Name of Work : Widening, Strengthening & Construction of C.C.

Pavement on Kalwar- Jobner-Pachkodiya-Kuchaman-Nagaur Roa

(SH-2C) Km. 50/0 to 68/0 (from 4.00 to 7.00mtr width)
(Patchkodiya, 50/0- Manda Bhim Singh, 57/500 -Bhaislana, 60/800 -Bhadwa, 65/0 -

CONCRETE PAVEMENT DESIGN

(As per IRC :58-2002)
Step -1 Design Parameters:
(a) Location of Pavement : Uttar pradesh
Class of Road : village road
Concrete Grade (fck) = : M-20
Charaterstic strength of Concrete Grade (f ck) = M-20 N/mm2
(b) Corresponding Flexural Strength of Concrete(fcr) = : 31 kg/cm2
(c) CBR value of soil subgrade of Pavement = : 5%
(d) Modulus of elasticity of Concrete (E) 300000 kg/cm2
(e) Poisson's Ratio of Concrete (m) : 0.15
(f) Coefficient of thermal expansion of concrete (a) : 1E-05 /oC
(g) Design Tyre Pressure : 8 kg/cm2
(h) Contraction joint spacing (L) : 3.00 metres
(i) Lane Width (W) : 3.00 metres
(j) Present Traffic Intensity : 1437 CVPD
(k) 98th Percentile load = : 16 tonnes
(l) Wheel load (P) = : 8 tonnes
(m) Design Life : 15 Years
(n) Traffic Growth rate (r) = : 7.50%
(o) Axle load spectrum as per axle load survey
Single axle loads Tandem axle loads

Axle Axle
load % of axle load % of axle
class (t) loads class (t) loads
19-21 0.60 34-38 0.10
17-19 1.20 30-34 0.30
15-17 4.20 26-30 0.60
13-15 6.20 22-26 1.00
11-13 18.40 18-22 1.20
9-11 15.40 14-18 1.80
Less than 9 37.00 Less than 14 2.00
Total = 83.00 Total = 7.00
DESIGN
1 Subgrade & Subbase :
The CBR value of soil subgrade of pavment base (%) = 5
Corresponding Modulus of Subgrade reaction of the sub grade (K) (Table-2, IRC 58) = 4.20 kg/cm2/cm
As the modulus of subgrade reaction is less than 6, so
Provide DLC /PCC sub base layer
Effective k- value (kg/cm2/cm) over 100mm DLC = 16.6 kg/cm2/cm

2 Cummulative repetitions in design life =

C = [365 x A x {(1+r)n -1}] / r
C = [ 365 x 1437 x {(1 + 0.075 )^15 -1}] / 0.075 13699213 CVs
Design Traffic = 25% of total repitition of commercial vehicles
= 25% of 13699213 3424803 CVs
 3 Total repititions of single axle & tandom axle loads are as follows :
Single axle loads Tandem axle loads

Axle Axle
load % of axle load % of axle
class (t) loads class (t) loads
20 20549 36 3425
18 41098 32 10274
16 143842 28 20549
14 212338 24 34248
12 630164 20 41098
10 527420 16 61646
Less than 10 1267177 Less than 16 68496

Step -3 Load stress for edge region :

Select tentative design thickness of pavement slab
h 35.00 cms.
Road Classification ODR
Load Safety factor (LSF) = 1.20
Effective k- value (kg/cm2/cm) over 100mm DL 16.60 kg/cm2/cm
Corresponding Flexural Strength of Concrete(f cr) = 31.00 kg/cm2
l = [ Eh / {12(1-m )K}]
3 2 1/4
= 90.15 cms.
a = (0.8521 (P/qp ) +S/p (P/(0.5227 x q))0.5)0.5 26.51 cms.
=a/h = 0.76 i.e. less than 1.725 then
b= (1.60 a + h )
2 2 1/2
-0.675h 24.85 cms.
sle =0.529 P/h2 ( 1+ 0.54m) [ 4 log10 l/b +log10 b -0.4048)

Stress from
Design Westergua Stress Expected
Axle load load rd Eqn. Ratio ripitition Fatigue life
(AL) tonnes (AL x LSF) (kg/cm2) (SR) (n) (N) Fatigue life Consumed = (5) / (6)
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Single axle
20.00 24.00 18.09 0.580 20549 53937 0.3810
18.00 21.60 16.28 0.530 41098 229127 0.1794
16.00 19.20 14.47 0.470 143842 5202474 0.0276
14.00 16.80 12.66 0.410 212338 Infinite 0.0000 SR<0.45
12.00 14.40 10.85 0.350 630164 Infinite 0.0000 N= Unlimimted
10.00 12.00 9.04 0.290 527420 Infinite 0.0000 0.45 < SR < 0.55

Tandem axle N = [ 4.2577 / (SR-0.4325)]3.268

36.00 43.20 16.28 0.530 3425 229127 0.0149 SR>0.55
32.00 38.40 14.47 0.470 10274 5202474 0.0020 Log10N =(0.9718-SR)/0.0828
28.00 33.60 12.66 0.410 20549 Infinite 0.0000
24.00 28.80 10.85 0.350 34248 Infinite 0.0000
20.00 24.00 9.04 0.290 41098 Infinite 0.0000
16.00 19.20 7.24 0.230 61646 Infinite 0.0000
Cummulative fatigue life consumed = 0.6049

As the Cummulative fatigue life is < 1, the Design is safe from fatugue considerations
Step -4 Temperature stress for edge region :
(a) for Uttar pradesh Region Dt = 15.8 oC
(b) l = [ Eh3 / {12(1-m2)K}]1/4 = 90.15 cms.
for L/l = 3.328
CL = 0.262
for W/l = 3.328
CW = 0.262
C max 0.262
ste = (EaDt /2) . C = 6.21 kg/cm2

Step -5 Residual Cocrete Strength for Supporting Traffic Loads

fL = fR - ste 24.79 kg/cm2
Which is more than 18.09 kg/cm2 the maximum load stress at highest axle load, hence o.k

Step -8 Corner Load stress

Radius of relative stiffness (l)
l = [ Eh3 / {12(1-m2)K}]1/4 = 90.15 cms.

Radius of area of contact of wheel (a) =

C/C distance between two tyres = 31.00 cms
a = [0.8521 x (P/(q x 3.14) +(S /3.14)x(P/(0.5227xq)^ 0.5]0.5 26.52 cms
stc = 3P /h2 [ l -{a(2)1/2}1.2/l]

stc = 12.75 kg/cm2

< fR hence, O.K.
DESIGN OF JOINTS
DESIGN OF DOWEL BARS
DESIGN PARAMETERS
Design Wheel Load (P): 98th percentile load 16 tonne
therefore wheel load = 8 tonne (dual wheel load)
Percentage of load transfer through dowel bar = 40%
Slab thickness (h) 35 cm
Joint width, z 2.0 cm
Radius of relative stiffness, l 90.15 cm
Permissibile bearing stress in concrete, F b =
Fb = [(10.16 - b) fck] / 9.525 =
where, fck = characterstic compresive strength of concrete cube = M-20 N/mm2
or 200 kg/cm2
b = diameter of dowel bar = 32 mm (as per table 8 of IRC-58)
hence,
Fb = [(10.16 - 3.2) x 200] / 9.525 = 146 kg/cm2
Assumed spacing between dowel bars = 300 mm (as per table 8 of IRC-58)
First dowel is palced at a distance of 15cm from the pavement edge
Assumed length of dowel bar 500 mm (as per table 8 of IRC-58)
Dowel bars upto a distance of 1.0 x radius o relative stiffness from point o load application are effective in load transfer.
Nos. of dowel bars involved in load transfer, when wheel load is just over the dowel bar close to the edge of slab
= 1 + l / spacing = 1 + 90.15 / 30 = 4 dowels
Assuming that the load tansferred by the first dowel is = P t
and
 load on dowel at a disance l from the first dowel to be zero,
then,
the total load transferred by dowel system =

Pt [ 1+( 90.15 -30 )/ 90.15+( 90.15 -60 )/ 90.15]= 2.00 Pt

Load carried by outer dowel bar (Pt) = 40% of design wheel load/ 2= 1600.00 kg
Check for Bearing Stress
Moment of Inertia of Dowel bar = p b4/64 = 5.15 cm4
Relative stiffnes of dowel bar embedded in concrete, b

b = [kb/(4EI)]0.25 =[41500 x 3.2 /( 4x 2000000 x 5.15 )]^0.25= 0.238

Bearing stress in dowel bar = (P t x k) x (2+bz)/4b3EI)

=1600 x 41500 x (2+0.238 x 2)/(4 x 0.238^3 x 2000000 x 5.15)= 296 kg/cm2
< 146kg/cm2 (allowable bearing stress), h

DESIGN OF TIE BARS

Design Parameters
Slab thickness, h 35 cm
Lane Width, b 3.00 m
Coefficient of Friction, f 1.5
Density of Concrete, kg/m 3
2400 kg/m3
Allowable tensile stress in plain bars (IRC:21-2000) ###
Allowable tensile stress in deformed bars (IRC:21-2000) ###
Allowable bond stress in plain tie bars ###
Allowable bond stress in deformed tie bars ###
Diameter of Tie bar, d 12 mm
Type of Tie Bar (Plain / Deformed) Deformed bars
Spacing & Length of Tie Bar
Area of steel bar per metre width of joint to resist the frictional force at slab bottom
As = bfW/S
where,
As =area of steel in cm2 / metre width of joint
b = lane width in metre
f = coeff. Of friction between pavement & sub base/base (usually 1.5)
W=weight of slab in kg/m2
S =allowable working stress of steel in kg/cm2

As = 3 x 1.5 x 0.35 x 2400/2000 1.89 cm2/m

Cross sectional area of tie bar, A = =1.2^2 x 3.14 / 4 1.13 cm2

Perimeter of tie bar, P = =1.2 x 3.14 3.77 cm
Spacing of tie bars = A/As =100 x 1.13 /1.89 59.79 cm
Provide tie bars of 12mm dia @ 50cm c/c
Length of tie bar, L

L = 2SxA/(BxP)
where,
L=lengthof tie bar, cm
S=allowable working stress in steel, kg/cm2
A=x-sextional area of one tie bar, cm2
 P=perimeter of tie bas, cm
B= permissible bond stress of concrete, kg/cm2 (17.5/24.6)

L = 2 x 2000x1.13/(24.6x3.77) 48.74 cm
Increase the length by 10cm for loss of bond due to painting & another 5cm for tolerence in placement
Therefore, the length is
48.74 +10.0 + 5.0 63.74 cm
Provide tie bars of 12mm dia of length 70cm each