Secondary Metabolite II

Bhisma Narayan Ratha

Depart of Phytopharmaceuticals
School of Agricultural and Bioengineering
CUTM
Parlakhemundi
 The acetate hypothesis

• Acetate occupies a central position in relation to the general metabolism of

plants.
• Acetate condensation occurs in many possible routes which give rise to
variety of aromatic compounds.
• Acetic acid is the starting unit in the biosynthesis of a wide variety of straight
chain and aromatic natural compounds.
• Acetate hypothesis: building block of acetate biosynthesis is linear poly acetic
chain CH3CO-(CH2-CO)n-CH2-COOH formed by repeated head to tail
condensation of acetate units.
• The discovery of acetyl CoA called Active acetate in 1950 further supported
the role of acetic acid in biogenetic study.
 Main Routes of Acetate pathway
• Acetate Mevalonate/Isoprenoid Pathway
• Acetate Malonate Pathway
Importance of Acetate Pathways
• Acetate Mevalonate/Isoprenoid
Pathway
• The “biogenetic isoprene rule” is the
basis for formation of various
isoprenoid compounds such as rubber,
monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes, sterol,
triterpenes, diterpenes Universal
precursor for all isoprenoids is
Isopentenyl pyrophosphate (IPP) and
dimethylallyl pyrophosphate (DMAPP).
• IPP & DMAPP are fundamental
building blocks used to synthesize key
biological isoprenoids (terpenoids)
including cholesterol and other steroids,
carotenoids, saponins, and limonoids
• Acetate malonate pathway
• The main products of the acetate-
malonate pathway are the fatty acids,
both those primary metabolites which
occur universally and the more
unusual compounds with a restricted
distribution.
• This pathway also makes an important
contribution to plant aliphatic and
aromatic compounds, which are
biosynthesised through the formation
of polyketides.
Biosynthesis of Secondary Metabolites

GLYCOSIDES ALKALOIDS
• Glycon + Aglycon • Different alkaloids have
different synthesis
mechanism.
Thank You