School of Electrical Engineering, Electronics Engineering,

and Computer Engineering

EE153L – ENERGY CONVERSION LABORATORY

NAME OF STUDENT: DATE SUBMITTED:

Pelayo, Jason Cris A. October 17, 2019

EXPERIMENT NUMBER AND TITLE EVALUATOR:

THE DC SHUNT GENERATOR JESUS MARTINEZ JR.

Poor Fair Good Very Good Excellent

Criteria (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) Score

A. Completeness The laboratory report The laboratory report The laboratory report The laboratory report The laboratory report
and organization is untidy, did not follow is untidy, followed the is neat, followed the is neat, followed the is very neat, well
of the Experiment the given format, given format, some given format, some given format, no presented, followed
some parts are parts are missing, parts are missing, missing parts, and the given format,
Laboratory missing, most most questions are not mostly questions are only a few questions organized, and the
Report questions are not answered. not answered. are not answered. required content is
answered. complete.

The result, gathered The result is correct, The result and The result and The result, gathered
data, and answers to however, gathered gathered data were gathered data were all data, and answers to
questions were all data, and answers to correct, however, correct, and most of questions are all
incorrect. If data questions were all answers to questions the answers to correct. If data sheets
B. Correctness of sheets are required incorrect. If data were all incorrect. If questions are all are required in the
in the experiment, sheets are required data sheets are correct. If data sheets experiment, data
the gathered data
they are not used. in the experiment, required in the are required in the sheets are fully
and answers to data sheets are used experiment, data experiment, data consulted and correct
questions. but wrong data are sheets are consulted sheets are consulted data are used in the
used in the but some of the data but with few wrong tabulation or
computation or used are wrong. data used in the computation.
tabulated. computation or
tabulation.

The interpretation of The interpretation of The interpretation of The interpretation of The interpretation of
data and discussion data and discussion data and discussion data and discussion data and discussion
C. Interpretation of were not based on the were based on the were based on the were based on the were based on the
data and result and data result and data result and data result and data result and data
discussion gathered during the gathered during the gathered during the gathered during the gathered during the
experiment. experiment, but does experiment, and experiment, and experiment and are
not present clarity. somehow presents mostly presents clarity. presented very clearly.
clarity.
The conclusion was The conclusion was The conclusion was The conclusion was The conclusion was
not based on the based on the based on the based on the based on the
D. Conclusion objectives and all objectives but not all objectives and few of objectives and most of objectives and all of
ideas are not coherent of the ideas are the ideas are coherent the ideas are coherent the ideas are coherent
or clear. coherent nor clear. but not too clear. and clear. and presented very
clearly.
The words used were The words used were The words used were The words used were The words used were
not appropriate, had somehow appropriate, appropriate, had good appropriate, had very appropriate, had
poor grammar, had had good grammar, grammar, had good good grammar, had excellent grammar,
E. Use of Language bad sentence had good sentence sentence construction very good sentence had excellent
construction and ideas construction and not and few of the ideas construction and sentence construction
were not clearly all ideas were clearly were clearly almost all of the ideas and all of the ideas
expressed. expressed. expressed. were clearly were clearly
expressed. expressed.
The laboratory report The laboratory The laboratory report The laboratory report The laboratory report
F. Promptness was submitted two or report was submitted was submitted three to was submitted one to was submitted on
more weeks late. one week late. six days late two days late. time.

AVERAGE: (A+B+C+D+E+F)/6
 III. Final Data Sheet
RUN I
Increasing Field Current Decreasing Field Current

Field Current Output Voltage

I f (mA) EG (V)
0 0V
10 4V
20 8V
40 20 V
60 28 V
80 40 V
100 50 V
120 58 V
140 68 V
160 76 V
180 -
200 -
220 -
240 -
250 -
Field Current
I f (mA)
250 -
240 -
220 -
200 -
180 -
160 75 V
140 70 V
120 61 V
100 53 V
80 44 V
60 34 V
40 22 V
20 11 V
10 5V
0 0V

RUN II

Run II Trial Output Output Field Rev/min

Voltage V L Current I L Current I f
1 90 V 0 mA 200 1500
Separately 2 78 V 0.22 200 1500
 Excited 3 76 V 0.25 200 1500
Shunt 4 74 V 0.27 200 1500
Generator 5 72 V 0.29 200 1500
6 70 0.38 200 1500
7 68 V 0.41 200 1500

% Voltage Regulation = 7.14%

Run III
Run III Trial Output Output Field Rev/min
Voltage V L Current I L Current I f
1 71 V 0 mA 125 1500
Self- 2 70 V 90 107 1500
Excited 3 68 V 130 101 1500
Shunt 4 63 V 135 100 1500
Generator 5 60 V 155 95 1500
6 58 V 180 87 1500
7 56 V 210 84 1500
8 55 230 79 1500
9 4 8V 250 73 1500

%Voltage Regulation = 136.84%

 Guide Questions
1. Why is it important to obtain the open circuit characteristics of a DC shunt generator?
The open circuit characteristic of a DC generator shows the variation of generated emf on no load with
field current for different fixed speeds of the armature.

2. The equation for no-load voltage of a shunt generator is E=k ∅ n where E the no-load voltage, ∅ is the
flux per pole and n is the armature in rpm. What does the constant k represent?
K is the total number of conductors

3. Explain why the flux per pole is not a linear function of the field current.
With the presence of both hysteresis and saturation effects in the iron of the machine makes the flux per
pole not linear.

4. Why is it important to maintain the speed n when obtaining the open circuit characteristics of a shut
generator?
It is important to maintain the speed make the curve of the open circuit characteristic suffer

5. The voltage e T when the field current is zero is due to the so-called residual flux or residual magnetism.
What is residual magnetism and how was it formed?
Residual magnetism is the magnetization left behind in a ferromagnetic material
after an external magnetic field is removed.

6. The curve for increasing values of field current will not coincide with the curve for decreasing values.
This failure to retrace flux paths is hysteresis. What is hysteresis and how does it occur?
Hysteresis is losses occurs in the core. Hysteresis losses occur in the armature
winding due to reversal of magnetization of the core.
 7. What could cause failure of voltage buildup on starting to occur in self excited shunt generator? How
can this problem be remedied?
The start of the buildup process needs some residual magnetism in the magnetic
circuit of the generator. If the is little or no residual magnetism because of
inactivity, no voltage will be induced that can produce field current. one of the
solution is to connect the field coils to a dc source for a short while to magnetize
the poles.

Interpretation of Results

In the first part of the experiment, the increasing field current constitutes to an increasing output voltage
because the increase in field current produces an increase in the magnetic field strength of the electromagnets
and if the magnetic field strength increases, the output voltage also increases based from the formula:
N ∅ PZ
EG =
60 a

Where ∅ is the magnetic field strength. In other words, the field current is directly proportional to the magnetic
field strength and magnetic field strength is directly proportional to the output voltage or the generated voltage.
Therefore, it means that the field current and the output voltage are directly proportional to each other as well.
Contrary to the discussion, in the decreasing field current, it was observed that the output voltage also decreased
with respect to the decrease in the field current.

In the second part of the experiment, in the separately excited shunt generator, the N or the rev/min and field
current is kept constant. As the V L vs I L characteristic of the generator represents, the maximum load voltage or
terminal voltage was generated when there is no load connected to the terminal of the generator. However,
when the output current or the load current continues to increase, the output voltage decreases because they are
inversely proportional. Also, due to the armature reaction which are the demagnetizing effect and the cross
demagnetization of the magnetic field, the output voltage decreases as the load current increases.

Lastly, in the self-excited shunt generator, as the response of the generator earlier, the maximum output voltage
is generated when the load current is zero or in other words, when there is no load. The N or the rev/min is
again kept constant. In this case, the summation of the load current and the field current is the armature current
because it is a self-excited generator. When the field current is in a maximum level, the output voltage is also at
maximum as said earlier and it occurs when no load is applied at the terminal of the generator but when there is
a load applied in the output terminal, it draws current that results to a decrease in the field current, that’s why
the voltage generated in the armature also decreases.
Conclusion

 Whenever a conductor is moved within a magnetic field in such a way that the conductor cuts across
magnetic lines of flux, voltage is generated in the conductor.
 The amount of voltage generated depends on: the strength of the magnetic field, the angle at which the
conductor cuts the magnetic field, the speed at which the conductor is moved and the length of the
conductor within the magnetic field.
 In a shunt generator, the field coils consist of many turns of small wire and are connected across the
output voltage of the armature.
 As the field current increases, the magnetic field strength or increases as well. Thus, direct
proportionality is evident for the field current and the output voltage.
 In a separately-excited generator, an output voltage increase is proportional to an increase in the
armature speed.
 Self-excited generators have field magnets that are energized by the current produced by the generators
themselves. Due to residual magnetism, there is always present flux in the poles.
 The total of the load current and the field current is equal to the armature current.
 The output voltage is at maximum when the field current is at maximum level as well. However, when
there is a load applied in the output terminal, there will be a decrease in the field current.