WIND ENERGY POTENCIAL FROM HIGHWAYS 1

Ganesh.D.Aladakatti 1 Devegouda Patil 2

HARNESSING ELECTRIAL ENERGY IN

ganeshaladakatti@gmail.com patil.devegouda4@gmail.com
1
Student’s 8th SEM Dept of Mech Engg, Sri Taralabalu Jagadguru Institute of Technology Ranebennur.
2
Student’s 8th SEM Dept of Mech Engg, Sri Taralabalu Jagadguru Institute of Technology Ranebennur.
HIGHWAYS BY SMART WIND MILL
Abstract
In this paper our effective approach is to harness electrical energy from the highways by means of Vertical axis wind turbine. The smart wind
mill consists of a stationary shaft which is mounted on the ball bearing on the top and bottom end of the shaft. The curvy darrieus blades are
connected to the two ends of the bearing which is able to rotate on its own axis. In highways the vehicles moving on two different directions
makes the wind turbine to rotate more effectively on its own axis in only one direction i.e. clockwise direction. The dynamo is connected to the
either upper part or lower part of the wind turbine which works on Fleming’s left hand rule of electromagnetic induction. The smart wind
turbine is able to rotate more effectively as a result large amount of electricity is generated by more number of Vehicles passing by. In
highways both at day as well as at night time vehicles will be moving at very high speed. So it is possible to get good efficiency as output. When
the wind power gets increased certainly the number of rotations gets increased and we can get high output as electricity. Wind power is an
alternate to fossil fuel which is plentiful, renewable widely distributed resource. Clean energy produces no greenhouse gases during its
operation and requires little land. By this method the overall cost per unit of energy produced is less than the cost of new coal, natural gas and
its installation. So the implementation can be made easier than any other methods.

Keywords––Blade design, Darrieus Blade, Green energy, Vertical Axis wind Turbine and Wind power.
produces mechanical energy in the form of rotation which can
further be used to produce electricity with the help of
I. INTRODUCTION generator. These turbines can be installed just near by the
As the automobiles moves from highways/expressways, there highways as well as railway tracks which can useful to rotate
is a creation of pressure column on both the sides of the road. these turbines.
This pressure column is created due to imbalance of high
pressure/low pressure energy band created by the automobiles.
Due to this pressure band wind flow and create pressure thrust.
This wind Pressure thrust depends upon the:-
a) The intensity of the traffic.
b) The size of the automobile.
c) The speed of the automobiles.

Fig1: sample picture of wind turbines installed near side highway
This Pressure thrust of wind energy can be converted into
mechanical energy with the help of small turbines placing
them just nearby these highways sides and centre
These small turbines installed on road
side by getting high pressure from winds
starts rotating. This rotational energy of
turbine can be stored in batteries and can
be utilized in any work in the form of
electricity.
Fig 2: The model of lights glowing from the energy generated through
highways
All these turbines can be connected through each other with
the help of a common shaft can be called as drive shaft. This
drive shaft can be connected to generator with the help of gear
drive system (which can increase the speed of the drive shaft
further). Through this generator we can connect to a battery
which can store that energy for temporary basis
The wings of the turbine can be installed in between the two
paths that are on the divider or on the opposite side of the
highways. These turbine are vertical axis curved shaped
covering as large surface area as possible. This system is used
to produce electricity and use it at that place only or can be
transferred to nearby village or can be use to develop and
maintain a bio diversity or wild life sanctuary nearby.
There are two types of turbines
1. Horizontal axis wind turbine
2. Vertical axis wind turbine

HORIZANTAL AXIS VERTICAL AXIS

TURBINE TURBINE
These are vertical axis turbines which can be installed nearby In case of horizontal axis wind In case of vertical axis wind
highways. These turbines rotate on the energy pressure created turbine air strikes from one turbine air strikes from both
by the nearby moving automobile. These moving turbines direction only. direction.
WIND ENERGY POTENCIAL FROM HIGHWAYS 2

In this turbine generator, gear
box cannot be placed on the
ground.
In this turbine tower is essential
hence cost of investment is high.
In this turbine control system is
required.
In this turbine generator, gear
box etc may be placed on the
ground.
In this turbine tower is not
essential hence cost is less.
There is no requirement of
control system which also
reduces the over cost and
frequent maintenance.
GW as of November 2011. The thermal power plant constitutes 65%,
hydroelectricity has 25% and the rest is the combination of wind and
solar power. In January 2012, over 700 million citizens had no access
to electricity, and many people get electricity intermittently.
Electrical consumption as per 2012 was 130 KWh in rural areas and
300 KWh in urban areas. India is currently suffering from major
shortage for electricity. India should become one of the leading
power producers in the world, but the current technologies are not
sufficient to achieve our goal.

III. MY GREEN IDEA FOR POWER

GENERATION!
To overcome the above problem, we need to implement the new
technologies in production of energy. Smart Wind power is the
conversion of wind energy into useful form of energy such as electric
energy by using wind turbines in the middle or either sides of the
highways to generate electricity. Wind power is an alternate to fossil
fuels which is plentiful, renewable widely distributed .clean energy
produces no green house gases during its operation and requires little
land. So, we suggest that the energy can be harnessed in highways or
roadways by placing the smart wind turbine in the middle of the
highways. The smart wind turbine rotates more effectively because of
Fig. 3 horizontal axis wind turbine the wind power generated in the roadways due to large number of
vehicles passing at very high speed. The smart wind turbine consists
of the shaft which is mounted on the blades and the bottom end is
connected to the generator. When the wind power increases certainly
the number of rotations gets increased. So we can get large amount of
electricity for domestic purposes. In this overall cost per unit of
energy produced is less than the cost of new coal, natural gas and its
installation. So the implementation can be made easier than any other
methods.

IV. INNOVATION INVOLVED IN SMART WIND

MILL

Fig. 4 vertical axis turbine

II GREEN TECHNOLOGY
Energy is the Fuel for development: The global demand for energy is
rising rapidly due to massive urbanization of huge developing
countries like China and India. As we realize that fossil fuels are
going to run out, we are trying harder to develop other means of
generating the electricity on which we depend. Renewable resources,
such as solar, hydro-electric, tidal powers are particularly attractive,
although they do have drawbacks.
The figure given above is my practical implementation of the smart wind
mill in the middle of the highways.
Our effective innovative approach is a smart windmill which can
overcome the problems in the present wind mill and finds a new way
to make use of the wasted wind power in the roadways and highways.
The smart wind mill does not occupy large acres or area to install the
plant and we need not find any new place to install the plant. And it
will not affect any birds and other creatures. Which have a main
impact of not produce any unwanted noises.

II. DEMAND FOR ELECTRICITY V. DESCRIPTION OF WORKING PRINCIPLE

India has vast supply of renewable energy resources, even though A. Capturing wind induced by moving vehicles.
energy crisis has become a great bottleneck in our sophisticated life. The moving vehicles may be all types of light or heavy vehicles
The total demand for electricity is expected to cross 2550,000 MW running on road, such as two, three, four wheelers or even bigger
by 2030. The electrical sectors have an installed capacity of 185.5 vehicles. The moving vehicles could be railway train running on
WIND ENERGY POTENCIAL FROM HIGHWAYS 3

railway track. The vehicles could also be aircraft moving on to the

runway, taking off or landing; when testing the propellers in the
workshops, proceeding to or standing by in the holding area before
taking off. These induces fast winds in all it direction of propagation .

B. Routing the induced wind in the direction of the wind

turbine.
If the wind is properly directed towards the wind turbine blades,
optimum electricity may be generated. The desired direction of wind
is obtained by a means for channeling wind, in the direction of the
wind turbine. Channeling of wind in a desired direction may be
obtained by, at least one truncated cone or pyramid shaped housing or
a pair of planar members converging towards the blades of the wind
turbine.
Aerodynamics is the science and study of the physical laws of the
behavior of objects in an air flow and the forces that are produced by
air flows. The shape of the aerodynamic profile is decisive for blade
performance. Even minor alterations in the shape of the profile can
greatly alter the power curve and noise level. Therefore a blade
designer does not merely sit down and outline the shape when
designing a new blade.
Fig 6. Aerodynamic Profile of Blade
The fast acceleration, near the wind turbines operational rotational
speed, places great demands on the electrical cut-in system that must
capture and engage the wind turbine without releasing excessive peak
electrical loads to the grid. The desired direction may be transverse or
parallel to the direction of plane of rotation of blades depending upon
the type of wind turbine used or the direction of wind, or it the design
of the wind turbines. The turbines are connected to electricity
generator to generate electricity. The generated electricity may be
used directly or stored in batteries which can be used at the time of
need.

C. Converting the energy of the wind into mechanical

Fig 5. Process Involved
The aerodynamic profile is formed with a rear side, is much more
curved than the front side facing the wind. Two portions of air
molecules side by side in the air flow moving towards the profile at
point A will separate and pass around the profile and will once again
be side by side at point B after passing the profile’s trailing edge. As
the rear side is more curved than the front side on a wind turbine
blade, this means that the air flowing over the rear side has to travel a
longer distance from point A to B than the air flowing over the front
side. Therefore this air flow over the rear side must have a higher
velocity if these two different portions of air shall be reunited at point
B. Greater velocity produces a pressure drop on the rear side of the
blade, and it is this pressure drop that produces the lift.
The highest speed is obtained at the rounded front edge of the blade.
The blade is almost sucked forward by the pressure drop resulting
from this greater front edge speed. There is also a contribution
resulting from a small over-pressure on the front side of the blade.
Compared to an idling blade the aerodynamic forces on the blade
under operational conditions are very large. Most wind turbine
owners have surely noticed these forces during a start-up in good
wind conditions
. which energy may be used as per the need.
The wind turbine will start to rotate very slowly at first, but as it
gathers speed it begins to accelerate faster and faster. The change
from slow to fast acceleration is a sign that the blade’s aerodynamic
shape comes into play, and that the lift greatly increases when the
blade meets the head wind of its own movement.
energy by using wind turbine.
There are two primary physical principles by which energy can be
extracted from the wind. These are through the creation of either lift
or drag force (or through a combination of the two). Drag forces
provide the most obvious means of propulsion, these being the forces
felt by a person (or object) exposed to the wind. Lift forces are the
most efficient means of propulsion but being more subtle than drag
forces are not so well understood.
Lift is primary due to the physical phenomena known as Bernoulli’s
Law. This physical law states that when the speed of an air flow over
a surface is increased the pressure will then drop. This law is counter
to what most people experience from walking or cycling in a head
wind, where normally one feels that the pressure increases when the
wind also increases. This is also true when one sees an air flow
blowing directly against a surface, but it is not the case when air is
flowing over a surface.
D. Converting that mechanical energy into electrical
energy by using a generating device.
The generator is the unit of the wind turbine that transforms
mechanical energy into electrical energy. The blades transfer the
kinetic energy from the wind into rotational energy in the
transmission system, and the generator is the next step in the supply
of energy from the wind turbine to the electrical grid.
The wind turbine may be connected to an electricity generator. The
generated electricity may to be stored in pluralities of batteries from
WIND ENERGY POTENCIAL FROM HIGHWAYS 4

P = 11.736 kWh

Torque
Torque = 11.236 = (2 x 3.14 x 300 x T)/60
T = 0.37 N-m

Calculation for Gears

N1 = rpm of driving Gear= 300 rpm
N2 = rpm of driven Gear300 x (37/19) = 584 rpm
T1 = Number of teeth on = 37
T2 = Number of teeth on= 19
Velocity Ratio = T2/T1
= 1.95
Power on D.C motor = 3.26 x 1.95
= 6.357 watt

VII. ECONOMICS AND FEASIBILITY

Fig No.7: Generator
These turbines have been designed to power small units like
compartments of train, recharging batteries, although we should
mention that it is also quite easy to imagine how a specially designed
wind turbine like this could sit on top of the train or at front and
power its engine as you cruise along on the rail/road. This wind
turbine was developed to be used as an alternative means to recharge
communications equipment too.
The cost of wind-generated electric power has dropped substantially.
Since 2004, according to some sources, the price in the United States
is now lower than the cost of fuel-generated electric power. In 2005,
wind energy cost one-fifth as much as it did in the late 1990s, and
that downward trend is expected to continue, as larger multi-
megawatt turbines are mass-produced. A British Wind Energy
Association report gives an average generation cost of onshore wind
power of around £0.032 per kWh. Most major forms of electric
generation are capital intensive, meaning that they require substantial
investments at project inception, and low ongoing costs. This is
particularly true for wind powers, which have fuel costs close to zero
and relatively low maintenance costs. Wind energy benefits from
subsidies of various kinds in many jurisdictions, either to increase its
attractiveness, or to compensate for subsidies received by other forms
of production or which have significant negative externalities. It is
possible to produce electricity from wind for as little as £0.02 per
kWh, comparing with the cost of electricity from conventional
sources. However, low cost generation is only possible on the
windiest sites. Typically, electricity from wind will cost around
£0.02-0.10 per kWh depending on scale and location.

VIII. ADVANTAGES

a. The energy produce is environmental pollution free and does not

cause any harm to environment.
b. Till now the energy which is waste can be utilized in
developmental work.
Fi
c. Installation and maintenance charge is no to much high.
g8 . Developed power distribution
d. There is no damage to birds and animals.
VI. DESIGN CALCULATIONS ASSUMPTIONS e. Can be use to produce energy free electricity.
1. Neglecting friction losses in all sections.
f. Can be use to pump water and develop a well maintained irrigation
2. Vehicle moving with 93 kmh.
system.
3. Velocity of wind is 7 m/sec.
g. Can be use to develop nearby villages and make it prosperous..
h. Can be use to maintain a biodiversity, wild life sanctuary or
Area of Blade national park.
Discharge =2.5 m3/min
Velocity of Wind, V = 7 m/s
Length of blade, l =0.226 m
DISADVANTAGES
Breath, b = 0.077 m
Area of Blade = l x b = 0.0174 m2 1. One turbine cannot provide sufficient power so collective turbines
are used.
Power =0.5 x p x A x V2 2. Light vehicles do not generate more power.
3. Installation cost is high.
4. Huge amount of traffic is essential.
5. If speed of vehicle is less it is in effective
Power
P = 0.5 x 1.093 x 0.0174 x 73
P = 3.26 watt
IX. TOTAL INSTALLED CAPACITY
WIND ENERGY POTENCIAL FROM HIGHWAYS
The wind power industry has experienced an average growth rate of
27% per year between 2000 and 2011, and wind power capacity has
doubled on average every three years. A total of 83 countries now use
wind power on a commercial basis and 52 countries increased their
total wind power capacity in 2010 (REN21, 2011). The new capacity
added in 2011 totaled 41 GW, more than any other renewable
technology (GWEC, 2012). This meant total wind power capacity at
the end of 2011 was 20% higher than at the end of 2010 and reached
238 GW by the end of 2011
Europe accounted for 41% of the global installed wind power
capacity at the end of 2011, Asia for 35% and North America for
22%. The top ten countries by installed capacity accounted for 86%
of total installed wind power capacity worldwide at the end of 2011
(Figure 3.2). China now has an installed capacity of 62 GW, 24 times
the capacity they had in 2006. China now accounts for 26% of global
installed capacity, up from just 3% in 2006. Total installed capacity
at the end of 2011 in the United States was 47 GW (20% of the
global total), in Germany it was 29 GW (12%), in Spain it was 22
GW (9%) and in India it was 16 GW (7%).
X. CONCLUSION
Conclusively, extensive data is collected on wind patterns produced
by vehicles on both sides of the highway. Using the collected data, a
wind turbine is designed to be placed on the medians of the highway.
Although one turbine may not provide adequate power generation, a
collective of turbines on a long strip of highway has potential to
generate a large amount of energy that can be used to power
streetlights, other public amenities or even generate profits by selling
the power back to the grid. This design concept is meant to be
sustainable and environmentally friendly. Additionally, a wind
turbine powered by artificial wind has a myriad of applications.
Theoretically any moving vehicle can power the turbine such as an
amusement park ride. The highway wind turbine can be used to
5
provide power in any city around the globe where there is high
vehicle traffic.
XI. FUTURE SCOPE
1. India has vast supply of renewable energy resources.
2. Total demand for electricity is expected to cross
2550,000 MW by 2030. The electrical sector have an
installed capacity of 185.5GW has of NOV 2011.
3. India is currently suffering from major shortage for
electricity. India should become one of the leading
power producers in the word, but the current
technologies are not sufficient to achieve our goal.
4. To overcome above problem we need to implement
the new technology in the production of energy.
Smart wind power is the conversion of wind energy
in to useful form of energy such has electrical energy
by using wind turbines in the middle are either sides
of the highways to generate electricity.
XII. REFERENCES
BOOKS
1. Yongning Chi, Yanhua Liu, Weisheng Wang, “Voltage Stability
Analysis of Wind Farm integration into
TransmissionNetwork” IEEE Trans. Energy Conversion, vol. 21,
issue 1, pp. 257-264, March. 2006.
2. Poller.M.A"Doubly-fed induction machine models for stability
assessment of wind farms Power
Tech Conference Proceedings”, IEEE Bologna, Volume 3, 23-26
June 2003.
3. K. Nandigam, B.H.Chowdhury"Power flow and stability models
for induction generators used in
Wind turbines," IEEE Power Engineering Society General Meeting,
Vol.2, 6-10 June 2004 Page: 2012– 2016
4. “A method for generating electricity by capturing tunnel induced
winds” by REKHI, Bhupendra, Singh.
5. C.J. Baker (1986), “Train Aerodynamic Forces and Moments from
Moving Model Experiments”,
REPORTS
1. From the report of “National Renewable Energy Laboratory”
2. From the text of Paul Gipe=“Electricity from Wind Energy”
3. World Wind Energy Report 2010
4. World Wind Energy Association Half Year Report. 2011
5. Indian Wind Energy Outlook 2011
JOURNALS
1. Assesment of Wind Energy Potential From Highways-Mr.Mukesh
KumarSharma, HOD mech engg dept Govt. Polytechnic College,
Chittorgarh (Raj.), India
2. Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics,
24(1986),