Running Head: DIGITAL MODULATION TECHNIQUE 1

DIGITAL MODULATION TECHNIQUE USED IN AIRCRAFT COMMUNICATIONS

Name

Institution
DIGITAL MODULATION TECHNIQUE 2

INTRODUCTION

Communication is the most important attraction for mankind. In this technological world,

almost every technology has incorporated the function communication. Modulation technique is

also considered as a communication technique with strong signal strength. When the strength of

the signals is increased, it refers to the technique of modulation. In the aircraft industry, a

modulation technique is used because aircraft communication needs more strength of signals as

compared to other devices. As compared to other communication wireless system process of

modulation is a more significant way of transferring data through wireless signals. In today

digital era, the modulation is getting more critical than ever. The most important function

performed by the modulation today is the squeezes of data into a low volume of the spectrum.

Spectral efficiency is the main objective of modulation which provides clear evidence of fast

data transmit in less possible assigned bandwidth. The unit of measure for the modulation is bits

per second per Hz. In the recent time, multiple techniques are used to improve spectral efficiency

(George, Mustafa, Osman, Ahmed, & Hamed, 2014) . In the case of “Aircraft Communication

Addressing and Reporting System,” it is considered as a digital link between the transmission

system and the message. It facilitates the short message between the airband radio and satellite

with the ground authorities. This research paper will demonstrate the ACARS and modulation

stimulation in aircraft.

ACARS MESSAGE CONTENT

ACARS sent a message in three types. This message content includes Aeronautical

Operational Control, Air traffic control, and Airline Administrative control. ATC message

mainly includes the clearance message from the aircraft at the time of landing. This massage

mainly used at the time of Pre-Departure. These messages are directly linked with the
DIGITAL MODULATION TECHNIQUE 3

“Controller Pilot Data Link Communication”. On the other side, AOC and AAC messages are

used to communicate between the aircraft and its base. This message might be considered of

standard form or defined by the users (Barnela, 2014).

ACARS SYSTEM UTILIZATION FOR AIRCRAFT

ACARS was developed to maintain the communication between the ground and aircraft. This

system is considered as the most advanced form of the communication.

Equipment in the Air Crafts

In the aircraft, the equipment of the ACARS is considered as a management unit or

“Communication Management Unit”. These functions are only responsible for all kind of data

transfer from externally and in some advanced system it also facilitates the internal
DIGITAL MODULATION TECHNIQUE 4

communication. The crew of the flight access the system of ACARC by using CDU. This system

is the much more advanced system (Lin, Lv, Xu, Lin, & Engineering, 2014).

The Service Provider

For the movement of messages “Data Link Service Provider” is responsible. In this

communication radio link is used to maintain a link with the routing system of the ground.

ACARS transmitting the signals by using one of the three procedures. These procedures include

 VDL or VHF which is considered as limited line of sight

 SATCOM, not working at the polar regions

 HFDL or HF which is designed especially for the polar regions

The processing system at ground

The ground system is responsible for all kind of communication with the Aircraft. This

system is participating with the aircraft operators or ANSP. Operators of aircraft utilize the

functions of DSP or a separate entity service providers. During the modulation, the self-

generated messages are also configured with message type as they are automatically delivered to

the appropriate recipients. The ground system is also responsible for the correct management of

the information for the air crafts.

ROLES OF ACARS IN THE ACCIDENTS AND INCIDENTS

In 2009, after the crash of Air France, ACARS systems was upgraded to “online black box”.

It helps to reduce the loss of information during the accidents and incidents. The crash of 2014

when Malaysian airline disappears during the flight. The satellite communication of the ACARC

played a vital role during the trace activity for Malaysian airline. During the flight, the primary

ACARS system is switched off after which the Second ACARS system called “Classic Aero” is

used to identify the plan.

DIGITAL MODULATION TECHNIQUE 5

CONCLUSION
The role of perfect communication is very important for the air crafts. It is observed that

most of the accident in the airline field are due to the miss communication. The development of

ACARC is very significant because it helps the fluent flow of information during the journey of

aircraft. Most of the researchers investigate that modulation in the aircraft help in the

development of ACRAC system. Nowadays aircraft companies are incorporating new

technologies in the aircraft to minimize the risk of miss-communication during the journey.
DIGITAL MODULATION TECHNIQUE 6

References

Barnela, M. (2014). Digital Modulation Schemes Employed in Wireless Communication : A

Literature review, 2(2), 15–21.

George, J. J., Mustafa, M. H., Osman, N. M., Ahmed, N. H., & Hamed, D. M. (2014). A Survey

on Visible Light Communication. International Journal of Engineering and Computer

Science, 3(2), 3905–3908. Retrieved from http://ijecs.in/issue/v3-i2/15 ijecs.pdf

Lin, Y., Lv, C., Xu, X., Lin, B., & Engineering, C. (2014). An Improved Method of

Demodulation for Air-Ground Data Link Communication System. International Journal of

Future Generation Communication and Networking, 7(2), 1–8.