Cambridge Assessment International Education

Cambridge Ordinary Level

* 2 4 2 0 2 0 3 9 7 0 *

BANGLADESH STUDIES 7094/02

Paper 2 Environment and Development of Bangladesh May/June 2019
1 hour 30 minutes
Candidates answer on the Question Paper.
No Additional Materials are required.

READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST

Write your centre number, candidate number and name in the boxes above.
Write in dark blue or black pen.
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Do not use staples, paper clips, glue or correction fluid.
DO NOT WRITE IN ANY BARCODES.

Write your answer to each question in the space provided.

If additional space is required, you should use the lined page at the end of this booklet. The question number(s)
must be clearly shown.

Answer three questions.

You are advised to spend about 30 minutes on each question.
The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part question.

This document consists of 27 printed pages and 1 blank page.

DC (CE) 181758
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Answer three questions.

1 (a) Study Fig. 1.1, a map showing the location of hills in Bangladesh.

N
0 50 100
km

Key
hills

Fig. 1.1

(i) Use Fig. 1.1 to describe the location of the hill areas in Bangladesh.

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(ii) What are the main physical characteristics of the hill areas of Bangladesh?

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(b) Study Fig. 1.2, a diagram which shows a lowland river and delta.

distributaries

Key
labelled features
delta
oxbow lake
distributaries
meander
flood plain

Fig. 1.2

(i) Complete the diagram by adding the labels from the key in the correct place, on Fig. 1.2.
One has been completed for you. [4]

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(ii) Explain how a delta is formed.

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(iii) Name two large rivers which join together to form the Bengal Delta.

1 ........................................................................................................................................

2 .................................................................................................................................. [2]

(c) Inland fishing accounts for 70% of the total annual fish production in Bangladesh. The other
30% is marine fishing.

(i) Complete Fig. 1.3, to show the percentage of each type of fishing.

Key

inland

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 marine

%
[2]

Fig. 1.3

(ii) Suggest two reasons why there are large numbers of fish in the Bay of Bengal.

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(d) Study the two statements below.

A  ‘Using  more  large  mechanised  fishing  boats  (trawlers)  is  the  best  way  to  increase  fish 
production in Bangladesh.’

B  ‘Developing  aquaculture  (fish  farming)  is  the  best  way  to  increase  fish  production  in 
Bangladesh.’

(i) Give one piece of evidence which supports statement A.

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(ii) Give one piece of evidence which supports statement B.

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(iii) Which statement do you agree with the most? Give reasons for your answer.

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[Total: 25]

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2 (a) Study Fig. 2.1, which shows the summer monsoon.

60°N

40°N
998mb
LOW
23½°N

0°

23½°S
HIGH
1018 mb
40°S

Key
Pressure
Winds
systems

Fig. 2.1

(i) What is a monsoon climate?

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(ii) Use Fig. 2.1 to help you explain why heavy rain occurs in summer in Bangladesh.

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(b) Study Fig. 2.2, which shows the climate in Rajshahi.

40

30

20
temperature
(°C)
10

300 0

250

200
rainfall
(mm) 150

100

50

0
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

Fig. 2.2

(i) How does the temperature in Rajshahi change over the year?

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(ii) Complete the rainfall bars for Rajshahi on Fig. 2.2, using the data from Table 2.1.
January to June have been completed for you. [3]

Table 2.1
Rajshahi rainfall (mm)

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
10 15 25 40 130 270 300 260 235 110 15 5

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(c) Study Fig. 2.3, which shows drought areas in Bangladesh.

N
0 50 100
km

Key
severe drought

moderate drought

Fig. 2.3

(i) What is meant by the term severe drought?

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(ii) Use Fig. 2.3 to describe the location of areas of severe drought in Bangladesh.

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(iii) What are the main causes of drought?

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(d) One effect of drought is rural to urban migration. Describe other push factors that cause
people to leave the Bangladesh countryside and move to cities.

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(e) Study the statement below.

‘The  climate  of  Bangladesh  brings  not  only  damaging  droughts  but  also  the  life-giving 
monsoon to rural areas.’

(i) Give one piece of evidence to support the view that droughts cause problems for rural
areas in Bangladesh.

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(ii) Give one  piece  of  evidence  to  support  the  view  that  the  monsoon  ‘gives  life’  to  rural 
areas in Bangladesh.

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(iii) In  your  opinion,  are  the  benefits  of  the  life-giving  monsoon  greater  than  the  problems 
caused by drought? Give reasons for your answer.

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[Total: 25]

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3 (a) Study Fig. 3.1, which shows the location of coal mining areas and the Sundarbans mangrove
forest in Bangladesh.

N
0 50 100
km

Key
Sundarbans mangrove forest

coal mining areas

Fig. 3.1

(i) Use Fig. 3.1 to describe the distribution of coal mining areas in Bangladesh.

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(ii) What is coal used for in Bangladesh?

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(b) (i) Use Fig. 3.1 to help you describe the location of the Sundarbans mangrove forest.

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(ii) Describe the main physical characteristics of the Sundarbans.

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(c) Study Fig. 3.2, a newspaper article about a threat to the Sundarbans mangrove forest.

UN tells Bangladesh to halt mangrove-threatening coal power station

19 October 2016

The UN has made an urgent call to stop the construction of a coal power station in Bangladesh.
The power station could damage the Sundarbans mangrove forest, where up to 450 Bengal tigers
live.

The Rampal coal power station, which is 65 km north of the Sundarbans, could cause water and
air pollution to the mangrove forest.

Ships carrying coal through the mangrove reserve could cause damage which would threaten the
breeding grounds of the endangered Ganges river dolphins.

Fig. 3.2

(i) According to the article, which two species are under threat?

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(ii) Explain how the development of power stations can cause pollution.

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(iii) Explain how climate change and agriculture are causing serious threats to the
Sundarbans mangrove forest.

Climate change .................................................................................................................

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Agriculture .........................................................................................................................

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(d) Study Table 3.1, which shows electricity generation from renewable energy sources in
Bangladesh.

Table 3.1

electricity generation (GWh)

year hydro-electric (HEP) solar wind
2003 750 0 0
2013 890 130 10

1100 Key

1000 wind

900 solar

800 hydro-electric (HEP)

700
electricity
generation 600
(GWh)
500

400

300

200

100

0
2003 2013
year

Fig. 3.3

Use the data from Table 3.1, to complete a divided bar graph for 2013, on Fig. 3.3. [2]

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(e) Study the two statements below.

A  ‘The development of coal resources in Bangladesh is the best way to guarantee its future 
energy supply.’

B  ‘The  development  of  renewable  energy  in  Bangladesh  is  the  best  way  to  guarantee  its 
future energy supply.’

(i) Give one piece of evidence which supports statement A.

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(ii) Give one piece of evidence which supports statement B.

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(iii) Which statement do you agree with the most? Give reasons for your answer.

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[Total: 25]

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4 (a) (i) Why are some rural people in Bangladesh landless?

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(ii) What are the results of becoming landless for people in Bangladesh?

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(b) Study Fig. 4.1, a statement about the reduction of poverty in Bangladesh.

Bangladesh has made great progress in reducing poverty. Based on the international poverty line
of $1.90 per person per day, poverty in Bangladesh fell from 44.2% in 1991 to 18.5% in 2010, and
then to 12.9% in 2016.

Fig. 4.1

Use the information in Fig. 4.1 to complete Fig. 4.2. 1991 has been completed for you. [2]

100
Key
90 % below
poverty line
80

70

60
% below
poverty 50
line
40

30

20

10

0
1991 2010 2016
year

Fig. 4.2

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(c) Study Fig. 4.3, which shows the growth rate of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in Bangladesh
2007–16. GDP is one of the main indicators of a country’s development.

8.5

8.0

7.5

7.0
GDP
growth rate 6.5
(%)
6.0

5.5

5.0

0.0
2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
year

Fig. 4.3

(i) Describe the main changes shown in Fig. 4.3.

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(ii) Explain the impact that continued economic growth may have on poverty and quality of
life in Bangladesh.

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(iii) Name one indicator, other than GDP, that is used to measure human development in
Bangladesh and explain what it measures.

Name of indicator ..............................................................................................................

What it measures ..............................................................................................................

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(d) Study Table 4.1, which shows information about internet and telecommunications in
Bangladesh in 2016.

Table 4.1

mobile phone users active internet users

population (millions) 132 62
population (%) 83 39

(i) Compare the number of mobile phone users with active internet users in 2016.

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(ii) Suggest how the number of mobile phone users and active internet users will change by
2020. Use data from Table 4.1 to support your answer.

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(e) Study the two statements below.

A  ‘Job creation is Bangladesh’s top development priority.’

B  ‘Improving education is Bangladesh’s top development priority.’

(i) Give one piece of evidence which supports statement A.

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(ii) Give one piece of evidence which supports statement B.

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(iii) Which statement do you agree with the most? Give reasons for your answer.

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[Total: 25]

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5 (a) Study Fig. 5.1, which shows total population change in Bangladesh.

210
Key
200 actual

190 projected

180

170

160
population
150
(millions)

140

130

120

110

100

0
1990 2000 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050
year

Fig. 5.1

(i) Complete the graph, Fig. 5.1, using the data below, to show the projected population in
Bangladesh from 2030 to 2050.

2030 186 million

2040 196 million
2050 202 million
[3]

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(ii) Suggest benefits and problems for Bangladesh of continued population growth.

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TURN OVER FOR QUESTION 5(b)

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(b) Study Fig. 5.2, which shows the changes in population growth rates for Bangladesh, Pakistan
and India between 2000 and 2015.

2.5
Key
2.4 Pakistan

2.3 Bangladesh

India
2.2

2.1

2.0

1.9
population
1.8
growth rate
(%)
1.7

1.6

1.5

1.4

1.3

1.2

1.1

0
2000 2005 2010 2015
year

Fig. 5.2

(i) How is population growth rate calculated?

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(ii) Compare Bangladesh’s population growth rate with that of Pakistan and that of India as 
shown in Fig. 5.2.

Comparison with Pakistan ..................................................................................................

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Comparison with India ........................................................................................................

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(iii) Suggest reasons why Bangladesh’s population growth rate has decreased.

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(c) Most people in Bangladesh work in the informal sector.

(i) What is the informal sector?

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(ii) Give two examples of jobs in the informal service sector.

1 ........................................................................................................................................

2 .................................................................................................................................. [2]

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(d) Study the statement below.

‘Having a large number of jobs in the informal sector has many benefits for Bangladesh.’

(i) Give one piece of evidence which supports this statement.

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(ii) Give one piece of evidence against this statement.

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(iii) How far do you agree with the statement? Give reasons for your answer.

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[Total: 25]

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Additional Page

If you use the following lined page to complete the answer(s) to any question(s), the question number(s)
must be clearly shown.

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