ដេប៉ាតឺម៉ាង់អប់រ ំ វ ិទ្យាស្ថានជាតិអប់រ ំ

ផ្នែកទី១៖ ការយល់ដឹងពីផ្ននដវ
ី ិទា

ជំពូកទី១៖ ពិភពននផ្ននដីវិទា
ដមដរៀនទ្យី ១៖ នមរធាងនននវនេវី ិទ្យា
ដមដរៀនទ្យី ២៖ វ ិធីវ ិទ្យាស្ថស្តសមុរដៅរនវងនវនេីវ ិទ្យា
ដមដរៀនទ្យី ៣៖ រំរូរវ ងនវនេ
ន ីវ ិទ្យា
ដមដរៀនទ្យី ៤៖ រង្វាសមុ់ នង
ិ សមុវវតាភា
ិ ព

ដរៀបដរៀងដោយក្រុមក្រូឧដទ្យេសមុមវ ិវ ិជាែនវនវ ិទ្យា ទ្យំព័រ1

ដេប៉ាតឺម៉ាង់អប់រ ំ វ ិទ្យាស្ថានជាតិអប់រ ំ

មេមរៀនទី ១៖ ផ្េកធាងននផ្ននដីវិទា

matika ៖
- FrNIviTüa
- taraviTüa
- saKrviTüa
- ®bB½ne§ GkULUsIu
- ]tuviTüa
GVIEdlGñknwgsikSa³
1> begáIttarageFVIGMBEI pñkepSg²rbs;EpndIviTüa
2>kMNt;EpñkepSg²rbs;muxviC¢aEpndIviTüaEdlTak;TgeTAnwgviTüasaRsþepSgeTot .
3>erobrab;BIkargarepSg²EdlmanTMnak;TMngCamYyEp¥kepSg²eTotenAkñúgEpndIviTüa .

PBEpndI etImaneKGacsikSaBIvtßúEdlFM nigsµúRKsµajdUcCaPBEpndIrbs;eyIg ? tamrebobNa?

viFmI anEtmYyKt;KWRtUvEckkarsikSaEpndIviTüaeTACaEpñktUc² . CaTUeTA PaKeRcInénkar sikSa rYmman FrNI
viTüa ( Geology ) saKrviTüa ( Oceanography ) nig]tuviTüa ( Meteorology ) . eTaHCaya:gNa k¾ edayEpndIviTüa
min)an bBaÄb;enARtwmPBrbs;eyIgenHeLIy . taraviTüa KWCakarsikSaBIRKb;lkçN³rUbrbs;vtßúTaMgGs;eRkABI
PBEpndI enHeTAeTot . sUmemIleTAelIviTüasaRsþTaMg4enH nigGñkviTüasaRsþEdleFVkI arCamYyEp¥kTaMgenaH .
1>FrNIviTüa ³ viTüasaRsþGMBIsila
FrNIviTüa KWCakarsikSaBIFaturwgrbs;EpndI . vtßmú YycMnnY EdlFM² nigGVI²EdleFVIskmµPaBCa
mYyvtßúrgw TaMgenaHrbs;EpndIKWCaEpñkrbs;FrNIviTüa . PaKeRcInénGñkCMnajFrNIviTüaKWmanCMnajtUc²teTA
eTot .
etIGñkha‘ndak;eCIgrbs;GñkenAtamEKmGagkMEGlPñeM PIøgEdlmankMedA 1000 C EdrrWeT ? RbsinebI
O

Gñkha‘nGñknwgkøayeTACaGñkCMnajPñeM PøgI CaFrNIviTUmñak;EdlsikSaBIPñMePøIg . etIbBaðarBa¢ÜydIkan;EtkøayeTACa

ដរៀបដរៀងដោយក្រុមក្រូឧដទ្យេសមុមវ ិវ ិជាែនវនវ ិទ្យា ទ្យំព័រ2
ដេប៉ាតឺម៉ាង់អប់រ ំ វ ិទ្យាស្ថានជាតិអប់រ ំ

karcUlcitþrbs;GñkEdrrWeT ? bnÞab;mkGñkkøayCaGñkBüakrN¾rlkrBa¢ÜydImñak;GñkFrNIviTUEdlsikSaBIrBa¢ÜydI .
cMEnkÉkarCIkkkayrukrkdayNUs½rvijya:gNaEdrsMrab;Gñk ? GñkGacCapUsIulviTUmñak; KWCaFrNIviTU EdlsikSa
BIBpI UslIu . TaMgGs;enHKWRKan;EtCakarRsavRCavxøHb:ueNÑaHEdlGñkCaGñkFrNIviTUmñak; .
karrukrkEdlmanCMnaj¡
FrNIviTUxøHkan;EtkøayeTACaGñkCMnajFrNIviTüa
kan;EtBUEkeTA² . ]TahrN¾ GñkFrNIviTUeQµaHelak
Robert Fronk Kat;eFVIkarenAviTüasßanbec©kviTüapørIkda

( Florida Institute Technology ) )anrukrk enARsTab;

xagelIrbs;EpndIedayScuba-divingenAkñúgrUgeRkamTwk
enAFlorida nigenABahamas . rUgTwkeRkamdICaerOy²
eK)anrkeXIjPsúþtagEdlbgðajfa kMrti nIv:UTwksmuRT
kalBIGtItkalenAeBlNamYyenaHva)anesßitenATabCagenAeBlenH . eKeXIjman sþaLak;mIt nigsþa
Lak;TIt ( Stalagmites & Stalactites )EdlCa PtþútagdUcEdl)anbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI1 . kMNTaMg enH
)anvivtþn¾mk BIsarFatuEr:EdlmanenAkñgú dMNk;TwkenAkñúg xül;enAkñúgrUgPñMenaH . enAeBlEdl elak Fronk )an
eXIjnUvRbePT énkMNFrNIenAeRkamrUgPñMTaMgenH Kat;)andwgfakalBIeBlNamYYyenaHBImunrUgPñMsßitenAx<s;
CagnIv:UTwksmuRT.
2>saKrviTüa ³ Twk TwkenARKb;TIkEnøg ¡
smuRTviTüa KWCakarsikSaBImhasmuRT CaerOy²RtUv)anEbgEckecjCaEpñktUc²sMxan;epSgeTot² .
saKrrUbviTUKWCaGñksikSaBIvtßúepSg²dUcCarlkcrnþmhasmuRT . saKrCIvviTUKWCaGñksikSaBIrukçCatinigstVEdl
rs;enAkñgú mhasmuRT . saKeFrNIviTKU ICaGñksikSBIBI)atmhasmuRT . saKrKImIviTüaKWsikSaBIsarFatuKImI Fmµ
CatinigsarFatuKImIEdl)anbMBulenAkñgú mhasmuRT .
minyUrb:unµaneTeK)ansikSaBImhasmuRTRtwmEt épÞelImhasmuRTEtmYyKt; . b:uEnþenAeBlEdl bec©k
viTüa )anGPivDÆya:gxøaMgGñkviTüasaRsþ)aneFVIkarCamYyviskV½ r edIm,Isagsg;navaRsavRCavFuntUc. \LÚvenH
sarKrviTUGaceTAdl;RKb;TIkEnøgTaMgGs;edaygayRsYl . enAxageRkamenH saKeviTU John Trefry nwg erob rab;
R)ab;BdI MeNIrkMsanþrbs;Kat;eTAkan;)atmhasmuRTedaynavamuCTwkFuntUcTMenIb eQµaHGal;vaMg ( Alvin ).

ដរៀបដរៀងដោយក្រុមក្រូឧដទ្យេសមុមវ ិវ ិជាែនវនវ ិទ្យា ទ្យំព័រ3

ដេប៉ាតឺម៉ាង់អប់រ ំ វ ិទ្យាស្ថានជាតិអប់រ ំ

eyIg)aneFVIdMeNIrqøgkat;BiPBexµAggwtenAkñúgCMerAmhasmuRT)a:sIuPci EdleTAdl;CMerACit1/5 Miles Ca

mYynwgePøIgGMBUlrbs;navamuCTwkEdlcaMgePøIgya:gPøWeTAelIsilaexµAdUckBa©k;EdlCasMbksmuRTfµI .
bnÞab;mkkñgú mYyrMeBcd¾Gs©arüenaH eyIgxMsMlwgemIleTAmux eTAkan;bBM g;EpSg (porthole)d¾tcU mYyenAsItuNPð aB
300 GgSaesEdlRtUv)anhMBu ½TC§ Muvij GUGasIiusRss;s¥at( Oasis) TMrg;CIvitEbøk²EdlkMrkmaneXIj enAkEnøgNa
epSgeTotEdlmanTMrg;CIvitd¾Ebøk . TaMgenH)anbegáIteGaymannUvGarmµN¾cg;eFVIkarRsavRCavrkRbPBd¾cMElk
EbbenH . ehtuenHehIyeTIbbNaþaleGaymankarRsavRCavGs;ry³eBld¾eRcInqñaeM TAelImuxviCa¢ saKrviTüa
Edlhak;dUcCa eBjcitþxøaMgNas; nigmanRbeyaCn¾ya:gxøaMg .
karrukrkenA)atmhasmuRT
elak Trefry nig saKrviTUepSgeTot)anrukrkBiPBénbMBg;
exµAenaH . bMBg;Edl EpSgexµA KWCasila enA)atmha
smuRTEdlbeBa©jmkeRkACaEpSgBBkexµAénsarFatuEr:.
bMBg;EpSgexµA KWCaRbePTmYyénbMBg;TWkekþACasñameRbH
mYyenA)atmhasmuRTEdlbeBa©jmkeRkAnUvTwkekþAxøaMg
BIépÞenAxagelIrbs;EpndI . sarFatuEr:nwgTwkekþAEdl
beB©ajTwkekþATaMgenHRTRTg;shKmn¾shKmn¾CivitenA
TIenaHEdlrab;bBa¢ÚlTaMgCenønbMBg;QamRkhm
( Blood-Red Tube Worms)EdlmanbeNþay bIEm:RtknøH

EdlmanGgátp; ©it 30 sg;TIem:Rt nigRbePTkþamsKµan

EPñk.
BiesaFn¾xøI
etIkMedA300 GgSaes ekþAya:gem:cEdr ?
1> eRbIR)as;ETm:UEm:RtedIm,Ivas;;sItuNðPaBxül;enAkñúgbnÞb; ehIyKitCadWeRkes .kt;RtanUvlTæplEdlGñk)an
emIleXIjenAkñgú ETm:EU m:Rt .
2>kan;ETm:EU m:RteGayenACitRbPBkMedANamYyenAkñúgbnÞbe; naHdUcCaenACitGMBUlePIgø b¤bMBg;kMedA . RtUvRbug
Rby½tmñ ineGayvarlakxÜønrbs;Gñk . emIlETm:UEm:RtehIykt;Rta .
ដរៀបដរៀងដោយក្រុមក្រូឧដទ្យេសមុមវ ិវ ិជាែនវនវ ិទ្យា ទ្យំព័រ4
ដេប៉ាតឺម៉ាង់អប់រ ំ វ ិទ្យាស្ថានជាតិអប់រ ំ

3>etIGñkeRbobeFobvaeXIjya:gdUemþcrvagsItuNðPaBEdlGñk)ankt;RtaCamYynwgsItuNPð aB 300 GgSaes

rbs;TwkBIbMBg;EpSgenaH .
3>]tuviTüa³ vaKWCa]sµ½nmYYy ¡
karsikSaRKb;EpñkTaMgGs;enAkñgú briyakasRtUv)aneKehAfa ]tuviTüa ( Meteorology) . enAeBlEdlGñk
sYrfaetImanePøógeTéf¶enH ? enaHmann½yfaGñkkMBugsYrGMBI]tuviTüaehIy . kargarmYykñúgcMeNamkargarTaMg
Gs;enAkñúg]tuviTüa KWkarBüakrN¾FatuFatuGakaspgEdr ( Weather Forecasting ) . enAeBlxøHkardwgBIGEVI dl
GakasEbbNaeFVIeGayCIvitrs;enArbs;eyIgkan;EtmanPaBsPaBl¥RbesIr .
ehIyeBlxøHkarrs;enArbs;eyIgRbcaMéf¶vaGaRs½yeTAnwgkarBüakrN¾FatuGakasenHEtmþg .
3>1 BüúHhUrIkan (Hurricanes) ³ enAkñgú qñaM1928 BüúHhUrkI anmYyRbePT)ane)akbk;eTAelIrdæpørIda nig)an
sMlab;mnusS Gs; 1936 nak; . ebIeRbobeFobeTAvaRsedogeTAnwg kMlaMBüúHmYyRbePTeTot hUrIkanGan;RdU
( Hurricane Andrew) ¬rUbTI 2¦ va )ane)akbk;eTAelIrdæpørIdaenAkñg ú qñaM1992 EdlsMlab;mnusSGs;Et 48 nak;Et
b:ueNÑaH . enAkñúgqñaM1992ehtuGVIBüúHenH )an sMlabmnusSticCagxøagM emøH: ? manehtuplBIrya:g TI1rebobkar
kMeTcrbs;BüúH hUrIkan nigTI2karBüakrN¾ FatuGakas .
]tuviTU)ancab;epþmI tamdanBüúHhUrkI anGan;RdUenARBwkéf¶c½nÞ TI17 ExsIha edaytamdantaMgBIRBwkéf¶
GaTitü mnusSPaKeRcInenAPaKxagt,ÚgénrdæpørIda )ancakecjBIeqñrenAtMbn;enaH edaysarEt mCÄmNÐlhUrI
kan Cati)anR)ab;eGayBYkeK)andwgCamunfaGan;RdUnwgeFVIdMeNIreTAkan;pøÚvrbs;BYkvaehIy . BüúHhUrIkanGan;RdU
)an kMeTcPaKxagt,ÚgrdæpørdI aenARBwkRBlwméf¶c½nÞ TI 24 ExsIha . BüuúHhUrIkan)aneFVeI GayxUcxatGs;Ca
eRcInb:Eu nþva )ansMlab;mnusSGs;EtbnþicbnþÜcb:ueNÑaHenHsUmGrKuNdl;]tuviTUEdl)anR)ab;RbCaBlrdæeGay)an
dwgCamun .
rUbTI2 enHKWCarUbfttamtararNbBIpvøÚ rbs;
BüúHhUrIkanGan;RdUEdlbk;BImhasmuRTGatøg;Tci
¬xagsþaM¦eTAkan;QugsmuRTmisu ickU¬xageqVg¦.

ដរៀបដរៀងដោយក្រុមក្រូឧដទ្យេសមុមវ ិវ ិជាែនវនវ ិទ្យា ទ្យំព័រ5

ដេប៉ាតឺម៉ាង់អប់រ ំ វ ិទ្យាស្ថានជាតិអប់រ ំ

3>2 xül;BüúHT½rNadU (Tornadoes) ³ PaBeRKaHfñak;mYyepSgeToténGakasFatubnÞab;BIBüúHhUrIkan enaHKW

BüúHT½rNadU . CamFümman780xül;BüúHT½rNadUbk;kat;enAshrdæGaemrikkñúgmYYyqñaM . etIGñkKitya:gmicEdr
Edl]tuviTeRCIserIsykxül;BüúHT½rNadUmkeFVICakargar ? elak Haward Blustein )anBüakrN¾kEnøgEdlTMng
Ca GacekItmannUvxül;BüúHkYcT½rNadUbnÞab;mkKat;)anebIkLanGs;ry³cMgaybmaN2rW3KILÚEm:Rt éntMbn;
dIm,IRbmUlTinñn½y ¬rUbTI3 ¦ . edaysarkarRbmUlTinñn½ytamviFIenHehIyGñkviTüasaRsþdUcCaelak Bluestein
sgÇwm fanwwgyl;BIxül;BüúHT½rNadUkan;EtRbesIreLIg . GVEI dleFVIeGayBYkeK)anyl;BIvaehIyEfmTaMgGac
BüakrN¾ dwgBIva)anmuneTotpgKWkaryl;BIBüúHT½rNadUkan;Etc,as; eKGacBüakrN¾BIlkçN³énBüúHd¾sahavenH
k¾kan;Et RbesIreLIg .
1>4>lMhGakas (Astronomy) q¶ayEsnq¶ay ¡
etIGñkGacsikSa)andUcemþcCamYynwgvtúEß dlsßitenAq¶ayEsnq¶ayBIx¶Ünrbs;eyIg enAkñgú lMh ? sMnYr
enH ehIy EdltaraviTGU aceqøIy)an . taraviTüa KW CakarsikSaBIlkçN³rUbEdlsßti enAq¶ayhYsBIEpndI .
taraviTUsikSaBI tara Gacm¾páay PB nig vtßCú aeRcInepSgeTotenAkúgñ lMh .
edaysarEtvtßPú aKeRcInenAkñúglMh sßitenAq¶ayEsnq¶ay EdlEPñkrbs;eyIgminGacemIleXIjeday
pÞal;)andUcenHtaraviTU)anBwgGaRs½yeTAelIbec©kviTüaedIm,ICYyeTAelIEpñkkarsikSarbs;BYkKat;eTAelIvtßú
EdlmanenAkúgñ lMh . EkvyWtGubTik)aneRbIR)as;ry³eBlCaeRcInqñaMmkehIy dUcCaelak Galileo )anbegátI
vataMgBIqñaM1609 . taraviTUenAEteRbIR)as;EkvyWtenHdEdl . b:uEnþBYkKat;)aneRbIR)as;CamYYynwgRbePTepSg
mYyeTot énEkvywtenH. ]TahrN¾EkvyWtviTüú )an bgðajenAkñgú rUbTI4 )anGnuBaØatþieGaytaraviT)U ansikSaBIvtßú
EdlenAq¶ayEsnq¶ayenAkñúg lMh ehIyk¾Faøb;)aneRbIR)as;EkvyWtGubTic)an Etmin)anemIleXIjBnW)anRKb;
RKan;enAeLIy .

rUbTI4 viTüúEkvyWt)anTTYl
rlkviTüúBIlMhGakas

ដរៀបដរៀងដោយក្រុមក្រូឧដទ្យេសមុមវ ិវ ិជាែនវនវ ិទ្យា ទ្យំព័រ6

ដេប៉ាតឺម៉ាង់អប់រ ំ វ ិទ្យាស្ថានជាតិអប់រ ំ

tara Struck ³ taraviT)U ancMNayeBlGs;CaeRcInqñaM enAkñgú eBlevlaénkasikSarbs;BYkKat; eTAelItara .

taraviT)U an)a:n;sµanfa man 100 ekadilantaraenAkñúgemX . edaysarEttarad¾eRcInEbbenHehIy . vahak;
dUcCa karBi)akKitelxenAKNitviTüa . ebItamKMnitrbs;GñketImantarab:unµan eGaysmeTAtamKitrbs;Gñk .
PaKeRcInRKYsartaraenAsklKWCaRBHGaTitü EdlCataraEdlenACitbMputCamYYynwgEpndIrbs;eyIg. taraviTU
)ansikSa eTAelIRBHGaTitüeRcInCagkarsikSaeTAelItaraepSgeTot . taraviTUk¾)ansikSaBIPBCaeRcInpgEdr
EdlsßitenACit nwg EpndIrbs;eyIg . rUbTI5 nwgbgðajeyIgBIRBHGaTitü EpndI nigPBmYycMnnY epSgeTotEdl
enAEk,renaH . etIGñkGacdak;eQµaHPBTaMgGs;enaH)anEdrrWeT ?

rUbTI5៖taraviT)U ancMNayeBlGs;CaeRcInenAkñúgkarsikSavtßEú dlenAkñúglMhenACitEpndICagPBEdl

enAq¶ayCag .

Gnuvtþn¾ ³ karbMEbkénBnþviTüa ³ sUnüd¾EsneRcIn ¡

taraviT)U an)a:ns; µanfa mantaraeRcInCag 100ekadi ekaditara enAkñgú emX ¡ mYyekadieyIgsresrelx

1 000 000 000.

ដរៀបដរៀងដោយក្រុមក្រូឧដទ្យេសមុមវ ិវ ិជាែនវនវ ិទ្យា ទ្យំព័រ7

ដេប៉ាតឺម៉ាង់អប់រ ំ វ ិទ្យាស្ថានជាតិអប់រ ំ

1> etIGñkRtUvkarsUnücMnYnb:unµan kñgú elx100 ekadi ekadi tara ? edIm,IrkeGayeXIjnUvcMnYnd¾elIslb; KWKuNBI

1ekadi eTA1ekadi bnÞab;mk KuNcMelIyrbs;GkCamYYynwg 100 . ehIyGñkrab;sUnürbs;Gñk GñknwgGac eXIj
cMelIyCacugeRkayrbs;GñkehIy .
2>etIGñkRtUvcMNayeBlGs;b:unµanedIm,IeTAdl;100 . etIGñkRtUvcMNayeBlGs;b:unµankñgú karrab;eTAelI 100
ekadi ekadidg ?

2>EpñkBiessénEpndIviTüa ³Special Branches of Earth Science

kñúgkarbEnßmeTAelIEpñkdsMxan;d¾mYyrbs;EpndIviTüa manEpñkCaeRcInEdlGaRs½yeTAelIPaBsICu MerAén
EpñkepSgeToténviTüasaRsþ . GñkviTüasaRsþCaerOy²)anrkemIleXIjedayxøÜnrbs;BYkKat;pÞal;enAkñúgkargar
Rsav RCav EdlbnþnUvCIvitviTüasaRsþ dUcCa KImIviTüa rUbviTüa nigEpñkCaeRcInepSgeToténviTüasaRsþ .
sUmsMLwgeTAemIl kargarRsavRCavxøHenAkñúgmuxviC¢aEpndIviTüa CamYynwgkarCab;Tak;Tinya:gxøaMងkøaeTAelI
viTüasaRsþepSgeTot .
1>1 eGkULÚsIu³ Ecology ³
vaKWCaCakarBi)akmYyedIm,IeGayyl;BIGkb,kiriyarbs;sarBagÁkay edayKµankarsikSaBI TMnak;TnM g
rvag sarBagÁkayTaMgenaH CamYynwgGVI²EdlenACMuvijxøÜnrbs;BYkva . GñkeGkULUs)Iu ansikSaBIRbB½n§ dUcCa
rUbPaBTI1 enAkñgú rUbTI6 .RbB½ne§ GkULÚsuI ( Ecosystem ) KWCashKmn¾mYyrbs;sarBagÁkayCamYynwgbrisßan
EdlKµanCIvit rbs; BYkva . eKalkarN¾eGkULUsIu mansar³RbeyaCn¾enAkñúgTMnak;TMngya:geRcIn eTAtMbn;TaMg
enaH dUcCakarRKb;RKg CIvit stVéRB ( Wildlife Management ) ksikmµ éRBeQI nigkarGPirkS . viTüasaRsþ
eGkULUstIu MrUveGay mnusSTTYlnUvkarbNþúHbNþalenAkñúgmuxviTüaepSgCaeRcIneTot dUcCa CIvviTüa FrNIviTüa
KImIvTi üa ]tþúPUtviTüa KNitviTüa nigbec©keTskMBüÚT½r .

ដរៀបដរៀងដោយក្រុមក្រូឧដទ្យេសមុមវ ិវ ិជាែនវនវ ិទ្យា ទ្យំព័រ8

ដេប៉ាតឺម៉ាង់អប់រ ំ វ ិទ្យាស្ថានជាតិអប់រ ំ

rUbTI6៖
edaysarEtskmµPaBenAkñúgTwk
rbs;sarBagÁkaymansPaBRbesIr
dUcCaenAelIeKakeTIbBYkva)ancUl
rYmCamYYyKñanUvRbB½n§eGkULUsIurbs;
BYkvanwgrukçCatiCaeRcIn nigstV
d¾éTepSgeTot .

2>3>FrNIKImIviTüa³ Geochemistry
FrNIKImIviTüaKW)anmkBIkarcUlrYmpSMrvagkarsikSaKImIviTüa CamYynwg FrNIviTüa . FrNIKImIvTi UdUc)an
eXIjenAkñúgrUbTI7 GñkÉkeTsxagKImIsila sarFatuEr: nigdI . BYkeK)ansikSaBIKImIrbs; sarFatuTaMgenaH
edIm,IkN
M t;nUvtMélesdækicrbs;va karbkERbR)ab;eGaydwgGVIEdlenACMuvji )anmanTMrg; enAeBl EdlBYkeK
)ansikSaBITMrg;Edl)anekIteLIg ehIysikSaBIGVIEdl)anekIteLIgenAelIBYkva ehIyetIBYkva)ancab;epþIm
CaelIkdMbUgenAeBlNa .

rUbTI7៖FrNIKImIviTUenAkñgú rUbenH
)ankMBugnaMykeTAnUvKMrsU ila
BItMbn;mYy dUcenHGacbgðajeGay
eyIgeXIjBIkarviPaKKImI
rbs;BYkvaenAkñgú TIBiesaFn¾rbs;nag .

2>4>viTüasaRsþbrisßan Environmental Science ³

mnusSeTIbEt)ancab;epþmI enAeBlfµ²I enH edIm,Isakl,gBIkarTMnak;TnM grbs;BYkeKeTAnwgbrisßanEdl
enACMuvji xøÜnBYkeK b¤ebIehAeGaykan;EtgayeTAeKehAfa brisßan . karsikSaBIrebobEdlmnusSmanGMeBICamYy
nwgbrisßanKW RtUv)aneKehAfa bBaðviTüasßanbrisßan . dUc)anbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI8 karcUlrYmkargarmYyénGñk
ដរៀបដរៀងដោយក្រុមក្រូឧដទ្យេសមុមវ ិវ ិជាែនវនវ ិទ្យា ទ្យំព័រ9
ដេប៉ាតឺម៉ាង់អប់រ ំ វ ិទ្យាស្ថានជាតិអប់រ ំ

viTüasaRsþbrisßan KwkarBüayamedIm,IrkeGayeXIjfa mnusS)annwgkMBugbMpøajbrisßanEdrrWweT ?. karbMBlu

xül; Twk nwg dI EdlGac pþln; Uvkarmhnþraydl;FnFanFmµCati ? dUcCa CIvitstVéRB TwksMrab;briePaK nig
dIsMrab;daMdHu . viTüasaRsþ brisßan Edl)anP¢ab;TMnak;TMngeTAnwgCivitviTüasaRsþ KImIvTi üa rUbviTüa nigFrNIviTüa
KWRtUv)annwgCYyBYkeyIgedIm,I karBarFnFanFmµCatirbs;EpndI nigeRbIR)as;BYkvaeGaykan;Et)anRtwmRtUv .

rUbTI8៖ enHCarUbrbs;GñkviTüasaRsþbrisßan)ankMBugsakl,geTAelI\TæiBlrbs;]sSahkmµeTAelIbrisßan .

PUmviTüa Geography nig EpnTIviTüa Cartography

GñPUmiviTüaKWCaGñkEdl)anTTYlkarsikSaBIFrNIviTüa . CIvitviTüasaRsþ nigrUbviTüaKWsikSaBI RTg;RTay
épÞ xagelIrbs;EpndI . GñkKUEpnTI KWbegáItRTg;RTayrbs;épÞTaMgenaH . etIGñkFøab;)anq¶l;Edr rWeT ehtuGVI k¾
TIRkug EdlRtUv)ansßitenA CakEnøgEdleKrs;enA ? CaerOy²TItaMgrbs;TIRkugRtUv)ankMNt;eLIgedayxag
EpñkPUmiviTüa .TIRkugCaeRcIndUc)aneXIjenAkñúgrUbTI9 TIRkugRtUv)anksageLIgenAEk,rTenø bwg rW mhasmuRT
enHk¾edaysarEt TUk rWk)a:l; CaeRcIn)aneRbIR)as;sMrab;dkw CBa¢Ún mnusS nigmuxTMnij kñúgkareFIViBaNiC¢kmµepSg²
. Tenø rWbwgCaeRcIn KWeBareBjeTAedayTwk k¾Gacpþl; CaTwksMrab;pkw karRbkbdMNaMdaMduH nig ciBa¢mw stV .
eyIgbegáItEpnTI edIm,I kt;RtanUv PUmisßanrbs;mnusSelakeyIg. EpnTICYyBYkeyIgkarBarmineGay)ant;bg;
FnFan FmµCati nigkar cracrN¾rbs;épÞ EpndI .
ដរៀបដរៀងដោយក្រុមក្រូឧដទ្យេសមុមវ ិវ ិជាែនវនវ ិទ្យា ទ្យំព័រ10
ដេប៉ាតឺម៉ាង់អប់រ ំ វ ិទ្យាស្ថានជាតិអប់រ ំ

rUbTI9៖ TenømIsIBu I(Mississippi) GacdMeNIrkarkan;EtmanPaBgayRsYl EdlCYypøÚv lVIr (Lovis) eGayERbkøay

eTACa TIRkugd¾FM vaKWCaTIRkugsBVvéf¶enHÉg .
rMlwkeLIvji
1> eFVItaragbIEpñksMxan;²énEpndIviTüa
2> eGayQµaHBIrEpñkénEpndIviTüaEdlTak;TinsICu MerAeTAelIEpñkviTüasaRsþepSgeTot.
Bnül;BIEpñkTaMgenH EdlCab;Bak;B½næeTAelIEpñkviTüasaRsþepSgeTot.
3> eFVIbBa¢I nigerobrab;BIkargarRsavRCav3rbs;EpndIviTüa .
4> TMnak;TnM geyag ³RbsinebIGñkCa hydro geologist etIRbePTkargarEbbNaEdlGñknwgRsavRCav ?

ដរៀបដរៀងដោយក្រុមក្រូឧដទ្យេសមុមវ ិវ ិជាែនវនវ ិទ្យា ទ្យំព័រ11

ដេប៉ាតឺម៉ាង់អប់រ ំ វ ិទ្យាស្ថានជាតិអប់រ ំ

មេមរៀនទី ២៖
វិធវ
ី ិទាសាស្ត្រមៅកែងផ្ននដ
ុ ីវទ
ិ ា
The Scientific Method in Earth Science
matikasikSa
- viFvI iTüasaRsþ
- karsegát
- smµitþikmµ
GVIEdlGñknwg)aneFVI
 Bnül;BIviFIviTüasaRsþ etIGñkviTüasaRsþ)aneRbIvaya:gdUcemþc ?
 kareqIytbnwgviFvI iTüasaRsþedIm,IesIubGegátRsavRCavenAkñúgEpndIviTüa .
 kMNt;nUvsar³sMxan;énlTæplkareFVITMnak;TnM génkarGegátEbbviTüasaRsþ .
 erobrab;BIrebobsegátEbbviTüasaRsþEdlCaerOy²)andwknaMeTArkkarRsavRCavfµI epSgeTot.
1>esckþIepþIm
Rsém:faGñk)annwgkMBgu QrenAkñgú éRBRkas;mYyenAmat;Ten .RBHGaTitü)annwgkMBugbeBa¢jnUvBnøW
ya:gPøW tamry³RbehaHRbehagrbs;éRBeQI . stVl¥it)ankMBugehIr b:uEnþKµanstVsabkMBugehIreT BIeRBaH
BMTu an; ekItmanenA eLIy . vaKWCasm½ysYrra:siuk Jurassic KW150lanqñaMmun .
CgÁgr; bs;dayNUs½rkMBugluyTwkenAkñgú Twkrak;² maneRcInlµmEdrenAkñúglMenAsßanEbbenaH . dUecñH
GñkGacecjBIedImeQI)anehIy GñknwgeXIjRbePTdayNUs½rCaeRcInmanlkçN³xus²Kña .AllosaurKW CaRbePT
dayNUs½rEdlsIsu ac;CaGaharenAkñgú sm½yenaH .enAkñúgrMeBcenaHGñkmanGarmµNf¾ a dIcab;epþIrGegÁrI . Gñkk¾
cab;epþmI B¤sMelgya:gxøaMgGs©arüEdlbegáIteGaymanrMj½r. Gal;LÚsr½ GñkkMBgu lWseM lgRKab;EbkpÞHú ya:gxøagM
EdlnaMGñkeTArkPaBrBa¢ÜydI . Gal;LÚs½r)anQb;ehIysMlwgemIleTArkTisénsMelg . sMelgrbs;karpÞHú
k¾kan;EtlWCag munehIyrBa¢Üyk¾kan;EtxøaMgCagmunEdr . rMeBcenaH GñkmanGarmµN¾fa k,alrbs; GñkesÞEI teRbH
ដរៀបដរៀងដោយក្រុមក្រូឧដទ្យេសមុមវ ិវ ិជាែនវនវ ិទ្យា ទ្យំព័រ12
ដេប៉ាតឺម៉ាង់អប់រ ំ វ ិទ្យាស្ថានជាតិអប់រ ំ

Ebk vadUcCaedImeQIgcg;rlMeRkayeBlTTYlrMj½r. k,alrbs;stVelak (Creature)k¾kan;Etdkx<s;eLIgrhUtdk

k,alrbs;vamanRbEvg20 Em:Rt . bnÞab;mkstVTaMgenaH )ancab;epþImcUkkñúgTidPæi aBenH . Gñkq¶l;faehtuGVI)an
CakMBugGRgYn . stVenHKW sIm:sU Ursu haLÚGmWu Seimosaurushallorum SEIZ MOH SAWR UHS HAH LOHR UHM ) {
CaGñkGRgYnEpndI{Gñk)ankMBugsMLwgeTArkdayNUs½rd¾FMbMputmYykñgú cMeNamdayNUs½rFM²CaeRcInepSg²eTot
EdlGñk)andwg .
qakEdlGñk)aneXIjvaRKan;EtsakSImYyEdlminmanmUldæan EteTAelIkarRsém:Etmñak;Ég . GñkviTüa
saRsþ)ankMBgu sikSaBIstVdayNUs½rGs;ry³eBld¾eRcIn .cab;taMgBIbMENk nigsøaksñaménBt’manBYkKat; )an
RbmUlpþMú GMBIdayNUs½r nigbrisßanrbs;va . GñkviTüasaRsþ)an begáItsarCafµnI UvGVIEdlEpndIGacmanenAkal BI
150lanqñamM un . etIGñkviTüasaRsþR)ab;BIGMBIRbePTdayNUs½rmYyeTARbePTdayNUs½rmYyeTot ya:gdUc
emþc? etIBYkKat;dwgGMBIva ya:gdUcemþc ? RbsinebIBYkKat;)anrkeXIjRbePTfµeI pSgmYyeTot . cMelIyeTAelI
sMnrY TaMgenHvaRtUv)anTak;Tg eTAnwgviFvI iTüasaRsþ EdlGñkviTüasaRsþeRbIR)as; .
2> CMhanviFIviTüasaRsþ Step of Science Method
enAeBlEdlGñkviTüasaRsþeFVikarsegátGMBIBPi BFmµCati . CaerOy²BYkKat;EtgEtelceLIgnUvvtþman
sMnrY CaeRcIn rWk¾manbBaða . b:uEnþGkñ viTüasaRsþminRKan;Et Throw out the randomnUvcMelIyeT .b:uEnþelIsBienH
eTotGñkviTüa saRsþ)anGnuvtþtames‘rIénCMhan RtUv)aneKehAfa viFIviTüasRsþ Scientific Method. viFvI iTüasaRsþ
KWCaes‘rIénCMha‘n EdlGñkviTüasaRsþeRbIedIm,IeqIynUgsMnrY nigedaHRsaynUvbBaða . CMhanmUldæandMbUgbMputKW
)anbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI 10 .
dUcenHviFIviTüasaRsþmankarCab;Tak;TgKñaCaeRcInCMhan . vaBitCadMeNIrkar Rigid . GñkviTüasaRsþGac
eRbI nUvCMhanenH rW k¾CMhanxHénCMhanviFIviTüasaRsþ . BYkKat;GaceRbInUvskmµPaBdEdlenAkñúgCMhanxH
rWk¾eeFVIskmµPaBeTAtamtMrUvkarxus²Kña. eKalbMNgénviFIviTüasaRsþ KWRtUvkarkarPaBelceLIgnUvcMelIyrW
dMeNaH RsayEdlGacTak;TgKña. CayUrmkehItGñkviTüasaRsþ)aneRbIvFi IviTüasaRsþya:gmanRbsiTiæPabMput
ral;lTæplKW dUcKña BYkeKkan;Et gaineRcIneLIg enAkñgú rkeXIjnUvsBaarbs;bBaðEdlBYkeKsegátrk .

ដរៀបដរៀងដោយក្រុមក្រូឧដទ្យេសមុមវ ិវ ិជាែនវនវ ិទ្យា ទ្យំព័រ13

ដេប៉ាតឺម៉ាង់អប់រ ំ វ ិទ្យាស្ថានជាតិអប់រ ំ

sYrsMnYrmYy

eFVIkarsegátCaeRcInsar begáItsmµtikmµ
viPaKeTAelIlTæ sakl,gsmµti i mYy
plCaeRcIn kmµ
sresrnUvesckþIsnñidæa minKaMRTsmµtikmµ
n etIvaKaMRT smµtikmµ eFVKI TMnak;TMng
rbs; GñkEdrrWeT ? KaMRTkmµtikmµ elIlTæpl
rUbTI10៖viFvI iTüasaRsþRtUv)anbgðajenAtaradüaRkam . manviFICaeRcIneFVItamCMhanenH.

3>karrukrkdayNUs½r ³ krNIsikSamYyY sMrab;vIFIviTüasaRsþ

mYykñúgcMeNamvtßúTmI YykñúgcMeNamGñkviTüasaRsþmñk); aneFVI . eTaHCaya:gNak¾eday CadMbUgRtUvcab;
epþmI eLIgedaykar eFVIkaresIubGegát KWCakareFVIsegát .karsegát (Observation KWRtUveRbIR)as;nUvviBaaNya:g
eRcInrYmKñaedIm,IRbmUlBt’man . karsegátRtUv)anbegáIteLIgtamry³karesIubGegáttamry³viTüasaRsþ .
cUrcgcaMfa GñkedIrrukrk enAkñgú eBleFVIkarcab;epþImdMbUg nwgkarrukrkq¥gw dayNUs½rrbs;BYkKat;enA
kñúgval xSac; . GñkedIrrukrkTaMgenHFab;cab;epþmI edIrrukrkelIkTImYyCaeRcInsar eTAelIkarsakl,gq¥gw b:uEnþ
BYkKat;min Fab; manTIbBa¢b;eT . enAkñúgEx]sPa 1985 pUsIulviTU eQµaHelak davit DI-hÁIELt David D-Gillett
)aneTAedIrTsSn³kic©enAkñgú kEngmYYy ehIycab;epþmI q¶l; etIRbePTq¥gw dayNUs½rGVFI MemHehIyvamkBINa ?
enHcab; epþImeGayKat;QancUldl;viFIviTüasaRsþ .

ដរៀបដរៀងដោយក្រុមក្រូឧដទ្យេសមុមវ ិវ ិជាែនវនវ ិទ្យា ទ្យំព័រ14

ដេប៉ាតឺម៉ាង់អប់រ ំ វ ិទ្យាស្ថានជាតិអប់រ ំ

1>sYrsMNYretIvaCaRbePTqw¥gdayNYs½rGVImkBINa ?
sYrsMNYrEdlRtVvkarcMelIyviTüasaRsþ

2>begáItsmµtki mµqägw TaMgenH)anmkBIq¥wgrbs;dayNYs½rfµImYysMeNIcMelIymYYyelIsMnYrsMeNIGaceTArYc

1>sYrsMNYrmYy ³ enAeBlEdlGñkviTüasaRsþeFVIkarsegátBYkeKCaerOy²EtgmannUvsMNrY Canic©EdlBYk eKRtUv

karcMelIy . elakhÁIeLGacmansMNYr etIRbePTq¥wgdayNUs½rmkBINa ? elakhÁIeL)andwgfaeyag eTA
elIcMelIyénsMNYrenH Kat;Fab;)aneRbInUvviFIviTüasaRsþ.dUecñHelakhÁaEltGacbnþeTaCMhanbnÞab;mYy eTot .
2>begátI smµti ikmµ³ enAeBlEdlGñkviTüasaRsþcg;esIubGegáteTAelIsMNYrmYYy BYkeKbegáItnUvsmµitikmµmYy.
smµitikmµmYyKWCakrBnül;mYyEdlGaceTArYc rW CacMelIyeTAelIsMNYr . rWeBlxHeKehAfa karTsSTayCamun
. karTsSTaytMNatgeGaycMelIyl¥bMputrbs;GñkviTüasaRsþ sMrab;sMNYr. b:uEnþvaGacminEmnCacMelIymYYy
nwgeLIy . vaGacRKan;EtCakarBnül;sakl,g .eyagelImUldæanénkarsegátrbs;Kat; nigGVEI dlKat;)an
dwgCamun elakhÁIElt)anbegáIteLIgnUvsmµitikmµmYyq¥wgmkBIRbePTdayNUs½rNamYYyEdleyIgmin)ansÁal;
kñúgviTüasaRsþ . enHKWCalTæsakl,gBnül;d¾l¥bMputmYYyrbs;elakhÁEI lténkar)anmYkBIRbePTpUslIu q¥wgday
NUs½rGVImyY . RbsinebIvaCakarRtwmRtUv vaenHehIyKWCacMelIyrbs;Kat; . elakhÁEI lt)ansakl,gnUvsmµi
tikmµrbs;Kat; edayeFVIkarRsavRCavCaeRcIn .
kareqIyø tb Repply
karbegáItsmµitki mµ
ដរៀបដរៀងដោយក្រុមក្រូឧដទ្យេសមុមវ ិវ ិជាែនវនវ ិទ្យា ទ្យំព័រ15
ដេប៉ាតឺម៉ាង់អប់រ ំ វ ិទ្យាស្ថានជាតិអប់រ ំ

GñkviTüasaRsþkMBgu EtrukrkenAtamQUgsmuRTrbs;rdæticsas; Texas )anrkeXIjnUvEs,ksil,³mux

rbs;Cn CatiGaemrikkaMg \NÐa EdlmanGayurab;Ban;qñaM . vtßúcMElkRbEhlvaKWCaGVIEdlEs,ksil,³muxEdl
RtUv)aneqHenA kñúg)atsmuRTEdlmanCMerACaeRcInEm:RtenAxageRkamnIv:UTwksmuRT . Es,kmuxsil,³TaMgGs;
enHsßitenAkñúgTIEngEt mYYy mann½yfaBYkvaminRtUv)anpas;bþÚrTItaMgeT cab;taMgBIeBlEdlBYkvaeqHtaMgBIedIm
dMbUg . karsegát)an bgðajeGayeXIjfa manEs,kmuxsil,³rbs;GaemrikkaMg\NÐaCaeRcInEm:RtBIeRkamnIv;U
TwksmuRTehIysMNYr)ansYrfa ehtuGVIkm¾ anBYkvaenATIenaH ?kargarrbs;GñkKWRtUvbegáItsmµitikmµmYyEdl
cMelIyCarbs;sMNrY enH cgcaMfasmµi tikmµrbs;GñkKWRtUv)ancab;epþmI dUcCaviFImYyEdlGacRtUv)ansakl,geRbI
R)as;viFvI iTüasaRsþ .
sakl,gsmµti ikmµ ³ ]TahrN¾smµitikmµmYyRtUv)anbegáIteLIg vaRtUvEtRtUv)ansakl,gvaCadac;xat.
Gñk viTüasaRsþ)ansakl,gviTüasaRsþedaykarRbmUlpþnM UvTinñn½y EdlGacCYykMNt;faetIsmµitikmµrbs;Gñk
BitCa Rtwm RtUv rWminRtwmRtUv . CaerOy²GñkviTüasaRsþnwgGnuvtþedaykarBiesaFn¾ eTAelIkarsakl,gsmµitikmµ
.

rUbPPaB sall,gsmµitikmµ sall,gsmµti ikmµCammYykareRbobeFob rWkareFVIBeI saFn¾

edIm,Isakl,gnUvsmµitikmµmYy GñkviTüasaRsþmñak; GacerobcMkareFVIBei saFn¾EdlmankarRtYtBinitü .
kar RtYtBinitükarBiesaFn¾ KWCakarRtYtBinitüEdlCaktþaEtmYYyKt;enAeBlenaH . edaykarpas;bþÚrktþaEtmYYy
Kt;}PaBepSgKña}GñkviTüasaRsþGacRKan;EteeXIjlTæplEdlpas;brþÚ mYYyb:eu NÑaH . eTaHCaya:gNaGñkEpndI
viTüaEtgEtmannUvkarsgát;F¶ne; RcIneTAelIkarsegátedIm,Isakl,gnUvsmµitikmµrbs;Kat; . ]TahrN¾énkarsak
l,g edImI,RtYtBinitücriklkçN³ . GñkviTüasaRsþEpndIviTüaCaerOy² segátcriklkçN³ nigRbmUlnUvbrimaN
d¾eRcInén Tinñn½yedIm,Isall,gnUvsmµti ikmµrbs;BYkKat; .
edIm,Isakl,gnUvsmµitikmµrbs;Kat;elakhÁEI ltvas;Gs;CaeRcInrysareTAelIkarvas;Evgrbs;Kat;eTA
elIq¥wgenaH ehIyeFVIkareRbobeFobeTAnwgkarvas;Evgrbs;Kat; CamYynwgq¥wgTaMgenaH BIGEVI dl)andwgBIday
ដរៀបដរៀងដោយក្រុមក្រូឧដទ្យេសមុមវ ិវ ិជាែនវនវ ិទ្យា ទ្យំព័រ16
ដេប៉ាតឺម៉ាង់អប់រ ំ វ ិទ្យាស្ថានជាតិអប់រ ំ

NUs½r . Kat;)aneTATsSn³kic©enAkñgú sar³mnÞI ehIy)aneTABiPakSaCamYYyGñkpUsIulviTüaepSgeTot . karsak

l,grbs;Kat; )ancMNayeBlGs;CagmYYyqñaeM dIm,IbBa©b; .
karviPaKlTæpl
GñkviTüasaRsþmñak;)anbBa¢b;karsakl,grbs;Kat; BYkeKRtUvviPaKlTæpl. enAkñúgcMhanenHCaerOy²
)anbegáItnUvtaragmYy nigdüaRkamedIm,IerobcMnUvTinñn½yrbs;Kat; . enAeBlelakhÁIEltviPaKlTæplénkar
eRbobeFobq¥wg Kat;)anrkeXIjfa q¥wrbs;dayNUs½rEdl)anGaf’kM)aMg TaMgFMEdr rWkG¾ tþsBaaNrénPaBxusKña
Edr RtUvEtCakmµsñiTæirbs;dayNUs½repSgTot Kat;)aneRbIR)as;vasMrab;eFVIkareRbobeFob .

rUbPaB viPaKlTæpl q¥wgfµIminP¢ab;CamYynwg GVIepSgEdl)andwgenaHeTsakl,grkTinæn½y nigrkemIlédKU

rUbPaBkareFVeI sckþIsnñdi æan
cugbBa¢b;eRkaykarviPaKlTæpledayykcitþTukdak;énkarsakl,g GñkviTüasaRsþRtUvEteFVeI sckþI
snñidaæ n . GñkviTüasaRsþRtUvEtsnñidæanfa etIlTæplrbs;GñkKaMRTnUvsmµitikmµxagelIenHEdr rWeT ? RbsinebI
smµitikmµ minRtUv)anKaMRTeTenaH GñkviTüasaRsþGacnwgRtUv)aneFVIkarsegátsarCafµImþgeTot edImI,EsVgrkemIl
nigcMncu xVHxat . rWk¾BYkeKGacsYrnUvsMnYrsarCafµI nigbegáItnUvsmµti ikmµfµI .
eyageTaelImUldæankarviPaKTaMgGs;rbs;Kat; elakhÁEI lt)ansnñidæanfa q¥gw TaMg8EdlKat;)anrk
eXIj enAkñgú miucsiukkUfµI KW)anbEnßmeTAelIkarrkeXIjRbePTdayNUs½renAeBlfµI²enH EdlmanRbEvgRbEhl
45Em:Rt nigTMgn;ya:gehacNas;km¾ anTMgn;100etanEdr . ya:gGs©arüenaHKWvasaksmeTAnwgeQµaHEdl
elak hÁIElt)an dak;eGayfa vamaneQµaH sIm:sU Ursu haLÚGwmu Seismosaurus Hallorum EdlERbmkfaGñkGRgYn
EpndI .
ដរៀបដរៀងដោយក្រុមក្រូឧដទ្យេសមុមវ ិវ ិជាែនវនវ ិទ្យា ទ្យំព័រ17
ដេប៉ាតឺម៉ាង់អប់រ ំ វ ិទ្យាស្ថានជាតិអប់រ ំ

karTMnak;TMnglTæpl Communicate Results

rhUtmkdl;karbMeBjbB©ab; énkaresubI Gegát GñkviTüasaRsþ)anTMnak;TMnglTæplrbs;Kat; . enAkñúg
viFeI nH GñkviTüasaRsþ)anEckcaynUvGVEI dlBYkKat;)ansikSaCamYynwgGñkviTüasaRsþepSgeTot KWCamYYyGñk
Edlcg;sikSa esIbu GegátsarCafµI edIm,IeXIj RbsinebIeKXIjlTæpldUcKña . GñkviTüasaRsþKWGaRs½yeTAelI
karEckcayBt’man enHÉg .
GñkviTüasaRsþEckcayBt’manedaykare)aHBum<r)aykarN¾enAkñgú karEstviTüasaRsþ . GñkviTüasaRsþ
k¾)aneFVbI T]eTÞsnameTAelIlTæplénkaresIubGegátviTüasaRsþrbs;Kat;EdrenAkñúgkarRbCMufañ k;viTüasaRsþÉke
Ts .
elakhÁIElt)anecjnUvesckþIRbkasénkarrkeXIjsIm:UsrU usrbs;Kat;enAsnñisiTæikarEstmYyenAÉsar
³mnÞvI iTüasaRsþ nigRbvtþisaRsþFmµCatienATIRkug miuksiukkUfµI New Mexico Museum of Natural History and
Science .eRkaymkKat;)ansMercbBa¢ÚnnUvr)aykarN¾mYyeTAkan;karEstpUsl Iu q¥wgkgmYy Journal Vertebrate
Paleontology EdlKat;)ansegçbkaresIb u Gegátrbs;Kat; .

sresresckþsI nñdi æan

rYbPaB sIms:U Ursu haLÚGwmu enHKWCaRbePTdayNUs½rfµImYyeTot
sMerccitþRbsinebIsmµitikmµdMbUgrbs;GñkRtUv)anKaMRT
karTMnak;TMnglTæpl
rUbPaB kareFVsI nñisiTæi ´sUmeFVkI arENrnaMBIsIm:UsUrus
EckcaynUvkarkeXijrbs;GñkCamYynwgGñkviTüasaRsþepSgeTot .

rUbTI11enHKWCarUbPaBénkarksageRKagq¥gw rbs;sIms:U Ursu haLÚGwumRtUv)anBwgEp¥keTAelIkarRsavRCavrbs;

elakhÁIElt . q¥wgbgðajCarUbPaBBN’exµATaMgGs;enaHehIyEdlRtUv)ankMnt;rhUtmkdl;eBlenH .

etIRtUvbiTkrNIsikSaenHrW ?
ral;q¥gw rbs;sIm:sU UrusTaMgGs;EdlelakhÁIElt)anrkeXIj RtUv)anbBa¢b;EtKMeragrbs;sIm:sUrusenAEt
bnþ enAkñgú TIBiesaFn¾Canic© dUecñHvaenAEtCadayNUs½rd¾FMbMputmYyFab;)anrkeXIj enAEtRtUv)annwgkMBugbnþkar
ដរៀបដរៀងដោយក្រុមក្រូឧដទ្យេសមុមវ ិវ ិជាែនវនវ ិទ្យា ទ្យំព័រ18
ដេប៉ាតឺម៉ាង់អប់រ ំ វ ិទ្យាស្ថានជាតិអប់រ ំ

sikSa.dUcCaviTüasaRsþesIubGegátd¾éTEdrkargarrbs;elakhÁIElt)andwknaMeTArkbBaðafµIRtUv)ankMBugelceLIg
nUvkareRbIR)as;viFIviTüasaRsþ .

cUrGñksakl,geRbIédrbs;GñkeRbIR)as;viFIviTüasaRsþ Rtlb;eTAebIkenAkúñgTMB½resoePABiesaFnsaFn¾ .
rUbPaBTI12 rbs;elak davit hÁEI lt bnþkarsikSaq¥wgrbs;sIms:U Ursu sMrab;saksñamenAkñgú GtItkal .

rMlwk
1> GVICaviFIviTüasaRsþ ?
2> eRkaykarsegáteTAelIq¥wgknÞúyTaMg8 elakhÁIElt)aneGaysmµitikmµfa BYkvamkBIRbePTdayNUs½r
fµImYy . eTAsmiµtikmµenHBWgEp¥keTaelImUldæanGVI ?
3> ehtuGVIGñkviTüasaRsþeFVITMnak;TMngeTaelIlTæplénkaresIubGegát ?
4> TsSn³énkaeqIytb៖ehtuGVkI G¾ ñkviTüasaRsþBIrnak;GPivDÆn¾nUvsmµitikmµepSgKñaedayBwgEp¥kelImUl
dæanénkarsegátdUcKña ?
RsavRCavbEnßmenAkñúg RbB½næGnIu FWENt
Topic:Science Method
Go to www.scilink.org

ដរៀបដរៀងដោយក្រុមក្រូឧដទ្យេសមុមវ ិវ ិជាែនវនវ ិទ្យា ទ្យំព័រ19

ដេប៉ាតឺម៉ាង់អប់រ ំ វ ិទ្យាស្ថានជាតិអប់រ ំ

មេមរៀនទី ៣៖
គំរ ូកែងផ្ននដ
ុ ីវិទា
matikasikSa
- karekþArbs;BiPBelak
- KMrU
- RTwsþI
GVIEdlGñknwg)aneFVI
- bgðajBIrebobénKMrEU dl)aneRbIR)as;enAkñúgviTüasaRsþ
- eRbobeFobKMrKU NitviTüaeTAnwgKMrUrUbviTüa
- kMNt;RBMEdnénKMrU

mankareRcInNas;énkarBiPakSaya:gyWtGMBkI arpas;bþÚrGakasFaturbs;EpndI . mnusSCaeRcInKitfa

BiPB elakkMBgu EtrgnUveRKaHfñak;énkMedAya:gF¶n;Fr¶ GñkepSgeTotniyayfaenHKWCavdþrbs;FmµCatiEtmYYyKt; .
b:uEnþetIGVIEdlKYEtekIteLIg RbsinebIsItuNðPaBenAxül;épÞxagelICamFümrbs;EpndImankarERbRbYlEt 2rW3
dWeRk. emIleTArUb TI13 cMelIyGacmankarPJak;ep¥IlcMeBaH .
BiPBelakmYyekIneLIgnUvsItuNðPaBmYyRtUv)aneKehAfa karekInkMedAelIEpndI Global Warming .
etIkar ekInkMedAenAelIEpndIBitCa)anekIneLIgEmnrW ? etIGVIEdlbNþaleGaymanekInkMedAenAelIEpndI ?
edIm,IeqIynUvsMnYrTaMgenHGñkviTüasaRsþ)ankMBugsikSaeTAelITsSn³énkarekInkMedAEpndI . viFIEtmYYyKt;Edl
BYkeKsikSakarekIn kMedAelIEpndI KWedaykarbegáItnUvKMrUrbs;va .

ដរៀបដរៀងដោយក្រុមក្រូឧដទ្យេសមុមវ ិវ ិជាែនវនវ ិទ្យា ទ្យំព័រ20

ដេប៉ាតឺម៉ាង់អប់រ ំ វ ិទ្យាស្ថានជាតិអប់រ ំ

rUbTI13 karelceLIgmYYyCamFüménsItuNðPaBenAxagelIépÞxül;nwgman\TæBi lCaeRcInya:g .

ePog)aneTAq¶ay²៖PaBBitR)akdæជាដ្លៀងnwgmaneRcInGaRs½yeTAelIkarRsUb BImhasmuRT bwg nigExS

Twk . Twkkan;EtRsUbeRcIneLIgkñúgbriyakas nwgdwknaMeTArkePogkan;EteRcIn. enHvaGacbNþaleGaytMbn;ិលះ
TTYlrgnUvTwkCMnn; nig)at;bg;dIEdlmanCICati .

TWkkkKWCakMedAsItuNðPaBl¥Nas; nwgmann½yfaPaKeRcInénTwkkksmuRTenACittMbn;b:UlxageCIgនងិ
b:Ulxagt,Úgnwgrlay . ehIytMbn;rbs;EpndIEdl\LÚÚvxageRkamdI)anrlayCaGciéRnþ nigRtUvhUr .
Twk TWkenARKb;TIរននលង៖
eTaHbICasItuNPð aB)anekIneLIg manénmhasmuRTnwgRtUvBnatFMeLIg bgáeGaynIv:UTwksmuRTekIneLIg
x<s;. karrlayTwkkkk¾bEnßmTWk eFVIeGaynIv:UTkw smuRTkan;EtekIneLIg . RbsinebInvI :UTwksmuRTekIneLIgEt
8Em:Rt manTIRkugCaeRcInEdlenAtambNþaeqñrnwgRtUvenAeRkamsmuRT .

1>RbePTénKMrUviTüasaRsþ
GñkRbEhlCaRKYsarEtmYYyCamYyY nwgRbePTénKMrUCaeRcIn KMrTU aMgenaHKWmannavaLanynþehaH nigvtßú
epSgeTot . KMrKU WdMNageGayvtßú rWRbB½næ . KMrUFab;eRbIR)as;eFVCI avtßútN
M agEdlmanTMhMd¾tcU edIm,IemIleXIj dUc
CaGatUm rWk¾vtßEú dlmanTMhMFMminGacemIleXIjeGaysBV dUcCaEpndIrWkR¾ bB½næRBHGaTitü . KMrUk¾Gacធាលប់RtUv)an
eKeRbIR)as;sMrab;eFVIkarBnül;kalBIGtItkal nigbc©úb,nñ dUcCakarBüakrN¾GnaKt.KMrUviTüasaRsþmanbIRbePT
FM²sMxan; .
ដរៀបដរៀងដោយក្រុមក្រូឧដទ្យេសមុមវ ិវ ិជាែនវនវ ិទ្យា ទ្យំព័រ21
ដេប៉ាតឺម៉ាង់អប់រ ំ វ ិទ្យាស្ថានជាតិអប់រ ំ

1>1KMrUrUb
KMrrU Ub KWCaKMrEU dlGñkGacb:H)an . KMrUynþehaH Lanekµgelg nigtukþaepSg²k¾CaKMrrU Ub . KMrUrUbKYrEtemIl
nigeFVIskmµPaBdUcCavtßúBit . ]TahrN¾ visV½kr)anbegáItnUvKMrUdcU mYYyénynþehaHfµIenAkñgú bMBg;bgVli enAkñúgxül;
. dUc)anbgðajenAkñúgrUbTI14 edIm,IBnül;BrI ebobEdlrag GaeGr:UDINamiucEdlman . vakan;EtmansuvtßiPaB
nig)anbnßynUvkarcMnayeRcInedIm,IrkbBaðaCamYYynUvKMrUCagCamYYyvtßúBit .

rUbTI14៖KMrUénynþehaHRtUv)aneKsakl,genAkñgú KMrrU bs;xül;bk;dUc)abbgðajenATIenHedayRbePT

CaynþehaHcM)aMgenAxagkñúgrUgmYYy .
1>2 KMrUKNitviTüa
Caeroral;éf¶ mnusSBüayamBüakrN¾GakasFatu . manviFImYy EdlBYkeK)aneFVI KWkareRbIR)as;edaKMrU
tam KNitviTüa . KMrUtamKNitviTüa mYybegáIteLIgénkareRbIR)as;Tinñn½y nigtamkarKNnatamKNitviTüa .
tamKMrUKNitviTüaxHeTotk¾mankarsµRú KsµajEdlmanEtkMBüÚT½rTMenIbeTEdlGacHandleBYkva)an . KMrUទgំ
Gs;EdlmankarsµúRKsµaj b:uEnþbnÞab;mkBYkvaERbIR)as;)anya:gRsYledIm,IBüakrN¾GakasFatu .
1>3 TsSn³énKMrU
RbePTTI3énKMrUenHKWCaTsSn³énKMrUmYy rWk¾CaRbB½næKMnit . TaMgenHEdleFVIeGaymannUvRTwsþI . RTwsþI
mYYy KWCakarBnül;nUvÉksNæanPaBsMrab;tMerobeGaymaneLIg mYYyénsmµitikmµ nigkarsegátEdlRtUv)anKaMRT
edaykareFVIkarsakl,g . RTwsþIGatUm nigRTWsbþI ‘Ík)agKWGacCaRbePTTsSn³KMrU. TsSn³KMrURtUv)anrYmpSMén

ដរៀបដរៀងដោយក្រុមក្រូឧដទ្យេសមុមវ ិវ ិជាែនវនវ ិទ្យា ទ្យំព័រ22

ដេប៉ាតឺម៉ាង់អប់រ ំ វ ិទ្យាស្ថានជាតិអប់រ ំ

smµitikmµCaeRcInehIynimYy²suTEæ tRtUv)anKMaRTCaeRscehIytamry³viFvI iTüasaRsþ.

rUbPaB TI15៖GatUmminEmnCaBitCaKMrUEdlekIteLIgénPaBtUcrbs;dmM UlEdlmanBN’ b:uEnþkareRbIR)as;eFVdI Uc

CaKMrmU Yy EdlCYyGñkviTüasaRsþeGayyl;BGI atUm .
2>KMrUénkarekþArbs;EpndI
ralKMrTU aMgGs;manbMENkrbs;va . ]TahrN¾ KMrUrbs; k)a:l;mYy manrab;rycMENk EdlGacpÁúMrmY Kña .
KMrKU NitviTüak¾maneRcIncMEnkEdr . cMnYnénbMENkTaMgenaHKWCakartMNageGayBt’manEdlerobrab;Bពីក្ពឹតរ
karN¾Bit . karekþArbs;EpndI KWCaKMrKU nitviTüamYyEdlRtUv)anbegátI eLIgedIm,ICYyGñkviTüasaRsþBüakrN¾
sItuNPð aB enAeBlGnaKtrbs;EpndI pas;bþÚrnUvbriyakasrbs;EpndI . bMENkmYYykñúgcMeNambMENkEdl)an
eRbIenAkñgú KMrUkarekInkMedAEpndI KW\TiBæ lénplpÞHkBa¢k; .
2>1 plénpÞHkBa¢k;
pÞHkB¢ak;KWCakarGKarmYYyeFVIeLIgPaKeRcInBIkBa©k;EdlenAkñúgenaHeKdaMrukçCatisMrab;eGayduHlUtlas; .
Rbsin ebIGñkmanpÞHkBa¢k;mYyGñkGacnwgdwg faCaTUeTAKWenAxagkñúgekAþCagenAxageRkA . enHKWedaysarEtពនលឺ
RBHGaTitü minEmnCakMedAEtmYYyEdlpÞHkBa¢k;edaypÞal;eT eRkayeBlcaMgcUltamry³kBa¢k; b:uEnþkBa¢k;kc¾ ab;
famBlkMedAenAxagkñúgpÞHkBa¢k; . \TæiBlplénpÞHkBa¢k; KWdcU bgðajenAkñúgrUb TI16 kargarCaeRcIndUcCapÞH
kBa¢k;begáIteLIgBIkBa©k; .

ដរៀបដរៀងដោយក្រុមក្រូឧដទ្យេសមុមវ ិវ ិជាែនវនវ ិទ្យា ទ្យំព័រ23

ដេប៉ាតឺម៉ាង់អប់រ ំ វ ិទ្យាស្ថានជាតិអប់រ ំ

karTMnak;TMngCamYyY brisßan
karkab;bMpøajéRBrgTwkePogtMbn;RtUBicvahak;dUcCaPa¢b;KñaeTAnwg karekIneLIgenAkñgú plénpÞHkBa¢k; . éRBeQI
edI tYrya:gFMeFgkñúgkarnaMyk kabUnDIGuksIut BIkñúgxül; BIxÜnrbs;va ehIykarbeB¢ajmkvij KWGuksIEu snbBa¢Úl
eTAkñúgxül;vij . KµanedImeQI kan;EtmankabUnDIGuksItu enAkñúgxül; EdlvanwgekIneLIgén\TæBi l plénpÞH
kBa©k; ehIyvaGaceFVeI GaymankarrYmcMENkeGayekþAenAelIEpndI .

ដរៀបដរៀងដោយក្រុមក្រូឧដទ្យេសមុមវ ិវ ិជាែនវនវ ិទ្យា ទ្យំព័រ24

ដេប៉ាតឺម៉ាង់អប់រ ំ វ ិទ្យាស្ថានជាតិអប់រ ំ

rUbPaBTI16 ៖ \TæiBlénplpÞHkBa©k;KWCaEpñkTTYlxusRtUvsMrab;karRtYtBinitüsItN u ðPaBenAelIEpndI EdlRtwm

RtUvkñúgkarpÁt;pÁg;dl;CIvitnana .
1>BnøRW BHGaTitüú nigkMedAcaMgcUleTAkñúgbriyakas énépÞrbs;EpndI .
2>)a:c;BnøWfamBlEpndI )ancaMgpøatcUleTAbriyakasvij .
3> ]sµ½nénpÞHkBa©k); ansÞak;cab;yk
2>3 kareFVIBiesaFn¾énKMrUkarekþAenAelIEpndI
KMrRU tUv)aneRbIR_)as;edIm,IBüayamBnül;enAeBlbc©úb,nñenH . b:Eu nþetIeyIgeFVvI aya:gdUcemþc eTIbeyIង
Gacdwg ? RbsinebIKMrUmanlkçN³cMruH ? KMrCU arUbKMrUCaKNit nigKMrUCaTsSn³GacRtUv)aneKsakl,g . ]TahrN¾
eyIGaceRbobeFobKMreU kþAEpndIrbs;eyIg karBüakrN¾énsItuNðPaBpas;bÚþrCamYYykarpaslbþrÚ sItuNðPaBenA
eBl bc©úb,nñ . RbsinebIKMrUGacBnül;)anc,as;las;ebAeBlbc©úb,nñ bnÞab;mkeFVIeGayeyIgkan;EtGacmankar
eCOrCak;fa KMrUKWnwgGacBüakrN¾)anc,as;las;enAeBlGnaKt .
GñkviTüasaRsþ)an)a:n;sµanfa brimaNéncMnYnkarbUbDIGuksIutRtUv)anbEnßmeTAkñgú briyakaselIsBI
100 qñamM un . dUcecñHKMrUKYrEtGaceFVkI arBüakrN¾)an faetIkarekþACagmancMnYnb:unµanenAkñgú briyakasenAeBl
bc©úb,nñCamYy nwgkalBI100qñamM un . PaKeRcInKMrUekþArbs;EpndI)anR)ab;eyIgfa sItuNPð aBenARKb;kEngTaMg
Gs;RtUv)anpas;bþuÚredaysarEtKWedaysarkarekIneLIgén]sµ½nénpÞHkBa©k;enAkñgú kMLúgeBl100qñacM ugeRkay
enH ehIykarERbក្បួលlenH enAkñgú cnaH rvag 0>5 0C GgSaes nig1>5 0C GgSaes . \LÚvenHsUmmkeFVIkar
sakl,g៖etIkarekþAenAEpndImancMnYnb:unµanEdlRtUv)annaMcUlmkxagkñúgbriyakasEpndIrbs;eyIg?
cMelIyKW0>5 0CGgSaes . rhUtmkdl;eBlenHenAl¥ .
2>4kareRbIR)as;KMrUkarekþAenAelIEpndI
KMrRU tUv)aneRbIR)as;eFVCI akrBüakrN¾sMrab;GnaKt nigl¥srM ab;kareqIy { etIGVIRbsinebIvaCa ? } .
]TahrN¾ ³
 edaysarEtedImeQICaGñkRsUbyk kabUbDIGuksIut etIGVIngw ekIteLIgRbsinebIeyIgkan;bnßy
nUv cMnYnrbs;edImeQI edayeyIgkab;vaCaerogral;qñaM ?.
 etIGVInwgekIteLIgRbsinebImnusSeRbIR)as;\TæiBlvisV½kkmµ\næ³kan;EteRcIneLIg ?
etIGVInwgekIteLIgenARbsinebIeyIgkat;bnßy ebskmµkabUnDIGuksIutrbs;eyIgnUvcMnYn CagBak;kNþal enAry³
eBl50qñaxM agmux?
ដរៀបដរៀងដោយក្រុមក្រូឧដទ្យេសមុមវ ិវ ិជាែនវនវ ិទ្យា ទ្យំព័រ25
ដេប៉ាតឺម៉ាង់អប់រ ំ វ ិទ្យាស្ថានជាតិអប់រ ំ

ទំង Gs;enHKWCaRbePTénsMNrY EdlGñkviTüasaRsþCaeRcIn)annwgkMBugecaTsYr dUcCaBYkeKcUleTAkñúgshvtSfµI

GBa¢gw . KMrUénkMedAEpndIGacnwgpþl;eGayBYkeKnUvcMelIy b:uEnþetIcMelIyTaMgenHnwgeTogTat;c,as;las;eT ?
KMrKU Wkan; EtmanPaBsµúKsµajeLIg GñkviTüasaRsþkan;EtykcitþTukdak;RtUvEteFVIvaeGay)anenAeBlkMBugeRbI
R)as;BYkvaedIm,I eFVIkarBüakrN¾ . KMrUkMedAenAelIEpndI KWmanPaBsµRú KsµajbMput dUcenHGñkviTüasaRsþCaerOy²
KWeRbIR)as;BaküdUcCa GaceTArYc possible nig GacnwgmaneLIg probable ¬muxCa ¦ enAeBleFVkI arBüakrN¾ .
karsakl,gEdl R)akdæmanEtmYYyKt; énKMrUenHKWsakl,geBlevla .
rMlwk
1>etIGñkviTüasaRsþmñak;GaceRbIR)as;KMrUmYyedIm,Isakl,gKMrUynþehaHfµI)anya:gdUceemþc ?
2>etItaraviTUmanEdlkMNt;ya:gdUcemþcenAeBlEdlBYkeKKUrKMrUbg;rbs;skl ?
3>karviPaKBIkarTMnak;TMng ³ eQµaHénKuNsm,tþimYyrbs;KMrUrbU nigKuNsm,tþmi YyepSgeToténKMrUKNitviTüa ?

kargarRsavRCavbEnßm³
RbFanbT ³ kareRbIR)as;KMrUenAkñgú EpndIviTüa Using model in Earth Science
GIunFWENt ³ www.scilinks.org

ដរៀបដរៀងដោយក្រុមក្រូឧដទ្យេសមុមវ ិវ ិជាែនវនវ ិទ្យា ទ្យំព័រ26

ដេប៉ាតឺម៉ាង់អប់រ ំ វ ិទ្យាស្ថានជាតិអប់រ ំ

មេមរៀនទី៤៖
រង្វា្់ និងពគពមានគនមះមាន្នែក់

matikasikSa³
- RbEvg
- maD
- TMgn;
- sItuNPð aB
GVIEdlGñknwg)aneFVVI
- Bnül;BIsar³sMxan;énRbB½næxñatGnþrCati
- kMNt;nUvÉktaEdlsmrmüsMrab;eRbIkúñgkarvas;Fatu rWbMEnktUc²
- kMnt;nUvnimitþsBasuvtßPi aBenAkñgú bnÞb;BiesaFn¾ nigkMNt;BIGtþn½yrbs;va

1>esckþIepþIm
rab;ryqñaMmkehIy RbeTsepSg²)aneRbIR)as;RbB½næénrgVas;xus²Kña . krNImYyenAkñgú RbeTsGg;eKs
xñatTMhMRbEvgKWKitCaGIug inch KW)anmkBIRKab;FBaCatimüa:gEdldak;dk;cugmçageTAcugmçag. xñatTMhMRbEvg
mYy epSgeTotvaKWykmUldæanénEpñkrbs;ragkay dUcCaeCIgCaedIm . xñaténÉktaþhak;dUcCaminsUvc,as;las;
esaH edaysarvaEp¥kelImUldæanelITMhMrbs;vtßú EdlmanTMhMepSg²Kña .
CayfaehtumnusS)anTTYlsÁal;fa manesckþIRtUvkarmYy sMrab;manRbB½nærgVas;sklmYy EdleFVI
CaKMrU nigmanPaBeTogTat; . enAcugqñaM1700mCÄmNÐlviTüasaRsþ)araMg French Academy of Science )an
begáItGPivDÆn¾ eTAelIRbB½næenaH . Cag200qñaMeRkaymkRbB½næEm:RTI \LÚvenHeK)aneFVeI GayRbesIreLIg vij
RtUv )aneKehAfa RbB½næxñatGnþrCati International System Units | SI | .
2>kareRbIR)as;RbB½næxñatGnþrCati SI

ដរៀបដរៀងដោយក្រុមក្រូឧដទ្យេសមុមវ ិវ ិជាែនវនវ ិទ្យា ទ្យំព័រ27

ដេប៉ាតឺម៉ាង់អប់រ ំ វ ិទ្យាស្ថានជាតិអប់រ ំ

bc©úb,nñenHGñkviTüasaRsþPaKeRcIn nigesÞIEtRKb;RbeTsenAelIBiPBelak)aneRbIR)as;RbB½nñxñatGnþr
CatienH . KuNsm,tþiEtmYyY Kt;EdlrgVas;RbB½næxñatGnþrCatienHKWfa vaCYyGñkviTüasaRsþTaMgGs;edImI,Eck
rMElk nig eRbobeFobkarsegát niglTæplrbs;BYkeK . KuNsm,tþei pSgeTotén SI KWfa ral;ÉktþaTaMgGs;man
mUldæanCa cMnYnelx 10 EdlvaKWCaelxmYyEdlmanPaBgayRsYl edIm,IeRbIR)as;enAkñúgkarKNna .
taragenAkñúgrUbTI17 )aneRbIkarcUlrYmpSM Éktaþ SI CargVas;RbEvg rgVas;maD rgVas;TgM n; nigrgVas;sItuNðPaB .

rUbTI17៖ buBVbTEdl)aneRbICamYyÉktþa SI )anpas;BkY vaeGayeTACaÉktþaFMCag rWtUcCag . buBVbT)an

eRbIGaRs½yeTAelITMhMénvtßúEdl)anvas; .
- rgVas;RbEvg ³
-Em:Rt ³ m ³ m
-KILÚEm:Rt ³ Km ³ Km 1Km esµI 1 000m
-edsuIEm:Rt³ dm ³ dm 1dm esµI 0>1m
-sg;TEI m:Rt³ sm ³ cm 1sm esµI 0>01m
-mIlIEm:Rt ³ mm³ mm 1mm esµI 0>001m
-mIRkUEm:Rt ³ mkm³ µm 1mkm esµI 0>000
001m-NanUEm:Rt៖nm ³ nm 1nm esµI 0>000 000
001m - Em:RtKUb៖ m3
-sg;TEI m:RtKUb sm3 (cm3 ) 1sm3 esµ0I >000 001m
-edsIEm:RtKUb៖ dm3 dm3 1lIt= l1dm3esµI0>001m3
-mIlIlIt ml ( ml ) 1mlesµI 0>001lesµI1sm3

-KILÚRkam ³KRk Kg
-Rkam ³ Rk g 1Rk esµI 0>001KRk
-mIlIRkam³mRk mg 1mRkesµI 0>000 001KRk

ដរៀបដរៀងដោយក្រុមក្រូឧដទ្យេសមុមវ ិវ ិជាែនវនវ ិទ្យា ទ្យំព័រ28

ដេប៉ាតឺម៉ាង់អប់រ ំ វ ិទ្យាស្ថានជាតិអប់រ ំ

273 Ko

100 GgSaesesµI373 o
K

-Eklvin³ K
0

-Esls‘su oC 0 0C GgSaes esµI

2>1rgVas;RbEvg
etIpÞaMgTwkkkenAkñúgrUbTI18enHmankMras;bn:u µan ?edIm,Ierobrab;BRI bEvgrbs;va GñkEpndIviTüanwgRbEhl
Ca eRbIR)as;Em:Rt m . Em:Rt KWCamUldæanRKwHénÉktaénrgVas;RbEvgenAkñgú RbB½næxñatGnþrCati . Em:RtRtUv
)aneKEbgEck rWedayBhuKuNén10 edImI,begáItCaRbB½næxñatGnþrCatiepSgeTot énRbEvg. RbsinebIGñkEck1
Em:Rtnwg 100Epñk ]TahrN¾ EpñknimYy²nwgesµI 1sg;TIEm:Rt . enAkñgú BaküepSgeTot 1 sg;TIEm:Rt KWesµITI
100én1Em:Rt . manvtßxú HmanTMhMtUcxaMNas;EdlTMhMenaHKWtUcCagxñatEdleyIgRtUv)aneRbIR)as;eTAeTot .
edIm,Ierobrab;BIRbEvg envtßúEdlenAkñgú mIRkUTsSn¾ KWeKeRbIR)as;mIRkUEm:Rt µm rW NanUEm:Rt nm . bnþeTAviFIepSg
eTot 1000Em:RtKWesµI 1KILÚEm:Rt . rUbTI19)anbgðajGñkBIénRbEvgEdlTak;TgeTAnwgvtßeú pSg²Kña .

rUbTI18 ៖enHKWCarUbrbs;GñkviTüasaRsþkMBugvas;kMras;rbs;paÞ MgTwkkk

ដរៀបដរៀងដោយក្រុមក្រូឧដទ្យេសមុមវ ិវ ិជាែនវនវ ិទ្យា ទ្យំព័រ29

ដេប៉ាតឺម៉ាង់អប់រ ំ វ ិទ្យាស្ថានជាតិអប់រ ំ

rUbTI19៖ TMhMénvtßú)ankMBugvas;)ankMnt;GEVI dlRbB½næxñatRbEvgGnþrCati)aneRbIR)as;

2>2 rgVas;maD
Rsém:fa GñkKWCaGñkviTüasaRsþmñak;EdlRtUvkarnaMykpUsIlu eTakan;sar³mnÞImYy . etImanpUsIulb:unµan
EdlsmlµmTukenAkñgú LaMgmYy . vaGaRs½yeTAnwgmaDrbs;LaMgenaH nigmaDrbs;pUsuIlnimYy². maDKWCa bri
maN én lMhEdlvtßúGVmI YyRtUvkarkEngenaH rW dUcCaenAkñgú krNIrbs;LaMgGBa¢wg brimaNénlMhEdlvtßúman .
maDrbs;vtßúrav KWCaerOy²KitCalItl . lItKWGaRs½yeTAelImUldæanRKwHEm:Rt . 1Em:RtKUbKWesµI1000
lIt . enAkñúgBakepSgeTot 1000lIténvtßúrav nwgsmlµmeTACamYYynwgrbGb;1Em:RtenAxagnimYy² . RKan;Et
dUcCa Em:Rt lItGacRtUv)anEckCaÉktatUcCagenHteTAeTot . mYymIlIlIt ml KWesµnI wgTI1Ban;dgénlIt
ehIyesµnI wg 1 sg;TEI m:RtKUb cm3 . mIRkUlIt µl TI1 landgénlIt . sILu aMRkit Graduate Cylinder
RtUv)aneRbIR)as; vas;nvU maDrbs;vtßrú av .

Gnuvtþn¾
vas;beNþayénturbs;Gñk b:uEnþmni RtUveRbIbnÞat; rWk¾ExSEm:Rt . sUmykvtßmú YyeRbIR)as;eFVCI axñaténkar
vas;rbs;Gñk . vaGaceRbIR)as;)anCamYy exµAédmYy édrbs;Gñk rWvtßúepSgdéTepSgeTot . rkemIletImanxñat
b:unµanEdlGacvas;beNþayturbs;Gñk ehIyeRbobeFobkarvas;rbs;Gkñ CamYykarvas;rbs;mitþrmY fñak;rbs;Gñk
. enAkñgú emeronviTüasaRsþrbs;Gñk)anR)ab;GñkehtuGVIkR¾ bB½nxæ ñatGnþrCatimansar³sMxan;xaMgénkarvas;.

2>3 rgVas;maDénGgÁFaturwg

ដរៀបដរៀងដោយក្រុមក្រូឧដទ្យេសមុមវ ិវ ិជាែនវនវ ិទ្យា ទ្យំព័រ30

ដេប៉ាតឺម៉ាង់អប់រ ំ វ ិទ្យាស្ថានជាតិអប់រ ំ

maDénvtßúrwgFM² KWKitCaEm:RtKUb . maDEdlmanvtßútUcCag dUcCaLaMgenAkñgú rUbTI20 GacKitCasgl

TIEm:Rt KIb rW k¾mIlIEm:RtKUb . edImI,KNnamaDvtßúmYyénragrbs;RbGb;enH KuNRbEvgrbs;vtßúeTAnwg TTwg
nigkMBs;rbs;va .
vtßúdUcCapUsIlu nig silaKWmanragmineTogTat; . RbsinebIGñkKuNEtRbEvgbNþay TTwg nigkMBs;rbs;
va GñknwgminTTYl)annUvkarvas;mYyd¾RtwmRtUvenaHeT . manviFImYyeTAelIkarkMNt;maDrbs;vtßúEdlmanragmin
c,as;las; KWRtUvvas; etIvtßúravmantMélb:unµanEdlehorecjmkxageRkA dUcCaenAkñúgrUbTI 21 KWCarUbekµgRsI
EdlkMBug vas;maDrbs;silaedaykardak;enAkñúgsIuLaMRkitEdlmanTwk)andwgbrimaN . sisSGacrkXIjmaD
rbs;sila eday kardkykecjénmaDrbs;Tkw EtmYyecjBImaDTwk nigsilaecj .

rUbTI20៖maDrbs;sLIu aMgGacRtUv)anKNnaedaykarKuNRbEvgbeNþayrbs;vaCamYynwgTTwgnigkMBs;rbs;va .

rUbTI21 ៖ enHKWCarUbbMBg;sIuLaMgRkit EdlmancMNuHTwkenAxagkñúgcMnYn 70 ml. eRkayBI)anbEnßm

sila kMritrbs;Twkk¾)anERbRbYleTACa80ml . edaysarEtsila)anbgðaj10ml enAkñúgTwkehIyedaysarEt
1 mlesµnI wg 1sg;TIEm:RtKUb enaHmaDrbs;sila KW10sg;TIEm:RtKUb .

ដរៀបដរៀងដោយក្រុមក្រូឧដទ្យេសមុមវ ិវ ិជាែនវនវ ិទ្យា ទ្យំព័រ31

ដេប៉ាតឺម៉ាង់អប់រ ំ វ ិទ្យាស្ថានជាតិអប់រ ំ

2>4 rgVas;TMgn;
etIpÞaMsilad¾FmM YyGacnwgeFVIclnaremoleTAkñgú ExSTwk)anya:gdUcemþc?
vaGaRs½yeTAelIfamBlrbs;ExSTwkenaH nigmas;rbs;pÞaMgTwkkkenaH . ma:s KWCabrimaNénrUbFatuEdlvtßúenaH
begáIteLIg . KILÚRkam KWCaxñatRKwHsMrab;ma:s ehIyRtUv)aneRbIR)as;edIm,Ierobrab;BmI a:s;vtßúdUcCapÞaMgTwkkk .
eTaHCaya:gNak‘¾mankarrYmpSMvtßCú aeRcInmanminsUvFMb:unµan . RkamRtUv)aneRbIR)as;edIm,Ierobrab;BmI a:sénvtßú
EdltUc Cag dUcCa Epøb:m . ma:srbs;vtßFú M dUcCadMrI KWKitCa em:RTIetan metrictons . 1 emRTIetan
esµ1I 000KILÚRkam.
2>5 rgVas;sItuNðPaB
etIkMEGlPñMePIøgEdlhUrekþAb:uNÑaEdr ? edIm,IeqøIynUvsMnrY enH GñkEpndIviTüaRtUvkarvas;sItuNðPaBén
kMEGlPñMដ្លីង . sItuNPð aB KWkarvas;vtßmú YyénPaBekþA rWRtCak; . GñkRbEhlCa)aneRbIR)as;edIm,Ierobrab;BI
sItuNPð aBCamYy nwgdWeRkhaVriéh F . GñkviTüasaRsþ)aneRbIR)as;deW RkEsls‘ul C nikdWeRkEklvin K
o o o

EdlKWCaRbB½nxæ ñat sItuNðPaB GnþrCati . ETm:EU m:RtEdl)anbgðajenAxagsþaM KWCaTMnak;TnM grvagdWeRkEsls‘us

oC CamYydWeRk hVariéh FKWCa ÉktamYyEdlGñknwg)aneXIjenAkñúgesovePAenHCaerOy² .
o

3> vin½ysuvtßiPaB
EpndIviTüamankarrMePIb nigmanPaBrIkray b:uEnþvak¾GacmannUvPaBeRKaHfñak;xøH²Edr .
sUmkMcu ab;yk »kas EbbenH ¡ GñkEtgEteFVItamkarENnaMBRI KUrbs;Gñk nigminRtUveFVItamviFIkat;NamYyeLIy
eTaHbI CaenAeBlEdlGñkKitfa manPaBeRKaHfñak;tictYc nigKµanesaHk¾eday .
muneBlcab;epþmI eFVIkarsegáteTAelIviTüasaRsþmYycMnYn RtUvTTYlkarGnuBaØatiCamunsinBIRKUrbs;Gñk nig
GanBI dMeNIrRbugRby½tñenAkñúgbnÞb;BiesaFn¾ . sUmcUlrYmepþatkarRbugRby½tCñ anic©eTAelIBt’mansuvtßPi aB nig
buBVehtubgá eGaymaneRKaHfñak;. taragenAxageRkam )anbgðajBInmi itþsBaØasuvtßiPaBEdl)aneRbIR)as;enAkñgú
esovePAenH . sUmTTYldwgBInimitþsBaØaTaMgenH nigBIGtþn½yrbs;vapg . Gnuvtþn¾karGanBt’mansuvtþiPaBTaMg
enH edaykarcab;epþIm enAkñúgTMB½r626 enHvamansar³sMxan;xaMgNas;¡ RbsinebIGñk enAEtminR)akdæ BIGVIEdl
CaGtþn½y nimitsþ BaØasuvtßiPaBeT sUmsYrRKUrbs;Gñk .

ដរៀបដរៀងដោយក្រុមក្រូឧដទ្យេសមុមវ ិវ ិជាែនវនវ ិទ្យា ទ្យំព័រ32

ដេប៉ាតឺម៉ាង់អប់រ ំ វ ិទ្យាស្ថានជាតិអប់រ ំ

rMlwk
1>etIplRbeyaCn¾2ya:génkaeeRbIR)as;RbB½næxñatGnþrCatimanFVxI H ?
2>etIRbB½næxñatmYyNaEdll¥bMputsMrab;karerobrab;BImaDrbs;saMgenAkñúgLanmYy ?
3>eFVIkarKNna etIGVIEdlCaRbEvgEdltUcbMput nigTTwg } CaEm:Rt { énRbGb;mYyEdlGacmanvtßúmanTTwg56
sm nigbeNþay 834mm .
karRsavRCavbEnßm³ enAkñúgRbB½nGæ IunFWENt
Topic:System of Measurement
www.scilink.org

ដរៀបដរៀងដោយក្រុមក្រូឧដទ្យេសមុមវ ិវ ិជាែនវនវ ិទ្យា ទ្យំព័រ33