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    AddisonJ Spectator411-21

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    AddisonJ_Spectator411-21

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    JOSEPH ADDISON Born at Milston in Wiltshire, 16725 eduested at Lichfield Grammar School, the Charterhouse and ‘Magdalen College, Oxford, where he was a Demy and Fellow. M.P. for Malmesbury, Under Secremry ‘of State, Secretary of the Irish Government and Secretary of State in England, he died in 1719 at Holland House, his wife's London residence. SIR RICHARD STEELE Born at Dublin in 16725 educated atthe Charer- hos and Merton College, nford. He was elected MP. for Stockvie in 1713, for Boroughbidge in x75 Ga hich yar he was knighed) and for Weaver in 72a. He ded x Llanguanor in 17396 ADDISON & STEELE AND OTHERS The Spectator IN FOUR VOLUMES * VOLUME THREE GREGORY SMITH PETER SMITHERS, p.euit.(oxow.) DENT! LONDON EVERYMAN’S LIBRARY BUTTON: NEW YORK AHS 276 THE SPECTATOR No. 4x0, Friday, June 20, 1712 ir ily Sue sate ek eer ee eer, eg ete iy] Se oe CE eT cae sa ani edd a te ee ac ie Ba hopiat Rom ieee Peeper rar rt Ted tp Be tn Hite Ee oe ern be ra ti tener Soe eT: nn ie hie leer Te Peer ated Ei i se ee cai, T No. qn. [ADDISON ‘Saturday, June ar. Avia Pierdum peragro lea, mains ante rit solo fuel tngpros acodoe foes, Aig hare Ber. vx Sight is the most perfect and most delightfl of elt our Senses. Tt fills the Mind with the largest Variety of Tdcas, couveres with its Objects at the greatest Dstanes, and con tinues the longest in Action without being tired cr satiated ‘with ts proper Enjoyment, Tho Sense of Felig ean indeed [ive us « Notion of Batension, Shape, and all ther Teas saat enter at tue Bye, except Colour; but at the same time iti ery much streightned and confined in its Operations, to the Nomber, Bulk, and Distance of ies particular Objects. Our Sight stems designed to supply all these Defecta, and may be considered as a more dlieats and dost ind of Touch, Chat Spreads it suf over an innite Multitude of Bodies, compre: ends the largest Figures, and brings into our each some of the ‘moat remote Parts of the Universe eis this Sense which formishes the Tmaginstion with ite No.41t. Saburiay, June ax, 1712 THE SPECTATOR 277 [deas; 90 that by the Pleasures of the Imagination or Fancy (Grbich T shall ue promlscuously) T here moan such as arise ‘Hom visible Objects either when we have them actually ia our ‘View, or when ste call up their Téeas into our Minds by Paint- ings, Statues, Descriptions, or any the like Occasion, We ‘cannot indeed have a single Tmage in the Fancy that did not ‘make its frst Entrance through the Sight; but we have the Power of retaining, altering and compounding tose Images, which ve have once received, into all the Varieties of Picture ‘and Vision that are most agroeable to the Imagination: for by ‘this Faculty a Man in a Dungeon is capable of entertaining himself with Soenes and Landskips more beautifil than any ‘hat ean be found in the whole Compass af Nature ‘There are few Words in the English Language which are employed in a more loose and uncircumecribed Sonse tha {hose of the Fancy and the Imagination. I therefore thought ie necessary #0 fix and determine. the Notion of these fro ‘Words, as intend to mato uso of thom in the Thread af my. following Speculations, that the Reader may conceive rightly ‘what is the Subject which T proceed upon. T must therefore (esire him to remember, that by the Pleasures of the Imagina tion, I mean only such Pleasures as arise originally from Sight, fand that I divide these Pleasures into two Kinds: My Design being fre ofall to discourse of those Primary Pleasures of the Imagination, which entirely proceed from such Objects as sre ‘before our Byes; and in the next place to speak of those Secondary Pleasures of the Imagination which How from the {deas of visible Objects, when the Objects are not actually before the Bye, bat are called up into our Memories, or formed ito agreeable’ Visions of Things that are cither Absent oF ictiions. "Tho Pleasures of the Imagination, taken in the fall Extent, are not so gros ts those of Sanse, nor 80 refined as those of the Understanding. The last are, indeed, more preferable, bocause they are founded on some sew Knowledge or Improvement in the Mind of Man; yet it must be confest. that those of the Imagination are aa great and as transporting asthe otaer. A ‘eautifal Prospect delights the Soul, ab much as a Demonstra- tion; and a Description in Homer has charm’a mare Teaders than a Chapter in Aristotle, "Besides, the Pleasures of the Imagination have this Advantage, above those of the Under- standing, that they are more obvious, and moro easle to be fequited. “Tt is but opening the Bye, and ihe Scene enters ‘The Colours paint themselves on the Fancy, with very litle Attention of Thought or Application of Mind in the Beholder, We are struck, we know nat how, with the Symmetry of say a78 THE SPECTATOR No, 421. Saturday, June 23,3702 thing we see, and immediately assent to the Beauty of an Object wiesowt enquiring into the particular Cates and Gcessons of it "A Man of a Polite Imagination islet nto a great many Pleasures, that the Volgae are not capable of receiving Hie an converse with a Picture, and find an agreeable Compasion ina Statue. Ho moots wieh a scree Refesbment in» Desens ton, and often feels greater Satisfaction in the Prospect af Fieide and Meadows, than another docs im the Possession. It fives im, indeed,'a Kind of Property in every thing he sees {End mals the mort rade ncsltvated Pasta of Nature ad: Taint to his Pleasures: So hat he looks upon the World, a3 ie vere, im another Light, sad dlcovers in ie Afulieade of Goaeas, “at conceal themclves from the gery of aniand ‘There ate, indeed, but very few who know how to be ila and innocent, or have a Relsh of any Pleasuceo that are not Ciminal: every Diversion they take is at the Expence of ome fobe Virtue or another, and thee very Bist Step ov of Business {Sinto Vice or Folly. “A Man should endeavour, therefore, to ‘make the Sphere of his innocent Pleasures aa wide as poms, ‘Sat ho may retire into them with Safety, and find in lem auch Satisfaction a a wise Man mosld not Saas totale, OF fs [Nature ar thos of tho Imagination, which do ade require soca a Bent of Thought as is necessary to our more setious Employ {ent nor, atthe same Time, euler the Mind fo sak into tat Negligence and Remisences, which are apt t0 accompany out pore. sensual Delights, bat, like a gentle Exercise 10 the Faculties, avaken them irom Sloth and. Tdleness, without nutiog them upon any Labour or Diicuty. PiWe might here ada, that tho Penrares of de Fancy are more conducive to Hits, than those of the Understanding, which See worked out by Dint of Thinking, and attonded wih 90 Siolont« Labour ofthe Brain, Delightful Seene, whether ia Nature, Painting, of Poetry, have a kindly Infsence va the Bod, as well at the Mindy and aot only serve to clese and brighton the Imagination, but are able f diaperse Grif and Melancholy, and to set the Animal Spirits i pleasing end apres Beton,” Forti Reon it Panes Bacon lan sy upon Health, has not thought i improper to preset fo bis Render a Poem or a Prospect, where he particularly Gsssades him trom knotty sd’ subtle Disguistions, and Ssdviss him to pursue Stade eh fl the Mind with splendid fd llustriowe “Objects, as Historie, ables, and. Contome lations of Nature, T have in this Paper, by way of Introduction, settled the No. 432, Saturday, June 2x, 1712. THE SPECTATOR 279 Notion of sone Pars of he Zmapination which ae the Subject of my” pretent Undertaking and endeavonied, sera Conlderdtion, to recomend to ny eater the Pus felt of thou Pleasure shall an my nest Paper, else {he several Source from whenoe iene Plsamure are derived, ° No. qr. [ADDISON] Monday, Ja + Divioum sie breve ft opus —Mast 1 suats Srot consider those Pleasures of the Imagination, Which arise from the actoal View and Survey. of outward Sbjects And these, { think, al proceed from the Sight of what ‘Great, ‘Uncommon, oF Beaulful. There may, indeee, be Something co terible ot offensive, that the Morroar or Loath- omeneas ofan Object may over-bsar the Plesnure which rel from its Greatnest, Novelty or Beauty; bat sil thete wl be such a Mfixtar of Delight in the very Disgust i gives us, a5 Sy of thove three Qualifications are moat consplousus and provaling ‘By Greatness, Ido not only mean the Bulk of any single Object but the Largenets of 4 whole View, considered as ce fndre Ploco. Such ate the Prospects of fa open Champa Couatzy, a vast uncultivated Destrt, of huge Heaps of Moun fains,bigh Rocks and Preipios, or wide of Water, ‘where we ate not stack with tho Nowity of Beauty of th Bight, but with that rude Kind of Magatscence whic appears inno Se segpenony Wea of Nye." Our fa toa loves to be led with an Objoct, or Erasp at any fing that ts too big for ftv Capacity. We aro Zong into & ing Atonishmest at auch tabovadedVisws, and fed & ESignefalStiness and Amasemoot in the Soul at te appre: hension of thom. The Mind of Man natirlly hates ovecy Cong ‘hat looks like a Restralat upon it and i apt to fancy it eel ater a grt of Conant whe the Sig pent Up in a harrow Compass, and shorted on every side by the Neigh bourtood of Walls or Mountains. "On tig contrary, apacious ‘Horizon isan Tenage of Liberty, where the Eye has Room t9 ange abroad, to expatate at lage on the Immensity of iow, and to los i sel amidst the Variety of Objects that ‘offer themselves fo i Observation. Such wide and ‘andeter” ‘ined Prospects are as ‘to the Fancy, onthe Specula. Hons of Eecrnty ot Tndaitade ave to the Understanding, Bat if there bea Bosuty or Uncommonaees joined with this 2 280 THE SPECTATOR No. 412. Monday, June 3, 1713 Grandeus, a8 in a troubled Ocean, @ Heaven adorned with Stare and Metoors o a spacious Landslip cet out inco Rivers, ‘Woods, Rocks, and Meadow, the Pleasure stil growe upon e, as it atisee from more than & single Principle Every thing that is new or uncommon raises & Pleasure in the Imagination, beceuse it fils the Soul with an agreeable Sur. ‘prise, gratidca es Corisity, and gives ean dea of which was ot before posses We sro indood oo often conversaat with fone Settof Dujects, and teed oxt with so many repeated Shows ‘Sf the samo Things, that whatever is sw OF uncommon con ‘buts a ltl to vary human Life, and to diver om Bsns, {Gra while, with the Strangeness ofits Appearance: Tt cerves te for's Kind of Refreshment, and takea of from that Satiety ‘Weare apt tp complain of nour usual and Ordinary Butertain- ments. “It i this that bestows Charms ome Monster, and makes even the Imperfections of Nate panss os. Te ia this {hat recommends Variety, where the lind iy every Tastant Called off to something now, and the Attention not sured fo ‘dwell too long, and waste i self on any particular Object. 3 12's kewl, that improves what ie great or beaut, and ‘ales itaflord the Blind a double Entertainment. Groves ‘ielis, and Meadows, ar at any Season of the Yer plessont {ook upon, bat newer so much ain the opening ofthe Spring, ten they exe il now and fresh with thoir fst Gloss apen tem, sad sot yet too much accuotomed and fami to the Eye.’ For this Reason there is nothing that more ealivens & Prospect than Rivers, Jetteaus, or Fall of Water, where the Scene i perpetoalyshiting, and entertaining the Sight every Sioment wits something lat is now. We tre quicly teed ‘ith looking upon Hills and Valles, where everything con- {Unues Act and sete in the sume Place sad Postare, but nd Gur Thoughts a ite agitated and relieved at the Sight of Such Objects as are ever in. Notion, nd siding away fom tencath the Bye ofthe Bebolder ‘Bot there is nothing that male its way more directly to the soul than Benny, which immodiately dluses « secret Satie: {ction and Complacency though the Imagination, and gives s'Rnkhing to aay thing tat & Great or Uncominoa, “Tae ‘ety Bist Discovery of iestrikes the Mind with an inward Joy, nd epresdiea Chearflness and Delight trough alts Faculte. ‘There i not pesbape any meal Beauty or Deformity more in ne piece of Hatter than another, becuse we might have oes fo made, that whatsoever now eppearsleathoom to us, might ave abevn itself agreeable; but we And by Experience, that fore are several Medifeations of Matter waieh tho Mind, ‘rithout any previous Considertion, pronounoes at vt sight 1 No, 412, Monday, June a3, 1712 THE SPECTATOR 281 Thus we see that every diferent Species of sensible Creatures tas its different Notions of Beauty, and: that each of them is most adected with the Beautce of its own Kind. This is wo where more remarkable {nn in Dirds of tho same Shape and’ Proportion, where we bften see the Male determined in hia Courtship by the single Grain or Tincture of a Feather, and never discovering any {Gharms but in the Colou ofits Species, ‘eit thalamo sereare fd, senctasge erty Sonn gee non in ace cantor Sond west gue param scent amore Splenda lrg ua oe a, Jeeperease nos penwarum: it agina at ‘Focnien eploat caus, machdasea vepurt Ecgnal,Priuue ttre corpora gu. Sfmt pits Seam eae mee Eceficio epicoer ula, pare Worms ‘Eda ml, veer amen nade Hime eareeran seco ameasaeiart Sree erat eae, rican ai eas, Ee peo cat sa hai ae en a Pe teri le (Sica ane er “se iy try a eS ne Suara el ty a ea Sole LASS cal Se spaces gel oe etiotee Gea as eee te Pace hale Be far ates cto "arc dur Bu Nace alin Imes Sis etter aiBeaten saree ead fei oacuerniychdi Saha ee oan Si cia Bes ae Ween dat es witinns Resaarae SED Sense Bi eras a eel SEE TEANCaes a s Set SERS MRS i tetera et neat, SBS, Enea Teaco meta a wigs na ea rake SEs peas saan uy we NE a Si, orbit mere tane Ci AL ee 282 THE SPECTATOR No. 412. Monday, June 23, 1712 now Satisfaction by the Asistance of another Sense, Thus any continued Sound, aa the Busi of Bird, or 8 Fall of Water, Sivakens every moment the Mind of the Beholder, and males itis more atanlive tothe several Beaute ofthe Flace tat pe before him, Ths if there arose Fragrancy of Sul Or Perfumes, they heighten the Pleasures ofthe Imagination, and snake even the Colours and Verdare of the Landskip appear ‘ore agreeable; fr th Ideas of both Senses recommend tach ‘thee and are ploasantr together, than when they eater the Mind’ separately: As the dierent Colours of & Picture, when ‘hey art well daposed” ost off one another, and recive an ‘alana! Beauty from the Advantage of tei Situation,“ No. 413. [ADDISON ‘Toesey, June 24 Conse att; os at ntti . Ovi ‘Tuovon in Yesterday's Paper we consder'd how ev {hat is Great, Neo, or Baul ln apt to atec the Imagloation with Pleasure, wo must own that itis impossible for us to [ign the necomary Canso of this Pleasure, ocause we know either the Nature ofan Tdsa, nor the Substance of » Homan, Soul which might help ue to dlscover the Conforsity or Dis: agrecablouess of th obe to the other; and therefor, for want frac a Light, all that wo can doin Speculations ofthis kiad, {s to redect on those Operations of ti Soul that are most agretable, and to mange, under thelr proper Heads, what is Pleasing or dspleasing # the Mind, without being able to trace but the several neccssary and ecient Causes from whence the Pleasure or Displeasure dees. “Final Causes ie more bare and open to our Observation, as ‘nore are offen a greater Varioty that belong to tho seme Efec; and those, th’ they are not altogether 20 satisfactory, ace generally more unefel than the othe, aa they give us greater eckson of amiing the Coodaes asd Windom of te Bat iver ‘One af the Final Causes of our Delight, i any thing that fs arent, ay be thie, “Tho Supreme Author of our Being hos 20 ‘Gemed the Soul of Man, thst nothing but bimeolf can be is last, adequate, and proper Happiness, Becaun, thereore, @ it Bart of our Happises ant aris from the Contemplation Et bis Being, that he might give oor Souls a just Relish of such 2:Contomplation, he has made thom naturally delight ia the ‘Apprehension of what is Grestor Unlimited. Our Adiiration, ‘which isa very pleasing Motion of the Mind, immediatly ses | t | No. 4x3. Tuecday, June a4, 1712 THE SPECTATOR 283 at the Consideration of any Object that takes up a great deal ‘St room in the Fascy, andy by Consaquence, will improve ito fhe highest piteh of Astoniahment and Devotion when we con template bis Natare, that i neither circumscribed by Time ‘or Piao, nr to be comprehended by the largest Capacity of 3 Greated Being. ie has annesed a secret Plessure to the Idea of any thing ‘hat is new of sncommon, that be might encourage uo ia the Pareut” efter Knowledge, and engage us to search into the ‘Wonders of his Creation; for every new Idea brings asch ‘Pleasure slong with as rowards say’ Pains We have taken ia its Acquisitions, and consequently srves as 2 Motive to pat ‘sr apon Seesh Discoveries. "HE aa made every thing that is Beautiful in our own Species pleasant, that il Costares might be tempted to multiply GhirKeind and all the World with Iahabieants: for "us very Teomarkable that whereever Noture is erot in the Production Gia eater (te Reni of any eanatiral Mizar) fhe Breed {incapable of propagating is Likeness, and of founding a new Grder of Creatsren; 0 that unless all Animals were alleed by the Beauty of their own Species, Generation would be at 28 0G, and te Rarth unpeopled. “fh the last Place, ho has made every thing that is bestia fn all ober Objects pleasant, or rather hao made 50 man Objects appear beautilal, that he might render the, whol Creation ove gay and dalightfal. He has given almost every ‘hing about ua the Power of raising an agreoablo Ides in the Imagination: So that fel imposabe for us to behold his Works vith Colduees or Indllereacs, and to survey so many Beauties Yrithout a secret Satisfaction and Complaceacy. Things would Inake but a poor Ap oho Hye, we sae them only Ih their proper Figures and Motions: And what Reason ean we ausign for thelr exciting im us many’ of Chose Ideas which are Giterent from any thing that exist in the Objects themscives, {for such are Light and Colours) wore ®t not t add Super: numeracy ‘Ormements to the Universe, and. make It tore urceable to the Imagination? We are every where enter= {ined with. pleasing “Shows and. Apparlons, Wwe discover {imaginary Glories in the Heavens, and in the Barth, and see fine of fs Visionary Beauty poured out upon the whole Greation; but what a sough unsightly Sketch of Natare should sre be entertained with did all bor Coloring disappear, and he soveral Distinctions of Light ana Shade vanish? "Ta shor, ‘ur Souls aro at present delightfally lost and bewildered a & ing Delusion, and wo wal abost lie the Enchanted Hero ESS Romance, who ses beautifol Castes, Woods and Meadows, 284 THE SPECTATOR No. 413. Tuestay, June 24,1732 and at the same tine hears the warbling of Birds, and the ‘Prling of Steams; but upon the Snishing of some secret) fhe fantastick Scene breaks up, and the dsconsolate Kaight finds himself on a barren Heath, or ina solitary Desart Tei tot probate that sanething te tia may be fhe State of ‘he Soul aftr its drat Separation, in respect of tho Tmages it wr seesive fromm Matto: tho’ indeed the Ideas of Colours ats {> plonsing and beatiful in tho imagination, that iti posible ‘he Soul wil aot be deprived of them, but perhaps find them Excited by some other Occasional Caaso, as thoy ae at present By Gelder imprest sbi ata on hn Oran of Stake. ‘have here supposed that my Reader is acquainted with ‘hat great Modern Discovery, which is at pres wniverelly schon yall he Ensies int Natural Pusrophy: Namely, hat Light and Colours, as approbended by Imagination, aro only Ideas in the Ming, and: not Qualities that nave any Exiatence in Matter. As this ip Truth which tie been proved lncontsstably by many Modern Philosophers, tad is indeed one of the finest Speculations ia that Scenes, H the Bnglsh Reader would see the Notion explained at large, lie may dnd it in the Eighth Chapter of the tecond Book of Mr Lou's Rssay on Hutsan Understanding ° No. gn. [ADDISON] Wednesday, Jone 25 _ Aleriae sie Altera poset opem res & conjurat mice Hor, Is we consider the Works of Natwe and Art, as they are ‘quali to entertain the Imagination, we shall find the-last ery defective, in Comparison cf the former; for though they tay sometimes sppear as Beautifel or Strange, they can have pothing in them of that Vastaoss and Immensity, which afford 5 great an Entertainment to the Mind of the Beholder. The fone may bo as Polite and Delicate as the other, but can never thew herself so August and Magnificent in the Design. There {something more bold and masterly in the rough careless Strokes of Nature, than in the nice Touches and Embellish- ments of Art, The Beauties of the most stately Garden or Palace lie in narrow Compass, the Tmagination immediately runs them over, and requires something else to gratify her; but, i the wide Bields of Nature, the Sight wanders up and dows ‘rithout Confinement, and ie fed with an infinite varity of Tmages, withost any certain Stint or Number, “For this No. 4x4. Wednesday, June 25,1712 THE SPECTATOR 285 ‘Reason we always find the Poct ia Love with a Country-Life, where Nature appear in the greatest Perfection, and furnishes ‘Outal those Scunes that are most apt to delight the Imagination, Seriptorwm chor om emat wamus & fugit wrbas Hor. Hie secur quis, & ns ‘ives opus earlaram, He Spain eg aa Me igi Tomb glace boom, moles ub arboe opin Vir, But tho’ there are several ofthese wild Scones, that are more delightful than any artitcial Shows: yet we find the Works ‘of Nature stil more pleasant, the more they resemble those of ‘Ast: For in this case uF Ploesuro rises from a double Principle; from the Agreeablenese of the Objects to the ye, and from thee Similiude to other Objects: We are pleased a6 wel ith ‘comparing their Beauties, with surveying thom, and can fepresent them to our Minds, either as Copies or Originals Hence itis that we take Delight in « Prospoct which is well laid out, and diversifed with Fields and Meadows, Woods and vers: in those accidental Landskips of Trees, Clouds and Cities, that are sometimes found in the Veins of Marble; in the curious Fretwork of Rocks and Grottos; and, in a Word, in any thing that hath such a Variety or Regularity as may seom the Edect of Design in what wo cal the Works of Chance “f the Products of Nature rie in Valve, according a4 they sore of lese resemble thove of Art, we may be sure thet aricial Works receive a greater Advantage from their Resemblance Of such ae are natural: because here the Similiude is not only Pleasant, bat the Pattern more perfect, The prettiest Land Skip T ever saw, was one drawn on the Walls of a dark Room, ‘which stood opposite on one side to a navigable River, and on the other to # Parke. The Experiment ie very common in Opticka, | Here you might discover the Waves and Fluctua- tions of the Water in strong and proper Colours, with the ‘Picture of a Ship entring at one ond, and sailing by Dogreas rough the whole Piece. On another there appeared the {Greuat Svadows of Tree, wav and ro with dhe Wind and Herds of Decr among them in Miniature, leaping about upon ‘the Wall. I must confess, the Novelty of such a Sight may be fone occasion of its Plessantness to the Imagination, but c= ‘tainly the chief Reason is its near Resemblance to Nature, as does not only, ike other Pictures, give the Colour and Figure, Daf ho Motion of the Things I represents, ‘We have before observed, that there is generally ia Nature something more Grand and August, than What we meet with {n the Caricttis of Art, When, therefore, we see this imitated aay 286 THE SPECTATOR No. 4x4. Wednesday, June 25,1712 in any measure it gives us a nobler and more exalted Kind of Poasure than what we receive. trom the nicer and. more desurte Productions of AXE “Op Wis Account out Baglich \rdons are not so entertaining to the Feney as those ia France ‘nd Italy, where me seo 4 large Extent of Ground covered over ‘vith an agreeable Mixture of Gerden and Forest, which ropre- font every where an artificial Rudeuess, much more charming ‘than that Nestuess and Elogancy which we meet with in those of our own Country. It might, indeed, be of ill Consequence {fo the Public, as well aa unprofitable to private Persaas, to Slienste #0 much Ground from Pasturage, and the Plow, in ‘many Parts of « Country that i 0 well peopled, and cultivated toa iar greter Advantage, Bot why may not a whale Bstate be thrown into a kind of Garden by frequent Plantations, that ‘may farm as much to the Profit, as the Pleasure of the Owner? ‘A Marsh overgeown with Willows, or a Mountain shaded with aks, are not only more beautfal, but mare beneficial, than when they lie bare and unadorned. Fields of Cora make a Pleasant Prospect, and ifthe Wales were a litte talzen care of Enat lie between them, if the natural Embroidery of the Mea- ‘dows were helpt and improved by some small Additions of Art, find the several Rows of Hedges tet of by Trees and Flowers, ‘oat the soll was eapablo of receiving, a Man might make a pretty Landskip of hig own Possessions ‘Writers, who have given us an Account of Okina, tellus the Inhabitants of that Country laugh at the Plantations of our Europeans, which are laid out by the Rolle and Line; because, ‘hey say, smy one may’ place Trees in equal Rows end uniform ‘Figures,’ ‘They chuse rather ta shew a Genius in Works of this ‘Nature, and therefore always conesal the Art by which they direct themselves. They have a Word it geems in their Lan guage, by which they express the particular’ Beauty of Biantation that thus strikes the Tmagination at first Sight, ‘without discovering what itis that has 30 agreeable an Edect Our Brifish Gardeners, on the contrary, instead of humouring Nature, love to deviate from it as much as possible, “Our ‘Troos rise in Cones, Globes, and Pyramids. Wesee the Marks of the Seissars upon every Plant and Bush, I do not know ‘whether Iam singular in my Opinion, but, for my own part, T ‘would father look upon a Tyee in’all ts Luxuriancy and Digision of Boughe and Branches, than when itis thus eut and ‘gimmed into a Mathematical Figure; and cannot but fancy that an Orchard in Flower looks infinitely mare delightful than Allhe litte Labyrinth of the most finished Parterre. But as (our great Modeller of Gardens have thelr Magazines of Plants fo dispose of, its very natural for them to tear up all the No.4r4. Wednesday, Juneas, 1712 THE SPECTATOR 287 Beautifal Plantations of Fruit Trees, and contrive a Plan that ‘aay most fmm to Mee own Prost, in tang off their Ever tresns, and the lke Moveable Plants with which their Shops fre plentifully stocked. © No. 45. [ADDISON] ‘Toareday, June 26 Aaa to apregias ures, opersngue labore —Virg, “Havine already shewn how the Fancy is affected by the Works fof Nature, and afterwards considered in general both the Works ‘ot Nature and of Art, how they mutually assist and compleat (ach other, informing such Scenes and Prospects as are most Spt to delight the Mind of the Bebolder, T shall in this Paper ‘Brow together come Reflections on that Particular Art, which has a more immediate Tendency, than any other, to pro- Gace those primary Pleasures of the Imagination, which have {Mbierto been the Subject of this Discourse, Tho Art I mean IB thet of Arehitectare, which T shall consider only with regard tthe Light in which the forgoing Speculations have placed it, ‘without entring into those Riles and Maxims which the great Masters of Architecture have laid down, and explained at im numberless Treatises upon that Subject. sainese, in the Works of Architecture, may be considered as\relating to the Bulk and Body of the Structure, or to the ‘Mannor in which % ig built. As for fhe first, we find the ‘Antients, especially among the Fastera Nations of the World, Infinitely superior to the Moderns. Nott» mention the Tower of Babs, of which an old Autbor says, there were the Foundations to be seem in his time, which {poked like 2 Spacious Mountain; what could be more noble {Shan the Walls of Ballon, its anging Gardens, and ite Temple {0 Jupiter Belus, east ove a Mile high by Eight several Stories, cach Story a Fuslong in Height, and on the Top of which was {he Babylonian Observatory? I might hore, likewise, take Notice of the huge Rock that was cut into the Fighre of ‘Somivamis, with the smaller Rocks that lay by it in the Shape of Tabutary Kings; the prodigious Basin, of artificial Lake, “Which took ia the whale Euphrates, til such time as « new Gans! was formed forts Reception, with the several Trenches Shrough which that River was conveyed, T know there are Persons who look ‘upon some of these Wonders of Art as fabulous, but Teannot find any Grounds for such a Suspicion, tanlese lt be that we have no such Works among us at present. ‘There were indeed many greater Advantages for Building in 1 | | 288 THE SPECTATOR No. 415. Thursday, June 26,1712 those Times, and ia that Part of the World, than have been setynth ever sine, “The Earth yas exrrely fri len lived generally on Basturage, which requires much shaller ‘umber of Hands thas Ageicaitre: Tage were fw feades 9 tinploy the base Par of Mankind, and fewer Artwand Sclsoes te give Work to Men of Speculative Tempers; and what isiore than al the ext the Pence was abwolte; go that when be ‘went to Was, he’put imal at tho Head of whole People [As we tind Semiramis lading her three Millons to the Wel, find yot overpowered by tho Nomber of ber Enemies. "Tis no Sronder, theteiore when she was a¢ Peace, and timed her ‘Thovghits on Buliding, that she. could accomplish so great ‘Work with auch a prodigious Meade of Labourer: Bades that her Climate, there was small Interuption of Frees fan Winters, which make the Northern Worktien ive half the Year idle. T'might mention toe, amoog the Benet of the Chinato, what Historian say of the Barth, tha it sweated out 4 Bicusien or natural kind of Mortar, whichis doubtles the {sme with that mentioned in Holy Writ as catsibuting to the Sept of Bae" Sin ey tad ead of Move a gypt we ail sea thet Pyramide, which anawer to the Descrptens that have been made of tens and T quanses ‘ot but a Traveler might nd oat some Remains ofthe Laby- $B ag cove le Prove, ath hundred ‘Temples disposed among itr several Quartets and Divisio, “Tle Wall of China ls One of thse Laster Pees of Magai- fioonce, which males a Figure even in the Map of the Werld, altho” an Account of it would bave been thought Fabulos, tere not the Wall eel sll extant. “We are obliged 9 Devotion for the noblest Buildings that have adorned he several Countries of the World Is thig tebich as vt Mon at work on Tempios and Publick Places of Worship, ot only that they might, by he Magnifcence of tre Bulag, invite the Delty so seatde within fe but that such eupendous Works might” atthe sume time, open the Mind b> ‘Vas Conceptions, and At it to converse with tue Divisty ot the Place. For every thing thats Majestic imprints an ‘Kwisiness and Reversnce of the Mind of the Beblder, ad strikes in with tho Natural Grestacss of the Sot. Tn the second place we are to consider Greatness of Manner in Architecture, which has such force upon the Inaiastion, that a smell Bailing, where sf appear hall give the Mod Eel Hm hen one ey cs the BA wh he Manner is ordinary or lea, ps, Man, would ave been more astonished, with ie Alajestick-Air"that ‘peared in one of Lysippur's Statues of lesander, tho" uo No.415. Thursday, June 26,1712 THE SPECTATOR 289 Digger than the Life, than be might have been with Mount “ios, bad it ben eut into the Figure of the Heros, according {& tho Proposal of Phidiae, with # River in one Hand, and a Gieyin the other, ‘Tot any one Feect on the Disposition of Mind he nds in imal," his Best Entrance isto the. Pantheon at. Koma, snd how his Imagination i filed with something Great and ‘Amazing: and, at the same time, consider how ley ia pro- Portion, hala aifectod with the Taside of a Gothick Cathedral, Tho i be live ines larger than the other; which can sree fort othing ese but the Greatness of the Manner ia the one, and ‘he Measnees in the other nave seen an Otvervation upon this Subjct in a French Author, which very much pleased me, it is a Monsieur rears Baal of tho Ancient and Modern Architectore, ‘hall give ie the Reader with the sme Terie of Art wich he has made uso of. T am absoroing anys he) a thing, Which tn ty Orion sy roan rosy that inh tame ty of Superfcies, the one Manned seems great and magne. Hoo, nd he torpor and rifing ta Beatles senda: onimon. say then, that 10 inieduce into drchiechre this Granivur of Manner, we ought so 0 proted, thatthe Division Of the Principal Moors. ofthe Ondor may consist of foo Pans, ha they be all great and of 2 bold and ample Relies, od Seaing: andthe Eye eho noting He an mea the Imagination may be more vigorousy touhad and affected with iha'Work thal stands Dofore 1.” For Example. In ¢ Comic ‘te Gola or Cymatum ofthe Corona, the Coping, the Moaiions or Dental, make a noble Show by their graceful Projections ite ae mone of that ordinary Confusion hich isthe Reval of ‘hose ile Caves, Quarto Rounds ofthe Astagal and f nos tet how many or interned Parr, whch dnc no Uifect sn road and masey Works, ad whch ery unproftay take Xt pics othe projudice of the Principal Member 16 most rian tat this Manner wil appear Solemn ad Great; as on the ‘onirary, that will have but a Poor snd mean pecs hers ere {ft Redundancy of hace smaller Ornaments, which dive ont Scation the Angles ofthe Sight ine sucha mane of Rays no >rossed together tht the whole wil appear but a Confusion “tng te igus in Arete here ar nono tht have's geater Ar than the Concave and the Conver, and ws find in all the Ancient and Modern Architecture, aswell in she emote Parts of China, anin Cooaties nearer how, that round Pillars and Vaulted Roafs make a great Part of those Buildings ‘which are designed for Pomp and Magniiceace. The Resse Tae to be, because in thee Figures we generally see more of 290 THE SPECTATOR No, 4x5. Thursday, June 26, 2722 {he Body, than in thw of ober Kinds | They ar, nde, sof Bodies, where the Eye may take in two Thirds of the Surface; but asin such Bodies the Sight must spit upon several Angles, it does not take in one uniform Ides, but ‘several Ideas of the samie kind, Look upon the Outside of a Dome, your Eye haf surounds it; look up nto th Taside and at one Glance you have all the Prospect of I; the lntire Con- ‘cavity falls into your Eye at once, the Sight beg aa the Center that collects and gathers into fe the Lines of the whole Circum- ference: In a Square Pillar, the Sight often takes in but & fourth Part of the Surface, and, ina Square Concave, must ‘ove up and down fo the diferent Sides, before itis Master of all the inward Surface,” For this Reaton, the Fancy is ar finitely more struck with the view of the open Air, and Skies, that passes through an. Arch, tan what comes’ through & ‘Square, or any other Figure. ‘The Figure of the Rainbow does not contribute les to i Magnifcence, than the Coloury to its Beauty, its very owticaly deserted by the Son of Sach Look isbon ihe Rainbow, and praise him that made it? very beautiful tis in te Brightnass: #1 encompascae the Heavens wilh @ glorious Circle, and the Hands of the most High have bended tt Having thus’ spoken of that Greatness which affects the Mind in Architecture, Tight next shew the Please thet rises i the Tinagination from what appears new and beautifal in ‘his Art; but as every Beholder has naturally a greater Taste of these two Perfections in every Building which oders it self ‘to his View, than of that which T have hitherto considered, I shall not trouble my Reader with any Reflections upon it. "Tt is euficient for my present Purpose, to observe, that there is nothing in this whole Are which pleases the Imagination, but as it Great, Uncommon, or Beautiful, ° No. 46. [ADDISOX Friday, June 27. stems hoc simile est ous, quod mente vdemus Leer. {ar fist divided the Pleasures of the Imagination, into euch as arse from Objects that are actually before our Byes, or that ‘once entered in at our Byes, and are afterwards called up into tthe Mind either barely by lis own Operations, or on occasion ‘of something without ts, as Statues, o Descriptions, " We have already considered the first Division, and shall therefore enter fon the other, which, for Distinction sake, I have called the Secondary Pleasures of the Imagination.” When Isay the eas. we receive from Statues, Descriptions, or such Uke No. 416, Friday, June 27,3712, THE SPECTATOR 291 Occasions; are the same that were once actually in our View, it ‘Bust not be understood that we hed ono seen the Very Pace ‘Keton, or Person which are carved of described. Tt is su Gent, that we have seen Place, Persons, of Actions in general, ‘which bear a Resemblance, of at least some remote Analogy Irth what we find represented, Sine iin the Powor of tho ‘Tmagination, when iis once Stocked with particular Tdeas, ‘rlatge, compound, and vary them acer own Plcasure “Among the dierent Iinds of Representation, Statuary i the sat natural, and shows us someting ltet tho Object that ic Fepresentod.' ‘To make use ofa comaon Tastanco, let one who sm Blind take an Tmage in his Hands, and trace out with Ms Fingers the lfrent. Purrows and. Tzapressions of the Bird i ean ane bow te Shope a. of ‘Bean, may be represented by fe; but should he dav his Haw ‘over Pcie, whee lis ernooth and woiform, he would never be'able to imagine how the several Prominonces and Depres. Sons ofa human Body could be shown on a plain Pisco of Ceres, that hes i i¢ no Unevenness oF Trogularty. De- “cnpiion rons yet further from the things it represents than Fainting; fora Piccure bears areal Resemblance tof Orginal, tvhich Letters and Syllables are wholly void of. Colours speal EI Languages, but’ Words are understood only by such a People er Nation. For this reagon, the. Men's Necessities ‘aulekly put them on finding out Specch, ‘Writing is probably fs Inter Invention than Painting ay we are told, {hat in America when the Spaniards frst arrived Chere, EX. ress were sent t0 the Emperor of Afesia in Palut and the Kitwe of his Country csinested by the Strokes of a Penel which was a more natal Way than that of Writing, tho" at The same time much more Imperiect, bocasse te impoeible 4p craw the ite connextons of Speech, or to give the Picture ‘fs Conjunction or an Aver, Ie wouid be ye: more strange, ‘to seprosent visible Objects by Sounds that have no Ideas Sinerad to them, and to make something like Description in Lusch, “Yet it's cortain, there may be confused, imperfect Notions of this Nature raed in tho Imagination by en Ari ficial Compostion of Notes and we find that great Master fhe Art are abla sometimes 0 set their Hearers inthe oat and try of a Batt to overcast their Minds with melancholy Scones and Apprebensions of Deaths and Funerals, or to lull thie into pleasing Dreams of Groves and Elsioms ‘tn all these Instance, this Secondary Pleasure of the Ima~ ination ‘rom that Acton of the Mind, which com: fparos the dean arising from. the Original Objects, with tho Fatas ‘we secaive from the Statue, Bicture, Deseiption, oF 292 THE SPECTATOR No. 416. Friday, June 27, 1712 Soand that represents them. It i imposible for us to give ‘he nocestary: Reason, why this Operation of the Mi Sttended with so much Pleasure, as Thave before observed om fhe same Occasion; but we And a great varity of entertain: ‘ents derived from this single Principe: For iti this that ot nly gives uo a Tui of Statuary, Painting and Descaption, ‘hu nines us delight i all ¢he Actions and Arts of Mimickry tis tis that make the soveral Kinde of Wit pleasant, which Consists, an I bave formerly shown, io the Adunity of Ideas: ‘Knd we may addy it lo this lso that raaca tho itle Sate- faction we sometimes Sind in the diffrent Sorts of false Wit; ‘whether it consist in the Aiinity of Letters, ar an Anagram, Ketone or of Sylinbiee as in Doggerel Rhimes, Heches: of at Word, n Puy, Gale oro « whale Sera of Poem, to Wings, and Altay. ‘The final Gaus, probably, of nnening Pleasure to this Operation of the itd, was t0 ‘Quicken and encourage usin our Searches after Truth, since Re Gltingulshing one thing fom another, snd the night di. fering betwixt our Ideas? depends wholly upom our com: purlag’ them togsther, aad observing the Congrity or Diz Egreement that sppeare among the several Works of Nature, But {hall here conde my, self to thos Pleanurs of the Imagination, which proceed fom Ident raised. by Words, ‘ects moet ofthe Observations that agro with Descriptions, Sie equally Applicable t9 Painting and Statuary ‘ards eel chen, Baro gate Force a hem, tat «a Description often gives us more ively Ideas than the Sight Gr Things themscives. "The Tender finda a Scene drewa in Stronger Colours, and painted more tothe Lif im his Tagiaa- Gon, by the help of Words, than by an actual Survey of the Stove wich they describe. Tn this Caso the Poot seems 0 fet tho better of Neture; he takes, indeed, the Landslap ater fcr, but give fe more vigorous Touches, heightens is Beauty, fed co enliveus the whole Pico, that the Images which ow Fro he-object enn apne weak and aig in Come parison of those that come from the Expresions. The Reason, ably, tay bo, because in the Survey of any- Object, we Eive on co much of fe painted on the Imagination, ab comes In le Bie bt ts Dept, the Pont gen ae a View of i as be pleases, and discovers to is several Part, {kat either we did Aot attend to, or that lay out of our Sight ‘when we fiat bebeld it. As wo look oa any Object, our Idea Ure i, perhaps, made up of two or three simple Tdeas but ‘Gen tbe Poct represents ie, be may elther give us a mere Complex ides of for only raise in uo such dees as fe most Spr fo adect the Taagiation. No. 416. Friday, June 27, 1712 THE SPECTATOR 293 year on i ein ene paiditinamrammiiceatie esses drndt conse ee ed SORSELSEREPS Si hats Wa ha 3 Sweater Liters le Sa Shanahan wt alee chy SE Se cr ee et toh ng Seas EC A hat RG Cia Jims SSS ie reaper seers Rea tht en ele ot sii Sens Gijeapsarer, SecSode Ae SES Shae ieee Mee dedi Sy aie rend ee THREE See SU Seale aren ea pac el SESS Sage sical acme Gen Aosta ti an Eaconara tiie, Mairedesenats naa epee ane Tite esd oe tee a ee Snecma ari tkia Sta APS, AAe gaan nepas se diats at email er ce SE StL mefhsmente hent d hoe HEGEL a eres ee Sue ig ie ea ache a Perfection. a0 No. 417. [ADDISON ‘emu, oman, uma "acento its one wider, Saturday, Jane 28. CS papa a imp, 6 Si une Topas eri peri Bi spseae nemerunt come agent deolo carne noble. Bor, We may observe, that any single Circumstance of what we have formerly seen often raises up a whole Scene of Imagery, td rates mens dee tat bore dep in te Fu: ‘such a particular Smell oF Colour is able to All the ‘Mind, on a sudden, with the Picture of the Fields or Gardens ‘where we frst met with it, and to bring up into View all the 29 THE SPECTATOR No, 417. Saturday, June 28, 2712 Variety of Images that once attended it. Our Imagination fates ‘the Hint, and leads us unexpectedly into Cities ot ‘Theatres, Plains oF Meadows," We may further observe, when the Fancy thus reflects on the Scones that have past ia It formerly, those, which were at frst pleasant to behold, appear more s9 upon Reflection, and that the Memory heightens the Delightfutness of the Original. A Cartesian would account {or Doth these Instances in the following Manner, “The Sett of Tdeas which we received from such a Prospect or Garden, having entred the Mind at the same time, have a Sett of Traces belonging to them in the Brain, bordering very neat lupon one another? when, therefore, any one of these Tdeas arises in the Tmagination, and consequently dispatches a fow fof Animal Spisits to its proper Trace, these. Spirits, in the Violence of their Motion, run aot only into the Trace, 4 which they were more particularly directed, but into several of those that lye abput it: By this means they awaken other Ideas of ‘the same Sett, which immediately determine a new Dispatch ‘of pints, but in the same manner open other Neighbouring ‘Traces, tit at last the whole Sate of them is blown up, and the whole Prospect or Garden flourishes in the Imagination. But ‘because the Pleasure we received from these Places far sore mounted, and overcame the litte Disagrecableness we found in them, for this Reason there was at frst a wider Passage worn in the Pleagure Traces, aud, on the contrary, # nazrow a fone in those which belonged to'the disagreeable Ideas, that they were quickly stopt up, and rendered incapable of receiving any Animal Spirits, and consequently of exciting any uae pleasaut Ideas in the Memory, ‘Te-vould be in vain to anquic, whither the Power of imagin- fing ‘Things strongly proceeds from any greater Perfection in the Soul, or from any nicer Texture ip the Brain of one Man than of another. "But this is certain, that a noble Writer Should’ be born with this Faculey in its fall Strength and Vigour, s0 as to be able to receive lively Ideas from outward Objects, to Tetain them long, and to range them together, upon ceasion, insuch Figures and Representations as are most likely to hit the Fancy of the Reader. A Poet should take a8 much Pains i forming his Imagination, asa Philosopher in ealtivat- ing his Understanding. He must gain a due Relish of the ‘Works of Nature, and be thoroughly conversant in the various Scenery of a Country Life, ‘When he is stored with Country Images, if he would go beyond Pastoral, and the lower kinds of Postry, he ought £2 acquaint himself with the Pomp and Magnifcence of Courts, He should be very well versed in every thing that fs noble and No.4u7. Saturday, June28, 1722 THE SPECTATOR 295 stataly in the Productions of Art, whether it appesrin Painting fr Statuary, in the great Works of Architecture which are i their present Glory, or ia the Ruins of those which flourished In former Ages Such Advantages as these help to open a Man's Thoughts, and to enlarge his Imagination, and wil therefore Bave fbaie Influence on all kinds of Writing, if the Author knows how to make right use of them. ‘And among those of the learned Languages who excel in this Talent, the most periect in thir several kinds, are perhaps Homer, Virgil, and Ovid. The fist strikes the Tinagination wonderfally with what is Great, the ‘ond with what is Beautifal, and the last with what's Strange, Reading the Iliad is like traveling through Country tn inhabited, where the Fancy is entertained with a. thoweand Savage Prospects of vast Desarts, wide uncultivated Marshes, ‘huge Forests, mishapen Rocks and Precipices. "On the con! trary, the Aeneid is like a well ordered Garden, where S¢ 13 Impossible fo find ou any Part unadorac, ov to at out Byee "upon a single Spot, that does not produce some beautiful Plant for Flower, But when wo ate in the Melamorplosis, We aro walking on inchanted Ground, and see nothing but Scones of Magici lying round us, “Homer isin his Province, when ho ig describing @ Rattel ora Multitude, a Heroe or @ God. Virgie never better pleca'd, {han whed he isin his Absium, or copying out an enteaiaiog iar" Homers Epis qin muro what's gent Visit wha gre thing canbe more Magaifcont than the Figaro Jupiter maken inthe int Thad, aoe move arming than thie of Vonus in he Ast dona 1H nal xvantgow én? gps vetve Kyosen “Aileen We npr Karis dx eavdrow ply 8 Dihger "ONpuner. Dist, 6 ermine rove carci sett: Amrovseue coma sina vrs olen Spicer ade vets deur ais Ev tor ince pat dos Homer's Persons aro most of them Godstke and Teribe: Virgil has scarce almitted say into his Poem, who ae beautiful, and has faken parielar Care to make hs Hosea Iumangu jucetae Parpurcin, & ace dou ftv honoes In a word, Homer fils his Readers with Sublime Zdse, and, T below, has raised the Imagination of all the good Poe that 296 THE SPECTATOR No. 417. Saturday, June 28, 1712 have come after him. T shall only instance Horace, who imme: diately takes Fire at the fret Hint of any Pascage in the iad ‘or Odgesee and always rites above bimealf, when he has Ffomer {i hie View... Ving has drawn together, into his Aeneid all the pleasing Scenes his Subject is capable of admitting, and in his Geoygies has given ws a Collection of the most delightful Landskips that can be made ont of Fields and Woods, Herds ia his Metamorphosis, has shewn us how the Tmagina- tion may be affected by what Is Strange. He describes a Miracle in every Story, and always gives us the Sight of some few Creature st the end of it.” His Art consists chiedy ia ‘welltiming his Description, before the first Shape is quite worn ‘Off, and the new one perfectly nished; so that he every where fentertaing ue with something wo never saw before, and shews Monster after Monater, to the end of the Metamorphosis, ET were to name a Poct thet is a perfect Master in all these ‘rts of working on the Imagination, T think Milion may pass for one? And 4f his Pavadise Lost falls short of the Aeneid or Iiiad in this respect, ie proceeds rather from the Fault of the Language in which it is waitwn, than from any Defect of Genius inthe Author,” So Divine @ Poem in English, is lke a ststaly Palace, built of Brick, whore one may see Architecture {in as great a Perfection asin one of Marble, tho’ the Materials tre of a coateer Natute. But to consider it only as it regards ‘our prevent Subject: What can be conceived greater than the Batiel of Angels, the Majesty of Messiah, the Stature and Behaviour of Saian and his Peers? What moro. beautiful than Pondaomontum, Paradise, Heaven, Angels, Adam and Eve? ‘What more strange, than the Creation ofthe World, the several ‘Metamorphoses of the fallen Angels, and the surprising Adven tures thar Leader meets with in his Search after Paradise? No other Subject could have furnished a Poet with Scenes s0 proper to strike the Imagination, as no other Post could have Dainted those Scenes in more strong and lively Colours. No. 418 [ADDISON] Monday, June 30. Ts Rena & rubs asper amamnum Vig. “Tux Pleasoves of these Secondary Views of the Imagination, are fa wider and more universal Nature than those it has when Joined with Sight; for not only what is Great, Strange or Beautifal, but any Thing that le Disagreeable when looked ‘upon, pleases us in an apt Description, “Here, therefore, we No. 38. Monday, June 30, 1712 THE SPECTATOR 297 smug enquire after « now Principle of Pleasure, which is Dothing de but tbe Action of the Mind, which cmpares the {Ideas that arae from Words, with the Tdcas thay ene rom ‘he Objects themtnves; and why this Operation ofthe Mind's sttended with so much Pleanute, we buve belore considered ‘For this Reason therfore, the Deseription of « Dunghil is Plcssng to the Inaginata, if the Intge be sepreseued (0 Str Musas by suitaie pressions: tho’ erhape, this may be tore propedy called the Pleasure of the Uaderianding than ‘of the Fancy berante we are noe s0 mach delighted with the ‘image that contained in the Description, ae withthe Apacs of the Deseiption to exeite the Tmage. But if the Description of what i Little, Common or De- formed, be accepable to the Tinagiation, the Deserpton of wrist fe rest; Surprising or Benut,is much, more eo; Trcause Nore we are not only lighted with comparing the ation with dhe Onigoal, But are highly pleased with he Onignal twat, Movt Render, I belive are ore chacmed trtn Mitiow’s Description of Paradise, that of Helly they are ‘oth, perbape, equally peroct in their ing, but in the one the Brinstone 20d Sulpter are at so reteshing wo the Tagina: tion, as the Beds of Flowers and the Wildefness of Sweets in ie othe, “hiere fs yet another Circumstance which recommends eseription ore than al the rt and cat i, ii represents fo us tuch Objects ax are ape forse a secret Ferme in the Mind of the Reader, and to work, with Vielence, upon Rig Basions, or, in this Case, we aro at once warmed ond calightened, 90 tat the Pleasrs besomes more Univeral, snd {Several ways qualied to entersia ua, The, in Paictng, {Ef pleastnt to look on the Pictare of any Face where ts [Resomblance i hit, but the Pleasure ineréaey, it it be the Bictare ef a Pace’ that beastfal and ie sil greases if de Beauty be soltencd with an Ar of Melancholy Se Sorrow ‘The two leading ‘ascions wich the more secous Pare of ‘Boctay endeavour to sr up in us, sre Terror and Pity, And fee, by the way, one would wonder how i come to pa, that fk Fain a at very wppinast wal otter tinh re ‘ery agrotble when exalted Uy proper Deeeripeons, Tes aot Hiange, that we should take Delight in sock Dassages at ere Spe produce Hope, Joy, Aduisadon, ‘Love; of the ike ‘Ehotions im, beens they never ae ia the Mind without an inward Plesure which atfeads them’ Bat how come to puss that wo should take delight in belagtorited or deferbed Sys Derpton, when we find ao much Uneasingse inthe Fear oF Greg wilen we roaive trom any other Occasion? 298 THE SPECTATOR No. 438, Monday, June 30, 1712 Hf Ste consider, therefore, the Nature of this Pleasure, we shall End that ie does not atte a0 property from the Description of what ig Terrible as from the Redocton wo make om oat Selves atthe time ofzeadingit. When we look on rach hideous ojocts, we are nota litle pleased to think we ae in no Danger ff thom, "We conser thom at he same time, ae Dreadful abd Harmless; go that the move feghtfal Appearance they make, the prea the Pleanure we mtive howtos Saume of ur Salsty. Tn shore, we look upon the Terrors of Description, ‘with tho same Carosity and Satistaction ‘tat we survey © ead Monster. Informe eadaoer ‘oivahitr’snequcunt exper eorda tuondo opbstes culos, eultem,elougue sae Pactora conifer, aie etinctosJawcibus ines Vig. It is for the same Reason that we are delighted with the - Iecting upon Dangers thet are past or in looking on a Precipice Set dittnce, witch would di'ts wide dies: Lod of Horroar, if we mar it hanging over our Heads Ta the like manner, shen we read of Torments, Wounds, eats, and the like dismal Accidents, our Pleasure does not foweso properly from the Grief which sch melancholy Desct tone give os, as Srom the secret Comparison which we between our selves and the Person who suifem Such opr: ‘Sncations tach ust ota just Value upon or own Condon, fd makes us prize our good Fortune, which exempts us fom {is ke Calannities, ‘Tins, however, such a ind of Pleasure fr we are not capable of receiving, when we seo a Person Sctually Iying under the Tortores that we mest with fas ‘Description; Bosaso, fn this Case, the Objoct press too close spon our Seases, and bests no hard pon oe, hat it does not thee us Time or Lagute to rellect on ourselves. Out Thoughts Srv ap intent upon tho Miserios of tho Suflerer, thet we eatnot fara them upon our own Happiness.” Wheteas, oa the con ary, we consider the Misfortunee wo readin History” or Foctiy, either as past, or as fetitouy, eo that the Reflection Spon Gur asives Hees fo us ineonsibiy, and over-beats the ‘Sherow we coneive forthe Suferinge ofthe Aficed "But because the Mind of Man requires something more perfect in Matter, chan what it ne ther, and can never moot test any Sight in Natore which saticiently answers is highest Tueas of Plessantness; on, in other Words, because the las fimation can fancy to ie fll Things more Grest, Strange, or SESctiul, than the Eye ever sam and i tl sensible of shone Defect in what it has seen: on this accoune i fe the part of 4 No, 418. Monday, June 30, 1712 THE SPECTATOR 299 Poot to humour the Imagination in its own Notions, by mend- ing and porfocting Natore where he describes a Realty, and by adding greater Beanies than are put together in Nature, where be describes » Fiction. "fe is not obliged to attend her in the slow Advances which she makes from one Season to another, of to observe het Com. duct in the suocessive Production of Plants and Flowers, He Say draw into his Desctption all the Beauties of the Spring nd Avtumn, and make the whole Year contsibute something to sender it the more agroble, - His Tows-rees, Wood-bines and. Jesmines may flower together, and his Beds be covered St tl same tine with Lilies, Violets and Amarnath. His Soils oot restrained to any partcolar Sot of Panta, but is per either for Oaks of Mics, aad adapts it self to the Predicts of every Climate, Oranges may grow wild ia Myath may be met with im every Hedge, and Hf bo thinks proper to have a Grove of Sposs, he can quleKly command Sun Enough to ruse fall sis will not fornish out an agreeable ‘Scone, he can make several now Species of Flower, with sicher Sceuts and higher Colours than any that grow in to Gardens of Nature, His Consorts of Birds may be as fall and age ‘oniows, and bis Woods as thick and gloomy’ ato pleases, He [Bat uo more Expenee in a long Vista, than a short one, and ‘Ca os eally throw his Cascadoa fom a Precipice of Bal Mile Higa os from ono of twenty Wards, He has his Choice of the ‘Winds, and can torn the Coro of bis Rivers in ll to varity of Meadors, that are most deightfl to the Reader's Imaging” tion. "ina Word, be han the modeling of Nature sa hi own Hands, and may give her what Charms he pease, provided Ihe does not reform her foo much, and ran into Abracditis, by endeavouring t0 excel, 8 No. 419 [ADDISON] ‘Tuesday; July 1 ‘Twune is a kind of Writing, wherein the Post quite loses sight of Nature, and entertaing his Nader's Imagination with the Characters and Actions of such Persons ae have many of them ‘00 Existence, but what he bestows on them. Sach aze Fairies, Witches, Magicians, Demons, and departed Spirits, This Mr. Dryden calls the Fairy Way of Writing, which is, indeed, more

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