of air pollution-related deaths occur in low- and middle-income
countries (including India), mainly in Asia and Africa. It is followed by low-and middle-income
countries of Eastern Mediterranean region, Europe and Americas. More than 80% of people living in
urban areas are exposed to air quality levels that exceed WHO limits. While all regions of world are
affected, populations in low-income cities are most impacted.
South Asia region: It alone accounts for 1.5 million (40%) deaths by household air pollution and 1.3
million (30%) global deaths due to ambient air pollution. Member-countries in Southeast Asia Region
need to aggressively address double burden of household and ambient (outdoor) air pollution.
Lack of clean fuel: Around 3 billion people (more than 40% of the world’s population) still do not have
access to clean cooking fuels and technologies in their homes, the main source of household air
pollution.
Since 2016, over 1,000 additional cities have been added to WHO’s database, which shows more
countries are measuring and taking action to reduce air pollution than ever before.
National Digital Communications Policy 2018: DoT releases draft Telecom policy
May 2, 2018
The Department of Telecommunications (DoT) has released draft of new Telecom policy – National
Digital Communications Policy, 2018. The policy seeks to unlock transformative power of digital
communications networks to achieve the goal of digital empowerment and well-being of the people
of India
Key Features of the draft policy
Strategic objectives: Calls for Universal broadband coverage, creating four million additional jobs in
tdigital communications sector, enhancing contribution of digital communications sector to 8% of
India’s GDP from around 6% in 2017, enhancing India’s contribution to global value chains and
ensuring digital sovereignty. These objectives will be achieved by 2022. It also aims to propel India’s
rank in ICT development index (published by ITU) to top 50, from 134 in 2017.
Improvement in regulatory framework: The policy recognises its importance for attracting
investments and ensuring fair competition, to serve the needs of the people. It aims to pursue
regulatory reforms to ensure that regulatory structures and processes remain relevant, transparent,
accountable and forward-looking. It aims to remove regulatory barriers and reduce the regulatory
burden that hampers investments, innovation and consumer interest, the draft said. It also proposes
to address woes of Telecom sector by reviewing licence fees, spectrum usage charges, universal
service obligation fund (USOF) levy for enhancing ease of doing business in sector.
Rationalising spectrum regulatory regime: It recognises spectrum as key natural resource for
public benefit to achieve socio-economic goals. It aims optimise availability and utilisation by making

adequate spectrum available to be equipped for the new broadband era. It will be done by regulation
and administration of spectrum and rationalising taxes and levies on digital communications
equipment, infrastructure and services. It calls for simplifying process of obtaining permissions from
various agencies such as Standing Advisory Committee on Radio Frequency Allocation (SACFA) and
Wireless Planning and Coordination (WPC) in order to promote efficiency. It also calls for
transparent and fair mode of spectrum allocation and assignments by developing fair, flexible, simple
and transparent method. It proposes identifying and making available new spectrum bands for
access and backhaul segments for timely deployment and growth of 5G networks and making
available harmonised and contiguous spectrum required for deployment of next generation access
technologies.
National Broadband Mission (Rashtriya Broadband Abhiyan): It will be established to secure
universal broadband access for implementation of broadband initiatives. It will be funded through
Universal Services Obligation Fund (USOF) and Public Private Partnerships (PPPs). Its components
include- BharatNet (providing 10 to 10 Gbps to Gram Panchayats), GramNet (connecting all key rural
development institutions with 10Mbps to 100 Mbps), NagarNet (establish one- million public Wi-Fi
Hotspots in urban areas), JanWiFi (establishing two-million Wi-Fi Hotspots in rural areas) and Fibre
First Initiative (to provide fibre connectivity to home, enterprises and key development institutions in
tier I, II and III towns and rural clusters).
Satellite Communication Technologies: Government would develop an ecosystem for satellite
communications in India. It will be strengthen by revising licensing and regulatory conditions that
limit the use of it, such as speed barriers, band allocation.
USOF: Its scope and modalities will be reviewed by redesigning USOF and broadening its objectives
to enable universal broadband access and strengthening institutional capacity to ensure effective
rollout of services in uncovered, remote and rural areas.
Quality of services: Effective institutional mechanisms will be established to protect consumers’
interests including Telecom Ombudsman and centralised web based complaint redressal system.
Comprehensive data protection regime: It has been mandated for digital communications that
safeguards the privacy, autonomy and choice of individuals and facilitates India’s effective
participation in the global digital economy.
Use of renewable energy technologies in communications sector: It will be incentivised, including
utilisation of small cell fuel batteries, lithium-ion batteries or other similar technologies. It calls for
promoting R&D of green telecom through active participation of stakeholders across government,
industry and academia and rationalising of taxes and levies on manufacture, production and import
of such equipment for digital communication technologies.
Core sector growth slows to 4.1% in March 2018
May 2, 2018
According to index of eight core industries released by Ministry of Commerce and Industry, core
sector growth in March 2018 slowed to 4.1%, a three-month low due to weak performance in six
sectors. These sectors are coal, crude oil, natural gas, refinery products, steel and electricity.
Cumulatively, the eight core sectors grew 4.2% in 2017-18. The growth was 4.8% in the previous
fiscal. The previous low was 3.8% in December 2017.
Breakaway of March Performance

Core industries
Core industries can be defined as main industry of the economy. In most countries, there is
particular industry that seems to be backbone of all other industries and it qualifies to be the core
industry.In India, there are eight core sectors comprising of coal, crude oil, natural gas, petroleum
refinery products, fertilisers, steel, cement and electricity. The eight infrastructure sectors,
constitute 40.27% of the total index of industrial production (IIP).
Revised weightage in core sectors: Petroleum Refinery production (weight: 28.04%), Electricity
generation (19.85%), Steel production (17.92%), Coal production (10.33%), Crude Oil production (8.98%),
Natural Gas production (6.88%), Cement production (5.37%), Fertilizers production (2.63%).
South Western Command conducts Exercise Vijay Prahar in Rajasthan
May 2, 2018
South Western Command of Indian Army is conducting ‘Vijay Prahar’ exercise in Mahajan area close
to Suratgarh in Rajasthan. In this exercise, over 20,000 troops are participating with fighting
equipment for couple of weeks o fine-tune jointmanship with the Indian Air Force.
Key Facts
The month-long exercise is aimed to orchestrate wide spectrum of threats which are planned to be
tackled through high tempo joint air and land operation. It involves hundreds of aircrafts, thousands
of tanks and artillery pieces supported by real time intelligence, surveillance, reconnaissance and
logistic support.
The exercise is being conducted to practice troops in penetrative manoeuvres across the obstacle
ridden terrain under a nuclear umbrella. In it, formations of South Western Command will be
practising and operationalising certain innovative concepts of operating in network centric
environment.
It will also deploy integrated employment of modern day sensors with weapon platforms,
employment of attack helicopters in air cavalry role and bold offensive of application of the Special
Forces. The formations will refine their drills and procedures for fighting in nuclear environment
during course of the exercise.
South Western Command
The South Western Command of the Indian Army was established in April 2005 and became fully
operational on 15 August 2005. It is headquartered at Jaipur, Rajasthan. The command’s operational
units include I Corps, formerly under Central Command, and X Corps transferred from Western

Command.
May 3, 2018
Manufacturing growth improves slightly in April 2018: PMI
May 3, 2018
The Nikkei India Manufacturing Purchasing Managers’ Index (PMI) rose to 51.6 in April 2018 form
from 51 in March 2018. It indicates faster improvement in health of India’s manufacturing economy
than in prior month.
Key Facts
PMI showed that manufacturing conditions improved for ninth consecutive month in April 2018. It
was mainly because of faster expansions in output and new orders. Moreover, greater production
requirements also stimulated job creation and encouraged companies to engage in input buying. The
Output growth was solid and picked-up from March’s five-month low, but remained slightly below
average for current nine-month period of expansion. On the price front, inflationary pressures
continue to ease in April 2018, with softest increases for input costs and output charges reported
since September 2017 and July 2017 respectively.
Purchasing Managers Index (PMI)
PMI is considered as an indicator of the economic health and investor sentiments about the
manufacturing sector. It is published by Japanese firm Nikkei. The PMI is constructed separately for
manufacturing and services sector. But the manufacturing sector holds more importance. In PMI, a
reading above 50 indicates economic expansion, while reading below 50 points shows contraction of
economic activities. PMI shows investor sentiment in economy’s manufacturing sector and is seen as
sentiment tracking index. The variables used to construct India’s PMI are Output, New Orders, Input
Costs, Output Prices, Backlogs of Work, Export Orders, Quantity of Purchases, Suppliers and Delivery
Times, Employment, Stocks of Purchases and Stocks of Finished Goods
How PMI is different from IIP?
Index of Industrial Production (IIP) is popular index that measures growth in industrial sector in
India is concerned. It is prepared by Central Statistical Office (CSO). IIP shows change in production
volume or output in major industrial subsectors like manufacturing, mining and electricity. It also
gives use based (capital goods, consumer goods etc,) trends in industrial production. It covers
broader industrial sector compared to PMI. PMI senses dynamic trends because of variable it uses for
the construction of the index. PMI is more dynamic compared to IIP.
Task Force on Establishment of CDRI submits report to MHA
May 3, 2018
The Task Force constituted on “Establishing a Coalition on Disaster Resilient Infrastructure (CDRI)”
has submitted its report to Ministry of Home Affairs (MHA). The Task Force was constituted by MHA
in August, 2017 and was headed by Preeti Saran, Secretary (East), Ministry of External Affairs (MEA).
Key Facts
Task force in its report provides step-by-step implementation plan and analysis in order to build and
operationalize CDRI. It includes business case for CDRI, analysis of best practices of international
partnerships in disaster risk and other thematic areas lead by India, preliminary design of coalition
and roll-out plan.
Background
During Asian Ministerial Conference on Disaster Risk Reduction (AMCDRR) held in New Delhi in
November 2016, Prime Minister Narendra Modi had outlined 10-point Agenda for disaster risk
reduction. Under the first agenda, India had committed to work with other partner countries and key
stakeholders to build coalition or centre for promoting disaster resilient infrastructure in the region.
This was to generate new knowledge for hazard risk assessment, disaster resilient technologies and
mechanism for integrating risk reduction in infrastructure financing. With a view to take this
agenda further forward, MHA had constituted Task Force. It was mandated to prepare its report on
establishing CDRI.
Cabinet approves Restructuring of Indian Bureau of Mines
May 3, 2018
The Union Cabinet has approved restructuring of Indian Bureau of Mines (IBM) by upgradation,
creation and abolition of certain posts of Joint Secretary-level and above. Decision in this regard was

taken at Union Cabinet Meeting chaired by Prime Minister Narendra Modi in New Delhi.
Background
The Union Ministry of Mines had constituted Committee for comprehensive ‘Review and
Restructuring of Functions and Role of IBM’ in the light of ‘National Mineral Policy’ (NMP) 2008. The
Committee submitted its report in 2012 which was accepted by the Ministry.
Key Facts
The restructuring will help IBM to effectively discharge its function to help reform and transform
the regulation of the mineral sector. It will enable IBM to adopt IT and space technology IBM to
improve its effectiveness in mineral regulation and development. Further, it will entail great deal of
decision-making and accountability in functioning of IBM. The improved and enhanced performance
of IBM through restructuring will benefit the mining sector.
Indian Bureau of Mines (IBM)
IBM was set up by Central Government in March, 1948 under Ministry of Works, Mines and Power
(now Ministry of Mines). It is multi-disciplinary government organisation engaged in promotion of
conservation, scientific development of mineral resources and protection of environment in mines
other than coal, atomic minerals, petroleum & natural gas and minor minerals. It is headquartered at
Nagpur, Maharashtra. It is primarily advisory body to help in formulation of policy and legal
framework for mining sector and advising Central and State Governments on development and
utilization of mineral resources. It helps states in preparation of auction blocks, publishing of average
sale price, assisting in post auction monitoring and approval process.
Cabinet approves accession to WHO protocol to eliminate illicit trade in tobacco products
May 3, 2018
The Union Cabinet has given approval to accede to Protocol under World Health Organization
(WHO) Framework Convention on tobacco control to eliminate illicit trade in tobacco products.
It will be applicable to both smoking and chewing or smokeless tobacco (SLT) forms as negotiated
and adopted under Article 15 of WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (WHO FCTC).
India is a party to WHO FCTC.
Features of Protocol to eliminate illicit trade in tobacco products
It lays down obligations on parties and spells out supply chain control measures that must be
adopted by parties while licensing manufactures of tobacco products and machinery for
manufacturing of tobacco products. It mainly deals with those engaged in production, tracking and
tracing regime, record keeping and security. It also spells out measures to be taken by those engaged
in e-commerce, manufacturing in free-trade zones and duty free sales. It lists out offences,
enforcement measures such as seizures and disposal of seized products. It calls for international
cooperation in information sharing, maintaining, training, technical assistance and cooperation in
scientific and technical and technological matters.
Significance
The protocol is path breaking initiative in strengthening global action against tobacco. It is also new
legal instrument in public health. It is comprehensive tool to counter and eventually eliminate illicit
trade in tobacco products and strengthen legal dimensions for international health cooperation.
The protocol will help in strengthening comprehensive tobacco control, leading to reduction in
tobacco use which in turn, will result in reduction in disease burden and mortality associated with
tobacco use. It will provide India actionable alternatives against such prevailing practices that are
affecting public health at large. It will provide India a platform to influence international
organizations including World Custom Organization (WCO) in controlling such illicit trade.
Background
The WHO FCTC is the first international public health treaty negotiated under auspices of WHO. Its
objective is to provide framework for supply and demand reduction measures for tobacco control at
national, regional and global levels. One of the key tobacco supply reduction strategies enshrined in
Article 15 of WHO FCTC envisages elimination of all forms of illicit trade and tobacco products,
including smuggling, illicit manufacturing and counterfeiting. The Protocol to eliminate illicit trade
in tobacco products was developed and adopted by Conference of Parties (COP) which is governing
body of FCTC. It is divided into 10 parts and contains 47 Articles.

Pradhan Mantri Vaya Vandan Yojana: Cabinet doubles investment limit for senior citizens
May 3, 2018
The Union Cabinet has approved doubling of investment limit from Rs 7.5 lakh to Rs 15 lakh under
Pradhan Mantri Vaya Vandana Yojana (PMVVY). It also extended time limits for subscription from ay
2018 to March, 2020.
These decisions were taken as part of Government commitment to financial inclusion and social
security. It will boost social security initiatives for senior citizens and enable them upto Rs.10,000
pension per month.
Pradhan Mantri Vaya Vandana Yojana (PMVVY)
PMVVY aims to provide social security during old age and protect elderly persons aged 60 years and
above against a future fall in their interest income due to uncertain market conditions. It is
implemented through Life Insurance Corporation of India (LIC). The intended beneficiaries of the
scheme are elderly persons aged 60 years and above.
The scheme provides an assured pension based on a guaranteed rate of return of 8% per annum for
ten years, with an option to opt for pension on monthly, quarterly or half yearly and annual basis.
The differential return, i.e. difference between return generated by LIC and assured return of 8% per
annum is borne by Government as subsidy on annual basis.
Global warming driving harmful algae growth: Study
May 3, 2018
Scientists have found that global warming is driving proliferation of Noctiluca algae (commonly
known as sea tinkle), a harmful algae in Arabian Sea responsible for glowing of Mumbai’s beaches in
dark. The study was jointly conducted by researchers from Indian National Centre for Ocean
Information Services (INCOIS), a Ministry of Earth Sciences body and US National Oceanic and
Atmospheric Administration (NOAA).
Key Facts
Noctiluca algae is parasite and occurs in patches or blooms in northern Arabian Sea. Its
bioluminescence characteristic i.e. glow in dark has earned it name ‘sea sparkle’. The algae compete
with fish for food and choke their supply. It devours one of most important planktonic organisms at
base of fish-food chain, namely diatoms. It also excretes large amounts of ammonia, which causes
massive fish mortality.
Significance of study
Earlier studies had linked increase in algal patches to coastal pollution from major Indian cities along
west coast. However, in this study researchers found that global warming conditions are responsible
their proliferation. Warming of oceans due to global is increasing temperature differences among
layers of sea water.
This temperature differences has slowed the upward transport of nutrients like silicate from ocean
bottom, lowering its concentration at surface. Diatoms growing in surface water which need both
sunlight and silicate to build their glass skeletons, fail to thrive when silicate is in short supply. On
other hand, Noctiluca algae remain unaffected by these changes and prey on remaining diatoms.
Thus, the study shows that intensifying global warming conditions will disrupt fish-food chain and
cause decline of fisheries in the region.
Pradhan Mantri Swasthya Suraksha Yojana: Cabinet approves setting up of 20 AIIMS
May 3, 2018
The Union Cabinet chaired by Prime Minister Narendra Modi has approved plan to set up 20 All
India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS) across the country and upgrade 73 medical colleges. The
decisions are part of the Pradhan Mantri Swasthya Suraksha Yojana (PMSSY), which has been
extended by two years till 2020 with financial outlay of Rs.14,832 crore.
Key Facts
The decision to extend PMSSY is aimed at meeting shortfall in healthcare professionals and facilities
across the country. Setting up of new AIIMS in various states under PMSSY will transform health
education and training and also help to address shortfall of healthcare professionals. It will lead to
employment generation for nearly 3,000 people in various faculty and non-faculty posts in each of
AIIMS. Six of 20 AIIMS have already been established. The construction of new AIIMS will be fully
funded by Central government and it will also bear operations and maintenance expenses of these

facilities.
PMSSY was announced in 2003. Its objectives are correcting regional imbalances in availability of
affordable and reliable tertiary healthcare services and augment facilities for quality medical
education in the country. It establishes AIIMS in various regions of India apart from different
government colleges. It is funded from different centrally sponsored schemes relating to creating
infrastructure on health.
Cabinet approves ordinance to amend law for speedy disposal of commercial disputes
May 3, 2018
The Union Cabinet chaired by Prime Minister Narendra Modi has approved promulgation of
Ordinance amend a law for speedy disposal of commercial disputes. This decision aims to improve
India’s ranking in World Bank’s ease of doing business index. The index takes into consideration
dispute resolution environment in country, which facilitates investors in deciding for setting up of
and operation of a business.
Key Facts
The ordinance will replace Commercial Courts, Commercial Division and Commercial Appellate
Division of High Courts Bill which is pending in Parliament. It will bring down specified value of
commercial dispute to Rs 3 lakh from the present Rs 1 crore. It also aims to bring down time taken
from the present 1,445 days in resolution of commercial disputes of lesser value.
The amendments through ordinance provides for establishment of commercial courts at district
judge level for territories over which High Courts Chennai, Delhi, Kolkata, Mumbai and Himachal
Pradesh have ordinary original civil jurisdiction. The ordinance will be given prospective effect so
that authority of the judicial forum presently adjudicating commercial disputes is not affected.
India, US hold round 3 of Maritime Security Dialogue in Goa
May 3, 2018
India and United States held the third round of the India-US Maritime Security Dialogue in Goa from
April 30 to May 1, 2018 focussing on cooperation and developments in the Indo-Pacific region
Key Facts
During the third round of dialogue, both sides discussed developments in maritime domain in Indo-
Pacific Region and exchanged views on ways to further strengthen bilateral maritime security
cooperation. They also reviewed implementation of decisions taken during the previous Maritime
Security Dialogues. the next round of the dialogue will be held in the US on mutually convenient
dates.
Background
US has been pushing for broader role by India in strategically important Indo-Pacific region. US
President Donald Trump had laid out his South Asia policy saying critical part of it was to further
develop US’s strategic partnership with India. In June 2016, US had designated India Major Defence
Partner intending to elevate defence trade and technology sharing with India to level commensurate
with that of its closest allies and partners.
India, US and several other world powers including have been talking about need to ensure free, open
and thriving Indo-Pacific in backdrop of China’s rising military maneuvering in the region. In
November 2017, US, India, Australia and Japan had given shape to long-pending Quadrilateral
coalition to develop new strategy to keep the critical sea routes in Indo-Pacific free of Chinese
influence.
India and France conduct final phase of Varuna naval exercise near Reunion Island
May 3, 2018
Indian and French navies conducted final and third phase of Varuna naval exercise 2018 near
Reunion Island in Indian Ocean region (IOR) to enhance their operational coordination. In the final
phase, both navies simulated different possible scenarios such as asymmetric warfare and tested
their air defence capabilities.
Varuna Exercise 2018
2018 Varuna naval exercise between Indian and French Navy was conducted in three phases and
included anti-submarine, air defence and asymmetric engagement exercises. It was aimed to explore
measures to facilitate operational-level interactions between their armed forces and increase mutual

cooperation, considering common global threats. It was also held at time when Indian Ocean is
witnessing increased Chinese naval presence.
The first phase was held in Arabian Sea, second phase was held off the Chennai coast in Bay of Bengal
and third near France’s Reunion Island in South Western Indian Ocean. The first phase had focused
on joint anti-submarine combat training off Indian coast in Goa, with participation of French nuclear
submarine and India’s Kalvari Scorpene-class submarine. The second phase focused on amphibious
operations.
Indian Navy’s destroyer, INS Mumbai, and frigate INS Trikand were the vessels participating in the
exercise. Moreover, Indian Navy’s submarine, Kalvari, P8-1 and Dornier maritime patrol aircraft and
MiG 29K fighter aircraft also had participated in the exercise.
Background
India is major defence partner of France in Indian Ocean region. Maritime security is priority in
India-France’s defence and security policy, along with fight against terrorism. Indian Navy and
French Navy have been conducting naval exercises since 1983. These exercises were christened as
Varuna in 2001. The last edition of this annual bilateral exercise was conducted off French coast in
April 2017. The Varuna series of naval exercises now has grown in scope and complexity and provides
opportunity to naval forces of both countries to increase interoperability and learn from each other’s
best practices.
Reunion Island: It is French island strategically located in Indian Ocean east of Madagascar and
southwest of Mauritius. Around 8,50,000 French citizens reside there. It is most prosperous island in
the Indian Ocean, having the highest GDP per capita in the region.
May 4, 2018
CCEA approves financial assistance to sugar mills for clearing cane dues of farmers
May 4, 2018
The Cabinet Committee on Economic Affairs (CCEA) has approved proposal to provide financial
assistance of Rs. 5.50 per quintal of cane crushed in sugar season 2017-18. It will help to sugar mills to
offset the cost of cane which will inturn help sugar mills to clear cane dues of farmers.
Key Facts
The assistance will be paid directly to farmers on behalf of mills. It will be adjusted against cane price
payable due to farmers against Fair and Remunerative Price (FRP) including arrears relating to
previous years. Moreover it will also credit subsequent balance if any into the mill’s account. Mills
fulfilling eligibility conditions as decided by the Government will be given assistance.
Background
The sugar prices in domestic market have remained depressed since commencement of the season
due to higher sugar production against estimated consumption during the current sugar season
2017-18. Due to depressed market sentiments and crash in sugar prices, liquidity position of sugar
mills also have been adversely affected, leading to accumulation of cane price dues of farmers which
have reached to more than Rs.19,000 crore. Government has taken various steps in recent times in
order to stabilize sugar prices at reasonable level and to improve liquidity position of mills thereby
enabling them to clear cane price dues of farmers.

3 May: World Press Freedom Day

May 4, 2018
May 3 is celebrated as World Press Freedom Day every year to celebrate fundamental principles of
press freedom as well as to evaluate freedom of press around the world. It serves as occasion to
defend media from attacks on their independence and to pay tribute to journalists who died while
doing their profession.
2018 Theme
The theme for year 2018 is ‘Keeping Power in Check: Media, Justice and The Rule of Law’. It highlights
importance of enabling legal environment for press freedom and gives special attention to role of
independent judiciary in ensuring legal guarantees for press freedom and prosecution of crimes
against journalists. It also addresses role of media in sustainable development, especially during
elections as watchdog fostering transparency, accountability and rule of law. It also explore
legislative gaps with regard to freedom of expression and information online, and risks of regulating
online speech
World Press Freedom Day
World Press Freedom Day was proclaimed by United Nations General Assembly (UNGA) in
December 1993, following the recommendation adopted at 26th Session of UNESCO’s General
Conference in 1991. This recommendation was a response to a call given by African journalists who in
1991 produced landmark Windhoek Declaration on media pluralism and independence. Since then 3 May,
is observed as anniversary of Declaration of Windhoek and is celebrated worldwide as World Press
Freedom Day. Observance of day provides opportunity to celebrate fundamental principles of press
freedom; defend media from attacks on their independence; assess state of press freedom throughout
world and pay tribute to journalists who have lost their lives in line of duty.
CCEA renames Multi-sectoral Development Programme as Pradhan Mantri Jan Vikas Karyakram
May 4, 2018
The Cabinet Committee on Economic Affairs (CCEA) has approved proposal for renaming and
restructuring of Multi-sectoral Development Programme (MsDP) as Pradhan Mantri Jan Vikas
Karyakram (PMJVK). It also has approved its continuation during the remaining period of the 14th
Finance Commission.
Pradhan Mantri Jan Vikas Karyakram (PMJVK)
PMJVK aims to address development deficits in identified minority concentration areas. The
identification of these areas will be done on the basis of presence of substantial population of notified
Minority Communities based on Census, 2011. It will also provide better socio economic
infrastructure facilities to minority communities particularly in field of education, health and skill
development as compared to present situation. This will lead to lessening of gap between national
average and minority communities with regard to backwardness parameters.
PMJVK will be implemented in Minority Concentration District Headquarters, Minority
Concentration Block(MCBs), Minority Concentration Towns(MCTs) falling in 308 districts of 32
States/UTs. It will also be implemented in Backward Clusters of Minority Concentration Villages
(CoMCV) which will be identified on proposal of States/UTs as per criteria of the scheme.
Multi-sectoral Development Programme (MsDP)
MsDP was launched in 2008-09 in 90 identified Minority Concentration Districts (MCDs) having at
least 25% minority population and below national average with objective of developing assets for
socio-economic and basic amenities. It was designed primarily to address developmental gaps and
deficits in identified backward minority concentration areas by topping up of existing Centrally
Sponsored Schemes of various Central ministries and departments without any change in norms,
guidelines and funding pattern. It was one of Core of Core Schemes under National Development
Agenda in Report of Sub-Group of Chief Ministers on Rationalization of Centrally Sponsored
Schemes constituted by NITI Aayog.
FDI Confidence Index 2018: India ranks 11th
May 4, 2018
India was ranked 11th position in the FDI Confidence Index 2018 released by global consultancy firm
A T Kearney. It has slipped by three notches in 2018 as it was ranked 8th in 2017 and 9th in 2016. This
is first time India fell out of the top 10 since 2015.

Key Facts
Top 10 countries in FDI Confidence Index 2018 are United States (1st), Canada (2nd), Germany (3rd),
United Kingdom (4th), China (5th), Japan (6th), France (7th), Australia (8th), Switzerland (9th) and
Italy (10th).
US has topped spot for the sixth year in a row mainly due to continued confidence result of its large
market, strong and sustained economic growth and recent corporate tax cuts. Switzerland and Italy
have entered in the top 10 position for the first time in more than decade.
Asia Pacific region: Investor preference for the region appears to have declined slightly with only
seven Asian countries appearing on 2018 FDI Confidence Index.
Emerging markets: This year marks an all-time low for the share of emerging markets on index. Just
four emerging markets have appeared among top 25 countries viz. China, India, Mexico, and Brazil.
This suggests that confidence in investing in specific emerging markets has declined.
India: The fall in India’s rankings may be due some policies such as challenges faced in
implementation2017 nationwide goods and services tax (GST) and 2016 demonetisation initiative
which disrupted business activity and weighed on economic growth which has deterred investors
sentiments in short term. But strong economic performance and sheer size of Indian market are
important factors likely to attract investors.
Investors based in Americas and in industry sector rank India highest in terms of their intention to
invest there. This confidence may be result of Government’s Make in India initiative, which aims to
boost investment in India’s manufacturing sector as well as its pursuit of closer ties with US.
Moreover, reforms have made positive impact on India’s attractiveness including dismantling of
Foreign Investment Promotion Board and liberalisation of overseas investment thresholds for retail,
aviation, and biomedical industries.
FDI Confidence Index
The index is annual analysis of how political, economic, and regulatory changes will likely affect FDI
inflows into countries in coming years. It is constructed using primary data from proprietary survey
administered to senior executives of world’s leading corporations. Companies participating in survey
have annual revenues of $500 million or more.
Green Revolution-Krishonnati Yojana: CCEA approves continuation of Umbrella Scheme in
agriculture sector
May 4, 2018
Cabinet Committee on Economic Affairs (CCEA) has approved continuation of Umbrella Scheme,
Green Revolution – Krishonnati Yojana in agriculture sector beyond 12th Five Year Plan from 2017-18
to 2019-20. The Umbrella scheme comprises of 11 Schemes and Missions.
Key Facts
The 11 schemes and missions were clubbed together under one umbrella scheme ‘Green Revolution –
Krishonnati Yojana in 2017-18. They aim to develop agriculture and allied sector in holistic and
scientific manner to increase income of farmers by enhancing production, productivity and better
returns on produce. They primarily focus on creating and strengthening of infrastructure of
production, reducing production cost and marketing of agriculture and allied produce. These
schemes will be now continued for three financial years, i.e., 2017-18, 2018-19 and 2019-20 with an
expenditure of Rs.33,269 crore.
Schemes part of Green Revolution-Krishonnati Yojana
Mission for Integrated Development of Horticulture (MIDH): It aims to promote holistic growth of
horticulture sector and also enhance horticulture production, improve nutritional security and
income support tofarm Households.
National Food Security Mission (NFSM): It aims to increase production of rice, wheat, pulses, coarse
cereals and commercial crops, through area expansion and productivity enhancement in suitable
manner in identified districts of country. It will also restore soil fertility and productivity at
individual farm level and enhance farm level economy. It also includes National Mission on Oil Seeds
and Oil Palm (NMOOP) which aims to augment availability of vegetable oils and to reduce the import
of edible oils.
National Mission for Sustainable Agriculture (NMSA): It aims at promoting sustainable agriculture

practices best suitable to specific agro-ecology focusing on integrated farming, appropriate soil
health management and synergizing resource conservation technology.
Submission on Agriculture Extension (SMAE): It aims to strengthen ongoing extension mechanism
of State Governments, local bodies etc. in achieving food and nutritional security and socio-economic
empowerment of farmers. It also seeks to institutionalize programme planning and implementation
mechanism, forge effective linkages and synergy amongst various stake-holders, support HRD
interventions, promote pervasive and innovative use of electronic and print media, inter-personal
communication and ICT tools, etc.
Sub-Mission on Seeds and Planting Material (SMSP): It aims to increase production of certified and
quality seed to increase SRR and upgrade the quality of farm saved seeds. Under it, seed
multiplication chain will be strengthen and also new technologies and methodologies in seed
production, processing, testing etc. will be promoted to strengthen and modernizing infrastructure
for seed production, storage, certification and quality etc.
Sub-Mission on Agricultural Mechanisation (SMAM): It aims to increase reach of farm
mechanization to small and marginal farmers and to regions where availability of farm power is low.
Under it, ustom Hiring Centres to offset adverse economies of scale arising due to small landholding
and high cost of individual ownership will be promoted. Hubs for hi-tech and high value farm
equipment, create awareness among stakeholders through demonstration and capacity building
activities will be also created under it.
Sub Mission on Plant Protection and Plan Quarantine (SMPPQ): It aims to minimize loss to quality
and yield of agricultural crops from ravages of diseases, insect pests, nematodes, weeds, rodents, etc.
and shield agricultural bio-security from incursions and spread of alien species. It will also facilitate
exports of Indian agricultural commodities to global markets and promote good agricultural
practices, particularly with respect to plant protection strategies and strategies.
Integrated Scheme on Agriculture Census, Economics and Statistics (ISACES): It aims to undertake
agriculture census, study of cost of cultivation of principal crops and undertake research studies on
agro-economic problems of the country.
Integrated Scheme on Agricultural Cooperation (ISAC): It aims to provide financial assistance for
improving the economic conditions of cooperatives, remove regional imbalances and speed up
cooperative development in agricultural marketing, computerization, processing, storage and
weaker section programmes. It also will help cotton growers fetch remunerative price for their
produce through value addition besides ensuring supply of quality yarn at reasonable rates to
decentralized weavers.
Integrated Scheme on Agricultural Marketing (ISAM): It aims to develop agricultural marketing
infrastructure and promote innovative and latest technologies and competitive alternatives in
agriculture marketing infrastructure. It also seeks to provide infrastructure facilities for grading,
standardization and quality certification of agricultural produce. Under it nationwide marketing
information network will be established to integrate markets through common online market
platform to facilitate pan-India trade in agricultural commodities, etc.
National e-Governance Plan (NeGP-A): It aims to bring farmer centricity and service orientation to
programmes. Under it reach & impact of extension services will be enhanced and access of farmers
to information &services throughout crop-cycle will be improved. It will also enhance and integrate
existing ICT initiatives of Centre and States and also enhance efficiency and effectiveness of
programs through making available timely and relevant information to farmers for increasing their
agriculture productivity.
CBDT inks 200th Unilateral Advance Pricing Agreement
May 4, 2018
The Central Board of Direct Taxes (CBDT) has entered into 200th Unilateral Advance Pricing
Agreement (UAPA) after it singed one in April 2018. With the signing of this, CBDT has achieved
another milestone of having signed its 200th UAPA. The total number of APAs entered into by CBDT
so far has gone up to 220, which include 20 Bilateral APAs. The UAPA entered in April, 2018 pertains
to provision of sourcing support services.

Advance Pricing Agreement

APA scheme launched by Government endeavours to provide certainty to taxpayers in domain of
transfer pricing by specifying methods of pricing and setting prices of international transactions in
advance. Its provision was introduced in Income-tax Act, 1961 in 2012 and Rollback provisions to it
were introduced in 2014.
The scheme gives certainty to MNCs that agree on certain principles in valuation of their cross-
border transactions. It also provides them with alternate dispute resolution mechanism with respect
to transfer pricing. It helps in determining arm’s length price of international transactions in
advance for max period of 5 future years.
The scheme aims to strengthen Government’s resolve of fostering non-adversarial tax regime. It has
significantly contributed towards improving ease of doing business in India and has been
appreciated nationally and internationally for being able to address complex transfer pricing issues
in a fair and transparent manner.
India emerges as fifth largest military spender in 2017: SIPRI
May 4, 2018
According to recently released report of Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (SIPRI),
India has emerged as fifth largest military spender in 2017. India had spent $63.9 billion on defence in
2017, an increase of 5.5% compared with 2016, when it was in the sixth spot overall.
Key Facts
Global defence spending: The world’s five biggest military spenders in 2017 are United States ($610
billion), China ($228 billion), Saudi Arabia (69.4 billion), Russia (66.3 billion) and India ($63.9 billion).
They together accounted for 60% of global military spending. The total global military expenditure in
2017 rose to $1,739 billion, a marginal increase of 1.1% in real terms from 2016. It accounted for 2.2% of
global gross domestic product in 2017.
India’s defence spending: It was higher than that of France ($57.8 billion), UK ($47.2 billion) and
Germany ($44.3 billion) in 2017. It has grown in past decade for several reasons, including mounting
salary bill for about 1.4 million serving personnel and pensions for more than 2 million veterans,
projects worth billions of dollars to induct new warships, combat fighter jets, helicopters, artillery
guns and infantry weapons and to enhance capabilities. India has been world’s largest weapons
importer in last five years and arms exported by US to India during 2013-17 registered a 557% jump
when compared to 2008-12.
China: It was second-largest defence spender globally in 2017. It had increased its defence spending
by 5.6% to an estimated $228 billion in 2017. It defence spending share in global military expenditure
rose from 5.8% in 2008 to 13% in 2017. It also accounted for 48% of Asian total and was 3.6 times that
of India.
Background
In Union Budget 2018-19, Government had allocated Rs. 2.95 lakh crore for military spending during

2018-19, down from Rs 2.74 lakh crore in 2017-18 budget. The military budget had slipped to just
1.57% of the GDP. The total figure includes Rs. 99,563 crore for buying new weapons and systems,
which is up from Rs. 86,488 crore in previous fiscal. The budget had breached Rs. 4 lakh-crore mark
after factoring in defence pensions (Rs. 1.08 lakh crore).
SIPRI
It in international institute based in Stockholm, Sweden. It dedicated to research into conflict,
armaments, arms control and disarmament. It was established in 1966. It provides data, analysis and
recommendations, based on open sources to policymakers, researchers, media and interested public.
Meteorological Department issues warning of another dust storm in UP, Rajasthan
May 4, 2018
Indian Meteorological Department (IMD) has issued warning of another dust storm and
thunderstorm in parts of Uttar Pradesh and Rajasthan. The satellite images have shown wind
pressure developing in two states leading to thunderstorms, gusty winds and heavy rain. It also has
forecasted thunderstorm accompanied with squall is also likely at isolated places over Uttarakhand,
Sikkim, West Bengal and Odisha. The fresh warning comes after two north Indian states were earlier
hit severe dust storm, which took lives of over 100 people and left trail of destruction.
Reasons for formation of rainstorms and duststorms
Rainstorms (thunderstroms) and duststorms arise from similar meteorological conditions. They are
almost always preceded and caused by spell of intense heat. Thunderstorms occur when atmosphere
has moisture and duststorms take place when moisture is not present. Such events take place due to
local instability arising out of deviation from normal temperature difference between upper and
lower atmosphere. Thus, these events themselves are very localised both in time and space.
In recent rainstorms and duststorms cases in Uttar Pradesh and Rajasthan, moist easterly winds
from Bay of Bengal reached up to Himachal Pradesh colluded with dry winds from north-westerly
direction. The two systems destabilised equilibrium temperature difference between upper and
lower layers of atmosphere, leading to conducive conditions for thunderstorm and duststroms. The
final trigger, however, is development of largescale air-circulation system. Many parts of India
witness build-up of surface heat during this time of year. The places that were hit by recent storms
had seen heat-wave like conditions.
EPFO launches View Pension Passbook Service on Umang App
May 4, 2018
Retirement fund body Employees’ Provident Fund Organisation (EPFO) has launched View Pension
Passbook Service for pensioners on Umang App. This facility was launched part of EPFO’s plan to go
paperless by August this year and provide all services online. It will allow pensioners view their
pension passbook on mobile phones with the help of Umang app. EPFO is already providing various
e-services for its stakeholders through Umang.
Umang app
UMANG (Unified Mobile Application for New-age Governance) app aims to build common, unified
platform and mobile app to facilitate single point of access for government services (centre, state and
utility services) through mobile. It is multi-utility app and integrates with other core government
services of Aadhaar, Rapid Assessment System, DigiLocker and Bharat Bill Payment System etc. and
supports 13 Indian languages. It has been developed by Ministry of Electronics and Information

Technology (MeitY) and National e-Governance Division (NeGD). It had won Best m-Government
Service Award for Accessible Government Category at World Government Summit 2018.
Employee Provident Fund Organisation (EPFO)
EPFO is a statutory body of Union Government that comes under the aegis of Ministry of Labour and
Employment. It is headquartered in New Delhi. It is one of largest social security organisations in
India in terms volume of financial transactions undertaken and number of covered beneficiaries. It
administers compulsory contributory Provident Fund Scheme (1952), Pension Scheme (1995) and
Insurance Scheme (1976).
May 5, 2018
SWAYAM: Government notifies 75 National Resource Centres for Higher Education faculty
May 5, 2018
Ministry of Human Resource Development (HRD) launched initiative of online professional
development of 1.5 million higher education faculty using massive open online course (MOOC)
platform SWAYAM. Under its first phase of implementation, 75 discipline-specific National Resource
Centres (NRCs) have been identified.
Key Facts
Under this initiative, all in-service teachers, irrespective of their subject and seniority will get
opportunity to keep abreast of latest developments in their disciplines through technology based
online refresher course. The training materials will be uploaded and made available through
SWAYAM platform to all the teachers every year. NRCs will publish list of faculty who have been
certified by December, 2018. UGC will issue order and regulations for the purpose of Career
Progression and APIs.
National Resource Centres (NRCs)
These75 discipline-specific NRCS includes varied set of institutions under Ministry’s Pandit Madan
Mohan Malaviya National Mission on Teachers and Teaching (PMMMNMTT) located in Central
Universities, IISc, IUCAA, IITs, IISERs, NITs, State Universities, UGC’s Human Resource Development
Centres (HRDCs), National Institutes for Technical Teachers Training (NITTTRs), IIITs, Open
Universities. These NRCs are tasked to prepare online training material with focus on latest
developments in discipline, new and emerging trends, pedagogical improvements and methodologies
for transacting revised curriculum.
SWAYAM (Study Webs of Active –Learning for Young Aspiring Minds) programme
SWAYAM aims to bridge digital divide for students (especially most disadvantaged) who have
hitherto remained untouched by digital revolution and have not been able to join mainstream of the
knowledge economy. It is an indigenous developed IT platform that facilitates hosting of all the
courses, taught in classrooms from 9th grade till post-graduation. Courses hosted by it can be
accessed by anyone, anywhere at any time at free of cost. It objective is to achieve the three cardinal
principles of education policy – access, equity and quality. The interactive courses on this platform
are prepared by best teachers in the country.
GST Council constitutes 2 Group of Ministers on digital payments and Cess on Sugar
May 5, 2018
The GST Council in its 27th meeting has constituted two Group of Ministers (GoM) to consider issues
related to Incentivizing digital payments in GST regime & Imposition of Cess on Sugar under GST.
Both GoMs will submit their reports within period of 15 days.
Key Facts
First GoM: It will consider the issues relating to incentivizing digital payments in GST regime. Sushil
Kumar Modi, (Deputy Chief Minister, Bihar) is its convenor. Other members are Nitinbhai Patel (Dy.
Chief Minister, Gujarat), Capt. Abhimanyu (Excise & Taxation Minister, Haryana), Dr. Amit Mitra
(Finance Minister, West Bengal) and Shri Manpreet Singh Badal ( Finance Minister, Punjab).
Second GoM: It will consider issues relating to imposition of Cess on Sugar under GST. Himanta
Biswa Sarma (Finance Minister of Assam) is its convenor. Other members are Rajesh Agrawal
(Finance Minister, Uttar Pradesh), Sudhir Mungatiwar (Finance Minister, Maharashtra), D.
Jayakumar (Minister for Fisheries and Personnel & Administrative Reforms, Tamil Nadu) and Dr.
T.M. Thomas Isaa (Finance Minister, Kerala).

Namami Gange Programme: NMCG approves used of GIS technology

May 5, 2018
National Mission for Clean Ganga (NMCG) has partnered with board Survey of India, to facilitate the
Ganga rejuvenation task under Namami Gange programme by using Geographic Information System
(GIS) technology. Through the project, NMCG aims to strengthen planning and implementation at
national, state and local levels.
Key Facts
The project includes use of Digital Elevation Model (DEM) technology which ensures accurate data
collection which is important aspect for river basin management planning. DEM technology enables
identification of entire topography of area. It supports decision-making process by easily making
available data for policy makers. Critical hotspots are also easily identified through this technology.
Significance of GIS technology for Namami Gange programme
It will also ensure decentralisation. The data collected and subsequent actions can easily be shared
with local public through geo portals and mobile apps. It will also enable people to send their
feedback up to national level thereby providing interactive and transparent platform. It will map all
types of other institutions from the source outlet to the public drainage network for effective
discharge management. The high resolution GIS enabled data will also help in regulating proposed
protected and regulatory zones along banks of river.
APSTAR-6C: China launches communication satellite
May 5, 2018
China successfully launched “APSTAR-6C”, a new communication satellite into orbit. It was launched
onboard of Long March-3B carrier rocket from Xichang Satellite Launch Center. This was overall
273rd mission of Long March rocket series. Both satellite and rocket were developed by China
Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation.
APSTAR-6C
The user of APSTAR-6C satellite is Hong Kong-based APT Satellite Co. Ltd. With is successful launch,
it joins fleet of four fully operational satellites belonging to APT Satellite Co. It will replace the in-
orbit Apstar-6 satellite.
The Apstar-6C satellite is based on DFH-4 platform. It is equipped with 45 transponders in C, Ku, and
Ka bands, with designed service life of 15 years. The satellite will provide TV transmission, Internet,
communication and multimedia services to customers across Asia-Pacific region. It will also provide
high-power transponder services for video distribution, broadband internet access, and cellular
backhaul.
GST Council approves simplified tax return filing system
May 5, 2018
The Goods and Services Tax (GST) Council in its 27th meeting chaired by Union Finance Minister
Arun Jaitley announced new and simplified return filing process. It was approved based on
recommendations of Group of Ministers on IT simplification for GST implementation.
Features of simplified return filing process
One monthly return: All taxpayers excluding few exceptions like composition dealer will file one
monthly return. Return filing dates will be staggered based on turnover of registered person to
manage load on IT system. Composition dealers and dealers having nil transaction will have facility
to file quarterly return.
Unidirectional flow of invoices: Seller will upload unidirectional flow of invoices on anytime basis
during the month. This will be valid document to avail input tax credit by buyer and allow them to
continuously see the uploaded invoices during the month. Invoices for B2B transaction will use HSN
at four digit level or more to achieve uniformity in reporting system.
Simple return design and easy IT interface: Taxpayer will be given user-friendly IT interface and
offline IT tool to upload the invoices. The B2B dealers will fill invoice-wise details of outward supply
made by them, based on which system will automatically calculate his tax liability. The input tax
credit will be also calculated automatically by the system based on invoices uploaded by his sellers.
No automatic reversal of credit: There will be no automatic reversal of input tax credit from buyer
on non-payment of tax by seller. In case of default in payment of tax by seller, recovery will be made
from seller but reversal of credit from buyer will be also option available with revenue authorities to

address exceptional situations like missing dealer, closure of business by supplier or supplier not
having adequate assets.
Due process for recovery and reversal: Recovery of tax or reversal of input tax credit will be through
due process of issuing notice and order. The process will be online and automated to reduce human
interface.
Supplier side control: Analytical tools will be used to identify and block unloading of invoices by
seller to pass input tax credit who has defaulted in payment of tax above threshold amount to control
misuse of input tax credit facility. Similar safeguards will be built with regard to newly registered
dealers to prevent loss of revenue.
Transition: The new simplified return filing process will be implemented in three-stage transition.
The stage I is the present system of filing of return GSTR 3B and GSTR 1. GSTR 2 and GSTR 3 will be
suspended in Stage I which will continue for maximum period of 6 months by which time new return
software is ready. In stage 2, new return will have facility for invoice-wise data upload and also
facility for claiming input tax credit on self-declaration basis, as in case of GSTR 3B now.
Government launches National Water Informatics Centre
May 5, 2018
Ministry of Water Resources, River Development and Ganga Rejuvenation has set up central body –
National Water Informatics Centre (NWIC) to maintain a comprehensive water resources data. NWIC
will be subordinate office under Ministry of Water Resources, River Development and Ganga
Rejuvenation. It will be headed by joint secretary level officer.
Functions of NWIC
Provide single window source of updated data on water resources and allied themes and also value
added products and services to all stake holders for its management and sustainable development.
Empower, inform and enrich every citizen with upto date and reliable water data and information
(excluding classified data) through web based India Water Resources Information System (India-
WRIS) on GIS platform.
Develop value added products and services for all aspects of integrated water resources management
through research, capacity building, linkages, outreach and better governance in water resources
sector.
Collaborate with leading research institutes nationally as well as internationally to provide technical
support to other central and state organizations dealing with water, emergency response for
hydrological extremes.
GST Council approves converting GSTN into government owned entity
May 5, 2018
The 27th meeting of GST Council chaired by Finance Minister Arun Jaitley has approved proposal of
convert GST Network (GSTN) into government entity from current private entity status by taking
over stakes held by private entities. The council has agreed to buy out stake of private entities in
GSTN. Following the move, central government will own 50% in GSTN and the remaining will be
collectively held by state governments.
Background
Majority of Goods and Services Tax (GST) processes including registration, filing of returns, payment
of taxes, processing of refunds is IT driven and mainly through GSTN. For this, GSTN handles large-
scale invoice level data of lakhs of business entities including data relating to exports and imports.
Considering nature of state function performed by GSTN, it was felt that the network should be
converted into fully government-owned company.
Goods and Services Tax Network (GSTN)
GSTN was set up as not for profit, non-Government, private limited company in 2013. It was
established primarily to provide IT infrastructure and services to Central and State Governments,
tax payers and other stakeholders for implementation of Goods and Services Tax (GST). Currently its
24.5% is owned by central government and similar percentage is held by state governments
collectively. The remaining 51% I owned by five private financial institutions- ICICI Bank, NSE, HDFC
Ltd, HDFC Bank and LIC Housing Finance Ltd. Its revenue model after Goods and Services Tax (GST)
was rollout out consisted of User Charge to be paid by stakeholders who will use the system and

making it self-sustaining organization.

First organised census of Indus Dolphins begins in Punjab
May 5, 2018
Punjab government along World Wildlife Fund (WWF)-India are conducting first organised census of
Indus Dolphins, one of the world’s rarest mammals found only in India and Pakistan. The organised
census aims at conservation of the species.
Key Facts
The first organised census will be conducted over period of five days in 185 km stretch between
Talwara and Harike Barrage in Beas River in Punjab were riverine fresh water Indus Dolphins are
confined. It will be conducted two joint teams of Department of Forests and Wildlife Preservation,
Punjab and WWF-India. Its main objective is to establish accurate population of dolphins in order to
plan conservation of species.
Indus Dolphin
Indus Dolphin is subspecies of freshwater river dolphin (which also includes Ganges River dolphin)
found in Indus river (and its Beas and Sutlej tributaries) flowing through India and Pakistan. It is
national mammal of Pakistan. It is a key indicator species of river’s health. Its presence is considered
as river is healthy. Indus dolphin like Ganges River dolphin is functionally blind and relies on
echolocation to navigate, communicate and hunt prey in muddy river water.
Only 1,816 Indus dolphins are reported to exist presently in lower parts of Indus River. They are
patchily distributed in five small, sub-populations that are separated by irrigation barrages across
course of Indus river and its tributaries. Their numbers have declined dramatically after
construction of irrigation system. It listed by the IUCN as endangered on its Red List of Threatened
Species. Indus Dolphin was also found in Sutlej decades back, but river pollution has caused its
extinction in river.
NITI Aayog ink SoI with IBM to develop Precision Agriculture using Artificial Intelligence
May 5, 2018
NITI Aayog has signed Statement of Intent (SoI) with IBM to develop crop yield prediction model
using Artificial Intelligence (AI) to provide real time advisory to farmers in Aspirational Districts. The
partnership aims to work together towards use of technology to provide insights to farmers to
improve soil yield, crop productivity, control agricultural inputs with overarching goal of improving
farmers’ incomes
Key Facts
The first phase of project will focus on developing model for 10 Aspirational Districts across states of
Maharashtra, Rajasthan, Assam, Madhya Pradesh, Bihar, Jharkhand and Uttar Pradesh. The project will
introduce and make available climate-aware cognitive farming techniques.
The project will also identify systems of crop monitoring, early warning on pest and disease outbreak
based on advanced AI innovations. It also includes deployment of weather advisory, rich satellite and
enhanced weather forecast information along with IT and mobile applications with focus on
improving crop yield and cost savings through better farm management.
IBM will use AI to provide all relevant data and platform for developing technological models for
improving agricultural output and productivity for various crops and soil types in identified
districts. NITI Aayog will facilitate inclusion of more stakeholders on ground for effective last mile
utilisation using insights generated through these models.
May 6-7, 2018
GravityRAT: Malware allegedly designed by Pakistani hackers became stronger
May 7, 2018
According to Maharashtra cybercrime department officials, GravityRAT, a malware allegedly
designed by Pakistani hackers has recently been updated further and equipped with anti-malware
evasion capabilities. GravityRAT was first detected by Indian Computer Emergency Response (CERT-
In), on various computers in 2017.
RAT (Remote Access Trojan) is a program capable of being controlled remotely and thus difficult to trace.
GravityRAT
GravityRAT is designed to infliltrate computers and steal data of users, and relay stolen data to

Command and Control centres in other countries. It infiltrates system in the form of innocuous
looking email attachment, which can be in any format, including MS Word, MS Excel, MS
Powerpoint, Adobe Acrobat or even audio and video files.
Unlike most malware, which are designed to inflict short term damage, GravityRat lies hidden in the
system that it takes over and keeps penetrating deeper. Its latest update enables this malware to
function as Advanced Persistent Threat (APT), which, once it infiltrates system, silently evolves and
does long-term damage.
The updates also have made malware self-aware and evade several commonly used malware
detection techniques. One such technique is ‘sandboxing’, to isolate malware from critical programs
on infected devices and provide extra layer of security. GravityRAT now has the ability to mask its
presence evade its detection before it can be sandboxed.
GravityRAT is able to work silently on the system it attacks as compared to other malware whose
activity can be detected by noise it causes inside Central Processing Unit (CPU). It can also gauge
temperature of CPU and ascertain if device is carrying out high intensity activity, like malware
search, and act to evade detection
GravityRAT sends data to Command and Control servers based in several countries sent in
encrypted format, making it difficult to detect exactly what is leaked.
InSight Mission: NASA launches robotic lander to explore Mars
May 7, 2018
NASA launched first-ever InSight (Interior Exploration using Seismic Investigations, Geodesy and
Heat Transport) lander dedicated to exploring the deep interior of Mars. It was launched aboard
United Launch Alliance (ULA) Atlas V rocket from Space Launch Complex-3 at Vandenberg Air Force
Base in California. The rocket also launched two mini-spacecraft called Mars Cube One (MarCO) —
MarCO-A and MarCO-B.
Key Facts
InSight is solar and battery-powered terrestrial planet explorer (robotic lander) that aims to address
one of most fundamental issues of planetary and solar system science. It will help in understanding
processes that shaped rocky planets of inner solar system (including Earth) more than four billion
years ago. The lander is expected to land on Mars in November 2018.
The mission was envisaged as part of NASA’s Discovery Program mission that aims to place
stationary lander equipped with seismometer and heat transfer probe on surface of Mars to study
red planet’s early geological evolution. The lander is designed to operate for 26 Earth months, or one
year on Mars.
The robotic lander will perform a radio science experiment to study internal structure of Mars by
deploying Seismic Experiment for Interior Structure (seismometer) and Seismic Experiment for
Interior Structure (burrowing heat probe). It will measure Mar’s vital signs such as pulse
(seismology), temperature (heat flow probe) and reflexes (precision tracking). It will let scientists
understand how different its crust, mantle and core are from Earth.
MarCO consists of two briefcase-sized CubeSats that will fly on their own path to Mars behind
InSight lander, but is independent of InSight mission. They are first test of CubeSat technology in
deep space or at another planet. They are designed to test new communications and navigation
capabilities for future missions and may aid InSight communications. If successful, MarCOs will offer
new kind of communication capability to deep space missions to Earth.

Scientists identify key peptide to develop a vaccine for leptospirosis

May 7, 2018
Researchers from Gujarat Biotechnology Research Centre, Gandhinagar have successfully identified
key peptide that can be used to develop a new preventive vaccine against leptospirosis. In their
study, researchers had identified peptide sequences that could bind to vaccine for long-lasting
immune response.

Key Facts
The researchers had used bioinformatics (computational biology analysis) approach to study whole
protein set of bacteria Leptospira interrogans key peptide and narrowed search down to one effective
immunogenic protein. This protein was found to be present in almost all serovars (different types
within species) of bacteria and can be effective vaccine candidate against most serovars. They had
predicted antigenicity of peptide i.e. ability to bind to antibody present on T cells and B cells for
inducing immune response.
Among these proteins, they had further searched to identify outer membrane proteins as these are
known to play important roles in interaction between bacteria and their host. Then they looked for
sites on human T cells and B cells where antigen could bind. The identification of target sites is key
step in vaccine design.
Leptospirosis
Leptospirosis is an emerging tropical infectious bacterial disease that affects humans and animals. It
caused by corkscrew-shaped bacteria called Leptospira. It causes almost 60,000 deaths every year,
globally. The bacteria can be transmitted via exposure to contaminated water or soil or direct
contact with reservoirs hosts like wild or domestic animals. In humans, it can cause a wide range of
symptoms such as mild headaches, muscle pains, and fevers to severe with bleeding from the lungs
or meningitis. Currently there is no preventive vaccine for humans that are available in market.
Western Ghats’ forests vital for monsoon rainfall in Tamil Nadu: Study
May 7, 2018
Researchers have found that dense vegetation in Western Ghats determines amount of rainfall that
Tamil Nadu gets during the summer monsoon. The study highlights importance of urgent need to
stop deforestation in the Western Ghats.
Key Highlights of Study
Researchers had used models to compare contribution of Western Ghats with and without forest
cover to study role of vegetation cover in Western Ghats in supplying moisture to southwest
monsoon rainfall. They had selected three years (1993, 1999 and 2002) for their study when Tamil
Nadu had experienced extreme deficit in summer monsoon rainfall.
The study found that dense forests of Western Ghats contribute as much as 40% of moisture to
southwest monsoon rainfall over Tamil Nadu during normal monsoon years. The average
contribution is 25-30%, but during monsoon deficit years, contribution increases to as high as 50%.
The forests of Western Ghats contribute as much as 3 mm per day of rainfall during August and
September over majority of locations in Tamil Nadu and 1 mm per day during June and July. But
when vegetation cover is removed from Western Ghats, there is significant drop in rainfall in range
of 1-2.5 mm per day. This translates to average of 25% of total monsoon rainfall over Tamil Nadu.
The deforestation of forests in Western Ghats has led to 0.25 degree C increase in surface
temperature across state. It has reduced rainfall over the State by 40-50% during all three years. If
there is no vegetation in Ghats then Tamil Nadu will be severely impacted especially during the
monsoon-deficit years. The study shows that Western Ghats acts as capacitor and forest land and
vegetation gets recharged with water during wet spell and during break periods moisture is released
and which contributes to rainfall to state.
Hidden reserves of water ice discovered under surface of moon
May 7, 2018
Scientists from Tohoku University in Japan have found mineral called moganite in lunar meteorite
that point to presence of abundant hidden reserves of water ice under the surface of the moon. The
mineral discovered in a desert in northwest Africa could be potentially useful for future human
exploration of moon.
Key Facts
Moganite is a crystal of silicon dioxide (SiO₂). It is known to form on earth in specific circumstances
in sedimentary settings from alkaline fluids. It was so far never detected in samples of lunar rock.
Researchers believe that mineral formed on surface of moon in area called Procellarum Terrane as
water which was originally present in lunar dirt that had evaporated due to exposure to strong
sunlight. But in the subsurface, abundant water remains in the form of ice.

India to host 15th Asia Media Summit

May 7, 2018
India is going to host 15th Asia Media Summit (AMS-2018) in New Delhi from May 10-12, 2018. The
summit is being organised by Asia-Pacific Institute for Broadcasting Development (AIBD) in
collaboration with its partners and international organisations.
Key Facts
The theme of the annual summit is “Telling our Stories- Asia and More”. It aims to provide unique
opportunity for broadcasters in Asia to share their thoughts on broadcasting and information. It will
be attended by media professionals, scholars, policy makers and stakeholders of news and
programming from Asia, Pacific, Africa, Europe, Middle East and North America will attend the
annual conference
Asia-Pacific Institute for Broadcasting Development (AIBD)
AIDB is regional inter-governmental organisation servicing countries of United Nations Economic
and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific (UN-ESCAP) in field of electronic media development.
It was established in 1977 under auspices of UNESCO. It is hosted by Government of Malaysia and its
secretariat is located in Kuala Lumpur.
The AIBD is mandated to achieve vibrant and cohesive electronic media environment in Asia-Pacific
region through policy and resource development. Currently it has 26 full members (countries),
represented by 34 organisations and 67 Affiliate Members (organisations) and over 50 partners in
Asia, Pacific, Europe, Africa, Arab States and North America.
Border Roads Organisation celebrates 58th Raising Day
May 7, 2018
Border Roads Organisation (BRO) celebrated its 58th Raising Day on 7 May 2018. BRO is leading
government organisation in arena of infrastructural development in the border areas of the country.
Since its inception in 1960, it has grown from 02 to 19 projects. The works executed by it have
ensured territorial integrity and socio-economic upliftment of most inaccessible regions of country
Border Roads Organisation (BRO)
BRO plays pivotal role in construction, maintenance and upgradation of strategic infrastructure in
remote and far flung border areas of India. It also develops and maintains road networks in friendly
neighbouring countries. It functions under Defence Ministry. It was established on 7 May 1960 and is
headquartered in New Delhi.
Officers from Border Roads Engineering Service (BRES) and personnel from General Reserve
Engineer Force (GREF) form parent cadre of BRO. It is also staffed by officers and troops drawn from
Indian Army’s Corps of Engineers, Army Service Corps, Electrical and Mechanical Engineers and
army personnel on extra regimental employment.
May 8, 2018
First Apex Conference for CEOs of Smart Cities held in Bhopal
May 8, 2018
The First Apex Conference for CEOs of Smart Cities was held in Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh. It was
organised by Union Urban Affairs Ministry and inaugurated by Minister of State (I/C) for Housing &
Urban Affairs.The conference aimed to provided single platform for convergence of all best practices
in Smart city missions across country to help city leaders to use collective learning to accelerate
progress of work. It also aimed to provide momentum to cities and platform for cross-learning,
sharing and disseminating experience gained over past two and a half years.
Key Facts
The two-day conference was organised for providing platform for cross learning and knowledge
sharing among Smart City CEOs. It enabled CEOs to learn from experiences of all city leaders to
understand in greater details both successes and failures.
Apart from Smart City CEOs, the conference saw participation of representatives from municipal,
State and Central Government and various other stakeholders in Smart City Mission from the civil
society, academia, industry etc.
Background
Since its launch in June 2015, Smart Cities Mission (SCM) has been one of the most transformational
urban missions. Total 99 cities have been selected for development as Smart Cities. Under it, key

projects such as digitally integrated smart city centres, street re-design, installation of solar rooftop
on buildings etc. have initiated for the process of urban transformation, enhancing liveability of
cities.
So far 3,012 projects worth Rs. 1,38,984 crore have been identified for implementation under SCM.
Out of which, over 750 projects of more than Rs 25,000 crore have been completed or are being
implemented. The CEOs of Smart City Special Purpose Vehicle (SPVs) through their leadership role in
driving the implementation of smart city projects have been instrumental in achieving
transformational outcomes envisaged under the Mission.
CBDT notifies Protocol amending DTAA between India and Kuwait
May 8, 2018
The Central Board of Direct Taxes (CBDT) has notified protocol to amend existing Double Taxation
Avoidance Agreement (DTAA) between India and Kuwait. The DTAA between both countries was
signed in June 2006 for the avoidance of double taxation and for prevention of fiscal evasion with
respect to taxes on income.
Key Facts
The said protocol amends existing DTAA was entered into force in March 2018. It updates the
provisions in DTAA for exchange of information as per international standards. Further, it enables
sharing of information received from Kuwait for tax purposes with other law enforcement agencies
with authorisation of competent authority of Kuwait and vice versa.
Double Taxation Avoidance Agreement (DTAA)
DTAA is a tax treaty signed between countries (or any two/multiple countries) so that taxpayers do
not pay double taxes on their income earned from source country as well as their residence country.
So far, India has signed double tax avoidance treaties with more than 80 countries around the world.
The need for DTAA arises out of imbalance in tax collection on global income of individuals. person
aims to do business in foreign country, he may end up paying income taxes in both countries i.e. in
the country where income is earned and country where individual holds his citizenship or residence.
DTAA helps to taxpayers to do away issues of paying double taxes.
Benefits of DTAA
Tax payers do not have to pay double taxes on the same income. It has lower withholding tax (Tax
Deduction at Source or TDS). It provides tax credits, certain exemption from taxes. It also minimises
opportunity for tax evasion for tax payers in either or both of countries between which the bilateral
and multilateral DTAA agreement have been signed.
NITI Aayog ink SoI with Google to help grow AI ecosystem in India
May 8, 2018
The NITI Aayog has signed Statement of Intent (SoI) with search engine giant Google to work
together to foster growth for India’s nascent artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML)
ecosystem,
Key Facts
Under the aegis of this program, Google will train and incubate Indian AI startups in accelerator
program. These startups will be mentored and coached by Google and its affiliates to enable them to
better leverage AI in their respective business models.
Moreover, Indian researchers, scholars and university faculty will be funded to help bolster research
ecosystem for conducting AI-based research. Further, Google will also bring its online training
courses on AI to students, graduates and engineers to numerous cities across India, in form of study
groups and developer-run courses.
Google will also conduct hands-on training programs to sensitise policymakers and technical experts
in governments about relevant AI tools, and to use them for streamlining governance. Under this
partnership, NITI Aayog and Google will jointly organize AI/ML hackathon that will be focused on
solving key challenges within healthcare, education, agriculture, financial inclusion, transportation
and mobility etc. This hackathon may use Kaggle, a global platform to help facilitate international
participation into these planned hackathon challenges.
Background
NITI Aayog has been entrusted to setup national programme to conduct R&D in frontier
technologies such as AI. In furtherance of this mandate, NITI Aayog has been developing India’s

national strategy on AI along with National Data and Analytics Portal to enable wide deployment and
use of AI.
Government to set up additional 100 One Stop Centres for women safety
May 8, 2018
Ministry of Women and Child Development (WCD) in its Programme Approval Board (PAB) meeting
has approved setting up additional 100 One Stop Centres (OSCs) for women affected by violence.
These OSCs will be set up in Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Mizoram,
Nagaland, Odisha, Tamil Nadu and Uttar Pradesh.
One Stop Centres (OSC) scheme
Ministry of Women and Child Development (WCD) had launched Centrally Sponsored Scheme for
setting up One Stop Centres (OSC). It is funded from Nirbhaya Fund. The purpose of these OSCs is to
provide integrated services for women affected with violence such as police assistance, medical aid,
psycho-social counselling, legal aid and counselling, temporary stay for 5 days etc. under one roof.
These Centres are being established across the country to provide integrated support and assistance
under one roof to women affected by violence, both in private and public spaces in phased manner.
So far, Ministry of WCD has set up 182 Centres since April, 2015. These centres have assisted over 1.3
lakh women affected by violence in 33 States/UTs. Every OSC is integrated with scheme of
Universalization of Women’s Helpline (181) of the WCD Ministry which is operational in 30
States/UTs.
Bhupathy’s shieldtail: New species of shieldtail snake discovered in Western Ghats
May 8, 2018
Scientists have discovered a new species of shieldtail snake named Bhupathy’s shieldtail from the
Western Ghats in Tamil Nadu. It is presently only known to exist in Anaikatty hills of Tamil Nadu
which is dominated by deciduous type of vegetation.
Key Facts
Bhupathy’s shieldtail was named in honour of Dr Subramanian Bhupathy who was a noted Indian
herpetologist. Scientifically it is named Uropeltis bhupathyi. It differs from other members of its
group as it has a broader and longer head. It also has more number of scales on its belly. The news
species is facing threats from habitat loss, road traffic and possible fungal infection that leads to
deformed heads. It has been categorised it as ‘data deficient’ in IUCN Red list of threatened species as
of now.
Background
At present, there are 45 known species of shieldtail snakes around the world, of which 30 are
endemic to India and 15 to Sri Lanka. The name ‘shieldtail’ derives from their heavily keeled tails that
terminate in disk-like shields or multiple spines in most species.
They are small sized snakes, typically 25 to 50 cm in length. They live in loose soil among plant roots
or under decaying vegetation. They are non-venomous, inoffensive. They come in a variety of colors,
mostly dark shades of grayish black or brown. They have short head and mouth and feed on
earthworms and arthropods.
3rd edition of UNPCAP held in New Delhi
May 8, 2018
The third edition of United Nations Peacekeeping Course for African Partners (UNPCAP) was held in
New Delhi from May 7 to 25, 2018. The course was conducted by Centre for United Nations
Peacekeeping in India (CUNPK) in partnership with United States
Key Facts
UNPCAP-03 was aimed at building and enhancing capacity of the African Troop Contributing
Countries to UN and to further train trainers from these countries. The students who participated in
this two week course included officers who are currently employed in their respective peacekeeping
training centres. These African military officers will in turn train troops in their respective countries.
The first and second editions of the course were held in New Delhi in 2016 and 2017. These courses
are being seen as milestone in many ways at international forum, which also reflect India.
India and UN Peacekeeping
India is the largest cumulative troop contributor to UN Peacekeeping Missions mandated to
maintain stability and negotiate peace settlement in turbulent regions across the world. So far India

has provided almost 200,000 troops in nearly 50 of 71 UN peacekeeping missions over past six
decades, including 13 of current 16 missions.
POSHAN Abhiyaan: India inks $200 million loan agreement with World Bank
May 8, 2018
The Union Government has signed $200 million loan agreement with World Bank for National
Nutrition Mission (POSHAN Abhiyaan) for 315 districts across all states and union territories. The
loan proceeds will be used for reducing stunting in children 0-6 years of age from 38.4% to 25% by
2022 under POSHAN Abhiyaan.
POSHAN Abhiyaan
POSHAN Abhiyaan (Prime Minister’s Overarching Scheme for Holistic Nutrition) was launched in
Jhunjhunu, Rajasthan in March 2018. It aims to ensure holistic development and adequate nutrition
for pregnant women, mothers and children.
It targets to reduce level of under-nutrition and other related problems by ensuring convergence of
various nutrition related schemes. It also targets stunting, under-nutrition, anaemia (among young
children, women and adolescent girls) and low birth rate. It will monitor and review implementation
of all such schemes and utilize existing structural arrangements of line ministries wherever
available.
Its large component involves gradual scaling-up of the interventions supported by ongoing World
Bank assisted Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS) Systems Strengthening and Nutrition
Improvement Project (ISSNIP) to all districts in the country by 2022.
Work Bank Load
The World Bank loan will be used for improving coverage and quality of ICDS nutrition services to
pregnant and lactating women and children under 3 years of age. It will be also used for project in
improving skills and capacities of ICDS staff and community nutrition workers, instituting
mechanisms of community mobilization and behaviour change communication, strengthening
systems of citizen engagement and grievance redress.
It will be also used for establishing mobile technology based tools for improved monitoring and
management of services for better outreach to beneficiaries during critical 1,000 day window for
nutrition impact. It will additionally ensure convergence of all nutrition related schemes and provide
performance based incentives to states and community nutrition and health workers, facilitating a
focus on results.
Google launches Android Things for IoT platform
May 8, 2018
Alphabet Inc’s Google launched Android Things (codenamed Brillo), a variant (or spinoff) of Android
operating system for Internet of Things (IoT) devices such as smart home appliances and other smart
machines. Its goal is to enable IoT machines developers to be built faster, cheaper and more secure.
Android Things
It is Android-based embedded operating system (OS) platform developed by Google. It is aimed to be
used with low-power and memory constrained Internet of Things (IoT) devices, which are usually
built from different microcontroller unit (MCU) platforms.
Android Things as an IoT OS it is designed to work as low as 32–64 MB of RAM. It will support
Bluetooth Low Energy and Wi-Fi. Google also introduced Weave protocol along with Android Things,
which will be used by these devices, will use to communicate with other other. Every Android device
can automatically recognize any Brillo OS or Weave API based device. Users can choose a device, set
it up and use it immediately.
CSWRI scientists comes up with new sheep insemination technique
May 8, 2018
Scientists at Central Sheep and Wool Research Institute (CSWRI), Avikanagar, Rajasthan have come
up with new laparascope-assisted insemination technique for sheep breeding. It is minor invasive
laparascopic technique involves passing rigid fibre-optic laparoscope into abdomen through small
incision. Using it, reproductive tract of sheep is located through camera and frozen semen is
deposited into uterus.
Significance of new technique
The new technique has resolved difficulties involved in freezing of semen and inability to transit

tortuous reproductive tract of sheep kept as livestock. Earlier, success with frozen semen in sheep
was very low because of its poor freezability.
The new technique will also help achieve up to 60% survival in birth of lambs. Moreover, it will have
immense potential for rapid multiplication of elite germplasm. Using this technique, as many as 40
females can be inseminated from a single ejaculate. It will also be of great help in the breed
improvement programmes.
Government to expand Van Dhan Vikas Kendras in Tribal Districts across country
May 8, 2018
The Ministry of Tribal Affairs (MoTA) is going to expand Van Dhan Vikas Kendras in tribal districts
across the country. About 3000 such kendras are proposed to be set up in two years in all forested
Tribal Districts. Initially, it will be taken up on priority in 39 districts with more than 50% tribal
population and then gradually will be expanded to other Tribal Districts across the country.
Van Dhan Yojana
It aims at mainstreaming tribal community by promoting primary level value addition to Non
Timber Minor Forest Produce (MFP) at grassroots level. It also aims to promote MFPs-centric
livelihood development of tribal gatherers and artisans. Through this initiative, the share of tribals in
the value chain of Non-Timber Forest Produce is expected to rise from present 20% to around 60%.
Implementation: It will be implemented through Ministry of Tribal Affairs at Central Level and
TRIFED as nodal agency at National Level. At State level, state nodal agency for MFPs and district
collectors will play pivot role in scheme implementation at grassroot level.
Van Dhan Vikas Kendra
TRIFED will facilitate establishment of MFP-led multi-purpose Van Dhan Vikas Kendras in the tribal
areas. These kendras will be cluster of 10 SHGs comprising of 30 tribal MFP gatherers each. They will
provide skill upgradation and capacity building training and setting up of primary processing and
value addition facility. Locally the Kendras will be managed by a Managing Committee (an SHG)
consisting of representatives of Van Dhan SHGs in cluster.
May 9, 2018
Business Optimism Index: India slips to 6th position globally in first quarter of 2018
May 9, 2018
India was ranked 6th on Global Optimism Index released as part of Grant Thornton’s International
Business Report (IBR) in the first quarter of 2018. The report was prepared based on the results of a
survey of 2,500 businesses in 37 economies.
Key Facts
The top five nations are Austria, Finland, Indonesia, the Netherlands and US. India with a score of 89
was ranked at the sixth place in the index. India had topped the chart for four years, but business
optimism in India deteriorated while entering the last year of the current Government led by Prime
Minister Narendra Modi.
Underlying pessimism in India’s Business Optimism is reflected in other parameters as well
including revenue, selling prices, profitability, employment and exports expectations. Indian
businesses have been citing regulations and red tape, availability of skilled workforce, lack of ICT
infrastructure and shortage of finance as biggest growth constraints. Even aftersignificant jump in
World Bank’s Ease of Doing Business ranking, India still continues to rank first or second in quoting
these reasons as the key hurdles for growth.
Arun-3 Hydropower Project: Nepal grants license to India’s Satluj Jal Vidyut Nigam Ltd to generate
power
May 9, 2018
Nepal Government has granted power generation licence to Indian government-owned subsidiary
Satluj Jal Vidyut Nigam Ltd (SJVNL) from a 900-megawatt (MW) Arun-3 Hydropower Project located
in eastern Nepal.
The permit was granted in line with the decision of meeting of Investment Board Nepal (IBN) board
of directors chaired by Prime Minister KP Sharma Oli.
Key Facts
IBN also has granted several extensions for financial closure of the project. It includes local share and
free energy to residents of affected area. Nepal government will also receive benefits worth Rs.

(Nepali) 348 billion from project as royalty, income tax, customs tariff and free energy in concession
period of 25 years. The project will also provide 21.9% or 197MW s of the generated energy free of cost
to Nepal.
Background
Arun-3 Project is largest capacity project in history of hydroelectricity of Nepa. It is scheduled to be
constructed within next five years on Arun river. It is an export-oriented project and it will sell the
electricity to India. Indian government so far has approved investment of Rs 57.24 billion proposed
by SJVN in Arun-3.
The project was supposed to be constructed under assistance of World Bank Group some two
decades back. However, protests against reservoir projects back then forced World Bank to drop the
project. The project was later awarded to the Indian company through competitive bidding 10 years
ago.
Naval Commanders’ Conference held New Delhi
May 9, 2018
The first edition of this year’s bi-annual Naval Commanders’ Conference was held in New Delhi from
8 to 11 May 2018. It discussed aspects concerning country’s maritime security, analyse mission-based
deployments and larger issues of geo-strategic Indian Ocean Region (IOR), a region witnessing
increasing Chinese presence.
Key Facts
During the conference, top echelons of Indian Navy reviewed its new Mission-Based Deployments
philosophy aimed at ensuring peace and stability in the region. The new deployment philosophy is in
furtherance of Prime Minister’s vision of Security and Growth for All in the Region (SAGAR). It aims
at sustained, peaceful and yet responsive presence of Indian Naval ships in critical areas and choke
points.
It also examined various measures taken to improve combat efficiency, including new transition
cycle for ships for transition from maintenance periods through training phase and thereon to full
scale operations will be examined at conference. Indian Navy’s focus over past year has been on
combat efficiency and materiel readiness, and upkeep of its large fleet of 131 ships and submarines.
It also reviewed measures to ensure safety, continued training, and checks and balances on crew
proficiency on-board its frontline warships. It also undertook review of overhaul of training
standards of units by revamping ‘Ship Operating Standards (SHOPS)’. The new SHOPS will be
unveiled shortly and it focuses on Role-based training in realistic scenarios and sets standards to be
met by units as also targets individual crew proficiency levels.
It also deliberated upon steps to improve Teeth-to-Tail ratio and explore niche fields such as
Artificial Intelligence and Big Data Analytics. Moreover, it also focused on harnessing cutting-edge
technology, specifically those ‘Made-in-India’, to improve organisational effectiveness and efficiency.
Background
Indian Ocean is considered the backyard of Indian Navy. It is critical to India’s strategic interests.
Over the years, the region has witnessed increasing Chinese presence. China increased its presence
in IOR by constructing deep-sea Gwadar Port in southern Pakistan and naval base in Djibouti in
Horn of Africa. The region also has seen increase in deployment of Chinese ships for anti-piracy
operations.
TRAI releases draft of telecom interconnection regulation
May 9, 2018
The Telecom Regulatory Authority of India (TRAI) issued draft Telecommunication Interconnection
(Amendment) Regulations 2018 to amend interconnect regulations, proposing certain changes in
terms and conditions for operators to seek fresh call connect ports from other telecom operators.
Key Features of draft rules
Service provider can ask another operator for additional ports or Point of Interconection (POI), in
case projected utilisation of capacity is likely to exceed 85% over 60 day period. The time frame for
provisioning of ports for initial interconnection and augmentation is proposed to be increased to
maximum 42 working days.
Telecom operator will have to give forecast of outgoing call traffic of busy hours for each
interconnect point once every six months (April 1 and October 1) to interconnecting service provider.

The first such forecast has to be given within two months from commencement of these amended
regulations.
Background
The issue of inter-connectivity had been major flashpoint between Reliance Jio and incumbent
telecom operators like Airtel, Idea Cellular and Vodafone at the time when Jio launched its services in
2016. Jio had accused old operators of not providing it sufficient POIs leading to call failures, while
operators blamed free calls offered by newcomer for tsunami of network traffic. In 2016, TRAI had
also recommended imposing Rs. 1,050 crore penalty each on Airtel and Vodafone and Rs. 950 crore
on Idea Cellular for violating quality of service rules.
Asia Power Index: India ranks fourth in Asia-Pacific region
May 9, 2018
India was ranked fourth out of 25 nations in Asia-Pacific region in the inaugural Asia Power Index
released by Australian think tank Lowy Institute.
Asia Power Index
It measures overall power of countries and territories in Asia-Pacific region. A country’s overall
power is its weighted average across eight measures of power – economic resources, military
capability, diplomatic influence, economic relationships, resilience, future trends, defence networks
and cultural influence.
Key Facts
Three of the world’s four largest economies are in Asia and United States is Pacific power. By 2025,
two-thirds of world’s population will live in Asia, compared to just over a tenth in the West.
According to it, US remained to be pre-eminent power in Asia, while China, an emerging superpower
is rapidly closing in on United States.
It ranked Russia, South Korea, Australia, Singapore, Malaysia, Indonesia, Thailand, New Zealand,
Vietnam, Taiwan, Pakistan, Philippines and North Korea as middle powers, while Bangladesh,
Myanmar, Brunei, Cambodia, Sri Lanka, Mongolia, Laos and Nepal as “minor powers.”
The index held that Japan and India are countries sharing major power status. It labelled Japan as
smart power and called India giant of future. India was ranked fourth on parameters of economic
resources, military capability and diplomatic influence. It was ranked fifth on resilience. However, on
the parameters of cultural influence and future trends, India scored well by ranking third in both.
India also scored low on measure of economic relationships and defence networks, ranking seventh
and seventh respectively.
Madhya Pradesh launches India’s first Integrated Control and Command Centre for its smart cities
May 9, 2018
Bhopal Smart City Development Corporation Ltd. (BSCDCL) has launched India’s first cloud-based
Common Integrated Data Centre, Disaster Recovery Centre and Integrated Control and Command
Centre (ICCC). It is powered by Hewlett Packard (HP) Enterprise’s Universal Internet of Things (IoT)
Platform.
Key Facts
ICCC will enable Madhya Pradesh State administration to monitor and administer multiple city civic
utilities and citizen services across seven smart cities in state through central cloud. These seven
cities include Bhopal, Gwalior, Jabalpur, Indore, Ujjain, Satna, and Sagar.
It will also enable state-wide monitoring of these cities from central command view and result in
significant cost savings as compared to deploying full-fledged data and disaster recovery centre
along with command control centres in each of these seven cities.
HP has provided an end-to-end solution for BSCDCL that combines its Universal IoT platform,
industry leading servers, Edge compute systems, HP Pointnext services and broad ecosystem of
partners. HP Universal IoT platform is critical to ICCC, as it adapts and integrates thousands of
discrete sensors and applications on platform.
It will enable state government to remotely manage and control various citizen services via single
platform. These services include Smart Parking, Smart Lighting, Smart Traffic and Transport, Smart
Waste Management and Smart Water.

India, Guatemala ink MoU for expanding cooperation in diplomatic training

May 9, 2018
India and Guatemala have signed pact for strengthening diplomatic cooperation through Respective
Foreign Service Institutes in educational field. The agreement was signed after meeting between
Vice President M Venkaiah Naidu and his Guatemala counterpart, Jafeth Cabrera Franco in
Guatemala City. Vice President M Venkaiah Naidu visit Guatemala as part of his first official foreign
visit to three countries Guatemala, Panama and Peru to strengthen India’s relations with them.
Key Outcomes of meeting
Both countries agreed to support each other’s candidature for Non-Permanent Membership in
United Nations Security Council (UNSC). Guatemala will support India’s candidature for UNSC
membership for 2021-22 while New Delhi will do so for 2031-32 for Guatemala.
Indian side also agreed to Guatemala’s request for supplying solar panels to its airports. They also
signed MoU for training of diplomats and Letter of Intent (LoI) for training Guatemalan English
Teachers in India. These agreements will be valid for three years and will be extended thereafter, if
required.
Guatemala
Guatemala is a country in Central America bordered by Mexico to north and west, Pacific Ocean to
southwest, Belize to northeast, Caribbean to east, Honduras to east and El Salvador to southeast. It is
the most populated state in Central America. Guatemala is largest and capital city of Guatemala. The
diplomatic relations between India and Guatemala were established in 1972. Both nations were part
of the Non-Aligned Movement.
Indian Pharmacopoeia Commission approves modern animal-free testing for drugs

May 9, 2018
Indian Pharmacopoeia Commission (IPC) has in its 2018 edition of Indian Pharmacopoeia approved
modern, animal-free tests for drug manufacturers. It will spare animals from suffering due to drug
experiments.
2018 Indian Pharmacopoeia
It provides guidelines on tests for drugs manufactured and marketed in India. It replaces pyrogen
test carried out on rabbits and abnormal toxicity test carried out on guinea pigs and mice with tests
that can be done in test tubes. These guidelines will come into effect from July 1, 2018.
The pyrogen test will be replaced by bacterial endotoxin test or monocyte activation test which can
be carried out in test tubes. For abnormal toxicity test, Vaccine manufacturers can apply for waiver
by getting compliance certificate from National Control Laboratory.
Background
People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals (PETA) India was pushing for doing away with cruel
methods of testing on animals for the past several years. It had written to IPC in 2015 with several
suggestions. These suggestions were discussed in a meeting of expert committee on vaccine
standards that was held in 2016 and few of them have finally approved by IPC.
Pyrogen test is carried out to check impurity or substance that can cause adverse side-effects. For
the test, drug is injected into rabbit and animal is closely observed for feverish symptoms. The
abnormal toxicity test is carried out to check potential hazardous biological contamination in

vaccine formulations. This batch test is done before product is approved for marketing. In this, mice
or guinea pigs are injected with vaccine. The scientists observe if there is death of any animal.
Indian Pharmacopoeia Commission (IPC)

IPC is an autonomous institution of Ministry of Health and Family Welfare to set standards of drugs
in country. Its basic function is to update regularly standards of drugs commonly required for
treatment of diseases prevailing in the region. These set of standards are published under title Indian
Pharmacopoeia (IP) similar to British Pharmacopoeia and United States Pharmacopeia. IPC publishes
official documents for improving Quality of Medicines by way of adding new and updating existing
monographs in form of IP. It also promotes rational use of generic medicines by publishing National
Formulary of India. IPC was established by executive orders in 1945 according to Indian Drugs and
Cosmetics Act, 1940. It is headquartered in Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh.
May 10, 2018
India’s installed clean energy capacity touched 70 GW: Government
May 10, 2018
According to Ministry of New and Renewable Energy (MNRE), India’s installed clean (renewable)
energy capacity has already touched 70 Gigawatts (GW) and 38 GW is under implementation. This
shows that India is progressing fast in areas of renewable energy and it is committed to meeting
target of having 175 GW renewable energy (100GW Solar, 60 GW Wind, 10 GW Biomass and 5 GW
Hydro) by 2022.
Key Facts
The 70 GW installed renewable energy capacity in country is double of capacity four year back. So
far, around 56,000 solar power pumps were installed in FY 2017-18, which is highest ever in single
year. The renewable energy capacity of 11,788 MW was s added during FY 2017-18, which was the
highest ever in single year. MNRE has bid out 32,500 MW capacities in last fiscal, which is nearly 10
times capacity commissioned in 2013-14. It also has boasted about discovering lowest wind and solar
power tariff of Rs 2.43 and Rs 2.44 per unit, respectively, in the last fiscal through tariff based
competitive bidding. India also generated 100 billion units of electricity through renewables last
fiscal, which is highest ever so far.
India to grow 7.4% in 2018: IMF’s Asia & Pacific Regional Economic Outlook report
May 10, 2018
The International Monetary Fund (IMF) in its Asia and Pacific Regional Economic Outlook report has
reaffirmed that India will be the fastest growing major economy in 2018, with growth rate of 7.4%
and 7.8% in 2019.
Key Facts
India’s medium-term growth prospects remain positive. India is recovering from effects of
demonetisation and introduction of Goods and Services Tax (GST). The recovery is expected to be
underpinned by rebound from transitory shocks as well as robust private consumption.
Medium-term consumer price index inflation is forecasted to remain within but closer to upper
bound of Reserve Bank of India’s (RBI) inflation-targeting band of 4% with a plus or minus 2% change.
Given increased inflation pressure, monetary policy should maintain a tightening bias. India’s
current account deficit in fiscal year 2017-18 is expected to widen somewhat but will remain modest,

financed by robust foreign direct investment inflows

South Asian Region: After India, Bangladesh is projected to be fastest-growing economy in South
Asia followed by Sri Lanka and Nepal. (Pakistan, which is grouped with Middle East, was not covered
in this report). Overall, South Asia continues will be both fastest-growing region in the world and
main engine of world’s economy.
The region contributes more than 60% of global growth and three-quarters of this comes from India
and China, which is expected to grow 6.6 % in 2018 and 6.4% in 2019. US Government’s fiscal
stimulus is expected to support Asia’s exports and investment.
However, in the medium term downside risks dominate for region and these include tightening of
global financial conditions, shift toward protectionist policies, and increase in geopolitical tensions.
Because of these uncertainties countries in the region need to follow conservative policies aimed at
building buffers and increasing resilience and push ahead with structural reforms.
15th Finance Commission forms constitutes advisory council over terms of reference issue
May 10, 2018
The Fifteenth Finance Commission (FCC) headed by NK Singh has constituted Advisory Council to
advise and assist Commission on issue or subject related to Terms of Reference (ToR) to quell strong
opposition from some states over 2011 census. The council comprises Arvind Virmani, former chief
economic advisor, Surjit S Bhalla, Sajjid Chinoy, Neelkanth Mishra, Sanjeev Gupta, and Pinaki
Chakraborty.
ToR of Advisory Council
It will also assist the commission in preparation of any paper or research study which would enhance
Commission’s understanding on issues containing in its ToR. It will also help commission in
broadening its ambit and understanding to seek best national and international practices on matters
pertaining to fiscal devolution and improving the quality and reach and enforcement of its
recommendations.
Comment
The council’s role is advisory in nature and it cannot tweak on its own ToR of the 15th Finance
commission. Any change in ToR will be made by Central Government with assent of President. The
setting up of council by FFC will also serve to ease pressure on Centre over ToR. Some southern
states have claimed that progressive states are ones stand to lose if FFC follows its ToR and takes
2011 census as basis for the devolution of central funds, instead of 1971, that was adopted earlier.
Background
Finance Commission is constitutionally-mandated body established once every five years by
President to devise a formula for distributing net tax proceeds between centre and states as well as
among states and local bodies. The recommendations of 15th Finance Commission (FFC) will come
into effect from 1 April 2020.
The ToR of 15th Finance Commission have drawn protests from many states, especially from
southern ones, over its mandate to use 2011 Census data over 1971 Census data for resource
allocation.
The ToR of FFC as decided by centre have been criticized by southern ones, as being against spirit of
cooperative fiscal federalism. The centre has mandated toFFC that population data for determining
states’ share of tax revenues should be based on the 2011 Census, rather than the earlier practice of
using the 1971 Census.
Issue with 2011 Census: Southern states, as well as states such as Punjab and Odisha have succeeded
in reducing their population growth rates in recent decades while growth rates of most northern
states including Uttar Pradesh and Bihar have remained high. Southern states allege that if FFC uses
2011 Census data, more resources will be transferred to northern states, thus penalizing states that
have succeeded in controlling population.
President Donald Trump withdraws US from Iran nuclear deal
May 10, 2018
United States President Donald Trump unilaterally withdrew US from historic 2015 Iran nuclear deal
or Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA) deal signed between Iran and P5+1 countries. It also
reimposed sanctions on Iran that were lifted by the JCPOA. Trump administration cited that it
cannot prevent Iran nuclear bomb and nuclear deal is defective at its core as it does not target Iran’s

ballistic missile programme, its nuclear activities beyond 2025, and its role in conflicts in Yemen and
Syria. However other parties to the deal China, France, Russia, UK, Germany and European Union are
still supporting it, thus avoiding entire collapse of JCPOA.
Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA)
It is informally called as ‘Iran nuclear deal’. It is multilateral nuclear deal signed between Iran and
P5+1 (five permanent members of United Nations Security Council- US, China, France, Russia, and
UK), plus Germany and European Union (EU), in Vienna in July 2015.
The JCPOA is aimed at preventing Iran from building nuclear weapon, involved lifting of
international sanctions in return for Tehran curbing its nuclear programme. This plan ensured that
Iran will drastically reduce its uranium enriching capacity and levels, enriched stockpiles and
centrifuges and will allow for stringent inspection and monitoring by international agencies
including International International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA).
In exchange for Iran compliance to deal, economic sanctions that had kept Iran away from
international banking and the global oil trade were lifted It allowed Iran to make business deals and
also unfroze billions of dollars Iran had overseas before multilateral sanctions were imposed on Iran
over its nuclear programme.

India’s Position
India has been extremely supportive of the Iran nuclear deal. It always maintained that Iranian
nuclear issue should be resolved peacefully through dialogue and diplomacy by respecting Iran’s
right to peaceful uses of nuclear energy. It also held that all parties should engage constructively to
address and resolve issues that have arisen with respect to JCPOA.
Impact on India
Indian interests in Afghanistan and West Asia are at stake after US pulling out of the JCPOA. It may
have following impact
Energy trade: Iran is India’s third biggest supplier (after Iraq and Saudi Arabia) of crude oil, and any
increase in prices will hit both inflation levels and rupee. In February 2018, India had committed itself
to increasing its oil imports from Iran, which were expected to double to about 3,96,000 bpd (barrels
per day) in 2018-19 from about 2,05,000 bpd in 2017-18. Both countries have instituted several
measures in the past few months.
Implications in West Asia: US unilateral move to target Iran and side with its regional rivals Saudi
Arabia and Israel, could destabilise middle east (west asia) region where over 8 million Indian
migrants live and work.
Chabahar port: India is aiming to develop Shahid Beheshti Port in Chabahar to circumvent
Pakistan’s blocks on trade with landlocked Afghanistan. India has already committed about $85
million with plans for total of $500 million for the port. New US sanctions may slow or even bring
those plans to halt.
INSTC: India, a founder member of International North South Transport Corridor (INSTC) which
starts from Iran and aims to cut right across Central Asia to Russia over a 7,200-km multi-mode
network. Plans for INSTC gathered momentum after the JCPOA was signed in 2015 and sanctions on
Iran were lifted. New US sanctions threatens strictures on countries doing military trade with US’s
“adversaries: Russia, North Korea and Iran.
SCO membership: India had joined Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO) and Iran proposal for
induction into eight-member Eurasian security organisation was on the lie. If the proposal is
accepted, India will become a member of bloc that will be seen as anti-American.
Rules-based order: India has long been proponent of rules-based order that depends on multilateral
consensus and adherence to commitments made by countries on the international stage. This rules-
based multilateral order has been breached by Trump administration by walking out of JCPOA, as
well as earlier from Paris Climate Change agreement. India will have to consider new understanding
of its ties with US in this context for its interests.
Government approves green licence plates for private electric vehicles
May 10, 2018
The Ministry of Road Transport and Highways (MoRTH) has approved green licence plates bearing
numbers in white fonts for private e-vehicles and yellow for taxis to promote electric vehicles (e-

vehicles) in India. The purpose behind distinctive green number plates is easy identification of
electric vehicles for preferential treatment in parking, free entry in congested zones besides other
proposed benefits like concessional toll.
Need
As per estimate, India at present has 1 to 1.5 lakh electric vehicles. It is projected to grow to about 5%
of total vehicles in next five years. Of the about 24 million vehicles sold in India in 2017-18, e-vehicles
accounted for barely about 1%. Government has undertaken various measure aimed at promoting e-
vehicle’s use and government is considering exemption from permits for such vehicles.
Other Proposals
Besides, MoRTH is also contemplating permitting youth in age group of 16-18 years to drive e-
scooters, which are gearless and this will lead to a big demand for e-scooters. Currently, under the
Motor Vheicles Act, 1988, those in the age group of 16-18 years are granted licence for below 50 CC
gearless scooters.
It is also contemplating to ask taxi aggregators to have incremental share of e-vehicles from 2020
onwards, which could be 1% of the fleet every year. Similarly, all public transport operators are also
mandated to provide 1% incremental fleet from 2020 onwards.
It is also going to request Union Finance Ministry for 50% rate of depreciation on EVs as against the
rate of 15% for conventional vehicles. The proposals also include bringing down GST on batteries to
12% at par with the GST on EVs.
Number Plate regime in India
Currently, there are four kinds of number plates in India- white licence plates with numbers on black
font for private cars, yellow plates with fonts in black for commercial vehicles, black plates with yellow
font letters for self-driven rental vehicles and blue plates with white font letters for Embassies and
High Commissions. Official vehicles of President and governors have red licence plates with the
national emblem. Army vehicles follow different registration system given by Defence Ministry.
Government launches Digital India Internship Scheme portal
May 10, 2018
The Union Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology (MeITY) has launched the website of
Digital India Internship Scheme. The portal will facilitate students to apply online for internship. It
was launched by Information Technology Minister Ravi Prasad Shankar in New Delhi.
Digital India Internship Scheme
Objectives
Provide opportunity for student to secure first hand and practical work experience under guidance of qualified and
experienced Supervisor and Mentor.
Ensure active participation of students in learning process through experimentation and putting into practice the
knowledge acquired in the classrooms.
Under this scheme, 25 interns will be inducted for period of three months. These interns will be paid
a stipend of Rs. 10, 000 per month.
Eligibility: Indian students from recognized universities in India who have secured at least
60% marks in the last held degree or certificate examination. Students pursuing B.E/B.Tech or
M.E/M.Tech or dual degrees and are in their course of study can apply for internships on the portal.
Duration of Internship: It will be offered two times in year i.e. summer Internship during May and
June an winter Internship during December and January. The minimum duration of internship will
be of two months and extendable up to three months, depending on the performance of the
candidate.
Proposed broad areas for Internship: R&D, Cyber Laws & Cyber Security, e-Governance, Digital
Literacy (HRD), International Cooperation & Industrial Promotion, Hardware Industry and Digital
Payments and Electronic Testing.
Vijay Prahar exercise of Indian Army concludes in Suratgarh, Rajasthan
May 10, 2018
Indian Army’s month long Vijay Prahar exercise concluded in Suratgarh, Rajasthan. It was conducted
by South Western Command of Indian Army. The month-long exercise was aimed to orchestrate
wide spectrum of threats including Nuclear, Chemical or Biological (NCB) attack which are planned

to be tackled through high tempo joint air and land operation.

Vijay Prahar exercise
In this month long exercise, over 20,000 troops participated with fighting equipment for couple of
weeks to fine-tune jointmanship with Indian Air Force. It involved hundreds of aircrafts, thousands
of tanks and artillery pieces supported by real time intelligence, surveillance, reconnaissance and
logistic support.
The exercise was conducted to practice troops in penetrative manoeuvres across obstacle ridden
terrain under a nuclear umbrella. In it, formations of South Western Command practised and
operationalised certain innovative concepts of operating in network centric environment.
It also deployed integrated employment of modern day sensors with weapon platforms, employment
of attack helicopters in air cavalry role and bold offensive of application of Special Forces. The
formations refined their drills and procedures for fighting in nuclear environment during course of
the exercise.
South Western Command
The South Western Command of the Indian Army was established in April 2005 and became fully
operational on 15 August 2005. It is headquartered at Jaipur, Rajasthan. The command’s operational
units include I Corps, formerly under Central Command, and X Corps transferred from Western
Command.
Operation Insaniyat: India sends second relief consignment to Bangladesh for displaced Rohingyas
May 10, 2018
India has sent Bangladesh its second relief consignment under Operation Insaniyat to help tens of
thousands of displaced Rohingya Muslims who fled Myanmar into Bangladesh following military
crackdown in violence-hit Rakhine state.
Key Facts
Indian Navy Ship INS Airavat carrying 373-tonne relief consignment sailed from Vishakhapatnam
and reached Chattogram port (formerly Chittagong) Port. The second consignment mainly contained
104 tonnes of milk powder, 102 tonnes of dried fish, 61 tonnes of baby food, 50,000 raincoats and
50,000 pairs of gum boots. The relief is in view of specific needs of large number of Rohingya women
and children living in camps and onset of monsoon. Another tranche containing 1 million litres of
kerosene oil and 20,000 cooking stoves will be sent soon.
Background
Rohingya are stateless ethnic minority (mostly Muslim) from Rakhine province of Buddhist-majority
Myanmar, who are forced leave their country due to communal violence and repeated military
operations. According to UN estimates, over 6 lakh Rohingya Muslims have fled Myanmar’s violence
hit Rakhine state into Bangladesh since August 2017 when fresh wave of violence had erupted in this
province, triggering one of the world’s worst refugee crises.
The violence had started after Rohingya militants belonging to Arakan Rohingya Salvation Army
(also known as Harakat al-Yaqeen or Faith Movement) had attacked police posts in Myanmar’s
northern Rakhine state. Following this attack, Myanmar’s military had launched violent crackdown
on insurgents from Muslim Rohingya population which led to mass exodus of Rohingya Muslims into
neighboring Bangladesh.
Earlier in December 2017, India had announced development assistance of US $25 million for Rakhine
state. It also had sent relief materials for 300,000 Rohingyas in September 2017 under ‘Operation
Insaniyat’ to support Bangladesh in its humanitarian efforts.
India, Panama sign two agreements
May 10, 2018
India and Panama have signed two agreements on exemption of Visas for holders of Diplomatic and
Official Passports and in the field of Agriculture. These agreements were signed in the presence of
Vice President M Venkaiah Naidu and President of Panama Juan Carlos Varela Rodrigues in Panama
city. It was second leg of Vice President M Venkaiah Naidu’s his first official foreign visit to three
countries Guatemala, Panama and Peru to strengthen India’s relations with them.
Key Facts
India and Panama always had cordial relations. These ties are based on our common values and
shared commitment to democracy, pluralism, multi-culturalism, and the rule of law. During Vice

President M Venkaiah Naidu’s visit, both countries resolve to combat terrorism in all its forms and
manifestations. India will set up two centres for Biodiversity and Innovation in Panama worth US $10
million and US $15 million each. Both countries have agreed to boost cooperation in key areas by
strengthening cooperation in tax information, economic cooperation, air services, traditional
medicines, culture and space.
May 11, 2018
Stanford University to assist UP in combating chronic diseases
May 11, 2018
United States’ prestigious Stanford University has agreed to assist Uttar Pradesh Government to
combat chronic disease like Japanese Encephalitis (JE) and Acute Encephalitis Syndrome (AES). It
was announced by Uttar Pradesh Health Minister Sidharth Nath Singh who had headed high-
powered delegation of top state officials to United States. The delegation also met with the officials
from US State Department, Department of Commerce and US Agency for International Development
(USAID).
Japanese encephalitis (JE)
JE is a mosquito-borne flavivirus. It belongs to the same genus as dengue, yellow fever and West Nile
viruses. The first case of JE was documented in 1871 in Japan. JE primarily affects children. Most
adults in endemic countries have natural immunity after childhood infection, but individuals of any
age may be affected.
It is transmitted by rice field breeding mosquitoes (primarily Culex tritaeniorhynchus group). The
mosquitoes transmit JE by feeding on domestic pigs and wild birds infected with the Japanese
encephalitis virus (JEV). It is not transmitted from person-to-person. Signs and symptoms of JE
infections are mild (fever and headache) or without apparent symptoms, but it may result in severe
clinical illness.
Severe infection is marked by quick onset, headache, high fever, neck stiffness, disorientation, stupor,
occasional convulsions (especially in infants) etc. There is no specific treatment therapy and
intensive supportive therapy is indicated for treatment.
6th US-India Aviation Summit held in Mumbai
May 11, 2018
The 6th United States-India Aviation Summit was held in Mumbai, Maharashtra from 9 to 11 May,
2018. It was formally inaugurated by Union Minister for Civil Aviation Suresh Prabhu.
Key Facts
The biennial Summit was jointly organised by Ministry of Civil Aviation and US Trade and
Development Agency (USTDA). The summit is a technical, policy and commercial forum. It served to
assist India civil aviation agencies and aviation industry representatives, including private sector
airlines and airport operators, to identify advanced US technologies and practices that can support
their expansion and modernization efforts. The summit also included sessions on India’s projected
aviation growth in next five years, aviation security and technologies for worldwide airspace
management among others.
IAF for first time successfully conducts online scheduled test for airmen recruitment
May 11, 2018
The Indian Air Force (IAF) for first successfully conducted scheduled test for airmen recruitment
(STAR) online, taking forward Digital India Initiative of Government. This makes IAF first of any of
three services to undertake selection tests online.
Key Facts
The first online examination of IAF was conducted successfully through computer based online tests
in collaboration with Centre for Development of Advanced Computing (CDAC) Pune. It was
conducted at 439 centres spread over 102 cities across the country. This included over 100 centres in
the North Eastern states, J&K and states which have limited representation in IAF.
The online test made it easier for candidates across country to appear for selection accommodating
wider choice of candidates, without having to apply for early filtration necessary in earlier selection
process. By conducting online tests, IAF stands to gain from larger pool of candidates to choose from,
while offering level playing field to all eligible candidates.

Significance
The initiative is part of IAF’s policy to reach out to best talent to man and service technology
intensive platforms that equips it. It will increase transparency and cost reduction and help IAF to
reach out to the youth in remote corners of the country and help them participate in the selection.
May 11: National Technology Day
May 11, 2018
National Technology Day is being observed across India on May 11 to mark India’s technological
advancements and to promote the development of technology in various fields. The official theme for
this year is “Science and Technology for a Sustainable Future”.
Background
The day is being commemorated to celebrate the anniversary of first of the five nuclear tests of
Operation Shakti (Pokhran-II) nuclear test, held from 11 to 13 May 1998 in Pokhran, Rajasthan. The
operation was led by former President APJ Abdul Kalam, who was then Director of Defence Research
and Development Organisation (DRDO). After conducting nuclear tests as part of Pokhran-II, India
was declared as nuclear state by then Prime Minister Atal Bihari Vajpayee, making it sixth nation to
join ‘nuclear club’ of nations as well as first country which was not a part of Non-Proliferation of
Nuclear Weapons Treaty (NPT).
India also conducted successful test firing of Trishul missile on May 11, 1998. Trishul missile was
developed as part of Integrated Guided Missile Development Programme (IGMDP) by DRDO. Trishul
Missile got inducted by Indian Army and Indian Airforce. Moreover, Hansa 3, India’s first indigenous
aircraft was also first tested on May 11, 1998 in Bangalore. It was first of its kind general aviation two-
seater plane used for flight training as well as personal flying.
Based on these tremendous, groundbreaking achievements by Indian scientists, engineers, as well as
technicians, May 11 was declared as the National Technology Day. To commemorate this day,
Technology Development Board (TDB) has instituted National Award. This award is conferred on to
various individuals and industries by the President for their successful achievement in
commercialization of Indigenous Technology.
Atal Tinkering Marathon: Top 30 Innovations showcased
May 11, 2018
Atal Tinkering Marathon’s Top 30 Innovations to be supported through industry partnerships were
showcased on the eve of the National Technology Day. They were showcased through a booklet
compiling the work done by the children, the mentors, teachers and schools.
Atal Tinkering Marathon
Atal Tinkering Labs of Atal Innovation Mission (AIM) of NITI Aayog had organized an Atal Tinkering
Marathon in an effort to identify India’s best student innovators. It was six month long nationwide
challenge across six different thematic areas, namely, clean energy, water resources, waste
management, healthcare, smart mobility and agriculture-tech.
Under it, Students of top 30 innovations will be trained on business and entrepreneurship skills,
including intellectual property, effective communication, making an elevator pitch etc. These top 30
innovations have been identified from 20 different States/UTs from across India.
Atal Innovation Mission (AIM)
AIM is flagship initiative to promote culture of innovation and entrepreneurship in country. Its
mandated is to create umbrella structure to oversee innovation ecosystem of country and
revolutionize innovation eco-system.
Objectives
Develop new programmes and policies for fostering innovation in different sectors of economy.
Provide platform and collaboration opportunities for different stakeholders, create awareness.
Create umbrella structure to oversee innovation ecosystem of the country.
Its sub-schemes include establishing Atal Tinkering Labs (ATLs) and Atal Incubation Centers (AICs),
for providing scaling up support to Established Incubation Centres. It also includes finding ultra-low
cost solution to India’s most intractable problems through Atal Grand Challenges and Atal Vikas
Challenges.

Rythu Bandhu Scheme: Telangana government launches investment support scheme for farmers
May 11, 2018
Telangana government has launched Rythu Bandhu (friend of farmers) Scheme, an investment
support scheme to support livelihood of farmers. It is first of its kind investment support scheme for
farmers to be launched by any state in India,
Key Facts
Under this scheme, farmers will directly get financial support twice every year to maximise
agricultural production and productivity. They will get investment support of Rs 8,000 per acre
every year (Rs. 4000 each for monsoon and Rabi season) as crop investment support. About 58 lakh
farmers who till over 1.42 crore acres of land in the state are expected to be benefitted from the
initiative. The state government has already set aside Rs 12,000 crore in the 2018-19 budget
exclusively for this scheme.
Bangabandhu Satellite-1: Bangladesh’s first communication satellite to be launched by SpaceX’s
Falcon 9
May 11, 2018
Bangladesh’s first communication satellite Bangabandhu-1 will be launched by SpaceX’s Falcon 9
rocket from Kennedy Space Center Launch Complex 39A. It is designed to provide wide range of
broadcast and communication services throughout Bangladesh.
Key Facts
It has been built by Thales Alenia Space, a Franco-Italian aerospace manufacturer. It is named after
Bangladesh’s “Father of the Nation”- Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman. It will provide citizens of
Bangladesh Internet connectivity, phone services, radio, backhaul, direct-to-home (DTH) TV services
and other communication related services. It carries total of 40 Ku and C-band transponders with
capacity of 1600 megahertz and has predicted life span of 15 years. It will expand Ku-band coverage
over all of Bangladesh and its nearby waters including Bay of Bengal, India, Nepal, Bhutan, Sri Lanka,
Philippines and Indonesia.
Significance of satellite
It will make Bangladesh autonomous, in terms of telecommunications and broadcasting services. So
far, a majority of Bangladesh’s satellite communications was based on rented transponders from
India. It will also provide lot of opportunities in terms of revenue generation.
SCO Tourism Ministers’ conference held in Wuhan, China
May 11, 2018
The Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO) Tourism Ministers’ conference was held in Wuhan,
China. It was first meeting of SCO tourism ministers since the organization was established in 2001
in Shanghai. From India Minister of State (Independent Charge) for Tourism K. J. Alphons attended
the conference.
Key Facts
The meeting approved joint action plan that will serve as guideline for tourism cooperation between
SCO member states for 2019-2020. It specifies cooperation among national tourism administrations,
as well as measures member states could take to improve tourist experience and safety, develop
tourist products and promote smart tourism. It
Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO)
SCO is political and security grouping headquartered in Beijing. It was founded in 2001. The full
members of organization are China, Russia, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, Kyrgyzstan, India
and Pakistan. They represent over 40% of humanity and nearly 20% of the global GDP. Afghanistan,
Belarus, Iran and Mongolia have observer status at present.
SCO is successor of grouping called Shanghai Five, founded by China in 1996. It comprised Russia,
Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, and Tajikistan. In 2001 Uzbekistan was invited to join it and SCO was
officially born. After Astana Summit Declaration in 2005, SCO has emerged as a regional security
organization
SCO’s main objective is military cooperation between the members. It also works towards
intelligence-sharing, counter-terrorism operations in Central Asia. It is primarily centred on its
member nations’ Central Asian security-related concerns, often describing main threats it confronts
as being terrorism, separatism and extremism. The role of China as well as strategic importance of

SCO has increased over period of decade and now address problems like terrorism, separatism and
militancy in the region.
May 12, 2018
World’s second oldest rock discovered in Odisha
May 12, 2018
Scientists have discovered world’s second oldest grain of magmatic zircon (a mineral that contains
traces of radioactive isotopes) from Champua from Singhbhum rock sample in Odisha’s Kendujhar
district. It is an estimated 4,240 million years old, making it world’s second oldest rock ever to be
discovered. It is oldest magmatic zircon on earth.
Key Facts
The isotopic analysis of Singhbhum rock sample with magmatic zircon was done used Sensitive High
Resolution Ion Microprobe (SHRIMP) at the Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing, China.
The analyses confirmed the presence of two zircon grains that were 4,240 million and 4,030 million
years old. The oldest zircon older than this discovery was found in Jack Hill, Western Australia. It is
4,400 million years old and is the oldest known rock sample. It is metamorphosed sedimentary rock.
Significance
This rock sample was recovered nearly eight years ago and has put India at the forefront of
geological research in the world. This discovery of great promise to study the earth’s early years. It
will also add valuable information about presence of water in the first few hundred million years of
Earth’s history. It will also give us clues to when plate tectonics began.
12 May: International Nurse Day
May 12, 2018
The International Nurse Day (IND) is observed every year on May 12 across world to mark the birth
anniversary of Florence Nightingale, the founder of modern nursing, and also mark contribution of
nurses towards the society. The theme chosen by International Council of Nurses (ICN) for 2018 IND
was ‘Nurses: A Voice to Lead – Health is a Human Right’.On this occasion, President of India conferred
National Florence Nightingale Awards to nursing personnel from across the country for selfless
services rendered by nurses with devotion, sincerity, dedication and compassion.
Background
International Nurses Day was first proposed by Dorothy Sutherland (officer from US Department of
Health, Education and Welfare) in 1953 and first proclaimed by US President Dwight D. Eisenhower.
It was first celebrated by International Council of Nurses (ICN) in 1965. In January 1974, 12th of May
was declared to be celebrated as birthday anniversary of the founder of modern nursing, Florence
Nightingale. She was born on May 12, 1820.
India, Nepal flag offs bus service between Janakpur and Ayodhya under Ramayan Circuit
May 12, 2018
Prime Minister Narendra Modi and his Nepalese counterpart KP Sharma Oli jointly inaugurated
direct bus service between Janakpur (Nepal) and Ayodhya (India). Both are sacred cities for Hindus
and bus service was launched as part of India’s Ramayan Circuit under Swadesh Darshan Scheme to
promote religious tourism in Nepal and India.
Key Facts
The bus service was flagged off after PM Modi visited famed 20th century Janaki temple, dedicated
to the Hindu goddess Sita, where he offered special prayers. Janakpur is known as birth place of Sita,
the wife of Lord Rama. Janaki temple was built in memory of Sita in 1910. It is three-storey structure
made entirely of stone and marble is 50-metre high and spread over 4,860 sq feet. This was overall
third visit PM Modi to Nepal and first high-level visit from India side since the formation of the new
Oli Government in Nepal.
15 destinations under Ramayan Circuit
The government has identified 15 destinations in India for development under Ramayana Circuit
theme under Swadesh Darshan Scheme. They are Ayodhya, Nandigram, Shringverpur and
Chitrakoot (Uttar Pradesh), Sitamarhi, Buxar and Darbhanga (Bihar), Chitrakoot (Madhya Pradesh),
Jagdalpur (Chhattisgarh), Mahendragiri (Odisha), Nashik and Nagpur (Maharashtra), Bhadrachalam
(Telangana), Hampi (Karnataka) and Rameswaram (Tamil Nadu).

India, Peru signs agreement in field of Renewable Energy

May 12, 2018
India and Peru signed agreement in field of Renewable Energy. The pact was signed after bilateral
meeting between Vice President M Venkaiah Naidu and Prime Minister of Peru Cesar Villanueva
Arevalo in Lima. Vice President’s visited Peru was last leg of his first state visit to three Central
American nations Guatemala, Panama and Peru. This was very important visit as it will help to
enhance and strengthen India’s bilateral relations with these nations and will increase trade,
investments and cooperation among these countries.
Key Facts
During the meeting, India and Peru discussed various bilateral and international issues of mutual
interest. The discussions were held in field of pharmaceuticals, space, defence, supply of LPG, clean
energy, agriculture and science & technology.
They also discussed possibility of collaboration in Quinoa cultivation and processing with Peru. Peru
is important country for multilateral issues for India and it supported India’s candidature for
permanent seat in United Nations Security Council (UNSC). Both countries agreed to work together
to combat menace of terrorism.
RBI puts Dena Bank under prompt corrective action
May 12, 2018
Reserve Bank of India (RBI) has put state-run lender Dena Bank under prompt corrective action (PCA)
framework. It has barred Dena Bank from extending fresh credit in view of deteriorating financial
health due to mounting non-performing assets (NPAs) and mounting losses. It makes Dena Bank first
lender to face curbs on lending under PCA framework.
Key Facts
This means Dena bank can disburse loans for credit facilities already sanctioned, but cannot sanction
fresh loans. In addition, RBI also has barred from recruiting more staff. RBI may lift these restrictions
in case the bank improves profitability and reduces the ratio of bad loans.
Background
In May 2017, RBI had placed Dena Bank under PCA framework, which had imposed restrictions
including ban on dividend payments. Despite earlier restrictions, the financial health of Dena bank
had not shown any signs of improvement, prompting the banking regulator to freeze fresh lending.
Dena bank’s loss had widened to Rs. 1,225.42 crore compared with previous year, when the loss was
Rs. 575.26 crore. For financial year 2017-18, it had posted a net loss of ₹1,923.15 crore. This was third
consecutive year bank has posted a net loss. Moreover, its gross NPAs as percentage of gross
advances, was 22.4% as on end March 2018 as compared with 16.17% year earlier. In absolute terms,
bad loans rose to Rs. 16,361.44 crore from Rs. 12,618.73 crore. The bank’s net NPAs were up to 11.95%
or Rs. 7,838.78 crore from 10.66% or Rs. 7,735.12 crore.
Prompt Corrective Action (PCA) framework
PCA is process or mechanism to ensure that banks don’t go bust. Under it, RBI has put in place some
trigger points to assess, monitor, control and take corrective actions on banks which are weak and
troubled. It was first introduced after global economy incurred huge losses due to failure of financial
institutions during 1980s-90s.
Parameters for placing under PCA framework are Capital ratios, Asset Quality and Profitability.
Indicators to be tracked for these three parameters are CRAR (Capital to Risk weighted Assets
Ratio)/Common Equity Tier I ratio, Net NPA (non-performing assets) ratio and Return on Assets
(RoA) respectively. If banks breach of any risk threshold mentioned above, it results in invocation of
PCA against them.
RBI enforces these guidelines to ensure banks do not go bust and follow prompt measures to put
their house in order. It has tightened its PCA framework in April 2017 to turn around lenders with
weak operational and financial metrics, Depending on the risk thresholds set in PCA rules, banks
placed under it are restricted from expanding number of branches, staff recruitment and increasing
size of their loan book. Other restrictions include higher provisions for bad loans and disbursal only
to those companies whose borrowing is above investment grades.

Government to expand Buddhist tourism circuit to 21 more states

May 12, 2018
Ministry of Tourism has decided to expand Buddhist tourism circuit under Swadesh Darshan
Scheme to 21 more states to make it India’s first trans-national tourist circuit. Earlier it was
envisaged only to seven major Buddhist pilgrimage sites in Uttar Pradesh and Bihar.
Key Facts
Now, Ministry of Tourism has identified stupas and viharas in these 21 states, around which small
intra-state Buddhist zones will be developed. The states now that will be covered includes Madhya
Pradesh, Rajasthan, Kerala, West Bengal, Goa, Gujarat and Jammu & Kashmir.
The expansion of Buddhist tourism circuit aims to catch new-age Buddhist tourists from the West,
besides those from traditional markets in South East Asia. The ministry is in talks with World Bank
and Japanese government for funding of infrastructure projects connected with Buddhist tourism
circuit. It also plans to involve the private sector in building tourism infrastructure pertaining to the
circuit
Swadesh Darshan Scheme
The Union Ministry of Tourism had launched the Swadesh Darshan Scheme in 2014-15 with an aim
to develop theme based tourist circuits in the country. These tourist circuits will be developed on
principles of high tourist value, competitiveness and sustainability in an integrated manner. They
will be developed by synergizing efforts to focus on concerns and needs of all stakeholders to enrich
tourist experience and enhance employment opportunities. Under this scheme, 13 thematic circuits
have been identified for development. They are Buddhist Circuit, North-East India Circuit, Coastal
Circuit, Himalayan Circuit, Krishna Circuit, Desert Circuit, Eco Circuit, Wildlife Circuit, Tribal
Circuit, Rural Circuit, Spiritual Circuit, Ramayana Circuit and Heritage Circuit.
US cancels NASA’s carbon monitoring project
May 12, 2018
US President Donald Trump’s administration has cancelled NASA’s Carbon Monitoring System
(CMS) programme citing reasons of budget constraints and higher priorities within science budget.
It was also in line with Donald Trump’s latest broad attack on climate science.
Carbon Monitoring System (CMS) Programme
NASA’s CMS Programme costing $10 million per year was meant to track carbon and methane, key
greenhouse gases that contribute to global warming. It also tracked sources and sinks for carbon and
made high-resolution models of planet’s flows of carbon. It was designed to make significant
contributions in characterizing, quantifying, understanding and predicting evolution of global
carbon sources and sinks through improved monitoring of carbon stocks and fluxes.
The System uses full range of NASA satellite observations, modelling and analysis capabilities to
establish accuracy, quantitative uncertainties and utility of products for supporting national and
international policy, regulatory and management activities.
CMS also maintains global emphasis while providing finer scale regional information, utilizing space-
based and surface-based data. It had initiated generation and distribution of products both for user
evaluation and to inform near-term policy development and planning.
May 13-14, 2018
India was world’s largest remittance-receiving country in 2017: Repot
May 14, 2018
According to recently released report ‘RemitSCOPE – Remittance markets and opportunities – Asia
and the Pacific’, India was largest remittance receiving country in the world with US $69 billion in
2017. Top five remittance receiving countries in 2017 in the world were India ($69 billion), China ($64
billion) and Philippines ($33 billion), Pakistan ($20 billion), and Vietnam ($14 billion).
Key Highlights of Report
Asia-Pacific region: Remittances to Asia-Pacific region amounted to US $256 billion in 2017. It
represented 53% of flows worldwide, growing 4.87% since 2008, with rates flattening in recent years.
About 70% of remittances sent to Asia and Pacific came from outside region and in particular from
Gulf States (32%), North America (26%) and Europe (12%).
Remittances contribute to region more than 10 times official development assistance. 400 million
people in region i.e. one out of every 10 people, are directly affected by remittances either as sender

or as receiver. It benefits about 320 million family members in the region, most of them in rural
areas.
Remittances and Rural Development: Remittances are particularly crucial in rural areas where
poverty is highest. Worldwide, an estimated 40% of total value of remittances goes to rural areas. In
Asia-Pacific region, remittances go disproportionally to countries with majority of rural populations
such as Nepal (81%), India (67%), Vietnam (66%), Bangladesh (65%), Pakistan (61%) and the Philippines
(56%). Remittances to rural areas are generally costlier due to expenses associated with offering
access points in distant locations.
Usage of Remittances: 70% of remittances in the Asia pacific region are used to meet basic needs,
such as food, clothing, healthcare and education. The remaining 30% can be saved and invested in
asset-building or income-generating activities, helping families to build livelihoods and their future.
Improvement of remittance markets: It still needs to be transformed to ensure that families can
benefit fully from the flows. Technological innovation in remittance marketplace can bring about
fundamental transformation for hundreds of millions benefiting from these flows. Moreover,
outdated regulatory barriers on both sending and receiving ends is resulting in higher and less
transparent costs which make it less likely and more difficult to convert remittances into savings
and investments. Besides, financial inclusion which has increased in recent times has not fully
represented reality of substantial majority of remittance receiving families in Asia-Pacific region
where financial exclusion remains predominant.
IMD to deploy 30 more doppler radars across India

May 14, 2018
The India Meteorological Department (IMD) is planning to add 30 more doppler radars in the next
two-three years across the country. 14 will be located in the northeast, four in Jammu and Kashmir
and three each will be Uttarakhand and Himachal Pradesh.
Background
The first Doppler radar in India was installed in Chennai, Tamil Nadu in 2002. Its need became more
compelling after 2005 Mumbai floods. There are currently 27 Doppler radars in the country. The hilly
states of Uttarakhand, Himachal Pradesh and J&K had witnessed erratic patterns like thunderstorms
and heavy rains and snowfall, so do north eastern states. In 2013, erratic cloud burst in Uttarakhand
had caused flash floods killing hundreds.
Doppler radar
Doppler radar is an observational tool used for precisely monitoring and predicting severe weather
events such as hailstorms, thunder storms, cyclones and tornados. It uses Doppler effect by bouncing
microwave signal off desired target to produce velocity data. This data helps in analyzing object’s
motion by altered frequency of returned signal. It mainly gives information about wind velocity and
precipitation.
Doppler radar has radius of 250 km and helps in issuing forecasts two-three hours prior to severe
weather conditions. It can provide area specific rain and storm warnings which are beneficial for
disaster management and emergency response, aviation and related services. It can be used for wind
speed measurements during cyclones and thunderstorms which is not possible in conventional
weather radar.
India Meteorological Department (IMD)
IMD is the principal agency of Government of India responsible for meteorological observations,
weather forecasting and seismology. It functions under Ministry of Earth Sciences. It is headquartered
in New Delhi and operates hundreds of observation stations across India and Antarctica.
IMD is one of six Regional Specialised Meteorological Centres of World Meteorological Organization
(WMO). It has been entrusted with responsibility for forecasting, naming and distribution of
warnings for tropical cyclones in Northern Indian Ocean region, including Malacca Straits, Bay of
Bengal, Arabian Sea and Persian Gulf.
Type 001A: China’s first indigenous aircraft carrier begins sea trial
May 14, 2018
China’s first domestically manufactured aircraft carrier known only as “Type 001A” started sea trials

from Dalian port in Liaoning province. The ship’s engine, propulsion and navigation systems will be
tested at sea for first time, a year after it was officially launched. The name of the carrier was not
revealed at the launch ceremony, but it is speculated that it will be named Shandong after province of
same name.
Key Facts
The Type 001A carrier was constructed by China Shipbuilding Industry Corporation in Dalian. Its
design is based on the Soviet Union’s Kuznetsov class and refined and advanced version of Liaoning,
China’s first aircraft carrier constructed from incomplete Kuznetsov-class vessel. It is expected to be
commissioned by 2020.
It measures about 315 metres long, with displacement capacity of about 55,000 tonnes (70,000
loaded). The ship is powered by conventional oil-fired boilers driving eight steam turbines, a design
copied from the Soviet TB-12 engines used by its sister ship. It is capable of carrying 38 to 40
aircrafts.
Comment
The Type 001A was built as part of China’s ambitious plans to modernise its navy as it presses its
claims in disputed regional waters. It will give China second aircraft carrier as it asserts its claims in
South China Sea and seeks to deter any independence movements in Taiwan.
The possession of home-grown aircraft carrier places China among few military powers with such
vessels, including United States, Russia and Britain. China’s sole operational aircraft carrier, Liaoning
is a repurposed USSR (Soviet) ship bought from Ukraine, which went into service in 2012.
ISRO developing environment-friendly propellant
May 14, 2018
Scientists at ISRO’s Liquid Propulsion Systems Centre (LPSC) are developing environment-friendly
propellant propellant blend based on hydroxylammonium nitrate (HAN) to power satellites and
spacecraft. It seeks to replace conventional hydrazine fuel for future missions.
Key Facts
HAN-based monopropellant formulation consists of HAN, ammonium nitrate, methanol and water.
The methanol was added to reduce combustion instability and HAN was used for its capacity to
control burn rate and lower freezing point of propellant.
Monopropellant is chemical propulsion fuel which does not require separate oxidizer. It is used extensively in satellite
thrusters for orbital correction and orientation control.
The propellant formulation was tested for compatibility with four metal samples over period of six
months. Moreover, variety of tests to investigate its characteristics, like thermal and catalytic
decomposition and compatibility was undertaken with different materials.
Significance

HAN-based monopropellant will replace conventional hydrazine rocket fuel, a highly toxic and
carcinogenic chemical, with greener propellant for future missions. It will also ensure cost effective
re-usable, recoverable, re-startable and reliable space launches of ISRO. Due to its high performance
characteristics, hydrazine has dominated space industry as choice of propellant for over six decades
despite hazards.
Indian Army finalises Rs. 15000 crore indigenous ammunition project
May 14, 2018
Indian Army has finalised Rs. 15,000-crore indigenous ammunition project under which range of
ammunition for its critical weapons and tanks will be produced indigenously. It is claimed to be
biggest ever initiative for indigenisation of ammunition. It aims to overcome long delays in imports
and address problem of dwindling stockpile.
Key Facts
The immediate aim of this project is to create an inventory for all major weapons to enable forces to
fight 30-day war while long-term objective is to cut dependence on imports. For this, 11 private firms
will be involved and its implementation will be monitored by the top brass of Indian Army and
Defence Ministry.
The overall cost of project has been pegged at Rs. 15,000 crore. Indian Army has set specific target for
next 10 years in terms of volume of ammunition to be produced. Initially, ammunition for range of
rockets, air defence system, artillery guns, infantry combat vehicles, grenade launchers and various
other field weapons will be produced under strict timelines. The production targets will be revised
based on result of first phase of implementation of project.
Comment
The project is seen as first serious attempt by Government to address growing concerns voiced over
past many years by Indian Army (world’s second largest standing Army) over fast dwindling
stockpile of key ammunition considering the evolving security threats in the region and a at time
when China is significantly ramping up its military capability.
Background
In July 2017, the Comptroller and Auditor General of India (CAG) in its report tabled in Parliament
had mentioned that stock of only 61 types of ammunition out of 152 varieties was available, and these
will only last for 10 days in event of a war. It was inadequate according to laid down security protocol
which says that stockpile should be adequate for month-long war. The main reasons cited for the
shortages were long delays in negotiations and subsequent procedural hurdles in import of
ammunition which had adversely impacted the country’s defence preparedness. To overcome this
shortage Government had initiated indigenisation programme. It also had empowered Indian Army
to directly procure ammunition and spares for 10 types of weapon systems and equipment after
internal review found optimum level of ‘war stores’ was not being maintained.
Nepal to host 2018 BIMSTEC summit
May 14, 2018
Nepal is going to host 2018 Bay of Bengal Initiative for Multi-Sectoral Technical and Economic
Cooperation (BIMSTEC) summit. It was announced by Nepal’s Prime Minister KP Sharma Oli during
his meeting with Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi in Kathmandu (capital city ).
BIMSTEC
BIMSTEC is the sub-regional group of seven countries in South Asia and South East Asia lying in the
littoral and adjacent areas of the Bay of Bengal constituting a contiguous regional unity. BIMSTEC
countries are India, Nepal, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Sri Lanka from South Asia and Myanmar, Thailand
from South East Asia. They are collectively home to around 1.5 billion people which constitute
around 22% of global population.
BIMSTEC was established on 6 June 1997 through the Bangkok Declaration. It is headquartered in
Dhaka, Bangladesh. Its prime objectives include technological and economic cooperation among
south Asian and south East Asian countries along the coast of the Bay of Bengal. It is sector-driven
cooperative organization, starting with six sector including trade, technology, energy, transport,
tourism and fisheries. In 2008, it was expanded to embrace eight more sectors including agriculture,
public health, poverty alleviation, counter-terrorism, environment, culture, people to people contact
and climate change.

UNDP to set up skill development centre in Hyderabad

May 14, 2018
United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) is going to set up skill development centre for
clients of Bharosa, an integrated support centre for distressed women and children in Hyderabad,
Telangana. This initiative is aimed at empowering vulnerable and marginalised women by imparting
skills training.
Key Facts
This centre will be set up in line with agreement signed between Hyderabad Police and UNDP under
Disha project to build capacities and skills of women affected by violence to help make them
economically self-sufficient. The agreement extends support to enable these women to learn
marketable skills and connect with income opportunities.
Bharosa
Bharosa is an initiative of Hyderabad City Police launched in 2016. It is state-of-the-art centre to
support women and children who are victims of violence. Under one roof, the centre provides 24X7
services related to police, medical, legal, prosecution, psycho-therapeutic counselling and relief and
rehabilitation services in completely private counselling rooms to maintain confidentiality and
privacy. It is equipped with well-trained staff and modern gadgets, including facilities like video
conferencing, so victims need not go to the court. Since its inception, it has helped total of 3,560
victims in range of problems. Of these over 2,600 sought aid with regard to domestic violence.
United Nations Development Programme (UNDP)
UNDP is United Nations’ global development network. It advocates for change and connects
countries to knowledge, experience and resources to help people build better life. It provides expert
advice, training and grants support to developing countries with increasing emphasis on assistance
to least developed countries. It promotes technical and investment cooperation among nations. It is
headquartered in New York City, US.
Government to link 200 more mandis to eNAM
May 14, 2018
Union Government is going to link additional 200 wholesale mandis to online trading platform
eNAM (electronic National Agriculture Market) this fiscal (2018-19) and also encourage inter-mandi
transactions. At present, 585 regulated mandis in 14 states are linked with the eNAM. So far, 73.50
lakh farmers, 53,163 commission agents and over 1 lakh traders are registered on it from these 14
states. Government is ensuring that all wholesale agri-mandis adopt online auction and gradually
allow trading between mandis in state and eventually between mandis outside states, thereby setting
up single national agriculture market for benefit of farmers.
eNAM
eNAM is pan-India electronic trading portal for farm produce which aims creates unified national
market for agricultural commodities by integrating existing Agriculture Produce Market Committee
(APMC) markets. It provides single window service for all APMC related services and information,
such as commodity arrivals and prices, provision for responding to trade offers, buy and sell trade
offers, among other services. It was launched in April 2016. It is being implemented in different
phases to integrate 585 regulated markets across country with common e-market platform by March
2018. Small Farmers’ Agribusiness Consortium (SFAC) is the lead promoter of eNAM. On this
platform, farmers can showcase their produce online from their nearest market and traders can
quote price from anywhere. It aims to foster greater competition among traders and also ensure
open price discovery and better returns to farmers.
May 15, 2018
Gender bias caused excess deaths of girls under 5: Study
May 15, 2018
According to recent study of Lancet Global Health, there have been 2,39,000 excess deaths per year
of girls under age of five in India due to gender bias. Excess mortality is difference between observed
and expected mortality rates in both genders.
Key Findings of Study
The excess mortality accounted for about 2.4 million deaths in decade of study period 2005-2015. The
additional deaths were found in 90% of districts in the country. 29 out of 35 States and Union

Territories in the country contributed to this mortality.

The average level of excess mortality in girls aged 0-4 in study period of 2000-2005 was 18.5 per
1,000 live births, compared to expected mortality of girl children aged under 5 in areas of world
without known gender discrimination.
Four largest states in northern India, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Rajasthan, and Madhya Pradesh,
accounted for two thirds of the total excess deaths of females under five. In Uttar Pradesh, excess
female mortality was calculated at 30.5. In Bihar it was 28.5, in Rajasthan it was 25.4, and in Madhya
Pradesh it was 22.1.
The worst affected areas in India were all rural, agricultural areas with lower levels of education, high
population densities, low socio-economic development and high levels of fertility. Many deaths of
females under five were partly due to unwanted child bearing and subsequent neglect.
Sulabh International founder Dr Bindeshwar Pathak honoured with Nikkei Asia Prize
May 15, 2018
The founder of Sulabh International, Dr Bindeshwar Pathak was honoured with the Nikkei Asia Prize
in Japan for his contribution to Asia’s development. Dr Pathak was described as Indian social
reformer tackling two of his country’s biggest challenges — poor hygiene and discrimination. He
was among three who were conferred with this award.
Nikkei Asia Prize
Nikkei Inc. is one of the largest media corporations in Japan. It has been presenting Nikkei Asia Prize
since 1996 to honour people in Asia who have made significant contributions in one of the three
areas: Economic and Business Innovation, Science, Technology and Environment and Culture and
Community.
Dr Bindeshwar Pathak
He had founded Sulabh International in 1970. It is an NGO that works to promote human rights,
environmental sanitation among other social services. It has built Sulabh flush composting toilets
throughout India, contributing to better sanitation, safety for rural women and freedom from
manual labour of removing human waste.
Three million new jobs by 2030 to offset employment loss due to rising heat: ILO Report
May 15, 2018
International Labour Organization’s (ILO’s) World Employment and Social Outlook Report has that
projected increase in surface temperature due to global warming will lead to around 2,59,000 job
losses in India by 2030, especially in carbon-and resource-intensive industries.

Key Facts
According to report, global temperature rise of 1.5°C by end of 21st century will result in heat stress,
which will reduce total number of working hours by 2030. It will also result in 5.3% rise work loss in
percentage of total hours and productivity loss equivalent to 30.8 million full-time jobs.
Environmental degradation will affect job opportunities and also affect productivity, reduce total
number of working hours.
But the loss of jobs due to global warming will be offset by creation of around 3 million jobs as India
moves towards green economy by adopting sustainable practices, including changes in energy mix,
projected growth in use of electric vehicles and increase in energy efficiency in existing and future
buildings.
Agricultural workers will be worst affected due to temperature rise, accounting for loss of around
64% of working hours lost due to heat stress in India in 2030 in view of physical nature of their work.
In India, an estimated 4.2% of total hours worked were lost in 1995 due to high heat levels,
representing around 15.1 million full-time jobs. All the sectors except mining industry will experience
increase in employment. Renewables sector will experience increase 1.5 million jobs, construction
sector will see increase in 466,200 jobs and 285,200 new jobs in services.
Indian Army flags of Women Officers’ Mountaineering Expedition to Mt. Bhagirathi-Ii
May 15, 2018
Indian Army has flagged off Women Officers’ Mountaineering Expedition to Mt. Bhagirathi-II to
explore maximum potential of women officers in the field of adventure sports. Mt. Bhagirathi-II (6512
metres) is located in the Garhwal Himalayas in Gangotri National Park. The peak rises right above
the Gangotri glacier.
Key Facts
The expedition aims at encouraging women in the field of adventure where dauntless courage, will-
power and determination of women officers is put to test. It will test their technical acumen in
mountaineering, mental strength and physical courage. The expedition team comprises of nine
women officers. They are planning to set new world record of practicing Yoga at 21000 ft (6512
metres) on the occasion of Yoga Day 2018.
First all-woman Post Office Passport Seva Kendra starts operations in Phagwara, Punjab
May 15, 2018
The Post Office Passport Seva Kendra (POPSK) run by an all-woman team began its operations
Phagwara, Punjab. It was was inaugurated by Union Minister Vijay Sampla in the local head Post
Office of Phagwara.
Key Facts
This kendra was 192nd POPSK in the country and first one to be operated by an all-woman team. It
was launched as part of Central Government’s initiative for women empowerment. It will cater
needs of people from Kapurthala, Nawandhar and Jalandhar rural districts. It will benefit people
immensely in this area as town is NRI hub of Doaba region of Punjab. It will enable people of the
region to get all facilities related to applying for and processing of passport applications.
Post Office Passport Seva Kendra (POPSK)
POPSK is Government initiative led by Ministry of External Affairs (India) (MEA) and Department of
Posts (DoP),[1] where Head Post Offices (HPO) and post offices are being utilized for delivery of
passport related services to citizens. It aims to develop passport related services on bigger scale and
to ensure wider area coverage for simplifying process to traveling abroad. The first POPSK was
inaugurated at the Mysuru Head Post office in Karnataka on January 25, 2017.
More tests required for release of GM mustard: GEAC
May 15, 2018
The Genetic Engineering Appraisal Committee (GEAC) has demanded more tests for genetically
modified mustard- Dhara Mustard Hybrid (DMH -11) for “commercial cultivation. It has called for
‘field demonstrations’ of GM mustard in an area of 5 acres at two or three different locations across
the country to study possible impact transgenic crop could have on honey bees and seeks additional
data on these and other pollinators and also on soil microbial diversity.
Background
The demand for renewed field demonstrations comes year after GEAC had given final clearance for

GM mustard (in May 2017). This clearance was mired in confusion after government held it as
inadvertent error. It was put on hold after Environment Minister, who has the final say on matter,
held that wider consultations and further tests were needed on the release transgenic mustard to
settle the issue.
There has been strong opposition from various organisations and also from within government to
the approval given to GM mustard. Even high-powered panel on Doubling Farmers’ Income (DFI) in
recently released report said Genetic Engineering is ‘powerful’ tool for developing future crop, but
for now it should be adopted only for non-food crops. For transgenic food crops, questions on its
safety must be addressed and settled first before their accepting commercial cultivation.
Dhara Mustard Hybrid (DMH -11)
DMH -11 is transgenic mustard had been developed by a team of scientists Centre for Genetic
Manipulation of Crop Plants at Delhi University led by former Vice-Chancellor Deepak Pental under
Government sponsored project. It is genetically modified variety of Herbicide Tolerant (HT) mustard.
It was created by using “barnase/barstar” technology for genetic modification by adding genes from
soil bacterium that makes mustard self-pollinating plant. DMH -11 contains three genes viz. Bar gene,
Barnase and Barstar sourced from soil bacterium. The bar gene had made plant resistant to herbicide
named Basta.
Genetic Engineering Appraisal Committee (GEAC)
GEAC is apex body under Ministry of Environment, Forests and Climate Change for regulating
manufacturing, use, import, export and storage of hazardous micro-organisms or genetically
engineered organisms (GMOs) and cells in the country. It is also responsible for giving technical
approval of proposals relating to release of GMOs and products including experimental field trials.
However, Environment Minister gives final approval for GMOs.
China launches first India-dedicated investment fund
May 15, 2018
The Industrial and Commercial Bank of China (ICBC), a top state-run Chinese bank has launched
China’s first India-dedicated publicly offered investment fund. The fund has been named as Industrial
and Commercial Bank Credit Suisse India Market Fund. ICBC is the largest in the world with over $3.6
trillion in assets.
Key Facts
The ICBC Credit Suisse Indian Market Fund (LOF) will invest in exchange-traded funds listed on
more than 20 exchanges in Europe and US that are based on the Indian market. It will invest in
future of Indian economy and track distribution of industrial structure across Indian market. For
this, ICBC has listed sectors for investments specifically, in terms of the major industries weighted
distribution of the index. The financial industry accounts for highest proportion, followed by
information technology, alternative consumption, energy, essential consumption, raw materials,
medicine, healthcare and other industries.
Signifiance
The fund opens way for Chinese investors and provided good tool for low-threshold investment in
India. It is also regarded as significant by observers to boost investments in India and comes after
first ever informal summit between Prime Minister Narendra Modi and Chinese President Xi Jinping
at Wuhan, where two leaders sought to give a new direction to bilateral ties to tap their economic
potential.
4 states, 1 UT sign MoUs for implementation of Ayushman Bharat scheme
May 15, 2018
Four States and one Union Territory have signed first MoU with National Health Mission,
Government of India for implementing Ayushman Bharat-Pradhan Mantri Rashtriya Swasthya
Suraksha Mission (PMRSSM). These states/UTs are Himachal Pradesh, Haryana, Jammu & Kashmir,
Uttarakhand and Chandigarh (UT).
These MoUs were signed during Ayushman Bharat Northern Region’s first workshop on PMRSSM at
Shimla, Himachal Pradesh. Through these MoUs, these four states and UT will formally commit to
implement PMRSSM. The MoU clearly outlines roles of Central and State/UT Governments for
implementation of PMRSSM. Similar regional workshops are also planned in due course of time
across the country to sign MoU with States/UTs for rolling out of PMRSSM in each region.

Ayushman Bharat scheme

It is Centrally Sponsored health insurance scheme of Ministry of Health and Family Welfare
(MoHFW).
Beneficiaries: The scheme will target over 10 crore families belonging to poor and vulnerable
population based on Socio Economic and Caste Census 2011 (SECC) database. Beneficiaries can avail
of services anywhere in India. This will help to bring a visible relief to the target families by
mitigating financial risk arising out of catastrophic health episodes.
Insurance cover: It will provide Rs. 5 lakh insurance cover per family per year, taking care of almost
all secondary care and tertiary care procedures. There will be no cap on family size and age in the
scheme.
Benefits covered: Pre and post-hospitalisation expenses. It also covers all pre-existing conditions
from beginning of policy. It will also pay defined transport allowance per hospitalization to
beneficiary. The beneficiaries can avail benefits in both public and empanelled private facilities.
Wellness Centres: Under it, government will set up 1.5 lakh wellness centres across the country by
2022 that will leverage on comprehensive primary health care for preventive, promotive and curative
care. These centres will provide preventive, promotive, and curative care for non-communicable
diseases, dental, mental, geriatric care, palliative care, etc.
Mission Council: For giving policy directions and fostering coordination between Centre and States
for implementation of scheme, Ayushman Bharat National Health Protection Mission Council (AB-
NHPMC) will be set up at apex level. It will be chaired by Union Health and Family Welfare Minister.
Role of State Governments: They are allowed to expand scheme both horizontally and vertically.
They are also free to choose modalities of its implementation. They can implement through
insurance company or directly through Trust/ Society or a mixed model.
Payments for treatment: It will be done on package rate (to be defined by the Government in
advance) basis. The package rates will include all costs associated with treatment. For beneficiaries, it
will be cashless, paper less transaction. States/ UTs will have the flexibility to modify these rates
within a limited bandwidth keeping in view their specific requirements.
4th meeting of SAWEN held in Kolkata, India
May 15, 2018
The fourth meeting of South Asia Wildlife Enforcement Network (SAWEN), an inter-governmental
wildlife law enforcement agency was in Kolkata, West Bengal (India) from May 8-10, 2018. It was first
meeting of SAWEN to be held in India since its inception in 2011.
Key Outcomes of meeting
The two-day conference was attended by representatives of seven (excluding Pakistan) out of eight
member countries. Six proposals, including tracking of wildlife smuggling route, review of existing
laws and structure for the organisation were tabled during the meeting. Participating countries also
adopted many resolutions to curb wildlife crime in the region. They agreed on having operational
framework for strengthening the regional body to combat wildlife crime.
South Asia Wildlife Enforcement Network (SAWEN)
SAWEN is regional inter-governmental wildlife law enforcement support body of South Asian
Countries. It was launched in January, 2011 in Paro, Bhutan during the second meeting of the South
Asia Expert Group on Illegal Wildlife Trade. Its secretariat is in Kathmandu, Nepal. Its regional
network comprises of eight South Asia countries: Afghanistan, Pakistan, India, Nepal, Bhutan,
Bangladesh, Sri Lanka and Maldives.
Mandate: SAWEN aims at working collectively as a strong regional inter-governmental body to
combat wildlife crime by attainting common mutual goals and approaches for combating illegal
trade in the region. It also seeks to control trans-boundary wildlife crime through communication,
coordination, collaboration, capacity building and cooperation in the region.
Background
South Asia region is very vulnerable to illegal traffic and wildlife crimes due to presence of precious
biodiversity and large markets as well as traffic routes for wildlife products in the region. It is mainly
due to presence of large markets as well as traffic routes for wildlife products in the region. There
was need among South Asian countries for collaboration in harmonising as well as enforcing wildlife

protection in region for effective conservation of biodiversity. Establishment of SAWEN provided

these eight South Asian Countries common platform for harmonising as well as enforcing wildlife
protection in region
Explained: Samarth Scheme

May 15, 2018
Recently, a meeting of stakeholders on Samarth Scheme (Scheme for Capacity Building in Textile
Sector) under Skill India Mission was held in New Delhi to familiarize the stakeholders about scheme
and its guidelines. The meeting was chaired by Union Minister of Textiles Smriti Zubin Irani. It was
attended by the senior officials of Textiles Ministry, institutions and organizations under it,
representatives of textile industry, State Governments, training institutions among others.
Scheme for Capacity Building in Textile Sector
It is scheme of Ministry of Textiles, approved by Cabinet Committee on Economic Affairs (CCEA) in
December 2017. Its broad objective is to skill the youth for gainful and sustainable employment in
textile sector covering entire value chain of textiles, excluding spinning and weaving.
The scheme is intended to provide demand driven, placement oriented National Skills Qualifications
Framework (NSQF) compliant skilling programmes to incentivize and supplement efforts of industry
in creating jobs in textiles sectors. It targets to train 10 lakh persons (9 lakh in organised and 1 lakh in
traditional sector) over period of 3 years (2017-20) with an budgetary outlay of Rs. 1300 crore.
Biometric process are used under this scheme for selection of candidates for training purpose.
Moreover, government is also creating attendance system integrated with centralized Management
Information System (MIS) to ensure real time attendance.
Government issues National Wind-Solar Hybrid Policy
May 15, 2018
Ministry of New and Renewable Energy has issued National Wind-Solar Hybrid Policy with an aim to
boost renewable power generation by promoting new projects as well as hybridisation of existing
ones. Government is also going to launch scheme for new hybrid projects under this policy.
Features of the Policy
Objectives of policy: Provide comprehensive framework for promotion of large grid connected wind-
solar Photo Voltaic (PV) hybrid system for efficient utilization of transmission infrastructure and
land. Reduce variability in renewable power generation and achieving better grid stability.
Encourage new technologies, methods and way-outs involving combined operation of wind and solar
PV plants.
Flexibility in share of wind and solar components: It has been provided in hybrid project, subject to
condition that, rated power capacity of one resource be at least 25% of rated power capacity of other
resource for it to be recognised hybrid project.
Technology front: Policy provides for integration of both energy sources i.e. wind and solar at
alternating current (AC) as well as direct current (DC) level.
Hybrid projects: The policy seeks to promote new hybrid projects as well as hybridisation of existing
wind and solar projects. It allows hybridisation of existing projects (wind or solar) with higher
transmission capacity than sanctioned one, subject to availability of margin in existing transmission
capacity.
Procurement of power: It will be on tariff based transparent bidding process for which Government
entities may invite bids.
Use of battery storage: The policy permits use of battery storage in hybrid project for optimising
output and reduce variability.
Standards and regulations: It mandates the regulatory authorities to formulate necessary standards
and regulations for wind-solar hybrid systems.
Background
The Union government has set ambitious target of achieving 175 GigaWatt (GW) of installed capacity
from renewable energy sources by 2022, which includes 100 GW of solar and 60 GW of wind power
capacity. The total renewable power installed capacity in the country stood at about 70 GW in
financial year 2017-18. There have been significant capacity additions in renewables in recent years

and hybrid energy will further help in better utilisation of resources.

Government launches full-fledged Green Skill Development Programme
May 15, 2018
Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change (MoEFCC) launched full-fledged Green Skill
Development Programme (GSDP). It aims to train over 5.5 lakh workers in environment and forest
sectors in the country through 30 courses by 2021 for sustainable conservation and management of
natural resources. GSDP-ENVIS mobile application was also launched to provide more information
and applying to courses under GSDP programme.
Green Skill Development Programme (GSDP)
GSDP was launched as pilot project in 2017 by MoEFCC in partnership with National Skill
Development Agency (NSDA) to develop green skilled workers having technical knowledge and
commitment to sustainable development. Under it, skilling of youth (especially 10th and 12th
dropouts) will be undertaken for increasing availability of skilled workforce in environment and
forest sector to provide them gainful employment or self-employment.
The green skills under it will be imparted in more than 30 programmes in diverse fields identified,
which will be conducted in 84 institutions across country. Moreover, vast network and expertise of
Environmental Information System (ENVIS) hubs and Resource Partners (RPs) will be utilized for
implementation of this programme.
In the first stage, pool of master trainers and specialists is being created, who can further train youth
across the country. All skilling courses under this programme will be National Skills Qualifications
Framework (NSQF) compliant. The MoEFCC will give certificates indicating skilling levels to all
successful candidates.
Significance
The programme endeavours to develop green skilled workers having technical knowledge and
commitment to sustainable development. It will go long way in reaping demographic dividend in the
country and filling the skill gaps in environment and forest sector. It will help in attainment of
Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs), Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), National
Biodiversity Targets (NBTs) and Waste Management Rules 2016).
May 16, 2018
May 15: International Day of Families
May 16, 2018
The International Day of Families is observed every year on 15th of May across world to promote
awareness of issues relating to families and increase knowledge of social, economic and demographic
progression that affects families which are the basic unit of society. The theme for this year is
“Families and inclusive societies”. It explores role of families and family policies in advancing
Sustainable Development Goal 16 (SDG 16) in terms of promoting peaceful and inclusive societies for
sustainable development. The day was proclaimed by United Nations General Assembly (UNGA) in
1993 by adopting resolution A/RES/47/237 and reflects importance international community attaches
to families. Every year, UN secretary-general makes to the particular applicable motto (theme)
attention.
NTPC signs MoU with Bihar Government to improve performance of power sector in Bihar
May 16, 2018
The NTPC Limited has signed Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) with Bihar Government to
improve performance of power sector in the state. The MoU envisages transfer of three power
generation facilities in Bihar to NTPC. It has been undertake as part of NTPC’s strong capability in
turning around under-performing state owned power stations.
Key Facts
These three power generation facilities are Barauni Thermal Power Station, Kanti Bijlee Utpadan
Nigam Limited (KBUN) and Nabinagar Power Generating Company (Pvt.) Limited (NPGC). All three
power generation facilities are envisaged to be transferred to NTPC through Statutory Transfer
Scheme. The transfer of these power stations to NTPC will result in their optimal and efficient
utilization, bring power tariff down and benefit people of state.
Background
NTPC is the largest power generating company of India with total installed capacity of 53651 MW

(including JVs) from coal, gas, hydro, solar and wind power projects. It is one of the seven maharatna
company in India functioning under the Ministry of Power.
India emerges third largest solar market in the world in 2017
May 16, 2018
According to recently released report by Mercom Communications, India emerged as third largest
solar market in world in 2017 behind China and United States. Mercom Communications India is arm
of global clean energy consulting firm Mercom Capital Group.
Key Highlights of report
India has set new record with 9.6 GW of solar installations in 2017, which was more than double the
4.3 GW installed in 2016. In 2017, India’s solar market had grown at Compound Annual Growth Rate
(CAGR) of approximately 170% since 2010. The robust growth boosted India’s total solar installed
capacity to 19.6 GW as of December 2017. As of 2017-end, large-scale solar project development
accounted for 92% of the all-time cumulative solar installations in India with 19.6 GW and 2017 alone
made up 90% of such installations with 8.6 GW. Of the total 1.6 GW cumulative solar rooftop
installations in India by 2017, 995 MW was installed last year.
Bharat Inclusion Initiative: IIM Ahmedabad unveils $25 million initiative to fund start-ups
May 16, 2018
Indian Institute of Management Ahmedabad’s (IIMA’s) centre for innovation, incubation and
entrepreneurship (CIIE) has launched $25 million ‘Bharat Inclusion Initiative’ to fund start-ups. CIIE
was founded at IIMA to support entrepreneurs and turn business ideas into viable businesses
models. It partners with industry experts, mentors, corporates, IIMA community and investors to
help incubate early-stage start-ups.
Key Facts
CIIE’s ‘Bharat Inclusion Seed Fund’ aims to provide continuum of solutions to inclusion focused tech
entrepreneurs across the pre-incubation, seed and scale-up stage and help them jump to the next
orbit. It will mentor and invest in start-ups in the early stage and seed segment over the next three-
four years. The fund will look at start-ups in areas such as financial inclusion, livelihood, education,
agriculture, and health. It has set aside $22.5 million to invest in pre-Series A technology start-ups.
The initiative has received initial pledge of $12.5 million from Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation,
Michael and Susan Dell Foundation and Omidyar Network.
President inaugurates Integrated Centre for Crisis Management for CBRN emergencies at BARC
May 16, 2018
President Ram Nath Kovind inaugurated Integrated Centre for Crisis Management (ICCM) at Bhabha
Atomic Research Centre (BARC) in Mumbai, Maharashtra. The ICCM will help nation to respond
more effectively to chemical, biological, radiological and nuclear (CBRN) emergencies. It will monitor
radiological data from a network of 504 radiation sensors across the country.
Other launches
Multi-leaf collimator system: It has been developed by BARC. It is used radiotherapy as it enables gamma
radiation to be exposed only on cancer-affected organs.
Trombay Chhattisgarh Dubraj Mutant-1: It is high-yielding dwarf variety of Dubraj mutant rice. It is 43rd
high-yielding crop variety developed by BARC.
President Kovind also remotely inaugurated three other nuclear facilities of Department of Atomic
Energy (DEA). They are
Metal fuel pin fabrication facility: It has been jointly developed by BARC and Indira Gandhi Centre for
Atomic Research at Kalpakkam, near Chennai, Tamil Nadu. It will help to increase plutonium production in fast
breeder reactors.
High-power electron beam melting furnace: It is jointly developed by scientists of BARC and Nuclear Fuel
Complex. It will be used for nuclear and strategic applications.
Integrated enriched boron tri-fluoride gas generation facility: It was developed by Heavy-water Board in
Odisha. It will be used in neutron detectors.
Bhabha Atomic Research Centre (BARC)
BARC is India’s premier nuclear research facility based in Mumbai, Maharashtra. It is multi-
disciplinary research center with extensive infrastructure for advanced research and development.

Its R&D covers entire spectrum of nuclear science, engineering and related areas. BARC’s core
mandate is to sustain peaceful applications of nuclear energy, primarily for power generation.
Atal Pension Yojana’s subscriber base crosses 1 crore mark: PFRDA
May 16, 2018
According to Pension Fund Regulatory and Development Authority (PFRDA), the subscriber base of
Atal Pension Yojana (APY) has crossed 1 crore subscribers mark since its launch in May 2015. Till
date, the scheme has collected Rs. 3,950 crore of contribution from subscribers. It has generated
around 9.10% compounded annual growth rate (CAGR) since inception till March 2018.
Top ten states in APY mobilisation are: Uttar Pradesh (1,401,631), Bihar (1,061,660), Tamil Nadu
(814,917), Maharashtra (758,695), Karnataka (686,504), Andhra Pradesh (686,504), West Bengal
(551,471), Madhya Pradesh (498,111), Rajasthan (497,962) and Gujarat (486,465).
Atal Pension Yojana (APY)
APY was launched in June 2015 with aim to provide affordable universal access to essential social
security protection to unorganized work force of country, which constitute more than 85 per cent of
the workforce. It had replaced earlier government-backed pension Swavalamban scheme targeted at
the unorganised sector.
It is available to all citizens of India in age group of 18-40 years (making minimum period of
contribution by subscriber is 20 years). Under scheme, subscriber will receive minimum guaranteed
pension of Rs. 1000 to Rs. 5000 per month, depending on his contribution, from age of 60 years.
There is no exit to scheme before age of 60. In case of death of subscriber, spouse of subscriber is
entitled for same amount of pension till his or her death.
WHO launches REPLACE campaign to eliminate trans-fat in foods by 2023
May 16, 2018
World Health Organization (WHO) has launched comprehensive plan “REPLACE” to eliminate
industrially-produced artificial trans-fats from global food supply by 2023. The elimination of trans-
fats is key to protecting health and saving lives. REPLACE is abbreviated in six strategic actions as
Review, Promote, Legislate, Assess, Create awareness and Enforce.
Key Facts
The campaign provides step-by-step guide in six strategic actions of ‘REPLACE’ package to ensure
prompt, complete, and sustained elimination of industrially-produced trans-fats from global food
supply. Implementing six strategic actions will help achieve elimination of trans-fat and represent
major victory in the global fight against cardiovascular diseases.
Six areas of action include:
Review dietary sources of industrially produced transfats and landscape for required policy change.
Promote replacement of industrially produced transfats with healtier fats and oils.
Legislate or enact regulatory actions to eliminate industrially produced transfat.
Assess and monitor trans-fat content in the food supply and changes in transfat consumption in the
population…
Create awareness of the negative health impact of trans-fat among policy makers, producers,
suppliers and the public.
Enforce compliance with policies and regulations.
Background
Industrially-produced trans-fats are contained in hardened vegetable fats such as margarine and
ghee, and are often present in snack, baked, and fried foods. Manufacturers often use them as they
have longer shelf life than other fats. Increased intake of trans fat (>1% of total energy intake) is
associated with increased risk of coronary heart disease mortality and events as trans-fats clog
arteries, increasing the risk of heart attacks. WHO estimates that every year, trans fat intake leads to
over 5,00,000 deaths worldwide from cardiovascular diseases. Denmark was first country to
mandate restrictions on industrially-produced trans fats.
First International Rail Coach Expo held in Chennai, Tamil Nadu
May 16, 2018
The first-ever International Rail Coach Expo (IRCE) was in Chennai, Tamil Nadu from 17th to 19th
May 2018 to focus on Rail Coaches and train sets. Many reputed rail car and equipment builders
showcased their technology and products in this expo.

Key Facts
The three day expo was hosted by Integral Coach Factory (ICF) Chennai, under the Ministry of
Railways, in coordination with CII (Confederation of Indian Industries) and RITES Ltd. It provided
unique platform to bring different suppliers under one roof and create synergy for “Make in India”. It
saw participation of train enthusiasts, railway suppliers, designers, developers, and general public.
Integral Coach Factory (ICF)
ICF is manufacturer of rail coaches located in Chennai, Tamil Nadu. It was established in 1952. It is
owned and operated by Indian Railways. It primarily manufactures rolling stock for Indian Railways
and also exports railway coaches to other countries including Thailand, Myanmar, Taiwan, Zambia,
Philippines, Tanzania, Uganda, Vietnam, Nigeria, Mozambique, Bangladesh, Angola and Sri Lanka. It
employs about 11,095 people and manufactures about 2000 coaches per year.
May 17, 2018
Microhyla kodial: New frog species discovered in coastal Karnataka
May 17, 2018
Scientists have discovered new frog species named Microhyla kodial or Mangaluru narrow-mouthed
frog in a small industrial region in coastal Karnataka. It is christened Microhyla kodial after city of
Mangaluru (called kodial in Konkani language) from where they spotted it two years ago. The frog is
seen only in small industrial region which was former timber dumping yards wurrounded by
seaport, petrochemical, chemical and refinery industries.
Microhyla kodial
Mangaluru narrow-mouthed frog belongs to Microhyla genus which is primarily recorded from south
Asia. It is small in size measuring just 2 cm long. It is greyish-brown in colour with thick olive-green
band on its head, less-prominent dark green bands on rest of its body. It has very distinct loud, long
calls. It is not seen outside urban area and its behavioural observations revealed that it breeds only
during monsoon.
Its detailed genetic studies show that it is more closely related to Southeast Asian frogs than Indian
frogs. The industrial patch where it is currently found used to be depot for timber imported from
southeast Asia, therefore, it could have been accidentally introduced with timber that came from
Myanmar, Malaysia and Indonesia.
Mangaluru narrow-mouthed frog was the 42nd species belonging to genus Microhyla recorded from
south Asia. More than 650 microhylids (frogs belonging to the family Microhylidae) are found across
the world’s tropics.
Cabinet approves setting up of Central University in Andhra Pradesh
May 17, 2018
The Union Cabinet has given its in-principle approval for establishing Central University by name of
Central University of Andhra Pradesh in Janthaluru village of Ananthapur District of Andhra
Pradesh. It also approved the proposal for operationalization of Central University in transit campus.
Key Facts
Initially, the Central University will be formed as society under Societies Registration Act, 1860 in
order to give legal status to it till amendment to Central Universities Act, 2009 is enacted and to
enable commencement of academic activities from Academic Year 2018-19.
The Central University will be mentored by existing Central University till its governing structure is
in place. It will increase access and quality of higher education and help in minimizing the regional
imbalances in education facilities. It also gives effect to some provisions of Andhra Pradesh
Reorganization Act, 2014.
Cabinet approves establishment of National Institute of Mental Health Rehabilitation at Bhopal
May 17, 2018
The Union Cabinet has approved establishment of National Institute of Mental Health Rehabilitation
(NIMHR) at Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh. NIMHR, Bhopal. It will be first of its kind institute in country in
area of mental health rehabilitation.
Key Facts
NIMHR, Bhopal will be established as society under Societies Registration Act, 1860. It will function
under Department of Empowerment of Persons with Disabilities. Its objectives are to provide
rehabilitation services to persons with mental illness, capacity development in field of mental health

rehabilitation, policy framing and advanced research in mental health rehabilitation.

It will serve as institution of excellence to develop capacity building in area of mental health
rehabilitation and also help Government to develop models for effective rehabilitation of persons
with mental illness. It will have nine departments and centres and will conduct 12 courses to offer
diploma, certificate, graduate, post graduate, M.Phil degrees in the field of mental health
rehabilitation.
Cabinet approves strengthening commercial disputes resolution mechanism of CPSEs
May 17, 2018
Union Cabinet has approved strengthening commercial disputes resolution mechanism of Central
Public Sector Enterprises (CPSEs) inter se and also between CPSEs and other Government
Departments and Organizations. The Cabinet decision is based on recommendations of Committee
of Secretaries (CoS).
Key Facts
The new strengthened mechanism puts in place institutionalized mechanism within Government for
speedy resolution of commercial disputes of CPSEs without matter being referred to the Courts of
law. It consists of new two-tier mechanism to resolve commercial disputes between CPSEs outside
Courts of law.
It replaces existing Permanent Machinery of Arbitration (PMA) mechanism and excludes disputes
concerning Railways, Income Tax, Custom and Excise Departments from its ambit. It will promote
equity through mutual and collective efforts to resolve commercial disputes thereby reducing
number of litigations regarding commercial disputes in Court of Law and also avoid wastage of
public money.
New two-tier mechanism
First level (tier): Such commercial disputes will be referred to a committee comprising secretaries of
the administrative ministries to which the disputing parties belong and Law Secretary. The financial
advisors of two ministries concerned will represent issues related to dispute in question before the
committee.
In case the two disputing parties belong to same ministry, then committee will comprise secretary of
administrative ministries concerned, Law Secretary and Secretary, Department of Public
Enterprises. In such case, the matter will be represented by financial advisor and one joint secretary
of that ministry. For the prompt disposal of disputes, 3 months’ time schedule at this level has been
prescribed.
Second level (tier): In case dispute remains unresolved, even after consideration by above Committee
in first tier, it will be referred to Cabinet Secretary, whose decision will be final and binding on all
concerned.
Cabinet approves setting up of new AIIMS in Deoghar, Jharkhand
May 17, 2018
The Union Cabinet has approved setting up of a new All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS) in
Deoghar, Jharkhand under Pradhan Mantri Swasthya Suraksha Yojana (PMSSY). It will serve dual
purpose of providing super speciality health care to population and help to create large pool of
doctors and other health workers in this region to be available for primary and secondary-level
institutions and healthcare facilities being created under the National Health Mission (NHM).
Key Facts
AIIMS at Deoghar will consist of hospital with capacity of 750 beds, trauma centre facilities, medical
college with in-take of 100 MBBS students per year and nursing college with an int-ake of 60 B.Sc
(Nursing) students per year. It will also have residential complexes and allied facilities and services,
broadly on pattern of AIIMS, New Delhi. It will also have 20 Speciality and Super Speciality
Departments including 15 Operation Theatres. It will also consists of Ayush Department with 30
beds for providing treatment facilities in the traditional system of medicine.
Pradhan Mantri Swasthya Suraksha Yojana
PMSSY was announced in 2003. Its objectives are correcting regional imbalances in availability of
affordable and reliable tertiary healthcare services and augment facilities for quality medical
education in country. It establishes AIIMS in various regions of India apart from different
government colleges. It is funded from different centrally sponsored schemes relating to creating

infrastructure on health.
Under PMSSY, Government is planning to set up 20 AIIMS across the country. So far AIIMs have
been established in Bhubaneswar (Odisha), Bhopal (Madhya Pradesh), Raipur (Chattisgarh), Jodhpur
(Rajasthan), Rishikesh (Uttarakhand) and Patna (Bihar).
Work of AIIMS Rae Bareli (Uttar Pradesh), Nagpur (Maharashtra), Kalyani (West Bengal) and
Mangalagiri (Andhra Pradesh) is in progress. Construction work also has been awarded for AIIMS,
Gorakhpur (Uttar Pradesh). AIIMS have also been sanctioned in Bathinda (Punjab), Guwahati (Assam),
Bilaspur (Himachal Pradesh).
BSE becomes first Indian stock exchange to get US SEC’s DOSM recognition
May 17, 2018
BSE Ltd (earlier known as Bombay Stock Exchange) became first Indian exchange to be designated as
Designated Offshore Securities Market (DOSM) by United States Securities and Exchange Commission
(US-SEC).
Key Facts
DOSM status will allow sale of securities to US investors through trading venue of BSE without
registration of such securities with US SEC. This will ease trades by US investors in India and also
enhance attractiveness of Indian Depository Receipts (IDRs) amongst US investors.
The new status is also expected to primarily benefit securities issued in US private placements to
institutional investors. Moreover, it will provide liquid resale market which will exempt offerings by
BSE-listed companies, making them more attractive to US investors.
DOSM status will also provide additional benefits to companies whose securities are traded both in
US and on BSE. It will allow certain directors and officers of dual-listed companies to resell their
securities on BSE, regardless of any restrictions or holding periods that may apply under US
securities laws.
Bombay Stock Exchange (BSE)
BSE is Indian stock exchange located at Dalal Street, Mumbai (Maharashtra). It was established in
1875 (founded by Premchand Roychand as Native Share & Stock Brokers’ Association), making it
Asia’s first stock exchange. It was first Indian stock exchange to be recognized by Government under
the Securities Contracts Regulation Act in 1957. It has established India’s first international exchange
India INX in December 2016 in GIFT city, Gujarat.
BSE’s popular equity index -S&P BSE SENSEX is India’s most widely tracked stock market
benchmark index. BSE also provides host of services to capital market participants including risk
management, clearing, settlement, market data services and education.
BSE is the world’s 12th largest stock exchange with overall market capitalization of more than $ 2
trillion as of July, 2017. It also claims to be world’s fastest stock exchange, with median trade speed of
6 microseconds. It is also a Partner Exchange of United Nations Sustainable Stock Exchange
initiative, joining in September 2012.
BSE is first exchange in India and second in world to obtain an ISO 9001:2000 certification. It is also
first Exchange in India and second in world to receive Information Security Management System
Standard BS 7799-2-2002 certification for its On-Line trading System (BOLT).
Pradhan Mantri Krishi Sinchayee Yojana: Cabinet approves Micro Irrigation Fund under NABARD
May 17, 2018
The Cabinet Committee on Economic Affairs (CCEA) approved initial corpus of Rs.5,000 crore for
setting up of dedicated Micro Irrigation Fund (MIF) in NABARD (National Bank for Agriculture and
Rural Development) under Pradhan Mantri Krishi Sinchayee Yojana (PMKSY).
Key Facts
The allocation of MIF under PMKSY will be made in instalments of Rs 2,000 crore and Rs 3,000 crore
in 2018-19 and 2019-20. Under it, NABARD will extend loans to state governments during this period.
The lending rate under MIF has been proposed at 3% lower than cost of raising fund by NABARD.
States will pay back loans in total seven years period, including grace period of two years. The total
financial implication on interest subvention from MIF will be about Rs. 750 crore.
Benefits
The dedicated MIF will supplement efforts of Per Drop More Crop (PDMC) Component of PMKSY in
an effective and timely manner. It will help to bring about 10 lakh ha of land under irrigation through

innovative composite, community and cluster based micro irrigation projects with additional
investment in MIF.
The MIF will facilitate states to mobilise resources for their initiatives, including additional (top up
subsidy) in implementation of PMKSY-PDMC to achieve annual target of about 2 Million ha per year
during remaining period of 14 th Finance Commission under PDMC component of PMKSY as
recommended by Group of Secretaries.
Implementation Strategy
States may access MIF for innovative integrated irrigation projects, including projects in Public
Private Partnership (PPP) mode. They may also use it for incentivizing micro irrigation through
additional (top up) subsidy over and above one available under PMKSY-PDMC Guidelines and for
covering additional areas.
Farmers Producers Organization (FPO), Cooperatives and State Level Agencies can also access funds
with Guarantee of State Government or equivalent collateral. Farmers Co-operatives can also access
this fund for innovative cluster based Community Irrigation Projects.
Advisory Committee will be constituted to provide policy direction and ensure effective planning,
coordination and monitoring projects along with Steering Committee for examining and approving
these projects from state governments.
Coverage
Micro Irrigation Fund (MIF) will have pan India coverage. States lagging behind in adoption of micro
irrigation will be encouraged to take advantage of fund for incentivizing farmers. Besides,
community driven and innovative projects will be taken up by state will be provided loans to bring
additional coverage of micro irrigation.
Pradhan Mantri Krishi Sinchayee Yojana (PMKSY)
PMKSY has been formulated amalgamating ongoing schemes viz. AIBP, Integrated Watershed
Management Programme (IWMP) and On Farm Water Management (OFWM) component of National
Mission on Sustainable Agriculture (NMSA). It is implemented by Ministries of Agriculture, Water
Resources and Rural Development.
Objectives of PMKSY
Achieve convergence of investments in irrigation at the field level.
Expand cultivable area under assured irrigation (har khet ko pani).
Enhance the adoption of precision-irrigation and other water saving technologies (More crop per drop).
Improve on-farm water use efficiency to reduce wastage of water.
Enhance recharge of aquifers.
Introduce sustainable water conservation practices.
Network for Spectrum Project for Defence Services: CCEA approves enhancement of budget
May 17, 2018
The Cabinet Committee on Economic Affairs (CCEA) has given its approval for enhancement of
budget by Rs.11,330 crore for Network For Spectrum (NFS) project. This is over and above Rs.13,334
crore already approved by Cabinet Committee on Infrastructure in July, 2012. With this, total budget
for the network for Defence services has now gone up to Rs. 24,664 crore.
Network For Spectrum (NFS) project
The NFS project aims at laying alternate communication network for Defence Services. NFS project
will boost the communication capabilities of Defence Forces. In major way, it will lead to enhanced
national operational preparedness. It will also have forward linkages to other related industries such
as telecom equipment manufacturing and other telecommunication related services. The project is
being implemented by Bharat Sanchar Nigam Limited (BSNL) and will be completed in 2 years
period.
Background
The Union Defence Ministry and Department of Telecommunication (DoT), the highest decision
making body in Telecom Ministry had signed an agreement in 2009-10 to set up exclusive defence
network for its communication services. Under it, DoT had agreed to vacate 25 MHz of 3G spectrum
and 20 MHz of 2G spectrum in phases soley for defence communication purpose.

Cabinet approves National Policy on Biofuels, 2018

May 17, 2018
The Union Cabinet has approved National Policy on Biofuels – 2018 in order to promote biofuels in
the country. Biofuels in India are of strategic importance as it augers well with ongoing initiatives of
Government such as Make in India, Skill Development and Swachh Bharat Abhiyan. It also offers
great opportunity to integrate with ambitious targets of doubling of import reduction, farmers’
income, employment generation, waste to wealth Creation.
Salient features of Policy
The policy categorises of biofuels to enable extension of appropriate financial and fiscal incentives
under each category
Basic Biofuels: First Generation (1G) bioethanol and biodiesel.
Advanced Biofuels: Second Generation (2G) ethanol, Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) to drop-in fuels, Third
Generation (3G) biofuels, bio-CNG etc.
Expansion scope of raw material for ethanol production: It allows use of sugarcane juice, sugar
containing materials like sweet sorghum, sugar beet, starch containing materials like corn, cassava,
damaged food grains like broken rice, wheat, rotten potatoes, unfit for human consumption for
ethanol production.
Use of surplus food grains: The policy allows use of surplus food grains for production of ethanol for
blending with petrol with approval of National Biofuel Coordination Committee. This will ensure
farmers get appropriate price for their produce during the surplus production phase.
Incentives to advanced biofuel: Viability gap funding scheme indicated for 2G ethanol Bio refineries
of Rs.5000 crore in 6 years for giving special emphasis to advanced biofuels. It also proposes
additional tax incentives, higher purchase price as compared to 1G biofuels.
Supply chain mechanisms: The policy encourages setting up of supply chain mechanisms for
biodiesel production from non-edible oilseeds, used cooking oil, short gestation crops.
Synergising efforts: It predefines roles and responsibilities of all the concerned Ministries and
Government Departments with respect to biofuels to synergise efforts.
Expected Benefits
Reduce Import Dependency: The ethanol supply will help to reduce import dependency on crude oil
which will in turn result in savings of forex.
Cleaner Environment: The use of ethanol will reduce CO2 emissions. It will also reduce Green House
Gas emissions by reducing crop burning and conversion of agricultural residues and wastes into
biofuels.
Health benefits: Prolonged reuse of cooking oil for preparing food, particularly in deep-frying causes
health hazard and can lead to many diseases. By using cooking oil as a potential feedstock for
biodiesel will prevent diversion of used cooking oil in the food industry.
Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) Management: Using advance technologies waste and plastic in MSW
can be converted in use fuels. One ton of such waste has potential to provide around 20% of drop in
fuels.
Infrastructural Investment in Rural Areas: Addition of 2G bio refineries across country will spur
infrastructural investment in the rural areas.
Employment Generation: Setting up one 100klpd 2G bio refinery contributes to 1200 jobs in plant
operations, village level entrepreneurs and supply chain management.
Additional Income to Farmers: By adopting 2G technologies for producing biofuels, agricultural
residues and waste which otherwise are burnt by farmers can be converted to ethanol. Through this
process farmers can fetch price for these waste. Moreover, conversion of surplus grains and
agricultural biomass can also help in price stabilization for farmers.
WHO publishes its first Essential Diagnostics List
May 17, 2018
The World Health Organisation (WHO) has published its first Essential Diagnostics List, a catalogue
of tests needed to diagnose most common diseases along with number of global priority diseases. It
aims to address people’s inability to access diagnostic services, which results in them from receiving
correct treatment.

Essential Diagnostics List

The essential diagnostics list concentrates on in-vitro tests like tests of blood and urine. It contain
overall 113 products which comprises 58 tests for detection and diagnosis of a wide range of common
conditions. Remaining 55 tests for detection, diagnosis and monitoring of ‘priority’ diseases such as
tuberculosis, malaria, HIV, hepatitis B and C, syphilis and human papillomavirus.
For each category of test, list specifies type of test and intended use, format and if appropriate for
primary health care or for health facilities with laboratories. It also provides links to WHO guidelines
or publications and to pre-qualified products. Some of tests enlisted in it are particularly suitable for
primary health care (PHCs) facilities, where laboratory services are often poorly resourced and
sometimes non-existent.
Updation
WHO will update list on regular basis and will also issue call for applications to add categories to
next edition. It is expected to expand significantly over next few years to incorporate other
important areas including emerging pathogens, neglected tropical diseases, antimicrobial resistance
and additional non-communicable diseases.
Significance
Essential Diagnostics List will provide uniform tool that can be useful to all countries, not only to test
and treat health complications better but also to use health funds more efficiently by concentrating
on the truly essential tests. It also provides an essential package that can form the basis for screening
and management of patients. It similar to WHO’s essential medicines list, which has been in use for
four decades and serve as reference for countries to update or develop their own list of essential
diagnostics.
World Health Organization (WHO)
WHO is a specialized agency of the United Nations that acts as a coordinating authority on
international public health. Established on 7 April 1948, it succeeded the Health Organization, which
was an agency of the League of Nations. It is a member of the United Nations Development Group
and its headquarters is located at Geneva. WHO flag features the Rod of Asclepius as a symbol for
healing.
May 18, 2018
President appoints Uttam Pacharne as Chairman of Lalit Kala Akademi
May 18, 2018
President Ram Nath Kovind has appointed Uttam Pacharne as regular Chairman of Lalit Kala
Akademi. He will have tenure of three years from the date on which he assumes the charge of his
office. He will replace ML Srivastava, Joint Secretary (Akademies), Ministry of Culture who was
appointed protem chairman of Akademi in March 2018.
Uttam Pacharne
He is eminent artist and sculptor and is widely respected person in field of art. He has held various
important positions in various government organisations. He is recipient of National Lalit Kala
Award (1985), Maharashtra Gaurav Puraska (1985), Junior National Award (1986) and Jeevan Gaurav
Puraskar (2017). Currently, he is Member of Advisory Committee, Kala Academy, Goa and Member of
Advisory Committee, P.L. Deshpande State Lalit Kala Academy and Director, Janseva Sahakari Bank
Borivali.
Lalit Kala Akademi
It is India’s national academy to promote and propagate understanding of Indian art, in and outside
the country. It is also called as National Academy of Art. It is autonomous organisation funded by
Ministry of Culture. It was established in 1954. It provides scholarships and fellow program and
sponsors and organises exhibitions in India and overseas. It publishes bilingual journal.
RBI tweaks norms for setting up of IFSC Banking Units
May 18, 2018
The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) has modified norms for setting up International Financial Services
Centres (IFSC) Banking Units (IBUs) by banks in IFSCs. In April 2015, RBI had formulated scheme for
setting up of IFSC IBUs by banks in IFSCs.
Key Facts
The modification makes mandatory for parent bank to provide and maintain at all times minimum

capital of US $ 20 million or equivalent in any foreign currency to its IBU. However, minimum
prescribed regulatory capital, including for exposures of IBU, should be maintained on on-going basis
at parent level.
Moreover, parent bank will be also required to provide Letter of Comfort for extending financial
assistance, as and when required, in the form of capital/liquidity support to IBU. The guidelines are
applicable to IBUs set up in Gujarat International Finance Tec-City (GIFT) as well as in other IFSCs
which may be set up in India.
The modification was made based on suggestions from stakeholders to consider minimum
prescribed regulatory capital at parent level rather than at IBU level. The government has set up an
IFSC in Gujarat namely Gujarat International Finance Tec-City (GIFT) in Gandhinagar, Gujarat.
India’s economy is projected to grow 7.6% in 2018-19: UN WESP
May 18, 2018
According to UN World Economic Situation and Prospects (WESP), India’s economy is projected to
grow 7.6% in fiscal year 2018-19, making it fastest growing economy in the world. GDP growth in
India is expected 7.5 and 7.6% in fiscal years 2017-18 and 2018-19 respectively.
Key Highlights of report
World economy: It is projected to reach 3.2% both in 2018 and 2019, an upward revision by 0.2 and
0.1%, respectively. Global GDP is expected to expand, reflecting strong growth in developed countries
and broadly favourable investment conditions. However rising trade tensions, heightened
uncertainty over monetary policy, increasing debt levels and greater geopolitical tensions can
potentially thwart growth progress.
World trade growth: It also has accelerated, reflecting widespread increase in global demand. Many
commodity-exporting countries will also benefit from the higher level of energy and metal prices.
The modest rise in global commodity prices will exert some upward pressure on inflation in many
countries. But the inflationary pressures remain contained across most developed and developing
regions.
India: GDP growth is expected 7.5 and 7.6% in fiscal years 2017-18 and 2018-19 respectively. This is a
substantial recovery from 6.7% growth India registered in fiscal year 2017. Growth in India is gaining
momentum, underpinned by robust private consumption, slightly more supportive fiscal stance and
benefits from past reforms. Though capital spending in India has shown signs of revival, more
widespread and sustained recovery in private investment remains crucial challenge in India.
China: It is projected to gradually moderate from 6.9% in 2017 to 6.5% in 2018 and 6.3% in 2019. Its
growth is expected to remain solid, supported by robust consumer spending and supportive fiscal
policies followed by ongoing structural reforms.
South Asia: GDP growth in region is expected to strengthen to 6.6% in 2018 and 6.8% in 2019,
following an expansion of 6% in 2017. It remains favourable, amid robust domestic demand, strong
infrastructure investment and moderately accommodative monetary policies. Moreover, regional
inflation is anticipated to remain stable and at relatively low levels.
UN World Economic Situation and Prospects (WESP)
The report is joint product of UN Department of Economic and Social Affairs (UN/DESA), UN
Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) and five United Nations regional commissions.
Commerce Ministry establishes Directorate General of Trade Remedies
May 18, 2018
Union Ministry of Commerce and Industry issued notification for creation of Directorate General of
Trade Remedies (DGTR) in Department of Commerce. In this regard amendments were made in
Government of India (Allocation of Business) Rules, 1961.
Directorate General of Trade Remedies
DGTR will be apex national authority for administering all trade remedial measures including anti-
dumping, countervailing duties and safeguard measures. It will bring Directorate General of Anti-
dumping and Allied duties (DGAD), Directorate General of Safeguards (DGS) and Safeguards (QR)
functions into its fold by merging them into one single national entity. It will also provide trade
defence support to our domestic industry and exporters in dealing with increasing instances of trade
remedy investigations instituted against them by other countries.

It will serve as multi service organization drawing upon the skill-set of various officers from various
ministries in the field of International Trade, Customs, Revenue, Finance, Economics, Costing and
Law. Creation of DGTR will result in savings of 49 posts to Government on account of merging
DGAD and DGS. Thus, its establishment will be in line with Government’s goal of “Minimum
Government Maximum Governance.
Background
In recent years, Government had initiated more than 130 anti-dumping, countervailing duty and
safeguard cases to deal with rising incidences of unfair trade practices and provide a level playing
field to domestic industry. The issue of creation of DGTR was pending since 1997 to provide a level
playing field to domestic industry.
Arsenic Sensor and Removal Media: IISER develops device to detect and remove arsenic from water
May 18, 2018
Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) in collaboration with private company has
developed a new device-Arsenic Sensor and Removal Media to detect and remove arsenic content from
water and make it safe and usable by households.
Arsenic Sensor and Removal Media
The device is very easy to use, very cost effective and anyone can use it to detect arsenic easily. It
uses very simple and household detection sensing methodology. It is capable of sensing soluble
arsenic (3) which cannot be easily detected and removed.
It can show immediate change in colour in arsenic contaminated water. It provides holistic approach
in immediate detection of arsenic contamination levels from available water resources and thereafter
produces arsenic-free potable water. It has high sensitivity as it can sense up to parts per billion
(ppb) level compared to many currently available techniques which sense parts per million (ppm).
Arsenic Pollution
Arsenic is a natural component in the earth’s crust. It is widely distributed throughout the
environment in the air, water and land. It is highly toxic in its inorganic form. Intake of soluble
inorganic arsenic over long period can lead to chronic arsenic poisoning (arsenicosis), diabetes,
cardiovascular diseases and cancer. WHO permissible limit of arsenic in groundwater is 0.1 mg per
litre. . In India, it was revised recently by Bureau of Indian Standards from 0.05 mg/l to 0.01 mg/l. In
India, Arsenic pollution big problem in Bengal and neighbouring states. In Bengal, there are 83 blocks
in eight districts where groundwater is arsenic contaminated. Malda, Murshidabad and Nadia
districts have higher levels of arsenic concentration.
May 19, 2018

May 18: International Museum Day

May 19, 2018
The International Museum Day is observed on May 18 across the world to raise awareness on how
important museums are in the development of society. The 2018 theme was ‘Museums and Hyper
Communication – New Approaches and New Public‘.
Significance of theme
Hyperconnectivity term was invented in 2001 to design multiple means of communication, such as
face-to-face contact, email, instant messaging, telephone or Internet. This global network of
connections is becoming more complex day by day, diverse and integrated. In the hyperconnected
world, museums join this trend being inherent part of their local communities, their cultural
landscape and their natural environment.
Background
International Museum Day was instituted in 1977 by International Council of Museums (ICOM). The
objective of day is to raise awareness of museums as an important means of cultural exchange,
enrichment of cultures and development of mutual understanding, cooperation and peace among
peoples.
International Council of Museum (ICOM)
It is the main and only organisation of museums and museum professionals with global scope,
committed to promotion and protection of natural and cultural heritage, present and future, tangible
and intangible. It was created in 1946 and is headquartered in Paris, France. It serves as a network of
museum professionals (35,000 members in 137 countries) acting in wide range of museum- and
heritage-related disciplines.
Justice Ramalingam Sudhakar sworn-in as Chief Justice of the High Court of Manipur
May 19, 2018
Justice Ramalingam Sudhakar was sworn in as fifth Chief Justice of High Court of Manipur after was
appointed by the President Ram Nath Kovind. He was administered the oath of office by Governor
Prof Jagdish Mukhi as per Article 219 of Constitution.
Justice Sudhakar
Justice Sudhakar hails from Panapakkam village in Vellore district. He graduated with Bachelors’
Degree in Life Sciences from Loyola College and obtained law degree from Madras Law College. He
was enrolled as advocate in 1983 and started practice as associate of legal luminary and senior
advocate Habibullah Badsha, former Advocate General of Tamil Nadu and Public Prosecutor of
Madras High Court.
He was appointed as judge of Madras High Court in 2005 and as judge of High Court of Jammu and
Kashmir in 2016. In 2018, he was appointed as acting Chief Justice of High Court of J&K.
Government appoints Anil Kumar Jha as CMD of Coal India Limited
May 19, 2018
The Appointments Committee of the Cabinet (ACC) has appointed Anil Kumar Jha as full time
Chairman and Managing Director (CMD) of Coal India Limited (CIL). He will be in office till January
31, 2020. He replaces Coal Ministry’s Additional Secretary Suresh Kumar, who had recently assumed
additional charge of CMD of CIL.
Anil Kumar Jha
Prior to this appointment, Anil Kumar Jha was CMD of CIL’s subsidiary Mahanadi Coalfields. He
holds MTech in Mine Planning & Design from Indian School of Mines, Dhanbad, Jharkhand. He has
rich work experience spanning 32 years in field of mine planning, production, management
supervision, direction and control of underground as well as open cast coal mines. He also has
worked with Central Mine Planning & Design Institute, the exploration arm of CIL, for 14 years,
planning both opencast and underground mines.
Coal India Limited (CIL)
It is state-controlled coal mining company headquartered in Kolkata, West Bengal. Government of
India owns CIL and controls operations of CIL through Ministry of Coal. It is largest coal producing
company in the world. It contributes to around 82% of the coal production in India. It was conferred
the Maharatna status in 2015, making it one of the seven maharatnas companies. Its market
capitalisation (as of October 2015) was Rs.2.11 lakh crore (US$32 billion) making it India’s 8th most

valuable company by market value.

Sagar cyclonic storm: IMD issues advisory to 5 states and 1 UT
May 19, 2018
The India Meteorological Department (IMD) issued advisory to Tamil Nadu, Kerala, Karnataka, Goa,
Maharashtra and Lakshadweep archipelago (UT) over cyclonic storm ‘Sagar’. The cyclonic storm was
developed as low pressure area in Arabian Sea which gained strength and intensified into depression
and later into a cyclone ‘Sagar’. It is the first cyclonic storm of season to develop in Indian waters.
Key Facts
The cyclonic storm lay cantered over Gulf of Aden, about 390 km east-northeast of Yemen’s Aden city
and 560 km west-northwest of Socotra Islands. It will made landfall in coastal Somalia. Gale winds
speed reaching 70-80 kilometers per hour gusting to 90 kmph are very likely around system centre
covering Gulf of Aden and adjoining areas of west central and southwest Arabian Sea for some time
and gradually decrease thereafter.
CSTT adopts AYUSH word for scientific and technical purposes
May 19, 2018
Commission for Scientific and Technical Terminology (CSTT) adopted word ‘AYUSH’ in Hindi and
English languages for scientific and technical purposes. The decision follows a proposal from
Ministry of AYUSH in this regards. AYUSH word has become popular as acronym for five traditional
and complementary systems of medicine, namely Ayurveda, Yoga & Naturopathy, Unani, Siddha and
Homoeopathy.
Key Facts
CSTT approved ‘ayush’ word with meaning “Traditional and Non-Conventional Systems of Health Care
and Healing which include Ayurveda, Yoga, Naturopathy, Unani, Siddha, Sowa Rigpa, Homoeopathy etc”.
Now the word will be officially used in all Government communications. Following this recognition,
ayush word is expected to gain currency in popular usage in a short span of time.
Significance of Recognition
The usage of Ayushh word in Hindi and English will underline essential unity of all holistic systems
of tradition healing in India. It will also strength to efforts of the Ministry of AYUSH to develop
integrated solutions to manage the public health challenges of country.
It will also give boost to India’s efforts to find place for Indian Systems of Healthcare in International
Classification of Diseases (ICD) of World Health Organization (WHO). It will lead to their
international acceptance, increased rigor of research in them and their over-all development.
Commission for Scientific and Technical Terminology (CSTT)
CSTT was established in December 1960 by Government of India resolution under provision Article
344(4) of Constitution with objective of evolving and defining scientific and technical terms in Hindi
and all Indian languages. It also coordinates with all states to ensure uniformity of scientific
terminology in Hindi and other Indian languages. It is headquartered in New Delhi.
Functions of CSTT
Preparation and Publication of bilingual and trilingual glossaries involving English and Hindi and other Indian
Languages.
Identification of pan Indian terms. Preparation and publication of national terminology.
Identification and publication of School Level Terminology and Departmental Glossaries. Preparation of
Definitional Dictionaries and Encyclopaedias.
Preparation of University level textbooks, monographs and journals. Grant-in-Aid to grant academies, textbook
boards and university cells for University level books in regional languages.
Propagation, expansion and critical review of terms coined and defined through training and orientation
programmes, workshops, seminars etc.
Providing necessary terminology to National Translation Mission.
Parcel Cargo Express Train connecting northeast to West Coast begins operation
May 19, 2018
Northeast Frontier Railway of Indian Railway has started operating one lease Parcel Cargo Express
Train (PCET) connecting northeastern part of the country to West Coast on fortnightly basis. It was
launched on line of Government’s priority to provide connectivity to northeast region and

empowering local industries of this region.

Key Facts
The PCET will enable farmers from northeast to market their lucrative products like tea, betal nuts,
pineapple, jute, horticulture products, cane furniture etc. at retail markets in Mumbai, Bengaluru,
Nagpur, Pune. Its route will cover New Guwahati in Assam to Kalyan in Maharashtra.
It will serve as business tool without any additional strain on resources of railways. Moreover, it will
help to promote industries of northregion by providing them markets and also provide sustainable
job opportunity to local youths including unskilled labour.
The leased PCET will also generate substantial revenue to Indian Railways in their contractual
periods of 6 years each. The unit transportation cost through PCET is relatively less than cost of road
transportation. Thus, benefiting transporters as well as consumers on account of less transportation
cost.
Single PCET can carry consignment equivalent to 52 trucks. This will ensure less carbon emission
which will contribute for Green India and saving of foreign exchange on account of purchasing of
fuel.
India’s freshwater stocks in danger: NASA
May 19, 2018
According first of its kind study of NASA, India is among hotspots where overuse of water resources
has caused sharp decline in availability of freshwater. The study was conducted by scientists from
NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Centre by using an array of NASA satellite observations to track global
hydrologic changes.
About Study
Scientists had used 14 years of observations from Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE)
spacecraft mission, a joint project of NASA and German Aerospace Centre, to track global trends in
freshwater in 34 regions around the world. This is for first time scientists had used observations
from multiple satellites for assessment of how freshwater availability is changing everywhere on
Earth.
Key Facts
The study revealed that wetter parts of earth’s were getting wetter and dry areas getting drier due to
variety of factors, including human water use, climate change and natural cycles. Areas in northern
and eastern India, West Asia, Australia and California (US) are among hotspots where overuse of
water resources has caused serious decline in availability of freshwater.
In northern India, groundwater extraction for irrigation of wheat and rice crops has led to depletion,
despite rainfall being normal. The groundwater extractions has already exceed recharge during
normal precipitation does not bode well for the availability of groundwater during future droughts.
India saw 211 tuberculosis cases per 1,00,000 population in 2016: WHO
May 19, 2018
According to World Health Statistics 2018 released by World Health Organisation (WHO), India saw
estimated 211 cases of tuberculosis (TB) per 1,00,000 people in 2016. India has pledged to eradicate
tuberculosis by 2025, five years ahead of global target set by WHO. WHO’s annual World Health
Statistics reports present most recent health statistics for WHO Member States.
Key highlights of World Health Statistics 2018
Tuberculosis (TB): Globally, incidence of TB registered 19% decline over 16-year period from 173 new
and relapse cases per 1,00, 000 population in year 2000 to 140 per 1,00,000 population in 2016. It
remains high-burden disease and progress in fighting it, although impressive, is still not fast enough
to close persistent gaps.
Cases reported in India were lower than neighbouring Bangladesh and Myanmar which recorded 221
and 361 cases respectively in this category. However, Nepal and Bhutan recorded fewer number of TB
cases per 1,00,000 population than India
Maternal mortality ratio (MMR) in India: It was 174 per 1,00,000 births in 2015. The Sustainable
Development Goals (SDGs) for 2030 is to lower MMR for all countries to less than 70 per 1,00,000
births.
Air pollution: Deaths due to air pollution was concerned, age-standardised mortality rate attributed
to household and ambient air pollution (per 1,00,000 population) in 2016 was 184.3% in India.

Per capita health expenditure in India: It was around US $63 in 2015, way lower than China (US
$426), while in Pakistan it was $38.
Supreme Court approves draft Cauvery Management Scheme
May 19, 2018
Supreme Court has approved Centre’s draft Cauvery Management Scheme for smooth distribution of
water among four southern riparian states/UT viz. Karnataka, Tamil Nadu, Kerala and Puducherry. It
ordered Central Government to notify the scheme before the monsoons.
SC Order
The apex court also modified Cauvery Water Disputes Tribunal (CWDT) award of 2007 and made it
clear that it will not be extending time for its implementation on any ground. It also raised
Karnataka’s share of Cauvery water by 14.75 tmcft saying that issue of drinking water of Southern
Karnataka region has to be placed on a higher pedestal. At the same time, it reduced Tamil Nadu’s
share, while compensating it by allowing extraction of 10 tmcft groundwater from river basin.
Cauvery Management Scheme
The scheme deals with release of water from Karnataka to Tamil Nadu, Kerala and Puducherry. It will
be implemented by Cauvery Management Authority (CMA). CMA will be sole body to implement
CWDT award as modified by Supreme Court. The Central Government will have no say in
implementing of the scheme except for issuing administrative advisories to it.
Cauvery River
Cauvery River rises on Brahmagiri Hill of Western Ghats in south-western Karnataka. It flows in
south-easterly direction through Karnataka and Tamil Nadu before emptying into Bay of Bengal. At
its mouth near Bay of Bengal it forms wide delta called garden of southern India. Kaveri’s main
tributaries are Kabani (Kabbani), Noyil, Amaravati, Hemavati, Lakshmantirtha and Bhavani rivers.
The river is important for its irrigation canal projects in southern states of Karnataka, Tamil Nadu,
Kerala and Puducherry.
May 20, 2018
Emergency Summit of OIC held in Istanbul to discuss Israel-Palestine violence
May 20, 2018
The 57-member Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) held extraordinary summit in Istanbul,
Turkey to discuss recent Israeli violence against Palestinian protesters in Gaza Strip. The summit
was convened at the invitation of Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan. It condemned massacre
of Peaceful Palestinian civilian protestors by the Israeli forces as well as on the official opening of US
Embassy in Jerusalem in defiance of international law, UN Security Council (UNSC) and General
Assembly (UNGA) Resolution.
Background
Recently violent protests were held in Gaza which coincided with Israel’s 70th anniversary – an
event Palestinians refer to as Nakba or “Catastrophe” and relocation of the US Embassy to Israel from
Tel Aviv to Jerusalem. In these protests more than 100 palestinian protesters were killed by Israeli
security forces deployed along the other side of the border. Turkey had responded to the violence by
asking Israeli ambassador to leave the country, while also recalling its ambassadors to US and Israel
for consultations.
Organisation of Islamic Cooperation (OIC)
OIC is international organization that aims to provide collective voice to Muslim world and
safeguard and protect interests of the Muslim world in the spirit of promoting international peace
and harmony. It was established in 1969 and has administrative centre (headquarters) in Jeddah,
Saudi Arabia.
OIC consists of 57 member states spread over four continents with collective population of over 1.3
billion as of 2009 with 47 countries being Muslim Majority countries. It has permanent delegations
to United Nations and the European Union. Its official languages are Arabic, English, and French. It is
second largest inter-governmental organization after UN.
Issues with India: In this organisation, India is a blocked country, though it second largest country
(after Indonesia) in terms of Muslim population (It has about 12% of the world’s Muslim population).
India has been blocked by Pakistan from joining the OIC over Kashmir issue. OIC regard parts of
Kashmir as “occupied by India”.

PM Narendra Modi inuagrates Kishanganga Hydroelectric project in J&K

May 20, 2018
Prime Minister Narendra Modi inaugurated 300 MW Kishanganga Hydroelectric Project in
Bandipora District of Jammu & Kashmir. He also laid foundation stone of 1000 MW capacity Pakal
Dul Power Project.
Pakal Dul HydroElectric Project
Pakal Dul Dam is proposed 167m concrete-face rock-fill dam (CFRD) on Marusadar River, a tributary
of Chenab River in Kishtwar district of J&K. The primary purpose of the dam is hydroelectric power
generation. Its underground power house has four units each of 250 MW capacity (total 1000 MW).
With 1000 MW capacity, it will be largest Hydro Power Project in J&K on completion. It will be also
first storage project in J&K. Its project cost is shared by Government of India as well as the
Government of J&K. It will have immense benefits for J&K by supplying power and also by
improving water availability during lean season.
Kishangana HydroElectric Project
It is 37 m high concrete faced rockfill dam (CFRD) constructed on Kishanganga River in Jhelum River
basin in Bandipore in Jammu and Kashmir. Its construction was started in 2007 and completed in
2016. It has underground power House with 3 Units of 110 MW capacity each (330 MW). Its all units
were synchronised in May 2018. It will provide a free power of 13% to the state, which will be around
Rs. 133 crore per year.
India drags US to WTO over imposition of duties
May 20, 2018
India has dragged United States (US) to World Trade Organisation’s (WTO) Dispute Settlement
Mechanism over imposition of import duties on steel and aluminium. India stated that decision will
of imposition of import duties impact its exports of these products to US and is not in compliance
with global trade norms.
Key Facts
India has sought consultations with US as first step of dispute settlement process under the WTO’s
dispute settlement mechanism. If the two nations are not able to reach mutually agreed solution
through consultation, India may request for WTO dispute settlement panel to review matter.
Background
In March 2018, US President Donald Trump had imposed heavy import tariffs on imported steel and
aluminium items, a move that has sparked fears of global trade war. He had signed two
proclamations that levied 25% tariff on steel and 10% tariff on aluminium imported from all countries
except Canada and Mexico. India had sought exemptions from the hefty tariffs. US decision had not
only impacted India’s export of these goods but also affected global trade. India’s exports of steel and
aluminium products to US stood at about US $1.5 billion every year. India and US are already
involved in disputes at WTO, a global trade body. The disputes are in the areas of poultry, solar and
steel. US recently had filed dispute against India on export incentives alleging these support
measures harm its workers by creating an uneven playing field.
IIT Kanpur sets up India’s first advisory centre for energy
May 20, 2018
Indian Institute of Technology (IIT)-Kanpur has set up India’s first Centre for Energy Regulation
(CER) with the help of Government of United Kingdom. The first of its kind centre in India aims at
providing independent advisory on policy and regulatory matters in the power and energy sector.
Centre for Energy Regulation (CER)
It is initiative of Department of Industrial and Management Engineering of IIT Kanpur to enhance
regulatory research and networking in Indian power sector. CER and identified activities under it are
funded by Department for International Development (DfID), Government of United Kingdom (UK).
CER focuses on need for India specific forward-looking research in collaboration of regulatory
institutions and relevant stakeholders to provide solutions to issues such as growth of Indian
economy, increasing energy demand, energy efficiency, security and access to electricity.
It encourages interaction between regulatory and academic institutions. It targets to offer research
in emerging areas of power sector regulation and policy. It core research areas comprise regulatory
and policy changes in power and energy sector, energy finance, energy sector modelling and

operative planning in energy markets etc.

Zojila tunnel: PM Narendra Modi launches construction of Asia’s longest road tunnel
May 20, 2018
Prime Minister Narendra Modi inaugurated construction of Rs 6,809 crore Zojila tunnel project in
Jammu and Kashmir’s Leh. It will be India’s and Asia’s longest and strategic bi-directional road
tunnel, which will provide all-weather connectivity between Jammu and Kashmir’s Srinagar, Kargil
and Leh.
Zojila Tunnel
It will be situated at altitude of 11,578 feet on Srinagar-Kargil-Leh National Highway (NH-1A). It
consists of 14.150 km long two-lane bidirectional single tube tunnel with parallel 14.200 km long
egress (escape) tunnel, making it Asia’s longest bidirectional road tunnel.
Its objective is to provide safe, fast and cheap all whether connectivity to strategically important Leh
region in J&K which at moment is limited to at best six months because of snow on mountainous
passes and threat of avalanches. It will reduce time taken to cross Zojila pass from present three and
half hours to just fifteen minutes.
The tunnel will have latest safety features like uninterrupted power supply (UPS), tunnel emergency
lighting, fully transverse ventilation system, CCTV monitoring, variable message signs (VMS), traffic
logging equipment, over height vehicle detection, tunnel radio system etc.
The construction project will be implemented by Ministry of Road Transport & Highways (MoRTH)
through National Highways and Infrastructure Development Corporation Limited (NHIDCL) on
Engineering, Procurement and Construction (EPC) mode. It will be completed in five years.
Significance
The construction of this tunnel will provide all weather safe, fast and cheap connectivity connectivity
between Srinagar, Kargil and Leh. It will bring about all round economic and socio-cultural
integration of these regions. It also has strategic and socio-economic importance and it will be
instrument for development of economically backward districts in J&K. The project, on completion,
will also lead to enormous boost in employment as local businesses get linked to National market and
beautiful region is able to receive round the year tourist traffic. It will also benefit defense forces as
they now have to face hard time ensuring supplies to border posts during winters. The Zogi La pass
is most strategic for entire Kargil sector of J&K which has seen intrusion and war in past.
UJALA scheme: EESL distributes over 30 crore LED bulbs across the country
May 20, 2018
State run Energy Efficiency Services Ltd (EESL) has distributed over 30 crore light emitting diode
(LED) bulbs across country under zero-subsidy Unnat Jyoti by Affordable LEDs for All (UJALA)
scheme. The distribution of 30 crore LED bulbs has led to energy savings of over 38,952 million kWh,
annually, amounting to energy savings of Rs. 15,581 crore.

Key Facts
The implementation of scheme has increased penetration of LED in domestic market to 10% from
mere 0.4% earlier. It has also increased India’s share in global LED market to 12% from a mere 0.1%. It
has increased annual LED domestic production rom 30 lakh bulbs to over 6 crore bulbs,
simultaneously creating 60,000 jobs.
Unnat Jyoti by Affordable LEDs for All (UJALA) Scheme
It is zero-subsidy scheme that aims promote efficient lighting, enhance awareness on using efficient
equipment which reduce electricity bills and preserve environment. It is LED based Domestic
Efficient Lighting Programme (DELP). Its purpose is to help reduce electricity bills of consumers and
also contribute to energy security of India.
The scheme was launched in January 2015 and is currently largest LED distribution programme in
the world. It is being implemented by EESL, a joint venture of PSUs under Ministry of Power. Under
it, LED Bulbs are distributed. LED bulbs have a very long life, almost 50 times more than ordinary
bulbs, and 8-10 times that of CFLs, and therefore provide both energy and cost savings.
Benefits: Electricity savings, Reduction of load, Reduction of consumer bills and Greenhouse gas
emission reductions. It also serves Government’s mandate of energy efficiency as key mitigation
strategy.
Akademik Lomonosov: Russia unveils world’s first floating nuclear power plant
May 20, 2018
Russia unveiled world’s first floating nuclear power station at port city of Murmansk. It will be
loaded with nuclear fuel at Murmansk and will be towed to port of Pevek in autonomous Chukotka
region in Russia’s far northeast in Arctic Circle region.
Akademik Lomonosov
Akademik Lomonosov was constructed by Russian state nuclear power firm Rosatom. It has length of
144 metres and width of 30 metres. It has displacement of 21,500 tonnes and crew of 69 people. For
power generation, it has been fitted with two modified KLT-40 naval propulsion nuclear reactors (each
of 35 MW capacity) together providing up to 70 MW of electricity and 300 MW of heat. It is named
after Russian Academician Mikhail Lomonosov.
It has latest security systems and is considered as one of safest nuclear installations in the world.
However, environmentalists have dubbed it as ‘nuclear Titanic’ or ‘Chernobyl on ice’. It will be
primarily used to power oil rigs in remote areas of Artic region where Russia is pushing to drill for oil
and gas.
Significance
The low-capacity, mobile (floating) nuclear power plant can produce enough electricity to power
town of 200,000 residents living in Russia’s far-flung northernmost Artic region where large

amounts of electricity is not needed’ and construction of conventional power station based on coal,
gas and diesel is complicated and costly. It can save upto 50,000 tonnes of carbon dioxide emissions
per year.
The project is part of Russia’s greater aims to secure rich deposits of oil and gas in North Pole region
in Artic. Due to climate change, new shipping routes are opening up in Russia’s north and as result, it
is strengthening its military position in the region.
May 21, 2018
e-Visa Scheme: Government earns Rs.1,400 crore
May 21, 2018
According to Ministry of Home Affairs (MHA), Government has earned Rs1,400 crore as revenue
from highly successful e-Visa scheme since its launch in 2014. 19 lakh tourists made use of e-Visa
scheme in 2017 and fees are divided into four slabs of zero, $25, $50 and $75, which were fixed on
reciprocity and depending on nationality.
e-Visa scheme
e-Visa scheme provides pre-authorization of visa to foreigners prior to travel to India. The scheme is
implemented by foreigners division of Ministry of Home Affairs (MHA) to improve efficiency and
transparency of various services being provided to foreign nationals. The facility is now available for
nationals of 163 countries for entry into India through 25 international airports and five sea ports.
Under the scheme, an applicant, when submits online application, receives e-mail authorising him or
her to travel to India after approval. The tourist can travel with printout of this authorisation for 30
days. It also covers business and medical categories.
Queqiao satellite: China launches relay satellite to explore dark side of Moon
May 21, 2018
China launched relay satellite named Queqiao (Magpie Bridge) to establish communication link
between earth and its planned Chang’e-4 lunar probe (rover) that will explore the dark side of moon.
It was launched as part of Chinese Lunar Exploration Program (CLEP) onboard of Long March-4C
rocket from Xichang launch centre.
Queqiao (Magpie Bridge)
Queqiao (meaning bridge of magpies) satellite will serve as communications relay for future
Chang’e-4 rover that will explore in South Pole-Aitken Basin in moon’s far side. It will be situated in
halo orbit i.e. Earth-moon Lagrange point L2, a gravitationally stable spot located 64,000 kilometers
beyond lunar far side. It will be world’s first communication satellite operating in this location. It will
help China to realise its goal of being first country to send probe to soft-land on and rove far side of
the moon.
Need for relay Satellite
Moon is tidally locked to Earth, meaning it always shows same face (near side) to Earth. So, relay link
is necessary to communicate with spacecraft on far side, which will otherwise have to send their
signals through moon’s rocky bulk.
Chang’e program
Chinese Lunar Exploration Program (CLEP) also known as Chang’e program after Chinese moon
goddess Chang’e, is ongoing series of robotic Moon missions by conceived by China National Space
Administration (CNSA). The program incorporates lunar orbiters, landers, rovers and sample return
spacecraft, launched using Long March rockets. Under it, Chang’e 1 and Chang’e 2 probes already
have reached lunar orbit in 2007 and 2010, respectively. The Chang’e 3 mission is in process to put
lander and rover on moon’s near side. China is also planning to laugh Chang’e 5 T1, a mission to send
sample-return capsule around moon and back to Earth to demonstrate technology needed to survive
fiery atmospheric entry.
26th BASIC Ministerial Meeting of Environment Ministers held in Durban
May 21, 2018
The 26th BASIC Ministerial Meeting of Environment Ministers was held in Durban, South Africa. The
grouping is a bloc of four countries – Brazil, South Africa, India and China. It was attended by from
BASIC countries and Michal Kurtyka of Poland, next president of Conference of Parties (COP-24)
under United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). India was represented
by Union Environment Minister Harsh Vardhan.

Key Outcomes of Meeting

BASIC countries decided to preserve integrity of historic 2015 Paris Agreement, including principles
of common but differentiated responsibilities and equity. They held that world is at critical stage in
combating climate change and response of developed nations to tackle the issue is still not adequate.
They reiterated that developed nations should take lead in terms of mitigation and providing means
of implementation to developing countries. They should equally give importance to ambition of
developing countries by providing them supported and sustained, predictable and adequate finance,
technology and capacity-building support. Union Environment Minister Harsh Vardhan reiterated
his appeal for joint efforts to create societal movement in combating climate change through Green
Good Deeds.
BASIC
BASIC countries are bloc (geopolitical alliance) of four large newly industrialized countries – Brazil,
South Africa, India and China. It was formed by agreement in November 2009. They are committed
to act jointly at Copenhagen climate summit, including possible united walk-out if their common
minimum position was not met by the developed nations during climate talks. It is working to define
common position on emission reductions and climate aid money and try to convince other countries
to sign up to Copenhagen Accord.
CRPF raises Bastariya Battalion to combat Naxals activities in Bastar region of Chhattisgarh
May 21, 2018
The Central Reserve Police Force (CRPF) has commissioned special unit called Bastariya Battalion
(numbered 241) to combat Naxals activities in Bastar region of Chhattisgarh. This is for first time
CRFP has raised special battalion that includes local representation to enhance combat capabilities in
Naxal-hit area of Bastar district.
241 Bastariya Battalion
241 Bastariya Battalion comprises total 739 local tribal youths including 198 women combatants (33%
female candidates as per government policy) selected from four highly Naxal infested district in
Chhattisgarh, i.e Bijapur, Dantewada, Narayanpur and Sukma. It will be deployed in Special
Operation Zone (SOZ) of Chhattisgarh to fight against naxals.
To raise this battalion, CRPF had undertaken special recruitment drive to recruit 743 rural ST
candidates to give a fair chance to the aspirants. It also had imparted pre-educational and physical
training during the recruitment drive to ensure maximum participation and equal opportunities in
coordination with state administration.
Central Reserve Police Force (CRPF)
CRPF is the largest central armed police force or paramilitary force in India. It functions under the
aegis of Ministry of Home Affairs (MHA). It was established in 1939, under Crown Representative’s
Police but after independence, it was made statutory after enactment of the CRPF Act, 1949. Its
primary role is to assist States/Union Territories in police operations to maintain law and order and
contain the insurgency. Apart from anti-Naxal operations, CRPF personnel also carries out several
operations in situations of crisis like terrorist attacks, counter-terrorism operations, rescuing
citizens during terrorist attacks among others.
India is 6th wealthiest country in the world
May 21, 2018
According to AfrAsia Bank Global Wealth Migration Review, India is the sixth wealthiest country in
the world with total wealth of $8,230 billion. US is richest nation globally with total wealth of $62,584
billion. Total wealth refers to private wealth held by all individuals living in each country. It includes
all their assets (cash, equities, property, business interests) less any liabilities. It excludes
government funds.
Key Facts
Top 10 wealthiest countries: US ($62,584 billion), China ($24,803 billion), Japan ($19,522 billion), UK
($9,919 billion), Germany

($9,660 billion), India ($8,230 billion), Australia ($6,142 billion), Canada ($6,393 billion), France ($6,649
billion) and Italy ($4,276 billion).
Global Wealth: Globally, total private wealth held worldwide amounts to around $215 trillion and
there are around 15.2 million High Net Worth Individuals (HNWIs) in world, each with net assets of
$1 million or more. There are about 584,000 multi-millionaires in world, each with net assets of $10
million or more and 2,252 billionaires in world, each with net assets of $1 billion or more.
India: Factors that will help India in wealth creation include, good educational system, large number
of entrepreneurs, robust outlook for Information Technology (IT), business process outsourcing, real
estate, healthcare and media sectors which will result in 200% rise 10 year wealth growth forecast.
Over the next 10 years, India will overtake Germany and the UK to become the 4th largest wealth
market worldwide by 2027.
China: In the coming decade, it will witness significant rise in total wealth to $69,449 billion by 2027,
while wealth of US would be around $75,101 billion.
Explained: Nipah Virus (NiV) Infection
May 21, 2018
Kerala was on high alert as rare and deadly Nipah Virus (NiV) infection which was detected for the
first time in the state. Its traces were found in blood and body fluid samples of two persons who died
of viral fever in Kerala’s coastal Kozhikode region. It was confirmed by laboratory results from
National Institute of Virology, Pune.
Nipah Virus (NiV) Infection
Nipah virus (NiV) infection is zoonotic disease that causes severe disease in both animals and
humans. Fruit bats of the Pteropodidae Family, Pteropus genus are natural host of the virus. It was
first identified during outbreak of disease that took place in Kampung Sungai Nipah, Malaysia in
1998.
Transmission: The virus spread fast and is mostly fatal. Infected bats shed virus in their excretion
and secretion. The virus cannot be transmitted through air. But it is transmitted through direct
contact with infected bats, pigs. Human to Human transmission from other NiV-infected people is
also reported
Symptoms: NiV infection can cause acute respiratory syndrome, breathing trouble, inflammation of
the brain, fever, headache, drowsiness, disorientation and delirium. Patient can slip into coma within
48 hours. The mortality rate of patients infected with it is reportedly 70%. It is capable of causing
diseases in domestic animals too. The
Treatment: There is no vaccine for disease either for humans or animals. The main treatment for
those infected is intensive supportive care and supportive medicines. In disease prone areas, fruits
strewn on the ground should not be eaten, for safety.

May 22, 2018

Pakistan named among top 3 sources for money laundering in UK
May 22, 2018
United Kingdom’s National Crime Agency (NCA) in its report has listed Pakistan among top three
sources for money laundering in the country. The other two countries are Nigeria and Russia. The
NCA is non-ministerial UK government law enforcement agency.
Key Highlights of NCA report
UK is prime destination for foreign corrupt and politically exposed people (PEPs) to launder money. It
has identified trade misinvoicing as one of the key mechanisms used for such operations. Investment
in UK property, particularly in London, continues to be attractive mechanism to launder funds.
The true scale of PEPs’ investment in UK is not known, however source countries that are most
commonly seen are Russia, Nigeria and Pakistan. Small number of UK-based professional enablers,
such as accountants, solicitors, estate agents and trust and company service providers, assist such
corrupt individuals in laundering their money.
The overseas jurisdictions that have most enduring impact on UK across majority of different money
laundering threats are Russia, China, Hong Kong, Pakistan, and United Arab Emirates (UAE). Some of
these jurisdictions have large financial sectors which also make them attractive as destinations or
transit points for proceeds of crime.
There may be also increase in Brexit-related spike in corrupt activities between UK and countries
outside European Union (EU). Due to this, UK businesses will come into contact with corrupt
markets, particularly in developing world, raising risk they will be drawn into corrupt practices.
Trade misinvoicing
It is a form of trade-based money laundering. It is deliberately misreporting value of commercial
transaction on invoice submitted to customs officials. This practice is adopted by traders to transfer
money illicitly to foreign countries or in other words to keep their money in foreign accounts. It is
largest component of illicit financial outflows measured by Global Financial Integrity.
Black Panther: Chhattisgarh to get specialised anti-Naxal combat force
May 22, 2018
Chhattisgarh will get specialised anti-Naxal combat force called Black Panther on the lines of the
Greyhounds unit of Telangana and Andhra Pradesh. It was announced by Union Home Minister
Rajnath Singh after chairing meeting on Left-Wing Extremism (LWE). Currently, training is being
imparted for personnel who will be part of Black Panther elite force.
Greyhounds
Greyhounds is elite commando force force that specialises in anti-insurgency operations against
Naxals and Maoists and also expert in jungle warfare with operational jurisdiction in Telangana and
Andhra Pradesh. It was raised in 1989 by IPS officer KS Vyas to combat left wing extremists in then
undivided Andhra Pradesh. It is described as best anti-insurgency force that specialises in anti-

Maoist operations and as experts in jungle warfare, even above CRPF’s CoBRA force which has more
men, budget and better arms than Greyhounds.
Gandiv Vijay: Chetak Corps of South Western Command conduct military exercise in Rajasthan
May 22, 2018
Chetak corps of South Western Command of Indian Army conducted military exercise Gandiv Vijay
in Mahajan field firing ranges of Rajasthan. The exercise was conducted two months to validate their
operational plans of Chetak corps and concluded on May 23, 2018.
Gandiv Vijay miliarty exercise
The Gandiv Vijay miliarty exercise was based on central role of carrying out offensive operations
through joint air-land battle in network-centric environment employing modern intelligence,
surveillance and reconnaissance concepts and equipment. It involved multi-mode mobilisation of
thousands of troops from dispersed locations along with array of war fighting equipment in terrain
orchestrated on lines of operational responsibility of formation in hot adverse weather conditions of
deserts of Rajasthan. The participating formations carried out synergistic employment of long-range
vectors along with infantry and mechanised forces and air arm to achieve decisive victory.
BrahMos supersonic cruise missile successfully test-fired to increase life from 10 to 15 years
May 22, 2018
BrahMos supersonic cruise missile was successfully test-fired from mobile launcher from Integrated
Test Range (ITR) at Balasore (Chandipur), Odisha to validate some new features aimed at increasing
its life from 10 to 15 years. The successful test will help in huge savings of replacement cost of
BrahMos missiles held in inventory of Indian armed forces. It makes it first Indian missile whose life
has been extended from 10 to 15 years.
BrahMos Missile
BrahMos is supersonic cruise missile developed by joint-venture between Russia’s Mashinostroyenia
and India’s Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO). It has been named after two
rivers Brahmaputra and Moskva (river in western Russia).
It is two-stage missile, the first one being solid and the second one ramjet liquid propellant. It is self-
propelled guided missile that sustains flight through aerodynamic lift. It operates on ‘fire and forget
principal’. It is capable of being launched from land, sea, sub-sea and air against sea and land targets.
It is claimed that missile has strike accuracy rate of 99.99% and it follows a variety of trajectories like
high, high-low, low, surface-skim etc. It is capable of carrying warhead of 300 kilogram (both
conventional as well as nuclear) and has top supersonic speed of Mach 2.8 to 3 (roughly three times
speed of sound). It is hailed as world’s fastest anti-ship cruise missile in operation.
Its range was initially capped at 290 km as per obligations of Missile Technology Control Regime
(MTCR). Since India’s entry into the elite club, its range was extended to 450 km and plan is to
increase it to 600km. It has been already inducted in Indian Army and Navy. The air-launched
version of missile was test-fired in November, 2017 for first time from modified Su-30MKI aircraft,
making it world’s fastest supersonic cruise missile to be fired from a combat jet against a target.

MCX launches India’s first copper options contracts

May 22, 2018
India’s largest commodities exchange platform, Multi Commodity Exchange of India Limited (MCX)
launched country’s first copper options contracts. The option contract will provide physical market
participants additional instrument to hedge their price risk. The copper option contracts were
launched with lot size of 1 tonne in three contracts expiring in June, August and November 2018.
Background
Copper is third-most-consumed industrial metal in the world, after iron and aluminium. In last few
years, world’s refined copper usage has surged, owing to growing demand in sectors like electrical
and electronic products, industrial machinery and equipment, building construction, transportation
equipment and consumer and general products. Copper ore production in India stood at 3,846
thousand tonnes in 2016-17 and its consumption demand for refined copper was 820 thousand
tonnes in the FY16.
Options
Options are an instrument that gives buyer right to buy or sell an underlined at present price on a future date. They are
of two types: puts (right to sell) and calls (right to buy). According to market experts, options are also a much better
hedging instrument as compared to futures for hedgers.

Significance of copper options contracts

It will provide optimal tool for stakeholders to hedge and mitigate price risk in copper. It gives
copper industry greater flexibility with alternative opportunities to take on price risk. It will help
corporates to do better budgeting exercise as premiums will be known. This will help us to procure
material at prices that have been envisaged specially in situations like tender or open orders. It will
also complement current futures contracts on MCX and bring greater vibrancy to metals market
and give stakeholders opportunity to better manage their price risk.
Multi Commodity Exchange (MCX)
MCX is country’s first listed commodity futures exchange that facilitates online trading, and clearing
and settlement of commodity futures transactions, thereby providing platform for risk management.
It was launched in November 2003 and operates within regulatory framework of Forward Contracts
Regulation Act, 1952 (FCRA, 1952) under SEBI. MCX offers futures trading in bullion, ferrous and non-
ferrous metals, energy, and a number of agricultural commodities (mentha oil, cardamom, potatoes,
palm oil and others). Globally, MCX ranks no. 1 in silver, no. 2 in natural gas, no. 3 in crude oil and
gold in futures trading.
Navika Sagar Parikrama: Indian Navy’s all-women crew completes circumnavigating globe
expedition
May 22, 2018
Indian Navy’s six-member all-women Navy crew onboard of INSV Tarini vessel reached Panaji, Goa
after circumnavigating around globe in 254 days under Navika Sagar Parikrama expedition. It was
first-ever all women Asian and Indian circumnavigation expedition of globe . The expedition had
started on September 10, 2017 in Goa was aimed at promoting women empowerment aligned with
Government of India’s thrust for ‘Nari Shakti’.
Key Facts
Under this expedition, the crew covered 21,600 nautical miles in Indian-built sailing vessel INSV
Tarini that visited five countries and crossed Equator twice. It sailed across four continents and
three oceans and passed south of the Great Capes – Leeuwin, Horn and Good Hope. The expedition
was completed in six legs, with five stopovers at Fremantle (Australia), Lyttleton (New Zealand), Port
Stanley (Falkland Islands), Cape Town (South Africa) and Port Louis (Mauritius). The vessel was
skippered by Lieutenant Commander Vartika Joshi, and other crew comprised of Lieutenant
Commanders Pratibha Jamwal, P Swathi, and Lieutenants S Vijaya Devi, B Aishwarya and Payal
Gupta.
Note: The expedition was originally scheduled to return in April 2018 after stopovers at four ports, but it
was delayed after steering gear was damaged and was forced to take fifth, unscheduled stop at Port Louis
for repair.
Navika Sagar Parikrama
The voyage was undertaken in consonance with National policy to empower women to attain their
full potential. It also aimed to showcase India’s Nari Shakti on world platform and help revolutionize
societal attitudes and mindset towards women by raising visibility of their participation in
challenging environments.
The voyage was also aimed to show case ‘Make in India’ initiative by sailing onboard indigenously
built INSV Tarini. It also encouraged use of environment friendly non-conventional renewable
energy resources as ship harnesses wind, a renewable energy. It also collated and updated
meteorological, ocean and wave data on regular basis for accurate weather forecast by India
Meteorological Department (IMD) and also collected data for monitoring marine pollution on high
seas.
INSV Tarini
INSV Tarini is 55 foot sailing vessel built indigenously in India by M/s Aquarius Shipyard Pvt Ltd,
Goa. It was inducted into Indian Navy in February 2017. It carried suite of six sails, including main
sail, head sails (Genoa and stay sails), downwind sails and storm sail.
The boat was named after famous ‘Tara-Tarini’ temple in Ganjam district of Odisha. The word
‘Tarini’ means boat and in Sanskrit it means saviour. Tara-Tarini is patron deity for sailors and
merchants and is worshipped for safety and success at sea.

INSV Tarini had advance Raymarine navigation suite and array of satellite communication systems
for perfect navigation anywhere in world. It is sister vessel of INSV Mhadei which was used by
Captain (Retd) Dilip Donde to successfully undertake India’s first solo circumnavigation (from
August 19, 2009 to May 19, 2010). It was also later used by used by Lt Commander Abhilash Tomy for
his own single-handed, unassisted, non-stop circumnavigation (from November 1, 2012 to March 31,
2013).
Strategic Petroleum Reserve: India receives first crude oil cargo from UAE for Mangalore reserve
May 22, 2018
India received first consignment of 2 million barrels of crude oil from United Arab Emirates (UAE) for
its strategic petroleum reserve (SPR) at Mangaluru (on west coast), Karnataka. This first
consignment from UAE fill one of two strategic reserve caverns at Mangaluru under agreement
between Indian Strategic Petroleum Reserves Ltd (ISPRL) and Abu Dhabi National Oil Company
(ADNOC).
Background
Central Government under phase I of SPR programme had announced to build three underground
crude oil storage facilities with total capacity of 5.33 million tonnes at Vishakhapatnam (Andhra
Pradesh, storage capacity of 1.33 million tonnes), Mangalore (Karnataka, 1.5 million tonnes) and Padur
(Kerala, 2.5 million tonnes) to provide energy security of 10 days of consumption in response to
external supply disruptions. They are maintained by ISPRL, a special purpose vehicle (SPV), which is
wholly owned subsidiary of Oil Industry Development Board (OIDB) under Ministry of Petroleum &
Natural Gas.
Note: In 2017-18 budget, Government as part of phase 2 of SPR programme had announced to set up two more such
SPR at Chandikhole (Odisha) and Bikaner (Rajasthan). This will take the strategic reserve capacity to 15.33 million tons.
During official visit of Prime Minister Narendra Modi to UAE in February 2018, ISPRL and ADNOC
had signed agreement under which ADNOC will store about 5.86 million barrels of crude oil in India’s
SPR facility at Mangalore at its own cost. The agreement made ADNOC first private foreign entity to
store crude oil in Indian SPR facility. The agreement stipulates that during emergency oil shortage
situation Indian government will use entire available crude oil stored by ADNOC in Mangalore SPR
facility for its use. It also allows ADNOC to sell part of crude oil stored at its own cost to Indian
refineries during normal times.
India-UAE Hydrocarbon relations
India is 82% dependent on imports to meet its crude oil needs. UAE is 6th largest crude oil source for
India and supplies around 6% of petroleum requirement. India and UAE recently elevated their

bilateral relationship to comprehensive strategic partnership especially in energy sector,

transforming from buyer-seller relations to two-way investment relations. The relationship was
further strengthen with recent acquisition of 10% stake in UAE’s Lower Zakhum offshore producing
field by Indian public sector oil and gas companies and investment by ADNOC in Indian SPR facility.
UDAN scheme: First commercial flight of Arunachal Pradesh lands at Pasighat
May 22, 2018
The first commercial flight (42-seater ATR aircraft of the Alliance Airlines) of Arunachal Pradesh
under UDAN scheme landed at Pasighat airport or Advance Landing Ground (ALG) in East Siang
district. This historic moment puts border state on the aviation map of the country.
Key Facts
Alliance Air, a subsidiary of Air India, will operate flight services on Kolkata-Guwahati-Pasighat route
thrice a week – on Tuesday, Thursday and Saturday. Pasighat airport is on advance landing ground
or ALG, meant to support operations of small aircraft and some military planes. This commercial
flight connectivity opens up new vistas of economic development in the region and also provide
ample opportunities for tourism industry of the state as it removes connectivity bottleneck faced by
bordering state earlier.
Background
Arunachal Pradesh has some 120 helipads and 10 advanced landing grounds, built for defence as well
as civil operations. Under UDAN scheme, eight locations in border state have been selected by
bidders. Out of which Pasighat and Tezu have been selected for fixed wing. Ziro, Daporijo, Itanagar,
Tuting, Wallong and Yingkiong have been selected for helicopter services.
UDAN (Ude Desh ka Aam naagrik) Scheme
UDAN RCS (Regional Connectivity Scheme) was launched in October 2016 to develop the regional
aviation market. It is vital component of the National Civil Aviation Policy (NCAP), 2016. It aims to
make flying affordable by providing connectivity to un-served and under-served airports of country
through revival of existing airstrips and airports so that persons in regional towns are able to take
affordable flights.
It is applicable on flights covering distance between 200 km and 800 km with no lower limit set for
hilly, remote, island and security sensitive regions. It seeks to reserve a minimum number of UDAN
seats i.e. seats at subsidized rates and also cap fare for short distance flights. It has unique market-
based model to develop regional connectivity. It has Viability Gap Funding (VDF) mechanism to meet
the VGF requirements under the scheme. Airports Authority of India (AAI) is implementing agency of
the scheme.
22 May: International Bio-diversity Day
May 22, 2018
The International Bio-diversity Day is observed every year on 22 May to increase understanding and
awareness of biodiversity issues. The theme this year is ‘Celebrating 25 Years of Action for Biodiversity’.
It marks 25th anniversary of entry into force of Convention on Biological Diversity (at United Nations
Environment Progamme Headquarters, Nairobi on 22 May 1992) and to highlight progress made in
achievement of its objectives at national and global levels. The day was proclaimed by United Nations
General Assembly in 2000 via resolution 55/201
Celebrations
On the occasion, National Mission for Clean Ganga and World Wildlife Federation (WWF)-India
jointly organised workshop Ganga and its Bio-diversity: Developing a Road Map for Habitat and Species
Conservation in New Delhi. The workshop was aimed at forming integrated approach for
conservation of Ganga’s ecology, environment and bio-diversity by restoring Ganga’s ecological
integrity.
Biodiversity
The term Biological Diversity (or Biodiversity) was first coined by wildlife scientist and
conservationist Raymond F. Dasmann in 1968. This term became widespread in use during 1980s.
Biodiversity refers to totality of genes, species and ecosystems of a region. There are three levels of
biodiversity viz. species diversity, ecosystem diversity and genetic diversity. The term biodiveristy is
used to address several problems in conservation of environment including loss of species,
destruction of habitats, invasive species, genetic pollution, over exploitation and effects of climate

change on biodiversity.
Biodiversity is unequally distributed on Earth and it varies across regions on the basis of climatic and
geographical factors. On earth, highest biodiversity is found in tropics. In comparison to Oceans,
terrestrial biodiversity is much greater. The terrestrial biodiversity is greater at equator in
comparison to poles. Around 90% of world’s biodiversity is found in tropical rainforests which
occupy less than 10% of Earth’s surface. The marine biodiversity is highest along coasts in Western
Pacific which is known for highest sea temperature.
Convention on Biological Diversity
CBD (commonly known as Biodiversity Convention) is legally binding document, which came
asoutcome of Earth Summit in Rio de Janeiro in June 1992 and entered into force in December 1993.
Its objectives are conservation of biodiversity, sustainable use of its components and fair and
equitable sharing of benefits arising from genetic resources. The idea is to develop national
strategies for conservation and sustainable use of biological diversity. 198 countries/territories
including India are parties to CBD. United States has signed but not ratified convention.
May 23, 2018
Nidaan: Rajasthan Government launches software for disease monitoring
May 23, 2018
Rajasthan Government has launched new software called Nidaan for disease monitoring and
strengthening tele-medicine services in the government hospitals. The software will help for
providing presumptive diagnosis and monitoring of seasonal and non-communicable diseases as well
as trends of ailments found in specific areas.
Nidaan Software
Nidaan Softwarre will facilitate online entries for monitoring of as many as 46 diseases and
healthcare services available for their treatment in different institutions. It is also expected to help in
formulation of specific action plans for control of diseases. It will help in effective policy formulation
in health sector as there will be simultaneous monitoring of programmes run under National Health
Mission. It will ensure timely prevention of diseases by ensuring monitoring of activities of District
Early Intervention Centres and also ensure availability of quality healthcare services.
GRACE-FO satellites: SpaceX launches NASA satellites to track Earth’s water Cycle
May 23, 2018
Elon Musk-led SpaceX has successfully launched twin NASA satellites GRACE-FO (Follow-On) that
will track Earth’s water Cycle i.e. water movement and icemelt. It was launched onbaord of SpaceX’s
preflown Falcon 9 Rocket from Vandenberg Air Force Base in California, US.
GRACE-FO (Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment Follow-On)
GRACE-FO is joint project between National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and
German Research Center for Geosciences (GFZ). It is follow-on mission to original GRACE mission,
which had mapped Earth’s water and ice by measuring changes in Earth’s gravity field from 2002 to
2017.
GRACE-FO will pick up where GRACE left off to continue study of rising sea levels, melting of
glaciers and polar ice caps and other changes in distribution of water on Earth. The two GRACE-FO
satellites will orbit together at 490km altitude near-polar orbit, circling Earth every 90 minutes.
To measure Earth’s gravity, two satellites will orbit around Earth together, with one trailing behind
other at distance of 220km. The instruments on board of these satellites are so sensitive that they
can detect changes with precision of about 1 micrometer (i.e. about one-tenth of a human hair over
long distance).
These satellites have payload called Laser Ranging Interferometer. It can precisely measure gravity
field changes due to change in separation distance between two satellites, revealing information
about what kinds of features they are flying over. Earth is not perfect sphere) different features, like
mountains and oceans, across its surface, so gravitational pull exerted on these satellites is not
consistent. When gravity field changes, separation between two satellites changes slightly.
Oumuamua: Alien asteroid discovered in Solar system
May 23, 2018
Scientists have discovered an asteroid named Oumuamua (or (514107) 2015 BZ509) nestling in
Jupiter’s orbit that had migrated from another star system. It makes it first known permanent

immigrant to our solar system. It confirms suspicions of scientists’ that asteroids from other stars
have arrived in our solar system. The asteroid Oumuamua was actually first discovered in 2014, but
after four years of tracking it, scientists were able to determine that it had arrived in our solar
system some 4.5 billion years ago – just as Earth was beginning to form.
Key Facts
All planets in our solar system travel around Sun. But this asteroid moves in opposite direction,
referred to as retrograde orbit and is in same path as Jupiter. This shows that it is from different
solar system. If it was native of our solar system, it might have same original direction as all of other
planets and asteroids, inherited from cloud of gas and dust that formed them.
Asteroid immigration from other star systems occurs because Sun initially formed in tightly-packed
star cluster, where every star had its own system of planets and asteroids. The close proximity of
stars, aided by gravitational forces of planets, help these systems attract, remove and capture
asteroids from one another solar system.
Ministry of Civil Aviation notifies Draft Passenger Charter
May 23, 2018
The Union Ministry of Civil Aviation has notified Draft Passenger Charter defining rights for air
passengers. It aims to improve hassle-free air travel experience of air passengers in the country.
Salient Features of draft
Passenger can cancel air ticket within 24 hours of booking it and if provided travel is to take place
after 96 hours, then passenger will be able to cancel ticket without any charge. The cancellation
charges will be not more than sum of basic fare and fuel surcharge.
Passenger must be informed about flight cancellation between two weeks and 24 hours before flight.
The airline must either offer alternative flight that departs within two hours of scheduled departure
of flight booked originally or refund ticket cost.
If airline doesn’t inform passengers about cancelled flight up to 24 hours ahead, it will have to refund
the full ticket value, with compensation. Similarly, for delays communicated more than 24 hours
before scheduled departure, airline must offer option of full refund of ticket cost if the delay is for
more than four hours.
If delay results in flight departing next day, then airline will have to offer free hotel stay. These
norms will be applicable only if delay is due to fault of airline, and not caused by bad weather. If a
delay results in a passenger missing a connecting flight, then airline will have to pay Rs.5,000 to
Rs.20,000.
In case of lost baggage, the minimum compensation proposed is Rs.3,000 per kg. If baggage is
delayed or damaged, airline is liable to pay Rs. 1,000 per kg. If passenger doesn’t receive due
compensation, grievances can be filed on Ministry of Civil Aviation’s AirSewa app or at Directorate
General of Civil Aviation (DGCA) portal.
Both domestic and international airlines operating in India are now allowed to offer internet and
mobile services on-board its aircraft to passengers in Indian airspace. However, airlines, will require
licence from aviation authorities for providing these services.
Worsening air quality major cause of premature deaths in India: Study
May 23, 2018
According recent research, worsening air quality in last two decades has emerged as one of major
reasons for high numbers of premature deaths in India. The research was conducted by Indian
Institute of Technology (IIT)-Delhi in collaboration with environmental NGO Centre for Environment
and Energy Development (CEED).
Background
The study was conducted 11 north Indian cities i.e. seven in Uttar Pradesh (Allahabad, Kanpur,
Lucknow, Meerut, Varanasi and Gorakhpur), three in Bihar (Patna, Muzaffarpur and Gaya) and one in
Jharkhand (Ranchi). It calculated annual mortality burden through averages of recorded deaths
caused due to Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD), Acute Lower Respiratory Infection
(ALRI), coronary disease, stroke, and lung cancer in these 11 cities. It also used satellite-based high-
resolution PM2.5 database to generate particulate matter statistics for past 17 years.
Key Findings of Research
The annual mortality linked to air pollution was in range of 150-300 persons per 1 lakh population.

Kanpur recorded highest number of premature deaths per year (4,173) due to chronic exposure to air
pollution, followed by Lucknow (4,127), Agra (2,421), Meerut (2,044), Varanasi (1,581), Allahabad (1,443)
and Gorakhpur (914).
COPD was largest cause of deaths (at 29.7%) and lung cancer the lowest (0.6%). The largest share in
total burden was attributed to ALRI in Agra and Meerut and to COPD in Allahabad, Gaya, Gorakhpur,
Kanpur, Lucknow, Patna, Muzaffarpur and Varanasi.
The estimates were not instant deaths, but represented premature (earlier than expected lifetime of
Indian population) deaths due to chronic exposure from pollution. This premature mortality burden
will be reduced by 14 to 28% annually if these cities achieve of Indian air quality standards.
The mean annual ambient fine particulate matter (PM) concentration was 75-120% higher than
Indian annual air quality standard in 10 of 11 cities. The residential (cooking, heating and lighting)
sources are largest contributors to annual ambient PM2.5 concentration (73.8%). Moreover, analysis
of aerosol composition indicates higher percentage of sulphates, organic carbons and black carbon
emitted primarily from anthropogenic sources.
Government releases draft Model Agricultural Produce and Livestock Contract Farming Act, 2018
May 23, 2018
The Union Ministry of Agriculture and Famers Welfare has unveiled Model Agriculture Produce and
Livestock Contract Farming and Services (Promotion & Facilitation) Act, 2018 to ensure better price
to farmers. It is aimed at reducing farmers’ risks by creating assured market for their produce at pre-
agreed price, while encouraging investment from agribusiness and food processing industries by
enhancing productivity and cost efficiency.
Contract farming
Under contract farming, agricultural production (including livestock and poultry) can be carried out
based on pre-harvest agreement (contract) between buyers (such as food processing units and
exporters), and producers (farmers or farmer organisations). The producer can sell agricultural
produce at specific price in future to buyer as per agreement. Under contract farming, producer can
reduce risk of fluctuating market price and demand. The buyer can reduce risk of non-availability of
quality produce.
Salient features
The draft Model Act seeks to create regulatory and policy framework for contract farming and
servives. Based on this draft Act, states legislatures can enact law on contract farming as agriculture
falls under state list of Constitution. It is promotional and facilitative Act and not regulatory in its
structure. It not only covers contract farming in agriculture crops but also in livestock, dairy and poultry
products.
The Model Act lays special emphasis on protecting interests of farmers, considering them as weaker
of two parties entering into a contract. It also takes into consideration services contracts all along
the value chain including pre-production, production and post-production in addition to contract
farming.
It has provision for Registering and Agreement Recording Committee (Officer) for purpose at
district, block, taluka level for online registration of sponsor and recording of agreement. It makes
mandatory for covering contracted produce under crop and livestock insurance in operation.
It keeps contract framing outside ambit of Agricultural Produce Marketing Committee Act. Under it,
no permanent structure can be developed on farmers’ land or premises. It does not vest right, title of
interest of the land on sponsor.
It provides for promotion of Farmer Producer Organization (FPOs) or Farmer Producer Companies
(FPCs) to mobilize small and marginal farmers. Under it, FPO/FPC can be contracting party if so
authorized by farmers. No rights, title ownership or possession can be transferred or alienated or
vested in contract farming sponsor etc.
It assures market safety to contract farming producer by ensuring buying of entire pre-agreed
quantity of one or more of agricultural produce, livestock or its product of as per contract. It
establishes Contract Farming Facilitation Group (CFFG) for promoting contract farming and services
at village or panchayat at level. It provides accessible and simple dispute settlement mechanism at
the lowest level possible for quick disposal of disputes.

Election Commission to launch App to help voters to share malpractice proof

May 23, 2018
Election Commission of India (ECI) is launching multi-lingual mobile application called Model Code of
Conduct Violation Reporting App ahead of the 2019 Lok Sabha polls. The app aims at empowering
people across the country to share evidence of malpractice by political parties, their candidates and
activists directly with ECI.
Key Facts
Through this mobile app, ECI intends to encourage larger public participation in checking corrupt
practices in elections and ensure free and fair election process. The app will be launched across the
country as part of steps taken by ECI to prevent abuse of money and muscle power.
The app allows sharing of photos and short audio and video clips related to electoral malpractices
from spot itself. It also records geo-location of reported incidents and the officials concerned will
immediately receive the alerts. This will ensure an effective response.
The app was made available for first time in Bengaluru (capital of Karnataka) in run-up to recently
concluded state assembly elections. It had registered total of 780 downloads and complaints were
received from users. Accordingly, officials concerned in all the cases had taken actions.
Election Commission of India (ECI)
ECI is permanent and independent constitutional body established directly by Constitution of India
to ensure fair and fair elections in the country. It is multi-member body and currently has three
members including Chief Election Commissioner (CEC) appointed by President of India.
Habitat loss may have triggered Nipah outbreak: WHO report
May 23, 2018
According to report by World Health Organisation (WHO), human-triggered factors like habitat loss
due to deforestation and climate change set off infectious outbreaks such as recent Nipah cases in
Kerala. Due to habitat destruction by human activity, flying fox (fruit bat), a natural host of Nipah
virus get stressed and hungry, which weakens its immune system, increasing virus load. It results in
lot of virus spilling from urine and saliva of bats.
Findings of Study
There is strong evidence that emergence of bat-related viral infections can be attributed to loss of
animal’s natural habitats. Reproductive and nutritional stress are potential role players in Nipah and
Hendra (Nipah equivalent in Australia) viruses spillover. Nutritional stress is mainly due to loss of
food resources which is direct consequence of habitat loss and climate change brings bats closer to
urban areas.
Forest fragmentation and hunting bats for food also bring them closer to humans and is often an
important cause of disease transmission. It can be seen from rapid urbanisation of bat-rich
rainforests contributed to the emergence of Nipah virus in Malaysia.
Nipah virus
Nipah virus (NiV) infection is zoonotic disease (disease transmitted to humans from animals) that
causes severe disease in both animals and humans. The organism which causes Nipah Virus
encephalitis is RNA or Ribonucleic acid virus of family Paramyxoviridae, genus Henipavirus, and is
closely related to Hendra virus.
Fruit bats or flying foxes of Pteropodidae Family, Pteropus genus are natural host of Nipah virus. The
virus is present in bat urine and potentially, bat faeces, saliva, and birthing fluids. It was first
identified in 1999 during outbreak among pig farmers in Malaysia and Singapore. It gets its name
from Sungai Nipah, a Malaysian village, where pig farmers became ill with encephalitis.
DAC approves measures to simplify Defence Procurement Procedure
May 23, 2018
The Defence Acquisition Council (DAC) chaired by Union Defence Minister Nirmala Sitharaman has
approved various measures to simplify Defence Procurement Procedure (DPP). DAC is Defence
Ministry’s highest decision-making body on capital procurement of Indian Armed Forces (Army,
Navy and Air Force).
Key Facts
These measures will be incorporated in DPP-16, the manual governing defence procurement
procedure. The changes include devolution of powers within Ministry of Defence and Service

Headquarters, deletion of repetitive processes, concurrent running of acquisition process instead of

sequential stage clearance, aligning of various documents with revised financial guidelines, amongst
others.
Comment
These amendments form part of ongoing Business Process Re-engineering in Defence Capital
procurements of armed forces. It is in line with continuation of Defence Ministry’s efforts to
streamline DPPs and reduce timelines so as to ensure timely delivery of equipment to Armed Forces.
These measures will also obviate undue procedural delays and hasten activities besides shrinking
procurement timelines.
Background
The Union Government so far has cleared proposals worth Rs 4 lakh crore of military procurement
involving close to 135 proposals as part of its efforts to modernise armed forces. But most of these
proposals are yet to be implemented due to procedural delays hampering speed of modernisation of
armed forces.
India ranks 145th among 195 countries in healthcare access, quality: Lancet Study
May 23, 2018
India ranked 145th among 195 countries in terms of Healthcare access and quality (HAQ) index in the
year 2016, behind its neighbours like China, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka and Bhutan. The index was
released as part of Global Burden of Disease study released by Lancet, one of the world’s oldest and
best known peer-reviewed general medical journal.
Healthcare access and quality (HAQ) Index
The study used index to measure quality and accessibility of healthcare, based on 32 causes of death
which should be preventable with effective medical care. Each of 195 countries and territories
assessed were given score between 0 (lowest)-100 (highest). For the first time, it also analysed
healthcare access and quality between regions within seven countries: Brazil, China, India, England,
Japan, Mexico, and US.
Key Facts
Top five countries with highest levels of healthcare access and quality in 2016 are Iceland (rank-1st,
score-97.1 points), Norway (2nd, 96.6), Netherlands (3rd, 96.1), Luxembourg (4th, 96.0), and Finland
and Australia (5th, each with 95.9).
The global average healthcare access and quality score in 2016 was 54.4, increasing from 42.4 points
in 2000. The countries with lowest scores are Central African Republic (18.6), Somalia (19.0), Guinea-
Bissau (23.4), Chad (25.4), and Afghanistan (25.9).
India’s Neighbours: India lags behind China (48th), Sri Lanka (71st), Bangladesh (133rd) and Bhutan
(134th) in terms of levels of healthcare access and quality. But it is better than Nepal (149th), Pakistan
(154th) and Afghanistan (191st).
India related Facts
India has seen improvements in healthcare access and quality since 1990. In 2016, India’s healthcare
access and quality scored at 41.2 (up from 24.7 in 1990). India performed poorly in tackling cases of
rheumatic heart diseases, Ischaemic heart diseases, stroke, tuberculosis, testicular cancer, colon
cancer and chronic kidney disease among others. Though, India’s improvements on HAQ index has
hastened from 2000 to 2016, but gap between country’s highest and lowest scores widened (23·4-
point difference in 1990, and 30·8-point difference in 2016). Goa and Kerala have highest HAQ index
scores in 2016, each exceeding 60 points, whereas Assam and Uttar Pradesh have lowest, each below
40.
May 24, 2018
India-Netherlands-Sweden to collaborate for research programme on HIV/AIDS
May 24, 2018
Governments of India, Netherlands and Sweden launched first-of-its-kind collaborative research
programme on HIV/AIDS. It is aimed at harnessing complementary research strengths and diverse
expertise across three nations to catalyze development of better tools to understand and address
burgeoning global epidemic of HIV.
Key Facts
The collaborative research programme will focus on accessing relevant populations of research

interest, and leveraging next-generation technologies and advanced predictive analytics to better
understand geographic diversity and different clades of HIV/AIDS virus. It will also focus on
divergent human immune responses based on genetic, immunological and behavioural determinants.
This information will be key in developing new and improved tools for treatment, prevention and
possible cure for HIV in near future.
NITI Aayog ink SoI with ABB India to provide AI, big data and connectivity solutions
May 24, 2018
NITI Aayog and ABB India have signed Statement of Intent (SoI) to help India leverage power of
advanced technologies, including robotics and artificial intelligence. Under it, two parties will work
towards making key sectors of Indian economy ready for digitalised future and realise potential of AI,
big data and connectivity.
Key Facts
NITI Aayog will work with ABB across various sectors of economy, such as power and water utilities,
industries like food, heavy industries and transport (rail and metro), electric mobility and
infrastructure to suggest solutions for digitalization, incorporating Internet of Things (IoT) and AI
technologies.
Through this SoI, NITI Aayog will facilitate participation of policymakers and government
functionaries in workshops and training programs organized by ABB India. Such programs will aim
to sensitize policymakers and officials about relevant AI capabilities, and explore ways they can be
used for revolutionizing manufacturing productivity.
NITI Aayog and ABB will jointly work with government ministries, solicit feedback for areas critical
to them and discuss solutions using industrial automation, and digitalization technologies. Based on
the interactions with ABB India, NITI Aayog will also make recommendations to government
ministries for guidelines and policies regarding development and adoption of AI technology in such
sectors.
ABB
It is Zurich-based technology company with presence across 100+ countries and over 1.3 lakh
employees. It is pioneering technology leader in electrification products, robotics and motion,
industrial automation and power grids, serving customers in utilities, industry and transport &
infrastructure globally.
Cabinet approves proposal to set up 4072 towers in Left Wing Extremism Areas
May 24, 2018
Union Cabinet has approved Ministry of Home Affairs’ (MHA’s) proposal of setting up 4,072 mobile
towers to improve telecom connectivity network in Left Wing Extremism (LWE) Areas. This network
would be used by security personnel deployed in LWE affected areas.
Key Facts
These towers will be set up at cost of Rs. 7,330 crore in 96 districts of 10 naxal affected states through
Universal Service Obligation Fund (USOF) of Department of Telecommunications (DoT). These states
are Jharkhand (1,054 towers will be installed), Chhattisgarh (1,028), Odisha (483), Andhra Pradesh (429),
Bihar (412), West Bengal (207), Uttar Pradesh (179), Maharashtra (136), Telangana (118) and Madhya
Pradesh (26).
The project will also provide mobile services to help residents in unconnected inhabited villages
which will improve economic activities in region. It will give impetus to e-Governance activities in
backward and LWE affected area with availability of digital mobile connectivity.
Background
In the phase-I of the telecom connectivity network project, budget for providing mobile services
using 2G technology in LWE areas was sanctioned at cost of Rs. 4080.78 crore. It is on completion
stage and there are 2,335 tower sites functioning of total 2,355 approved.
In phase-II, MHA in consultation with concerned states had identified 4,072 tower locations for
communication need of security personnel deployed in 10 states and provided to DoT in October
2017. It has upgraded telecommunications technology from 2G and 4G according to the requirement
of stakeholders.

Former SC judge CK Prasad appointed as Chairman of Press Council of India

May 24, 2018
Government has appointed former Supreme Court Judge CK Prasad as Chairman of Press Council of
India (PCI) for second term. His nomination was approved by three-member committee headed by
Vice President Venkaiah Naidu. He was earlier appointed to post in November 2014 after Justice
Markanday Katju stepped down.
Press Council of India (PCI)
PCI is a statutory body with mandate to act as watchdog to oversee conduct of the print media. It
derives its mandate from Press Council Act, 1978.
Composition: It consist of Chairman (who has by convention, been a retired judge of Supreme Court)
and 28 other members off whom 20 represent press, five are nominated from two Houses of
Parliament and three represent cultural, literary and legal fields.
Functions: It is statutory, quasi-judicial body acting as watchdog of press. It adjudicates complaints
against and by the press for violation of ethics and for violation of the freedom of the press
respectively.
Cabinet approves USOF scheme for Meghalaya under CTDP
May 24, 2018
Union Cabinet has approved implementation of Comprehensive Telecom Development Plan (CTDP)
Project for North Eastern Region (NER) in Meghalaya to improve mobile services. The project has
provision of 2G and 4G mobile coverage in identified uncovered areas of Meghalaya and seamless
mobile coverage along National Highways in state. It will be funded by Universal Service Obligation
Fund (USOF). Cabinet also approved enhanced cost of CTDP Project for NER for amount of Rs
8,120.81 crore. It already has approved Rs 5,336.18 crore on September2014 for the project.
Benefits
CTDP aims to strengthening of telecom network that will result in increase in penetration of mobile
connectivity in Meghalaya. It will provide affordable and equitable access of communication,
information and governance to people. Connecting unreached people of Meghalaya through public
mobile network will empower citizens with benefits of ICTs for furthering socio-economic
developments. It will also increase innovative skill of uncovered areas of the state through broadband
and internet access.
Universal Service Obligation Fund (USOF)
USOF was formed by Central Government to help fund projects to boost connectivity in rural areas.
The money for this fund comes through ‘Universal Access Levy,’ charged from telecom operators as
percentage of various licenses fees being paid by them.
Nepal becomes first country in south-east Asia to eliminate Trachoma: WHO
May 24, 2018
World Health Organization (WHO) has validated Nepal for having eliminated trachoma, a contagious
bacterial infection of the eye. It makes Nepal first country in WHO’s South-East Asia Region to defeat
trachoma, world’s leading infectious cause of blindness. The eye disease was second leading cause of
preventable blindness in Nepal in 1980s. Its prevalence in Nepal has fallen by 40% following
implementation of sustained control activities including national trachoma programme which
provided incentives to local communities and districts to build and maintain latrines, measures that
were crucial to improve sanitation and reduce disease carrying flies.
WHO Criteria used to assess country’s claim for having eliminated trachoma as a public health
problem
Less than 5% of children aged 1–9 years have signs of active trachoma
Less than 0.2% of people aged 15 years and older have trachomatous trichiasis.
Health system which can identify and manage new cases of trachomatous trichiasis.
Trachoma
It is an eye disease caused by infection with bacterium Chlamydia trachomatis. Infection is
particularly common in young children. It causes inflamed granulation on inner surface of eye lids. It
spreads through contact with infective eye or nose discharges. Ocular or nasal discharge can be
transmitted directly from person to person or be mediated by flies which have been in contact with
eyes and noses of infected people. Trachoma transmission is associated with poor sanitation and

hygiene, which increase availability of eye discharges and encourage breeding of flies. It can be
treated with antibiotics in case of children. Older people infected with it require eyelid surgery to
cure it.
India had self-declared itself free from infective Trachoma in December 2017 after it met goal of trachoma elimination as
specified by WHO under its GET2020 (Global Elimination of Trachoma by the year 2020) program.
Pakistan hosted SCO Regional Anti-Terrorist Structure meeting in Islamabad

May 24, 2018
Pakistan hosted its first ever Shanghai Cooperation Organisation-Regional Anti-Terrorist Structure
(SCO-RATS) legal experts meeting in Islamabad. This was the first-ever SCO meeting being held in
Pakistan since it became a permanent member of the organisation along with India in June 2017.
Key Facts
The three day meeting saw participation of legal advisors from eight SCO member states including
China, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, India, Russia, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan and Pakistan as well as
representatives of the SCO-RATS executive committee.
The main agenda of the meeting was to discuss issues related to terrorist threats in the region and
how to overcome them. They discussed terrorist threats being faced by region and ways and means
to enhance regional cooperation in fighting terrorism, drug trafficking and organised crime between
SCO member states.
SCO-Regional Anti-Terrorist Structure (RATS)
Regional Anti-Terrorist Structure (RATS) is permanent organ of Shanghai Cooperation Organisation
(SCO). It serves to promote cooperation of member states against three evils of terrorism, separatism
and extremism. It is headquartered in Tashkent, Uzbekistan. The Head of RATS is elected to three-
year term. Each member state also sends permanent representative to RATS.
India’s first National Sports University in Manipur: Union Cabinet approves ordinance
May 24, 2018
The Union Cabinet has approved an ordinance to set up the country’s first national sports university
in in Imphal (west), Manipur. The ordinance is on the lines of National Sports University Bill, 2017
which is pending in Parliament (introduced in Lok Sabha in August, 2017).
Key Facts
The specialised university will be the first of its kind in the country and adopt best international
practices. Manipur government has already allocated land for the proposed university. The proposal
to set up national sports university in Manipur was initially announced by Prime Minister Narendra
Modi. The was approved in 2014-15 budget with Rs. 100 crore allocation.The proposed university is
expected to bridge gap that exists in sports environment of country in various areas such as sports
science, sports technology, high performance training
National Sports University Bill, 2017
The Bill establishes National Sports University in Manipur. It is mandated to promote sports
education in areas of sports sciences, sports technology, sports management, and sports coaching. It
will function as national training centre for select sports disciplines. It also empowers the University
to grant degrees, diplomas and certificates. It also allows Government to establish campuses and
study centres in other parts of the country.
Objectives of National Sports University
Research, development and dissemination of knowledge in physical education and sports sciences.
Strengthening physical education and sports training programmes.
Generating knowledge capabilities, skills and competence at various levels.
Training talented athletes to help them to evolve into international level athletes.
May 25, 2018
INSV Tarini team awarded Nari Shakti Puraskar 2017
May 25, 2018
India’s Navy all six women crew of INSV Tarini who completed India’s first all-women
circumnavigation expedition of the globe was conferred prestigious Nari Shakti Puraskar 2017. The
crew included Lt Commander Vartika Joshi, Lt Commander Swathi Patarpalli, Lt Commander
Pratibha Jamwal, Lt Aishwarya Bodapatti, Lt SH Vijaya Devi and Lt Payal Gupta. These six women

were among recipients of Nari Shakti Puraskar 2017 who were presented with award by President
Ram Nath Kovind on occasion of International Women’s Day (March 8). However, the award was not
be presented to them, as they were sailing then.
Navika Sagar Parikrama
The six women crew of INSV Tarini undertook task of circumnavigating globe, as part Indian navy’s
Navika Sagar Parikrama expedition. It was first ever circumnavigation of globe by all-women Indian
crew. It was aimed to demonstrate thrust of India’s Nari Shakti or women power on global platform.
The six-member crew was led by Lieutenant Commander Vartika Joshi. The expedition lasted for 254
days, which included 199 days at sea, covering a total of 21600 nautical miles. It was extremely
challenging expedition as they encountered rough seas, high stormy conditions and severely cold
temperatures.
Besides, circumnavigating the globe, the crew also collected and updated meteorological, ocean and
wave data on regular basis for accurate weather forecast by Indian Meteorological Department
(IMD). It also reported marine pollution on high seas. The women crew during port halts, also
interacted with local populace, especially children to promote ocean sailing and spirit of adventure.
Nari Shakti award
The award aims to acknowledge achievement of women by bestowing awards on eminent women
and institutions in recognition of their service towards the cause of women empowerment. It was
established in 1991 and since then it is conferred annually by President on occasion of International
Women’s Day on March 8 every year. It carries cash award of Rs. 1 lakh and certificate for individuals
and institutions. The Ministry of Women and Child Development announces this national level
award for eminent women, organisations and institutions.
5th India-CLMV Business Conclave held at Phnom Penh, Cambodia
May 25, 2018
The 5th India-CLMV (Cambodia, Lao PDR, Myanmar and Vietnam) Business Conclave was held at
Phnom Penh, Cambodia. It was jointly organised by Ministry of Commerce & Industry along with
Ministry of Commerce of Cambodia. The Confederation of Indian Industry (CII) is institutional
partner of the event.
Key Facts
The business conclave provided opportunity for developing better understanding of CLMV
economies which have untapped potential for development and offer more scope for enhancement of
economic engagement with India. It saw participation of ministerial and business delegations from
India, Cambodia, Myanmar, Vietnam and Laos consisting of about 400 delegates.
The conclave called for collaboration of CLMV countries and India on agriculture, health, tourism,
education and connectivity to promote regional integration and creation of value chain and
emphasised need for strengthening India-CLMV business and trade relations.
The sessions of conclave focussed on sectors such as SME, manufacturing, agriculture, plantation,
fisheries and related industries, healthcare, education, information technology and skill development.
It also highlighted need for greater connectivity, promoting small and medium enterprises,
harnessing opportunities in service sector especially health care, tourism, transportation and
logistics. It also stressed upon need to promote productivity and value addition in agriculture to
address livelihood and employment issues.
India proposed setting up of India-Cambodia Chamber of commerce with institutional partnership
between CII and Cambodian Chamber of Commerce. Such similar bilateral business forums will be
also setup in Vietnam and Laos to institutionalize bilateral business to business engagements of
India with each of CLMV countries.
Background
CLMV region is considered as India’s gateway to entire ASEAN and provides access to huge markets
of these countries. These four countries represents rapidly growing economy with rising
consumption, strategic location and access, rich natural resources (oil, gas, copper, teak and
gemstones), biodiversity and industrious workforce with low wages. They also offer significant
opportunities for trade in goods and services, investment and project exports. India seeks to invest in
CLMV countries (which are part of 10-member ASEAN group) to take advantage of free trade

agreements they have with various countries such as China.

Surya Kiran-XIII: India-Nepal joint battalion level exercise to be held in Uttarakhand
May 25, 2018
The thirteenth edition of India-Nepal joint military exercise will be conducted at Pithoragarh,
Uttarakhand from 30 May to 12 June 2018. The joint military exercise aims to further enhance and
strengthen level of defence cooperation between the two neighbouring nations.
Key Facts
Surya Kiran-XIII exercise will see participation of nearly 300 soldiers from both Indian and Nepal
Army. They will share their experiences gained during conduct of various counter insurgency and
counter terrorism operations in the past. The aim of this edition of exercise is to conduct battalion
level joint training with emphasis on counter terrorism operations in mountainous terrain under the
United Nations mandate. It also includes various aspects of disaster management and joint effort
towards relief work.
SURYA KIRAN Exercise
Surya Kiran series of bilateral military exercises are conducted bi-annually, alternatively in India and
Nepal. It is largest exercise in terms of troop’s participation in series of military training exercises
undertaken by India with various countries. It aims at promoting military relations and increasing
interoperability armies of both countries. 12th edition of this exercise was held at Nepal Army Battle
School (NABS) in Saljhandi, Nepal in September 2017.
Government reconstitutes FSDC: Includes secretaries from Revenue Department, MeitY, IBC
Chairman
May 25, 2018
The Union Government has reconstituted Financial Stability and Development Council (FSDC) to
include secretaries from revenue department as well as Ministry of Information Technology (MeitY).
It will include Chairman of the Insolvency and Bankruptcy Board of India (IBBI). This decision will
make FSDC more broad-based to incorporate changes in economic regulatory framework of the
country.
Key Facts
Inclusion of MeitY Secretary in FSDC becomes significant given massive digitisation push in country
and rising apprehensions around safety of personal data as both public and private sectors are
collecting and using personal data on an unprecedented scale and for multiple purposes. Moreover,
inclusion of revenue secretary in follows increasing safeguards being put in place by Department of
Revenue to check tax evasion (both direct and indirect taxes).
Financial Stability and Development Council (FSDC)
FSDC is super regulatory body for regulating financial sector which is vital for bringing healthy and
efficient financial system in economy of the country. Its mandate is to strengthen and
institutionalise mechanism of maintaining financial stability, financial sector development, inter-
regulatory coordination along with monitoring macro-prudential regulation of economy. Union
Finance Minister is chairman of FSDC. Its members are heads of financial sector regulatory
authorities (i.e, RBI, SEBI, IRDA, PFRDA), Finance Secretary and Secretary, Department of Economic
Affair; Secretary, Department of Financial Services, and Chief Economic Adviser. FSDC was set up in
2010 by then Finance Minister Pranab Mukherjee to strengthen and institutionalise mechanism for
maintaining financial stability, enhancing inter-regulatory coordination and promoting financial
sector development.
SIDBI, CSC SPV ink MoU to provide financial support to village level entrepreneurs
May 25, 2018
Small Industries Development Bank of India (SIDBI) and Common Service Centres (CSC) Special
Purpose Vehicle (SPV) signed MoU for providing financial support village level entrepreneurs in
CSCs. Through the MoU, SIDBI will extend financial support to VLEs of CSCs, with minimum one
year of operation, under its Direct Financing Window.
Key Facts
Through the MoU, both CSC SPV and SIDBI seek to work together to bring more citizens under
ambit of financial inclusion. Moreover, it will also aim to enhance financial viability of CSCs by
including additional services in their bouquet of products.

Under Direct Financing Window, CSC SPV will approve list of VLEs, within 25 km distance of SIDBI
Branch Offices, who require financial support. To avail loan, VLEs need to submit their CSC project,
with maximum project outlay of Rs. 3.50 lakh and term loan requirement not exceeding Rs. 2 lakh per
project.
Common Service Centres (CSC)
CSC is an initiative of Ministry of Electronics & IT (MeitY). It is strategic cornerstone of the Digital
India programme. It is pan-India network catering to regional, geographic, linguistic and cultural
diversity of country, thus enabling Government’s mandate of a socially, financially and digitally
inclusive society.
There are as many as 2.91 lakh CSCs operate in the country today. They are mostly ICT enabled front
end service delivery points at village level for delivery of government and private services. These
CSCs serve as access points for delivery of essential public utility services, social welfare schemes,
financial, healthcare, education and agriculture services, apart from host of B2C services to citizens
in rural and remote areas of the country.
Small Industries Development Bank of India (SIDBI)
SIDBI is principal development financial institution for promotion, financing and development of
Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSME) sector in India. It was established on April 2, 1990
through an Act of Parliament (thus, it is statutory body). It is headquartered in Lucknow, Uttar
Pradesh. It facilitates and strengthens credit flow to MSMEs and address both financial and
developmental gaps in MSME eco-system across the country.
Government launches Samagra Shiksha scheme to improve quality of school education
May 25, 2018
The Union Ministry of Human Resource Development (HRD) launched Samagra Shiksha scheme to
improve quality of school education. The scheme aims at improving quality of education, enhancing
learning outcomes and using technology to empower children and teachers. The scheme subsumes
three existing schemes: Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan (SSA), Rashtriya Madhyamik Shikskha Abhiyan
(RMSA) and Teacher Education (TE) to treat school education holistically, from pre-school to Class
XII.
Samagra Shiksha scheme
Samagra Shiksha Scheme aims at unifiying learning from pre-school to class 12 levels by treating
education holistically as continuum from pre-school to class 12. It encapsulates elements of previous
scheme and focuses on digital education by giving emphasis on integration of two Ts – Teacher and
Technology.
Objectives of scheme
Provision of quality education
Enhancing learning outcomes of students
Bridging social and gender gaps in school education
Promoting vocationalisation of education
Strengthening teacher education institutions like SCERTs and Diets to improve quality of teachers
Providing annual grant of Rs 5,000 to Rs 20,000 per school for strengthening of libraries
Significance
Samagra Shiksha is first integrated scheme extending unified support to states from pre-school to
senior secondary levels. It is paradigm shift in conceptual design of school education by treating
school holistically as continuum from pre-school, primary, upper primary, secondary and senior
secondary levels.
The scheme builds on grade-wise, subject-wise Learning Outcomes and largest National
Achievement Survey (NAS)-2017-18 to strategize district level interventions for improving quality of
education. It will help to shift focus of student learning from content to competencies.
The scheme envisages active participation of all stakeholders especially parents, school management
committee (SMC) members, community and state functionaries towards efforts to ensure quality
education to children.
It also extends benefits of Kasturba Gandhi Balika Vidyalaya scheme, under which girls from
disadvantaged sections are provided education with hostel facility from class 6-8 to class 6-12.

The scheme focuses on strengthening teachers, the crucial pillar of education system by making
SCERTs and DIETs nodal agencies for teacher training. These institutions will be strengthened to
emphasize integration of in-service and pre-service training structures in states to make it need-
focused and dynamic. This will strengthen quality of teaching in schools across levels.
15th Finance Commission constitutes high level group for balanced expansion of health sector
May 25, 2018
The Fifteenth Finance Commission has constituted high level group to explore and give
recommendations for a balanced expansion of the health sector. It will be headed by Dr.
RandeepGuleria, Director, AIIMS, New Delhi and shall consist of eminent experts in health sector
from across the country.
Functions of High Level Group
It will evaluate existing regulatory framework in health sector and examine its strength and
weaknesses for enabling balanced and faster expansion keeping in view India’s demographic profile.
It will suggest ways and means to optimize use of existing financial resources and to incentivize
state governments’ effort on fulfilment of well-defined health parameters in India. It will also
holistically examine best international practices for health sector and seek benchmark frameworks
to these practices for optimizing benefits keeping in mind local issues.
Singchung Bugun Village Community Reserve wins India Biodiversity Award 2018
May 25, 2018
Arunachal Pradesh-based NGO Singchung Bugun Community Reserve (SBVCR) won the India
Biodiversity Award 2018 in the “Conservation of wildlife species” category. It was awarded for its
efforts to conserve rare critically endangered bird Bugun Liocichla.
India Biodiversity Award
The award is joint initiative of Union Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change
(MoEFCC), National Biodiversity Authority (NBA) and United Nations Development programme
(UNDP). It recognises contribution of a range of stakeholders towards the conservation of
biodiversity. It is given in four categories viz. Conservation of Threatened Species, Sustainable use of
biological resources, Successful models for access and benefit sharing and Biodiversity Management
Committees.
Singchung Bugun Community Reserve
Singchung Bugun Community Reserve is 17 square km biodiversity hotspot in Arunachal Pradesh. It
was instituted under Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972. It is home to critically endangered bird species
Bugun Liocichla, which is not reported anywhere else in world. It lies right next to Eaglesnest
Wildlife sanctuary, a biodiversity hotspot, which is also home to the bird species.
Bugun Liocichla
The bird was identified as a new species in 2006 and is reportedly only new bird species to have been
discovered in India since 1947. It has been named after Bugun tribe because of their conservation
efforts. International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) has classified Liocichla as Critically
Endangered (CR). There are only about 20-24 pairs which live in the area.
Community Reserve
It is established under Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972. It enables any state government to declare
community-owned forest area as “community reserve” if locals are willing to participate in
conservation efforts for same. Under it, community reserve receives same legal protection as
National Parks and Wildlife Sanctuaries.
UNICEF launches data visualisation app on education scenario in India
May 25, 2018
The UNICEF (United Nations Children’s Emergency Fund) launched Data Visualisation App to
provide user-friendly visual representation of complex analytics of education scenario in India. It was
developed with technical inputs from the UNICEF, in collaboration with National Council for
Educational Research and Training (NCERT) and National Institute of Education Planning and
Administration (NIEPA).
Key Facts
The app uses UDISE (Unified District Information System for Education), NAS (National Assessment
survey) and demographic data. It can be used as visual tool by policy makers, academia, senior

government officials, and researchers to address gaps and monitor programs in field of education.
Shiksha Mela Education Open Day
UNICEF India in partnership with Ministry of Human Resource Development organised Shiksha
Mela Education Open Day to demonstrate case stories showcasing holistic and equitable quality
education achieved through convergent programming across 17 states.
US withdraws invitation to Chinese navy to participate in 2018 RIMPAC maritime exercise
May 25, 2018
United States had withdrawn invitation to Chinese navy to participate in 2018 Rim of the Pacific
(RIMPAC) maritime exercise. The withdrawal was in response China’s continued illegal militarisation
of islands in disputed South China Sea. RIMPAC 2019 is the 26th exercise of its type, after first being
held in 1971. More than 25,000 naval officers from 29 countries are expected to take part in it.
Background
China claims almost entire strategic South China Sea (SCS), where Brunei, Malaysia, Philippines,
Taiwan and Vietnam have conflicting claims. China has built strategic runaways and ports on the
artificial islands in the SCS. It also has deployed weapons such as surface-to-air missiles to contested
features in Spratly (Nansha) Islands and its landing of bomber aircraft on Woody (Yongxing) Island.
US has conducted freedom of navigation operations close to China-claimed areas to challenge what it
sees as China’s excessive claims. China had participited in the last two Rimpac exercises (2014 and
2018). Notably, Chinese and US Navies also had conducted joint submarine rescue drill aboard
Chinese vessel during 2016 exercise.
Rim of the Pacific (RIMPAC) Exercise
The RIMPAC is the world’s largest international maritime warfare exercise. It is held biennially near
Honolulu, Hawaii (US) during June and July of even-numbered years. It is hosted and administered
by the United States Navy’s Pacific Fleet (headquartered at Pearl Harbor) in conjunction with Marine
Corps, Coast Guard, and Hawaii National Guard forces under control of Governor of Hawaii. For this
exercise, host country US invites military forces of countries from Pacific Rim and beyond to
participate. The biennial exercise seeks to provide a unique training opportunity to participants in
order foster cooperative relationships to ensure the safety of sea lanes and security on the world’s
oceans.
May 26, 2018
NIC sets up cloud-enabled National Data Centre in Bhubaneswar
May 26, 2018
National Informatics Centre (NIC) has set up cloud-enabled National Data Centre at Bhubaneswar,
Odisha. It will offer round-the-clock operations with secure hosting for e-governance applications of
ministries and departments. It is fourth cloud-enabled National Data Centre of NIC after Delhi,
Hyderabad and Pune,
Key Facts
Bhubaneswar based centre is expected to enhance range of data centre related services offered by
government body. It will provide benefits like on-demand access to ICT (Information and
Communication Technology) infrastructure for easy availability and quick deployment of
applications and standardised platforms of deployment.
Centralised cloud environment of this centre has been established to host multiple applications with
simplified operations and increased application responsiveness to support new generation of
distributed applications. The cloud service offerings of NIC will allow government departments to
provision infrastructure and add to computing capacity on demand.
National Informatics Centre (NIC)
NIC (Rashtriya Suchna Vigyan Kendra) is premier science & technology organisation of Government
in informatics services and information and communication technology (ICT) applications. It is part
of MeitY’s Department of Electronics & Information Technology. It was established in 1976.
It plays a pivotal role in steering e-governance applications in governmental departments at
national, state and district levels, thus enabling improvement and wider transparency in government
services. Almost all Indian-government websites are developed and managed by NIC.

India-Netherlands launches Clean Air India Initiative

May 26, 2018
India and Netherlands launched Clean Air India Initiative in New Delhi. It aims to curb air pollution
in Indian cities by promoting partnerships between Indian start-ups and companies from
Netherlands. It also aims build network of entrepreneurs working on business solutions for cleaner
air.
Key Facts
Clean Air India Initiative is collaborative project between Get In The Ring, a platform for start-ups of
Netherlands Government, Start-up India and INDUS Forum, an online matchmaking platform of
Indian and Dutch businesses. It is multi-corporate challenge that will test and scale innovations
through collaboration between startups, corporates and governments by providing pilot
opportunities for promising innovations that solve problem of pollution.
Indo-Dutch Startup Initiative: #StartUpLink
The initiative aims fulfil twin objective of facilitating market expansion for startups in two countries
alongside fostering joint sense of innovation and entrepreneurship. It will help startups from both
countries that are exploring each other’s markets and offers access to key information, relevant
networks, pilot opportunities, and navigators for respective startup ecosystems.
Shell E4 Start Hub
Dutch oil major Shell, as a partner for the Indo Dutch #StartUpLink,has come on board with aim of
accelerating India’s transition to sustainable energy future. It has established Shell E4 Start Hub to
enable and empower energy entrepreneurs in progressing their impactful solutions. It is the first
energy focused startup hub in India, offering startups access to infrastructure (labs+co-working
space), industry knowledge, subject matter expertise, funding, global connections and brand
recognition, combined with world-class accelerator program.
May 25: World Thyroid Awareness Day
May 26, 2018
The World Thyroid Day is observed every year on May 25 to spread awareness of thyroid health and
educating about prevention and treatment of thyroid diseases.
Observance of day highlights five major goals to:
Increase awareness of thyroid health.
Promote understanding of advances made in treating thyroid diseases.
Emphasize prevalence of thyroid diseases.
Focus on urgent need for education and prevention programs.
Expand awareness of new treatment modalities.
Thyroid gland
Thyroid gland, often referred to as simply thyroid, is one of the largest endocrine glands. It butterfly-
shaped gland located in neck. Thyroid health is extremely important, as hormones produced by it
influence critical body functions and regulate metabolism. Thyroid disorders are very common
worldwide, they affect people of all ages and have large range of symptoms. The most common
thyroid disorders include hypothyroidism (abnormally decreased thyroid activity), yperthyroidism
(abnormally increased thyroid activity), thyroiditis or Goitre (inflammation of thyroid gland) and
thyroid cancer. They are often caused by iodine deficiency.
Background
In 2008, European Thyroid Association (ETA) and American Thyroid Association (ATA) had joined
hands to create, for first time ever day devoted globally to Thyroid Gland and its numerous and often
‘invisible’ symptoms. It was observed for the first time in 2009. Since then, it has been celebrated
annually round globe together with its extension, International Thyroid Awareness Week, which
surrounds main Day.
TCS becomes first company to achieve 7 lakh crore market capitalisation milestone
May 26, 2018
Tata Consultancy Services (TCS), the country’s most valued and largest IT outsourcing company
created history by becoming the first Indian company to reach Rs. 7 lakh crore market capitalisation
(m-cap) milestone. M-cap is value of company that is traded on stock market, calculated by
multiplying total number of shares by present share price.

Key Facts
TCS achieved this milestone, after its stock zoomed to fresh all-time high of Rs. 3,674 in intraday
session on Bombay Stock Exchange (BSE), taking its market valuation to around Rs 7,00,236.83 crore.
The m-cap has been calculated from its 52-week high price of Rs 3,674 on BSE.
TCS’s market valuation had earlier surged past Rs. 6 lakh crore ($100 billion) mark, making it second
company to achieve milestone after Reliance Industries. Now it is country’s most valued firm,
followed by Reliance Industries with market capitalisation of Rs. 5,83,908.87 crore, HDFC Bank (Rs
5,19,654.83 crore), HUL (Rs 3,42,244.47 crore) and ITC (Rs 3,30,919.46 crore) in the top five list.
ASEAN India Film Festival held in New Delhi
May 26, 2018
ASEAN India Film Festival was held in New Delhi from May 25 to 30, 2018. It was organised by
Ministry of External Affairs (ASEAN Multilateral Division) as part of the series of events to
commemorate 25 years of ASEAN and India relations.
Key Facts
The film festival was non-competitive and its tagline was ‘Friendship through Films’. Around 32 films
from 11 countries were screened during six days festival. It was aimed to serve as vehicle of Cultural
Exchange by providing access to new trends in filmmaking by providing platform for exchange of
ideas, culture and experiences in the field of cinema.
The film festival provided platform for people from film industries of respective member countries to
explore areas of cooperation in domain of cinema and cultural cooperation. It also celebrated
excellence of cinema by exhibiting films from various ASEAN countries.
ASEAN
ASEAN is regional organisation that aims to promote intergovernmental cooperation and economic
integration amongst its members. It consists of 10 member countries- Brunei, Cambodia, Indonesia,
Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand and Vietnam. It came into existence on
August 8, 1967, after ASEAN declaration (also known as Bangkok Declaration).
Bangladesh Bhavan inaugurated at Vishwa Bharti University in Santiniketan
May 26, 2018
Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi and his Bangladesh counterpart Sheikh Hasina inaugurated
Bangladesh Bhawan at Vishwa Bharti University in Santiniketan, West Bengal. Bangladesh Bhaban in
Santiniketan will house museum and library. It has been divided into four zones. Zone I is dedicated
to pre-historic period of undivided Bengal. Zone II includes chronicle phases of the language
movement, Zone III is dedicated to 1971 India-Pakistan (Bangladesh Liberation) War. Zone IV will
educate visitors about Rabindra in Bangladesh.
Visva Bharati University
Visva Bharati is public central university located in Santiniketan, West Bengal. It was founded by
Rabindranath Tagore on 23 December 1921 who called it Visva-Bharati, which means communion of
the world with India. Until independence it was a college but after independence, it was given status
of university and was renamed Visva-Bharati University in 1951. Prime Minister of India is
Chancellor of the University. Some of its renowned alumni includes Nobel-winning economist
Amartya Sen, globally renowned filmmaker Satyajit Ray and leading art historian, R. Siva Kumar. It is
West Bengal’s only central university.
MHA creates Women Safety Division to address issues of women security
May 26, 2018
The Ministry of Home Affairs (MHA) has created Women Safety Division to address issues related to
security of women comprehensively amid rising concerns over women safety. The division will deal
with all aspects of women safety in coordination with relevant ministries, departments and state
governments.
Women Safety Division
It will deal with subjects like crimes against women, crimes against children, elderly persons, SCs &
STs, anti-trafficking cell, matters relating to prison legislation and prison reforms, all schemes under
NIRBHAYA fund, National Crime Records Bureau (NCRB) and Crime and Criminal Tracking &
Network System (CCTNS).
It will focus to enhance capacity of existing administrative, investigative, prosecution and judicial

machinery, along with appropriate measures for rehabilitation of victims and bring attitudinal
changes in society to address offences against women particularly rape in holistic and time-bound
manner.
It will create national mission for safety of women, with participation of stakeholder ministries and
departments, who will undertake specified actions in time-bound manner. The mission will give
credible response to emerging situation of crimes against women, especially minor girls, focus on
time-bound implementation of measures with tangible impact on women safety.
The specified actions under mission includes setting up of Special Fast Track Courts (FTCs),
strengthening of forensic set up and building up of national registry of sexual offenders, appointing
additional public prosecutors and providing appropriate medical and rehabilitation facilities to
victims.
It will also address issues like sensitisation of children through appropriate changes in school
curriculum, media campaign for raising awareness, checking proliferation of pornography materials
and online contents etc. It will result in giving credible response to emerging situation of crimes
against women, especially minor girls, focus on time-bound implementation of measures with
tangible impact on women safety.
LCU L54: Indian Navy commissions fourth ship of Landing Craft Utility MK-IV
May 26, 2018
Indian Navy inducted Landing Craft Utility MK-IV LCU vessel L54 at Port Blair, Andaman & Nicobar
Island. It is fourth of total eighth Mark IV LCU vessels to be inducted into Indian Navy.
Background
The Mark IV LCU vessels are further improved version of Mark III LCU vessels presently being used
by Indian Navy. These total 8 vessels under Mark IV category have been ordered by Indian Navy from
GRSE. They are amphibious ships with primary role to transport and deploy Main Battle Tanks
(MTBs), armoured vehicles, troops and equipment from ship to shore.
LCU MK-IV vessels will be based in Andaman and Nicobar Command. It can be deployed for multirole
activities like beaching operations, disaster relief operations, search and rescue, supply and
replenishment and evacuation from distant islands. They will contribute to the nation’s maritime
security needs.
The first vessels INS LCU 51 was commissioned in 2016. Moreover, two more LCU ships L52 & L53
have been already delivered to Indian Navy. The remaining four ships of same class are in advanced
stages of construction
LCU L54
LCU L54 has been indigenously designed and built by Garden Reach Shipbuilders and Engineers
(GRSE), Kolkata. It has 90% indigenous content. It is 62.8 meters long and 11 meters wide. It is fitted
with 2 MTU 16V 4000 M 53 marine Diesel Engines each fitted with one Fixed Pitch Propeller
generating 2 X 1840 KW power.
It has displacement capacity of around 950 Tons. It has endurance of around 1500 nautical miles at 12
knots speed. It is fitted with 2 X CRN-91 indigenous 30mm Guns, 4 X MMG and 2 X HMG to provide
artillery fire to support during attack missions. It also boasts of modern habitability conditions with
accommodation for 216 personnel. It is also fitted with state-of-the-art equipment and advanced
systems like Integrated Bridge System (IBS) and Integrated Platform Management System (IPMS).
President appoints new Governors of Odisha and Mizoram
May 26, 2018
President Ram Nath Kovind has appointed Kummanam Rajasekharan as Governor of Mizoram and
Prof Ganeshi Lal as Governor of Odisha under Article 153 of the Constitution. Kummanam
Rajasekharan will replace Lt. General (Retd.) Nirbhay Sharma who completed his tenure on May 28,
2018. Prof Ganeshi Lal will take charge from Bihar Governor Satya Pal Malik had been given
additional charge of Odisha.
Kummanam Rajasekharan
He was state president of Bharatiya Janata Party in Kerala (from 2015–2018). He started his political
career as activist of Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (RSS) and Sangh Parivar in Kerala in 1970. He was
instrumental in spearheading Kerala’s Vishva Hindu Parishad (VHP), Balasadanams, Kshetra
Samrakshana Samiti and Ekal Vidyalayas. Prior to entering politics, he was working as journalist as

sub-editor of Deepika newspaper and other news-dailies such as Rastravaartha, Kerala Desam, Kerala
Bhooshanam, and Kerala Dwani. In 1976, he joined as government employee in Food Corporation of
India (FCI).
Prof Ganeshi Lal
Ganeshi Lal was a professor of Mathematics before becoming member of RSS. He was minister in
HVP-BJP government under Chief Minister Bansi Lal from 1996-99 in Haryana. He was former
president of Haryana BJP unit. He was member of Haryana Legislative Assembly (1996-2000) from
Sirsa Constituency.
Constitutional provisions of Governor
Article 153: It says that there shall be Governor for each state. But 7th Constitutional Amendment
Act, 1956 facilitated the appointment of the same person as a governor for two or more states.
Article 156: Governor is appointed by President and hold office during the pleasure of President. It
should be also noted that this article also mentions tenure of Governor. In this regard it says that
Governor shall hold office for the term of 5 years from date he enters office.
NITI Aayog signs SoI with Sushant Singh Rajput to promote Women Entrepreneurship Platform
May 26, 2018
NITI Aayog has signed Statement of Intent (SoI) with noted media personality and entrepreneur
Sushant Singh Rajput to collaborate and support its flagship Women Entrepreneurship Platform
(WEP) initiative. In his new role, actor turned entrepreneur will support NITI’s initiative for women
entrepreneurs, to fund women-led startups to establish a vibrant, enabling entrepreneurial
ecosystem for women of the country. He will also promote Bharat Interface for Money (BHIM) digital
payments app for cashless economy by appearing in various video, print and social media campaigns
of NITI Aayog. He will also support NITI Aayog in promoting Women Transforming India Awards
2018 with theme ‘Women and Entrepreneurship’.
Women Entrepreneurship Platform (WEP)
NITI Aayog had launched Women Entrepreneurship Platform (WEP) in March 2018 on the occasion
of the International Women’s Day.
Objectives
Build ecosystem for women across India to realize their entrepreneurial aspirations, scale-up innovative initiatives
and chalk-out sustainable, long-term strategies for their businesses.
Power vibrant entrepreneurial ecosystem through enabling network of industry collaborations, partnerships,
mentors and peer-to-peer connect.
WEP helps aspiring women entrepreneurs in three different ways which is manifested as its three
pillars. They are
Ichha Shakti: Motivating aspiring entrepreneurs to start their enterprise.
Gyaan Shakti: Providing knowledge and ecosystem support to women entrepreneurs to help them foster
entrepreneurship.
Karma Shakti: Providing hands-on support to entrepreneurs in setting-up and scaling up businesses
Patratu Super Thermal Power Project: PM Narendra Modi lays foundation stone in Jharkhand
May 26, 2018
Prime Minister Narendra Modi laid foundation stone for first phase (2400MW) of NTPC’s coal based
Patratu Super Thermal Power Project in Jharkhand. The project is 74: 26 Joint Venture between
Government of Jharkhand (GoJ) and Patratu Vidyut Utpadan Nigam Ltd. (PVUN), a subsidiary
company of NTPC. The Engineering, Procurement & Construction (EPC) contract of project is
awarded to BHEL.
Patratu Super Thermal Power Project
NTPC’s PVUNL will develop project in two phases viz. 2,400 MW (3x800MW) in Phase-I and 1,600
MW (2×800 MW) in Phase-II later. The first unit is envisaged to be commissioned in 2022 and
subsequently other two units each of 800 MW after interval of six months each from the preceding
unit.
This project will allocate 85% of power to Jharkhand that will benefit state in the long run and help in
economic growth of region. It will ensure providing 24×7 power availability to households in
Jharkhand under Pradhan Mantri Sahaj Bijli Har Ghar Yojana (Saubhagya) scheme.

The project also complies with new emission norms with high efficiency ESP, FGD and Nox emission
control systems. It has dry ash disposable system (second to NTPC Dadri), zero liquid discharge
system, air-cooled condenser technology (only second to North Karanpura STPP) and rail loading
facility for transportation of ash.
Olga Tokarczuk wins Man Booker International Prize 2018
May 26, 2018
Polish author Olga Tokarczuk (56) awarded Man Booker International Prize 2018. It makes her first
writer from Poland to win this prestigious English-language literary award. She won prize with
English translation of her novel Flights, which charts multiple journeys in time, space and human
anatomy. It was first published in Polish language in 2007 and was translated into English in 2017 by
Jennifer Croft.
Olga Tokarczuk
Olga Tokarczuk is one of most critically acclaimed and commercially successful Polish writers of her
generation. She is particularly noted for hallmark mythical tone of her writing. She is trained as
psychologist at University of Warsaw. She has published collection of poems, several novels, as well
as other books with shorter prose works. Her first novel, The Journey Of The People Of The Book was
released in 1993. Her literally work has won several awards, both in her home country Poland and
also abroad, including Poland’s most prestigious ‘Nike Literary Award’ twice. She also has co-written
screenplay for Polish crime film Spoor, which won the Alfred Bauer Prize at the Berlin film festival in
2017. It was also selected as Poland’s entry for best foreign language film at 2018 Oscars.
Man Booker International Prize
Man Booker International Prize is counterpart to Man Booker Prize for English-language novels
presented by the Man Group. It is open to books in any language that have been translated into
English. It carries monetary award of £50,000 award which is split evenly between writer and
translator. The authors are shortlisted by judges from a wide range of disciplines and all with passion
for quality fiction.
Rustom-2 drone to be delivered to armed forces by 2020: DRDO
May 26, 2018
Indigenously developed Rustom-II Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) by Defence Research and
Development Organisation (DRDO) will be delivered to armed forces by 2020 as per the contract. At
present, its basic system is being perfected and attempts are being made to increase its flight
altitude. Its manufacturing will be done by Hindustan Aeronautics Ltd and Bharat Electronics Ltd.
Rustom-II
Rustom-II is part of Rustom line of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) indigenously designed and
developed by DRDO that includes Rustom-I, Rustom-H and Rustom-C. It is being developed for use of
all three services of Indian Armed Forces, primarily for intelligence, surveillance and reconnaissance
(ISR) operations.
It is a long-endurance UAV that has an 20 hours approximate flight time. Its medium-altitude
prototype can fly at over 22,000 feet. It is propelled by two 3-bladed NPO saturn engines (each
producing over 450 kg-force thrust). It stands 2.4m tall with wingspan of 20.6m and length of 9.5m.
It can fly at around 280 km/h.
Several critical systems and components of Rustom-II, like its airframe, flight control, avionics sub-
systems, landing gear etc, have been made indigenously and some in collaboration with private
manufacturers.
Rustom-II can carry variety of payloads like Long Range Electro Optic (LREO), Medium Range Electro
Optic (MREO), Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR), Communication Intelligence (COMINT), Electronic
Intelligence (ELINT) and Situational Awareness Payloads (SAP) that help in performing missions even
during the night.
May 27-28, 2018
S-400 Triumf air defence missile systems: India concludes price negotiations with Russia
May 28, 2018
India has concluded price negotiations with Russia for deal to procure S-400 Triumf air defence
missile systems for Indian Air Force (IAF). They also have finalised financial component nearly Rs
40,000 crore of the deal.

Key Facts
The deal will be announced before annual summit between Prime Minister Narendra Modi and
Russian President Vladimir Putin in October 2018. Now both countries are now trying to find way
out to evade provisions of CAATSA (Countering America’s Adversaries Through Sanctions Act), a
stringent US law that seeks to punish countries and entities engaged in transactions with defence or
intelligence establishment of Russia.
Background
India wants to procure long-range missile systems to tighten its air defence mechanism, particularly
along its nearly 4,000-km-long border. In 2016, India had signed agreement with Russia on Triumf
interceptor-based missile system. But there has been mounting concerns in India over US sanctions
against Russian defence majors export as billions of dollars of military purchases may be impacted
because of punitive measure. The US had announced sanctions against Russia under CAATSA for its
alleged meddling in presidential election in 2016.
S-400 Triumf Air Defence System
It is long-range air defence missile system is one of most advanced long-range defence systems in
the world. It is referred to as SA-21 Growler by NATO. It is an upgraded version of the S-300 defence
system and is manufactured by Almaz-Antey. It has been in service in Russia since 2007.
It is capable of firing three types of missiles, creating layered defence, and simultaneously engaging
36 targets. It has capability to destroy incoming all airborne targets at ranges of up to 400 km. With
it, India can destroy Pakistani or Chinese aircrafts even when they are in their airspace.
China was first foreign country to seal a government-to-government deal with Russia to procure this
lethal missile system in 2014. Russia already has started delivery of unknown number of the S-400
missile systems to China.
IMD to team up with BSNL for sending extreme weather warnings
May 28, 2018
The India Meteorological Department (IMD) has teamed up with state-run Bharat Sanchar Nigam
Limited (BSNL) to send extreme weather warnings (alerts) to people. The alerts will be about
impending extreme weather conditions such as thunderstorms and heatwave.
Key Facts
BSNL and IMD will send area-specific alerts to users if they happen to be at place likely to experience
extreme weather conditions, even if their phone numbers do not belong to that particular telecom
circle. The exercise is being carried out in an experimental stage, and if successful Ministry of Earth
Sciences plans to rope in other weather agencies also.
Background
The move comes after IMD came under criticism from several quarters, including some state
governments for not sending out specific alerts. Government weather forecasting agencies have
limitations in disseminating information, especially in scenarios like thunderstorms where events
unfold very quickly. Since these weather forecasting agencies cannot reach every individual, there
must an intermediate agency that could pass on the forecast to people. Prime Minister’s Office (PMO)
had recently asked IMD to send weather advisories to people.
Eastern Peripheral Expressway: PM Narendra Modi inaugurates India’s first smart and green highway
May 28, 2018
Prime Minister Narendra Modi inaugurated India’s first smart and green highway-135 km long
Kundli-Ghaziabad-Palwal (KGP) Expressway also known as Eastern Peripheral Expressway (EPE). The
expressway was completed in record time of about 500 days against target of 910 days at a cost of
nearly Rs 11,000 crore.
PM also inaugurated first phase of Delhi-Meerut Expressway, India’s first 14 lane expressway and
spans from Nizamuddin Bridge to Uttar Pradesh border. Both expressways will help to decongest the
national capital as they will divert an estimated 2 lakh vehicles passing through national capital daily
to this bypass.
Eastern Peripheral Expressway (EPE)
Solar power Plants: EPE is India’s first highway to be lit by solar power. It has eight solar power
plants, with capacity of 4000 KW (4 megawatt) for lighting of underpasses and running solar pumps
for watering plants

Rainwater harvesting: EPE also has arrangement for rainwater harvesting on both sides at every
500 meters and there is drip irrigation for plants all along the expressway.
Closed tolling system: EPE has this tolling system in which toll is collected only for the distance
travelled and not for the entire length. Toll plazas are equipped with Electronic Toll Collection (ETC)
system for faster toll collection Weigh-in-Motion (WIMs) equipment: They have been installed at all
30 entry points of the Expressway to stop entry of over-loaded vehicles.
Auto Challans: EPE has system for auto challans in which over-speeding will be fined as cameras
along the highway will capture speed of vehicles.
Intelligent Traffic management: The EPE is equipped with smart and intelligent highway traffic
management system (HTMS) and video incident detection system (VIDS).
Green cover: Over 2.5 lakh trees have been planted along the expressway including transplant of 8-10
year old trees. It has drip irrigation provision for irrigating these trees.
BCCI and UN Environment sign agreement to promote Green Cricket in India
May 28, 2018
The Board of Control for Cricket in India (BCCI) has signed Letter of Intent (LoI) with UN
Environment to promote green’ cricket in India. The partnership aims to spread greater awareness
about key environmental challenges India is facing and highlight alternate and more sustainable
solutions.
Key Facts
Through this SoI, BCCI will endeavor to reduce its environmental impact by greening its operations
and engaging cricketers and fans in green initiatives. Partnering with UN Environment will help to
make cricket green and sensitise spectators towards minimising waste generation during matches.
It will also focus on phasing out single-use plastic across stadiums in the country.
Green Cricket Initiatives
Film with messages from captains of various franchises will be aired in stadiums highlighting
hazards of plastic pollution during the course of Indian Premier League (IPL). At the four matches
played at Holkar Stadium in Madhya Pradesh, a Green Protocol based on concept of 3Rs – to reduce,
reuse and recycle was implemented. M Chinnaswamy stadium in Bengaluru, Karnataka replaced
plastic cups and bottles with environment-friendly alternatives for over 32,000 fans.
UN Environment
UN Environment (or UNEP) is leading global environmental authority that sets global environmental
agenda, promotes coherent implementation of the environmental dimension of sustainable
development within the United Nations system, and serves as authoritative advocate for global
environment. It was established in June 1972. It is headquartered in Nairobi, Kenya.
UNEP recongnises Cochin International Airport as world’s first fully solar energy-powered airport
May 28, 2018
The United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) has recognised Cochin International Airport
Ltd (CIAL) in Kerala as the world’s first fully solar energy-powered airport. CIAL is India’s first
airport to be constructed in public-private-partnership (PPP) model in 1999. It is the busiest and
largest airport in the state of Kerala. It is only PPP airport in the country that has handled more than
5 million passengers in year. The airport has 15 MWp solar power plant near the cargo complex of
airport comprising 46,150 solar panels laid across 45 acres.
Key Facts
The solar power plant generates 50,000 units of electricity daily. It makes airport absolutely power
neutral in terms of energy consumption as it consumes around 50000 to 60000 units of electricity
per day. The plant system is without any battery storage as it is directly connected to the grid.
The airport’s green power project does not result in any carbon dioxide emissions. It also produces
clean source of energy equivalent to non-clean energy produced from coal fired power plants by
burning more than 3 lakh metric tonnes of Coals. This plant is also equivalent to planting 30 lakh
trees.
United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP)
UNEP is the voice for the environment within the United Nations system. It was founded as result of
United Nations Conference on Human Environment in June 1972. It is headquartered in Nairobi,
Kenya. UNEP also has six regional offices and various country offices.

UNEP acts as catalyst, advocate, educator and facilitator to promote wise use and sustainable
development of global environment. It works with wide range of partners, including UN entities,
international organizations, national governments, non-governmental organizations, private sector
and civil society.
Germany to host first edition of Global Wind Summit
May 28, 2018
The first edition of Global Wind Summit will be held in Hamburg, Germany from September 25 to 28,
2018. It will be largest and most important meeting of the wind industry worldwide. The summit will
see participation of of speakers from about 100 countries, including India, China, the US, Spain and
Denmark.
Key Facts
The summit combines will have two main conferences, WindEnergy Hamburg and WindEurope,
Holinsky. Both events together will witness participation of about 1,400 exhibitors and 250 speakers
from all over the world. The summit will provide platform for experts from across globe to discuss
innovative and green technologies for harnessing wind energy making.
The focus of the conferences will be on three major subjects viz. dynamic markets, cost efficiency and
smart energy. It will discuss ways to develop new markets, make product competitive in auctions and
use wind power for all energy applications.
Note: India with 33GW (installed capacity) is fourth largest country after China, US and Germany in
terms of wind energy installation capacity. Government has set ambitious target of achieving 60
GW of wind energy by 2022.
Tata Trusts signs MoU with Government to provide development support in Naxal-hit districts
May 28, 2018
Tata Trusts has signed MoU with Government to provide development support in eight worst Naxal-
affected districts in Chhattisgarh. These eight worst Naxal-affected districts are covered under
Transformation of aspirational districts Programme of NITI Aayog.
Key Facts
The eight worst Naxal-hit districts chosen for programme and will be helped by Tata Trusts are
Kanker, Rajnandgaon, Bijapur, Bastar, Kondagaon, Dantewada, Narayanpur and Sukma. Tata Trusts
will provide government technical and human resource assistance to Government to special
development programme. It will help government in conducting surveys and providing ground level
and technical support in raising living standards of citizens and ensuring inclusive growth for all.
Transformation of Aspirational Districts’ programme
NITI Aayog had launched this programme in January 2017 with an aim to quickly and effectively
transform some of most underdeveloped districts of the country. Over 100 districts from across the
country were chosen to implement ambitious programme.
The programme envisages rapid development of selected districts on basis of composite index based
on health and nutrition, education, financial inclusion, skill development, agriculture and water
resources and basic infrastructure. It focuses closely on improving people’s ability to participate fully
in burgeoning economy. It seeks to bring these indicators in selected districts at par with the better
performing districts in the country.
Colombia joins NATO as global partner
May 28, 2018
Colombia has formally joined North Atlantic Treaty Organization as global partner. It makes it first
Latin American to join NATO. The announcement came after Organization for Economic
Cooperation and Development (OECD) approved Colombia as a new member.
Background
NATO alliance had reached partnership agreement with Colombia back in May 2017, just after the
Latin American signed peace agreement with communist Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia
(FARC), ending the longest-running civil conflict in Latin America. The peace deal had earned
Colombian President Juan Manuel Santos 2016 Nobel Peace Prize.
Key Facts
As a global partner with NATO, Colombia will not necessarily have to take part in active military
actions of NATO but will be fully accredited to 29-nation military alliance. It will cooperate on global

security areas like cyber and maritime security, terrorism and links to organized crime. Other global
partners of NATO include Afghanistan, Australia, Iraq, Japan, South Korea, Mongolia, New Zealand
and Pakistan.
North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)
NATO is an intergovernmental military alliance between 29 North American and European countries
based on the North Atlantic Treaty that was signed on 4 April 1949. It is headquartered in Brussels,
Belgium, while headquarters of its Allied Command Operations is near Mons, Belgium.
NATO system constitutes of collective defence whereby its independent member states agree to
mutual defence in response to attack by any external party. The combined military spending of all
NATO members constitutes over 70% of the global defence spending.
NASSCOM establishes India’s second Digital Collaborative Opportunities Plaza in China
May 28, 2018
India’s National Association of Software and Services Companies (NASSCOM) has established second
Digital Collaborative Opportunities Plaza (SIDCOP) platform in Guiyang, China. It is India’s second IT
corridor in China to provide Indian IT firms access to growing Chinese software market. The first
corridor Digital Collaborative Opportunities Plaza (SIDCOP) platform was established in Chinese
port city of Dalian.
Key Facts
The Guiyang corridor will focus on Big Data, whereas earlier launched Dalian corridor focused on
Internet of Things (IoT). The Guiyang corridor intends to create online and offline presence to
promote co-create culture between two large neighbours in Big Data space. It is aimed at setting up
local offices and assisting companies from Guiyang to establish software and IT units in India. This
initiative will give big impetus to cooperation between India and China in IT-enabled services (ITES)
sector. Soon after launch of second IT corridor, Indian IT companies signed agreement worth US $6
million with Chinese customers. The pilot projects launched on SIDCOP platform will be executed
over next year.
Background
Indian IT firms have presence in more than 70 countries in the world, generating employment for up
to 12 million people worldwide. In China, Indian IT companies are present in 10 cities with total
work-force of around 25,000 employees. In 2013, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology of
China had valued country’s IT market at over US $493 billion. For India, getting access to China’s IT
market is important to address massive trade deficit which has now spiralled to over US $51 billion.
India has been demanding China to provide market access to Indian IT and pharmaceutical firms for
several years to reduce bilateral trade deficit.
May 29, 2018
Ex-Chief Justice Nasirul Mulk named as caretaker PM of Pakistan
May 29, 2018
Pakistan’s former Chief Justice Nasirul Mulk was named as country’s caretaker Prime Minister for
two-month period ahead of general elections to be held in July 2018. The job of caretaker Prime
Minister is to keep country running between dissolution of parliament and new government being
sworn in. The present ruling government will complete tenure in May 2018 and caretaker
government will remain in office until new government is set up through elections. The interim
caretaker administration usually does not make any major decisions until new government is
elected, though it may act to shore up economy in case of worsening macro-economic outlook.
Nasirul Mulk
Mulk was born on August 17, 1950 in Mingora, Swat, in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province. He had
worked as lawyer and judge for several years before becoming 22nd Chief Justice of Pakistan (from
July 2014 to August 2015). Earlier, he served as acting Chief Election Commissioner of Pakistan (from
November 2013 to July 2014).
Swadeshi Samriddhi SIM cards: Baba Ramdev’s Patanjali ties up with BSNL
May 29, 2018
Baba Ramdev’s Patanjali has tied up with state owned Bharat Sanchar Nigam Ltd (BSNL) to launch
Swadeshi Samriddhi SIM cards. With this, India’s most trusted Fast Moving Consumer Goods
(FMCG) brand has entered in to telecom sector after gaining popularity in the consumer goods

market
Key Facts
Swadeshi Samriddhi SIM cards can be recharged for Rs. 144, for which users will get unlimited calls
throughout country, 2 GB data and send 100 SMSes. Initially only Patanjali employees and office
bearers will get benefits of SIM card. After complete rollout of SIM cards, customers will get a 10%
discount on Patanjali products. The SIM card also comes with medical insurance and life insurance
covers. The medical insurance cover is for Rs 2.5 lakh, while life insurance costs Rs 5 lakh. The covers
can only be availed in event of road accident.
RBI appoints Sudha Balakrishnan as its first Chief Financial Officer
May 29, 2018
Reserve Bank of India (RBI) has appointed Sudha Balakrishnan as the first Chief Financial Officer
(CFO). She will be the 12th executive director of the RBI and will have tenure of three years.
Balakrishnan is chartered accountant by profession. Prior to this appointment, she was former
executive vice president of National Securities Depository Limited (NSDL), India’s first and largest
depository.
Key Facts
The new CFO will be in charge of RBI’s balance sheet to ensure accounting policies and procedures
comply with regulations. She will be in charge of government and bank account department, which
processes government transactions like payments and revenue collections. She will also oversee
RBI’s investments in India and abroad.
She will also be in charge of dividend RBI pays to government, which is crucial in final budgetary
calculations. Under RBI Act, 1934, RBI is required to pay government its surplus after making
provisions for bad and doubtful debts, depreciation in assets and contribution to staff and
superannuation fund among others.
Coast Guards of India and Pakistan hold talks in New Delhi
May 29, 2018
India and Pakistan held meeting of their coast guard officials (Indian Coast Guard and Pakistan
Maritime Security Agency) held in New Delhi. They addressed issues pertaining to boundary
violations by fishermen from both sides and enhancing cooperation in area of maritime search and
rescue and combating pollution at sea.
Background
Indian Coast Guard and Pakistan Maritime Security Agency (PMSA) had signed Memorandum of
Understanding (MoU) in October 2005 for envisaging cooperation between ICG and PMSA. The MoU
was extended for five years in 2016.The MoU envisages cooperation through exchange of information
on Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) violations, marine pollution, apprehended vessels, natural
disasters and calamities, combating smuggling, illicit trafficking of narcotic drugs and piracy and
coordination in search and rescue and return sea passage. It also established communication link
between coast guards of both counteries which is operational. Under provisions of MoU, directors
general of PMSA and ICG meet periodically. This annual meeting is significant link between coast
guards of two neighbouring countries for addressing issues pertaining to maritime security
R K Agrawal appointed President of National Consumer Disputes Redressal Commission
May 29, 2018
The Appointments Committee of the Cabinet (ACC) has appointed former Supreme Court Judge
Justice R K Agrawal as President of National Consumer Disputes Redressal Commission (NCDRC).
He will succeed Justice D K Jain, who completed his term. Justice Agrawal was judge of Supreme
Court from February 2014 to May 2018 and had served on bench of the apex court for four years.
National Consumer Disputes Redressal Commission (NCDRC)
NCDRC is quasi-judicial commission set up under Consumer Protection Act of 1986. It addresses
grievances of aggrieved consumer for goods and services having value over Rs. 1 crore. It was
established in 1988 and is headquartered in New Delhi. The commission is headed by sitting or
retired judge of Supreme Court of India.
Statutory Provisions
Section 21 of Consumer Protection Act, 1986 posits that NCDRC shall have jurisdiction to entertain
complaint valued more than Rs. 1 crore and also have appellate and revisional jurisdiction from

orders of state commissions or district fora as case may be. Section 23 of Act provides that any
person aggrieved by order of NCDRC, may appeal against such order to Supreme Court within period
of 30 days.
Ruthenium (Ru): Fourth element showing magnetism at room temperature discovered
May 29, 2018
Scientists from University of Minnesota, US have discovered that chemical element ruthenium (Ru)
is fourth element to have unique magnetic properties (ferromagnetism) at room temperature. So far
only three periodic table elements Iron (Fe), Cobalt (Co), and Nickel (Ni) have been found to be
ferromagnetic at room temperature.
Key Facts
Researchers showed that Ru can be fourth single element ferromagnetic material by using ultra-thin
films to force ferromagnetic phase. It took them about two years to find right way to grow this
material and validate it. The discovery will help to improve sensors, devices in computer memory
and logic industry or other devices using magnetic materials. From an application perspective, Ru is
interesting because it is resistant to oxidation and additional has high thermal stability – a vital
requirement for scaling magnetic memories.
Ruthenium
Ruthenium is chemical element with symbol Ru and atomic number 44. It is rare transition metal
belonging to platinum group of periodic table. Like other metals of platinum group, it is inert to most
other chemicals. It was discovered in 1844 by Russian-born scientist Karl Ernst. It named Ruthenium,
after Latin name of Russia. Ruthenium is usually found as minor component of platinum ores. It is
used in wear-resistant electrical contacts and thick-film resistors. Its minor application is in
platinum alloys and as a chemistry catalyst.
Gaj Yatra launched in Garo Hills of Meghalaya
May 29, 2018
Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change (MoEFCC) rolled out ‘Gaj Yatra’, an awareness
campaign to protect elephants from Tura in Garo Hills of Meghalaya. It was organised by the Wildlife
Trust of India in collaboration with the State Forest Department.
Under this campaign, an elephant mascot will be taken across districts frequented by jumbo herds
for generating awareness among the people. It was launched to acknowledged good gesture of
villagers from Garo Hills who had set aside part of their community-owned land to create village
reserve forests for human-elephant harmony.
Gaj Yatra
Gaj Yatra is 18-month-long national campaign aimed to protect elephants, India’s national heritage
animal in 12 elephant range states. It was launched in August 2017 by Environment and Forest
Minister Harsh Vardhan on the occasion of World Elephant Day 2017 (observed on August 12).
The campaign is being led by Wildlife Trust of India (WTI). It aims to involve people from all walks of
life in conservation of elephants. Under this campaign, WTI is securing 101 elephant corridors across
in 12 elephant range states through its Right to Passage project, in partnership with Union
government’s Project Elephant, state forest departments and various NGOs. The aim this project is
to rehabilitate people affected by man-elephant conflict in corridor areas while ensuring
uninterrupted movement of elephants between key habitats.
May 30, 2018
Management of Widows Home: Ministry of WCD signs MoU with UP Government
May 30, 2018
The Union Ministry of Women and Child and Development (WCD) has signed Memorandum of
Understanding (MoU) with Uttar Pradesh Government for management of Home of Widows at
Sunrakh Bangar, Vrindavan. The MoU will be in force for period of 2 years and may be renewed for
further period on satisfactory running of shelter homes of widows.
Key Facts
Ministry of WCD has constructed this shelter home for widows with a capacity of 1000 inmates. It
will be run by Uttar Pradesh Government themselves or by any state government institution or civil
society or reputed non-government organization (NGO) to be decided by state government.
According to MoU, UP Government of will be responsible for activities including setting up

mechanism for identifying beneficiaries, providing residential care to widows, deploying staff as per
norms with prescribed qualification and experience.
The MoU also includes provisions for facilitating Aadhar Cards for all inmates and medical and
geriatric care for inmates. It further states that senior officials of UP Government will visit and check
security staff periodically and monitor their performance.
India, World Bank ink $21.7 million loan agreement for Rajasthan’s Public Financial Management
Project
May 30, 2018
Union Government has signed agreement for IBRD Credit of US $21.7 Million from World Bank for
Strengthening of Public Financial Management in Rajasthan Project. The Implementing Entity
Agreement for the project was signed by Secretary, Finance (Budget) on behalf of Government of
Rajasthan, and Acting Country Director (India) on behalf of World Bank.
Key Facts
The size of project is approximately US $31 million, of which US $21.7 million will be financed by
World Bank and remaining amount will be funded-out of state Budget. The project’s objective is to
contribute to improved budget execution, enhanced accountability and greater efficiency in Revenue
Administration in Rajasthan. It also involves strengthening of Strengthening of Expenditure and
Revenue Systems, Public Financial Management Framework and Project Management and Capacity
Building among others. The project has duration is 5 years.
PRAAPTI App and Web portal launched to bring transparency in electricity payments to Generators
May 30, 2018
The Union Ministry of Power has launched web portal (www.praapti.in) and app namely PRAAPTI
(Payment Ratification And Analysis in Power procurement for bringing Transparency in Invoicing of
generators). The webportal and app aims to bring transparency in power purchase transactions
between Generators and Discoms.
Key Features
The PRAAPTI app and web Portal will capture invoicing and payment data for various long term
Power Purchasing Agreements (PPAs) from power generation companies (generators). This will help
stakeholders in getting month-wise and legacy data on outstanding amounts of Discoms against
power purchase.
The PRAAPTI app will also allow users to know the details related to payments made by Discoms to
power generators and when they were made. It will also enable consumers to evaluate financial
performance of their Discoms in terms of payments being made to generators.
The PRAAPTI portal will also help DISCOMs and GENCOs to reconcile their outstanding payments. It
will facilitate relative assessment of various State DISCOMs on ease of making payments to various
generators and will also help make transactions in power Sector more transparent.
TRAI proposes use of blockchain technology to curb spam calls, texts
May 30, 2018
The Telecom Regulatory Authority of India (TRAI) in its draft Telecom Commercial Communication
Customer Preference Regulation, 2018 has proposed use of blockchain technology to check menace of
Unsolicited Commercial Communication (UCC) or spam calls and messages. This will be for first
time, any country will deploy blockchain technology to check unwanted calls.
Key Facts
The blockchain technology based norms to check menace of UCC will record all communication
between subscribers and entities, capturing customer consent for information and authorised
telemarketing agencies. It will ensure two things, non- repudiative and confidentiality.
It will be safeguarding personal information of the consumers as well as for better check on
unsolicited commercial calls. Only those authorised to access details will be able to access subscriber
details and only when they need to deliver service.
The draft proposes to check misuse of repeated UCC being made even to those subscribers who have
given consent. The subscriber will be now able to revoke consent given to entities through TRAI app
and other mechanism that will be provided under regulation.
Benefits
Using blockchain technology, all information can be recorded and more options can be given to

customers regarding commercial communications. The telemarketers will not have access to
database of telecom customers and they can only reach out to those, who have opted to receive
communication. Moreover, any spammer who uses normal 10-digit number to communicate with
people can be tracked immediately after few people report to TRAI as data can be matched.
WHO adopts resolution on Digital Health proposed by India

May 30, 2018
The 71st World Health Assembly held in Geneva, Switzerland has adopted resolution on Digital
Health. The resolution was initiated by India and was co-sponsored by 20 countries. The World

Health Assembly is highest decision-making body of World Health Organization (WHO). Its 71st
session was attended by delegations from all WHO member states.
Features of Resolution on Digital Health
It recognises huge potential of Digital health technology has for supporting Universal Health
Coverage (UHC) and improving accessibility, quality and affordability of health services.
It urges WHO member states to prioritise development and greater use of digital technologies in
health sector as means for advancing global health agenda and Sustainable Development Goals.
It paves way for WHO to establish global strategy on digital health, identify priority areas and
engage member states to optimise their health systems in sync with global digital health agenda.
It is first step towards mainstreaming digital interventions in health sector. It includes use modern
advance technologies such as deep machine learning, artificial intelligence (AI), internet of things
(IoT) and other emerging disciplines like genomics.
It also asks member states to identify priority areas in which they will be benefitted from WHO
assistance in digital health services and applications, data security, ethical and legal issues.
World Health Organization (WHO)
WHO is specialized agency of United Nations that acts as coordinating authority on international
public health. It was established on 7 April 1948, it succeeded the Health Organization, which was an
agency of the League of Nations. It is a member of UN Development Group (UNDP). It is
headquartered at Geneva. WHO flag features the Rod of Asclepius as a symbol for healing.
Senior diplomat Pankaj Saran as Deputy National Security Advisor
May 30, 2018
The Appointment Committee of the Cabinet (ACC) has appointed senior diplomat Pankaj Saran as
Deputy National Security Advisor (NSA). He will have tenure of two years, on deputation basis. In his
new role, he will assist NSA Ajit Doval along with Rajinder Khanna who was appointed as Deputy
NSA in January 2018
Pankaj Saran
He is Indian Foreign Service (IFS) officer of 1982 batch officer. He had held various positions in India
and abroad including the country’s High Commissioner to Bangladesh. He also served as the joint
secretary in the Prime Minister’s Office between 2007 and 2012. Prior to his appointment as Deputy
NSA, he was serving as India’s Ambassador to Russia from November 2015. His wife Preeti Saran is
Secretary (East) in Ministry of External Affairs.
National Security Advisor (NSA)
The NSA is the chief executive of National Security Council (NSC) and primary advisor to Prime
Minister on national and international security and oversees strategic issues. It is NSA to whom
intelligence agencies such as Research & Analysis Wing (RAW) and Intelligence Bureau (IB) report,
rather than directly to Prime Minister. Due to such vested powers, NSA is prominent and powerful
office in the bureaucracy. NSA is assisted by a Deputy NSA. The post was created in November 1998
by Atal Bihari Vajpayee Government. Brajesh Mishra was first to be appointed NSA of India. Since the
inception of the post, all NSAs appointed belong to Indian Foreign Service (IFS) except M K
Narayanan and incumbent, Ajit Doval, who belong to Indian Police Service.
Bihar Government implores Centre for granting the Special Category Status for the state
May 30, 2018
Bihar Chief Minister Nitish Kumar has implored Centre for granting Special Category Status for the
state. He asserted Special Category status to the state will it will enhance availability of resources by
lowering state’s contribution in centrally sponsored schemes, improve access to external resources.
It will act as catalyst for private investment and will boost employment generation and improve life
quality of people in the land locked state.
Special Category status
The concept of SCS was first introduced in 1969 by Fifth Finance Commission. It has been not
mentioned in Constitution. The rationale for special status was that certain states were historically
disadvantaged in contrast to others, because of their inherent features, low resource base and cannot
mobilize resources for development.
The decision to grant special category status was earlier with former Planning Commission body
called the National Development Council (NDC). NITI Aayog, which had replaced Planning

Commission has no power to allocate funds for states falling under this category, therefore, now it is
discretion of ruling party at Centre to dole out special favours to states.
Criteria for Special Category States
Earlier, NDC accorded this status to states having hilly and difficult terrain, low population density or
sizeable share of tribal population, strategic location along borders with neighbouring countries, economic
and infrastructural backwardness and non-viable nature of state finances. The 14th Finance Commission
also had recommended variables such as “forest cover” for devolution, with weightage of 7.5 in
criteria to benefit north-eastern States.
What Special Category States have in common?
They are special in the sense that they have special socio-economic, geographical problems, high cost
of production with less availability of useful resources and hence low economic base for livelihood
activities. States under this category have low resource base and are not in position to mobilize
resources for their developmental needs even though their per capita income may appear high.
Which are Special Category Status States?
NDC had accorded Special Category Status only to 11 states, out of 29 states to target fund flow for
better balanced growth. These states includes are seven states of North-East (Arunachal Pradesh,
Assam, Manipur, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagaland and Tripura), Sikkim, Jammu & Kashmir, Himachal
Pradesh and Uttarakhand. Other states are referred as General Category States (GCS).
Benefits to Special Category Status States

Special Category Status states are given favored treatment in respect of plan financing and financial
devolutions as compared to General Category States (GCS). According to Gadgil-Mukherjee formula
for devolution of Central assistance for States plan as approved by NDC, 30 % of total funds is
earmarked for Special Category States.
Special category States receive 90% central assistance as grant and just 10% as loan in composition of
Central assistance as compared to central assistance of 30% grant and 70% loan for Special Category
States. Moreover, these states get favored treatment from hands of Finance Commission in respect
of devolution of Central tax revenues.
Present position of Centre

After establishment of NITI Aayog and recommendations of 14th Finance Commission, Central plan

assistance to SCS States was subsumed in increased devolution of divisible pool to all States (from
32% in 13th Finance Commission recommendations to 42%).
Many states such as Andhra Pradesh, Bihar and Odisha are craving for Special Category State status
because of nature of benefits these states are getting. In response to demand of these states, Central
Government held that 14th Finance Commission has effectively removed concept of Special Category
States after its recommendations were accepted in 2015 and it has restricted it only to north-eastern
and three hilly states.
May 31, 2018
4th International Yoga Day Celebrations main event to be held in Dehradun
May 31, 2018
The Union Ministry of AYUSH has announced that main event of 4th International Yoga Day
celebrations (IDY-2018) will be held on 21 June 2018 at Dehradun, capital city of Uttrakhand.
Key Facts
The event is going to be Mass Yoga Demonstration that will attended by Prime Minister Narendra
Modi. Three places- Forest Research Institute (FRI), Gorkha Training Centre (GTC) and Maharana
Pratap Stadium have been identified for the event. On this occasion AYUSH Ministry is also planning
to give two Yoga Awards known as PM Yoga Award to national and international participants.
International Yoga Day (IYD)
The idea of celebrating the International Yoga Day was pitched by Prime Minister Narendra Modi at
the United Nations General Assembly (UNGA) in September 2014. Later in December 2014, UNGA
unanimously adopted India-led resolution to observe 21st June as ‘International Day of Yoga’. This
resolution was adopted under agenda of UN’s ‘Global Health and Foreign Policy’. The date 21st June
was selected because it represents one of the two solstices and is the longest day in Northern
Hemisphere which has special significance in many parts of the world. The first International Yoga
Day (IYD) was celebrated across the world on 21 June 2015.
IRTC Next Generation e-Ticketing System: Ministry of Railways launches new user interface
May 31, 2018
Union Ministry of Railways has launched new user interface of its Next Generation e-Ticketing
(NGeT) System on Indian Railway’s Online Travel Portal (www.irctc.co.in). Through NGeT system,
Indian Railways new online ticket booking system provides user-friendly, easy and fast way of
booking rail tickets by automating journey planning and purchase of tickets. It was launched as part
of Union Government’s Digital India’ initiative to harness power of technology and in making lives
easier for citizens of India.
Features of New User Interface of NGeT System
Using it user can now enquire and search trains and also check availability of seats without logging
in the system, thereby saving time of the users. They also can now change font size of website for
comfortable viewing.
It will provide enhanced class-wise, train-wise, destination-wise, departure and arrival time wise and
quota-wise filters for facilitating customer while planning their journeys. It also arranges
information about train including train no, train name, originating and destination station and
distances between them, arrival and departure time and journey time on single screen information.
It also has new features for payments such as My Transactions which will help user to view their
booked tickets based on Booking Date, Journey Date, Upcoming Journey and completed journey. It
also has waitlist prediction which will allow user to get probability of wait-listed or RAC tickets
getting confirmed.
It also has journey planner page, history of all journeys, bookings, cancellation. User can find out
availability for entire Advance Reservation Period (of 120 days), except for few trains in improvised
page. User can perform multiple activities through booked history with improved interface for
cancellation of tickets, printing of tickets, request for additional SMS, selecting alternative train and
change of boarding point if required.
Mission Raftar: Ministry of Railways organizes one day workshop to raise speed of trains
May 31, 2018
Ministry of Railways conducted one day workshop Mission Raftaar aimed at raising average speed of
freight trains and coaching trains in New Delhi. The workshop was inaugurated by Minister of State

(MoS) for Railways Rajen Gohain and Chairman of Railway Board Ashwani Lohani. It was attended by
all members of Railway Board along with General Managers of Zonal Railways & Senior Railway
officers were present on occasion.
Mission Raftar
The mission aims at doubling average speed of freight trains and increasing average speed of
coaching trains by 25kmph over a five year period. It was launched as part of strategy of Indian
Railways to keep pace with growing competition from competing modes viz. road and airlines etc.
Under it, specific actions and policy decisions have been initiated on railways for addressing different
factors inhibiting average speeds.
Under it, major constraints to rail mobility such as non-uniform sectional speeds have been
identified and multi-pronged strategy has been developed to overcome the existing impediments due
to fixed infrastructure, movable infrastructure, operational practices and institutional mechanisms.
Significance
The mission will help to reduce travel time for passengers, transit time for cargo, reduce operational
cost, improve revenues and railway’s market share and also reduce pollution as railways in
considered environment friendly and economical mode of transport. Principal routes of railways on
Golden Quadrilateral (Delhi-Mumbai-Chennai-Kolkatta) along with diagonals which carry
approximately 58% of freight traffic and 52% of coaching traffic has been taken up for initial
emphasis of the mission.
INDOPACOM: US Pacific Command renamed as Indo-Pacific Command
May 31, 2018
United States has renamed its oldest and largest stragically important military command US Pacific
Command (PACOM) to Indo-Pacific Command (INDOPACOM). The decision was taken in recognition
of growing importance of Indian Ocean in US strategic thinking. The Trump administration already
has renamed Asia Pacific as Indo-Pacific and identified India as one bookend of the region.
Key Facts
At present, US Pacific Command is responsible for all US military activity in greater Pacific region. It
has about 375,000 civilian and military personnel assigned to its area of responsibility, which also
includes India. Now renamed INDOPACOM will now extend its reach from Pacific Ocean to Indian
Ocean Region.
INDOPACOM will help US to stand by its Pacific and Indian Ocean allies and partners and support
their sovereign decisions for maintaining regional stability and in turn critical to global peace. The
renaming does not to account to additional assets for the region at this time. But it recognizes India’s
increasing military relevance for US for countering Chinese economic and military pressure in the
region.
Government launches India’s first ever guidelines for Adventure Tourism
May 31, 2018
The Union Ministry of Tourism for first time issued guidelines for Adventure Tourism in India in an
effort to make adventure sports safer. These guidelines were launched Minister of State for Tourism
(Independent Charge) K. J. Alphons in New Delhi. In past few years, adventure tourism has grown
rapidly India. It has been playing vital role in economic growth of the country as well as attracting
large number of travellers from across globe to country.
Key Facts
The Ministry of Tourism has formulated guidelines on Safety and Quality Norms for Adventure
Tourism in India along with Adventure Tour Operators Association of India (ATOAI). The set of
guidelines list out basic minimum standards required for adventure tourism activities in India.
The sole aim of these guidelines is to help adventure tour operators understand and execute safety
guidelines in better manner. These guidelines cover land, air and water based adventure activities
which include mountaineering, bungee jumping, trekking, paragliding, kayaking, scuba diving,
snorkeling, river rafting and many other sports.
Scientists create world’s first 3D-printed human corneas
May 31, 2018
Scientists from Newcastle University, UK have created world’s first 3D printed human corneas (3D
printed thin protective film over eye) that could solve problem of shortage of available eye donors

and help millions of blind people gain sight again.

Cornea is outermost layer of the human eye. Its key function is to focus vision. It also barricades eyes against harmful dirt
and bacteria. Damage to cornea from injury or infection can distort vision or even lead to blindness.
Key Facts
The 3D printed human corneas were produced using bio-ink solution consisting of healthy corneal
stem mixed together with alginate and collagen. The combination of alginate (a gel derived from
seaweed) and collagen helps to keep corneal stem cells alive and produces material of necessary
dimensions which is stiff enough to hold its shape and soft enough to be squeezed out nozzle of 3D
printer.
Andhra Pradesh notifies new state symbols after bifurcation
May 31, 2018
Andhra Pradesh Government notified its new state symbols after four year after bifurcation of
undivided Andhra Pradesh in 2014 into two states of Andhra Pradesh and Telangana. These states
symbols were notified by State department of environment, forest, science and technology.
New state symbols
State bird: Rose-ringed parakeet (Psittacula krameri). Locally known as Rama Chiluka.
State tree: Neem ( Azadirachta indica). Locally known Vepa Chettu.
State animal: Black-buck (Antilope cervicapra). Locally known as Krishna Jinka.
State flower: Jasmine (Jasminum officinale). Its adoption will promote jasmine, which is grown
commercially in Guntur, Prakasam, Kurnool, Kadapa, Anantapur and Chittoor districts of state.
State symbols of Telangana
State bird: Indian Roller (coracias benghalensis) or Palapitta. It also state bird of Odisha and
Karnataka.
State tree: Jammi Chettu (prosopis cineraria).
State animal: Jinka or spotted deer.
State flower: Tangidi Puvvu (senna auriculata). It is widely used in the state’s famous Bathukamma
festival.
Facebook partners with NCW to launch Digital Literacy Programme
May 31, 2018
Social networking giant Facebook has partnered with National Commission for Women (NCW) to
launch Digital Literacy Programme to train women on safe use of internet and social media. The
programme was launched by Facebook in collaboration with Ranchi, Jharkhanda-based Cyber Peace
Foundation (CPF), a civil society organisation involved in training related to all aspects of cyber
security.
Digital Literacy Programme
Under it, awareness training will be conducted for 60,000 women in universities across major cities
over a one-year period. These interactive training sessions will provide training on safe and
responsible use of internet, social media and email. It will enable trainees to differentiate between
credible and questionable information. The training will be conducted in local languages. The digital
literacy programme will benefit women in universities across major cities in Haryana, Manipur,
Delhi-NCR, Sikkim, Meghalaya, Maharashtra and Tamil Nadu.
National Commission for Women (NCW)
NCW is a statutory body established under the National Commission for Women Act, 1990. It was
established in January 1992 to review the constitutional and legal safeguards for women. It
recommends remedial legislative measures, advise Government on all policy matters affecting
women and facilitate redressal of grievances related to women.
Upgraded Pinaka rocket successfully test-fired
May 31, 2018
The Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) has successfully test-fired upgraded
guided version of Pinaka Rocket from Proof & Experiment Establishment (PXE) at Chandipur,
Odisha. During the tests, two rounds were conducted and some more rounds have been planned.
Upgraded Pinaka
The guided version is Pinaka rocket (Pinaka mark-II) has evolved from earlier version of unguided

Pinaka mark-I. The upgraded Pinaka mark-II has been fitted with navigation, guidance and control
kit developed by Research Centre, Imarat (RCI). The conversion has helped to enhance range of
Pinaka to more than 70 km (from earlier 40 km) and accuracy to 50m (from earlier 500m).
Pinaka Missile
It is jointly developed by Pune based Armament Research & Development Establishment (ARDE),
Defence Research and Development Laboratory (DRDL), Hyderabad and RCI. It is fired using multi-
barrel rocket launcher (MBRL) which can fire 12 Rockets loaded with explosives within 44 seconds
and destroy target area of 4 sq km at a time. It has capability to incorporate several types of
warheads makes it deadly for enemy as it can even destroy solid structures and bunkers. The quick
reaction time and high rate of fire of system gives an edge to Army during low amount conflict
situation. It already has been inducted into Indian Army.

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Current Affairs – May, 2018: Month Highlights

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collaboration with the State Forest Department.

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Events & Observances

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Gandiv Vijay military exercise

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May 1, 2018 focussing on cooperation and developments in the Indo-Pacific region.

Finance, Business and Economy

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Government Policy and Schemes

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aspirational districts Programme of NITI Aayog.

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Miscellaneous Terms and Facts

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WHO member states.

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Passports and in the field of Agriculture.

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3 May: World Press Freedom Day

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Namami Gange Programme: NMCG approves used of GIS technology

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making it self-sustaining organization.

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Scientists identify key peptide to develop a vaccine for leptospirosis

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India to host 15th Asia Media Summit