Chapter I

INTRODUCTION

Situation Analysis

Have you ever wondered if you can harvest electricity in a different way? It made

the researchers think a lot and they had to do a couple of research to find the answer. It

was not easy to think of an energy alternative that is not related to wind, solar,

hydropower or biogas.

The research by Department of Energy (2016) told that coal fired power plants

constitute the largest share in the installed and dependable capacity in 2015 at 32% and

34% respectively. Among renewable energy, hydro sources’ share remained the highest at

19% majority of which comes from the Mindanao Grid. With the FIT incentives and

continued support of the DOE and energy agencies and stakeholders, Variable Renewable

Energy (VRE) such as wind and solar grew remarkably by 50.9% (144 MW increase) and

16.0% (142 MW increase) respectively from 2014 to 2015.

Coal as a power source requires the burning of fossil fuels releases greenhouse

gases into the atmosphere, increasing levels of CO2 and other gasses, trapping heat, and

contributing to global climate change (EIA, 2016).

Few people outside of the energy industry are aware that the Philippines is a

major player in geothermal power development worldwide. Next to the US, the

Philippines is second in terms of total installed plant capacity out of twenty four (24)

countries utilizing geothermal energy for electric power generation (Vicedo, 2017).

1
 Electricity production from hydroelectric sources (% of total) in Philippines was

13.31 as of 2013. Its highest value over the past 42 years was 28.69 in 1986, while its

lowest value was 0.00 in 1971 (OECD/IEA, 2014).

According to the New York Times (2016), every day, each vehicle can travel for

about sixty-seven (67) kilometers and for every rotation of the wheel, there is a great

amount of force that can be created wherein this force is equal to the distance traveled of

the vehicle. So, the researchers ask themselves, maybe it is possible to produce electricity

from the wheels of running vehicles.

According to Jamie and Aaron (2012), Windstream, a stationary pedal powered

generator has been created by the Convergence Tech and Magnificent Revolution. They

have produced a typical design where a back-wheel stand is included that elevates the

bicycle and causes the back wheel to come in contact with a smaller wheel that is hooked

up to a “bicycle dynamo” and a large battery. Their study uses a dynamo which means

that they used electromagnetic induction as a source of energy and we can conclude that

electromagnetic induction is an efficient way to produce electricity.

As mentioned by Danessa Rivera of The Philippine Star newspaper, Philippine

power rates remain one of the highest in Southeast Asia as of end-2016 due to continued

lack of government subsidies, latest Department of Energy (DOE) data showed. Based on

the Power Development Plan 2017 to 2040 released last August 2017, the country’s

power rates are among the highest in the region, at par with the level in Singapore. In

terms of electricity rates to industries, both countries have rates of P5.84 per kilowatt-

hour (kwh) but in terms of commercial and household rates, the Philippines has the

highest at P7.49 per kwh and P8.90 per kwh, respectively. Singapore, on the other hand,

2
has a uniform rate of P7.27 per kwh for both commercial and household. In its report, the

DOE said a major reason for the higher prices is the absence of government subsidies.

Iris (2013) stated in the Philippine Star Newspaper that according to the

government think-tank Philippine Institute for Development Studies (PIDS) in a study by

Adoracion Navarro, a senior research fellow of the Institute, Maxensius Tri Sambodo of

Indonesian Institute of Sciences Economic Research Center, and Jessie Todoc,

Philippines Country Manager of Southeast Asia Energy Access and Alternative Energy,

International Copper Association Southeast Asia, about 16 million people in the

Philippines still do not have access to electricity, forming part of the 130 million in

Southeast Asia who still do not have access to electricity. .

The importance of developing an improvised generator to produce electricity has

been recognized by the industry. However, there are still numerous ways of producing

electricity that has not been given some attention. An example of this is the utilizing of

piezoelectric effect to produce an electricity. The researchers had proposed an effective

improvised generator. The researchers proposed this research in order for the community

to have an alternative way to produce electricity by a renewable source.

The researchers are Filipino students that lived in the Philippines and by just

looking at the surroundings, the researchers can see that a lot of people are suffering from

poverty wherein they cannot afford electricity. The researchers will develop an effective

improvised generator that produces electricity wherein anyone can produce electricity of

their own by powering up the machine by mechanical force.

3
Statement of Objectives

The study aimed to construct and design the effective improvised generator.

Specifically, it seeks to answer the following sub-problems.

1. To evaluate the level of comparison among the 3 types of generator with more loops,

generator with stronger magnet and generator with faster rotation of magnet in terms of:

a. Appearance

b. Functionality

c. Durability

d. Efficiency

2. To determine the significant difference among the 3 comparison between generator

with more loops, generator with stronger magnet and generator with faster rotation of

magnet in terms of:

a. Appearance

b. Functionality

c. Durability

d. Efficiency

3. To analyze the best type of generator in producing electricity in terms of:

a. Number of loops

b. Speed of rotation of magnet

c. Strength of magnet

4
Definition of Terms

Battery. A device consisting of one or more electrochemical cells with external

connections provided to power electrical devices such as flashlights, smartphones, and

electric cars.

Biogas. A fuel gas, a mixture consisting of 65% methane (CH4) and of 35% CO2.

It is a renewable energy resulting from biomass.

Dynamo. An electrical generator that produces direct current with the use of a

commutator.

Electricity. The presence and flow of electric charge. Its best-known form is the

flow of electrons through conductors such as copper wires.

Electromagnetic Induction. A process where a conductor placed in a changing

magnetic field (or a conductor moving through a stationary magnetic field) causes the

production of a voltage across the conductor.

Hydropower. Water released from the reservoir flows through a turbine, spinning

it, which in turn activates a generator to produce electricity

Piezoelectric effect. The ability of certain materials to generate an AC

(alternating current) voltage when subjected to mechanical stress or vibration, or to

vibrate when subjected to an AC voltage, or both.

Solar power. The conversion of energy from sunlight into electricity, either

directly using photovoltaics (PV), or indirectly using concentrated solar power.

Voltage. An electromotive force or potential difference expressed in volts.

Wind energy. Describes the process by which wind is used to generate electricity

5
 Chapter II

METHODOLOGY

This chapter presents the materials that were used, systematic procedures that

were followed and the treatments of the data that was gathered in this research

study. It presents the different variables and the factors that affect the study

through experimentation, data collection and analysis.

Research Design

This study entitled “Constructing and Design an Effective Improvised Generator”

uses an experimental design. Experimental design is a systematic and scientific approach

to research in which the researcher manipulates one or more variables, and controls and

measures any change in any other variables. The independent variable is the efficiency of

the improvised generator and the dependent variable is the electricity produced by the

generator. The researchers will test significance of improvised generator in terms of

efficiency by having some professionals to evaluate the credibility of the study.

A. Materials

Three (3) plastic cylinder, wire, aluminum rod, thirty pieces neodymium magnet, led

bulb, super glues, alligator clips, aluminum sheet, screws, nails, gearbox, and plywood.

The researchers made use of different equipment in conducting the study such as drill to

make a hole for the stand of the generator. Hammer was used for locking the nails onto

the plywood. Screw driver was used on locking the screws to the stand. Metal cutter was

also used to cut the aluminum sheet and excess metals. Voltmeter was also used in order

to test how many voltage the generator produced.

6
B. Procedures

Phase I: Gathering all the materials Phase II: Preparation of the

needed materials

Phase IV: Making the stand of Phase III: Making the dynamo of
the generator the three generator
 Figure 1. Phases in the Experiment
Phase V: Assembling the Phase VI: Observation and
generator evaluation of the generators

Phase I: Gathering all the materials needed

The researchers got the three (3) plastic cylinder from the used containers of

cologne, while the wire were obtained from old televisions that are not working. The

aluminum rod, thirty pieces neodymium magnet, led bulb, super glues, alligator clips,

aluminum sheet, screws, nails, gearbox, and plywood were purchased in the market.

Phase II: Preparation of the materials

The researchers prepared the materials needed in making the generator. The

materials needed in making the dynamo which are the wire, neodymium magnet, and

aluminum rod were separated from the materials in making the body and stand of the

generator which are led bulb, super glues, alligator clips, aluminum sheet, screws, nails,

gearbox, and plywood.

Phase III: Making the dynamo of the three generator

The researchers first assembled the dynamo of the generator wherein three

dynamos were made for the three types of the generator. The first dynamo has the highest

number of loops, the second dynamo has the highest number of magnet and the third

generator has the fastest rotation of magnet.

Phase IV: Making the stand of the generator

8
 After the researchers made the three (3) dynamos, they make the stand of the

three generator. To make the stand, the researchers cut four strip of three inches of

aluminum sheet using the metal cutter then they made a rectangle shaped strip with a

measurement of two and three fourth (2 3/4) inch in length and a height of one and one-

fourth (1 1/4). After cutting the one and one-fourth aluminum sheet by strips, the

researchers fold the four strips in an L-shape strip with a base having a measurement of

one inch then they drill the longer side of the L-shaped aluminum strip to produce two

holes. After drilling two holes on the L-shaped aluminum strip, the researchers aligned

the two L-shaped aluminum strip facing each other to act as a stand for the rectangle

shaped aluminum sheet then after aligning the L-shaped aluminum strip and the

rectangle-shaped aluminum sheet, the researchers mark location on the aluminum sheets

where the holes will be place. After marking, they drill the aluminum sheets then put the

screws and nail the base of the L-shaped strips to the plywood. The researchers drill a

hole to the rectangle-shaped aluminum sheet where will the gearbox will be attached.

Phase V: Assembling the generators

After the researchers drill a hole to the rectangle-shaped aluminum sheet, they

attached the gearbox to it and locked it with a nut and screw by using a screw driver then

the researchers attached the aluminum rod of the dynamo to the gearbox. After that, they

put the magnet in the aluminum rod located at the center of the coil. The researchers

connect the end of the two wires of the coil to an alligator clip to be connected to the

LED bulb.

Phase VI: Observation and Evaluation of the generators

9
 After making the generator, the researchers observed and tested first the three

generator to make sure it is working then after testing, the researchers went to the five

professionals to evaluate the generators.

Data Gathering Tool

For this study, the survey-questionnaire instruments were used achieve the main

objective of the study. A self-administered questionnaire were distributed to the

professionals. The questionnaire given to the professionals aimed to assess how much

voltage did the generator produced. In addition, this also aims to evaluate the

acceptability of the improvised generator to produce electricity. In general, the

performance of the improvised generator to produce electricity were evaluated in this

study in order to determine whether it will produce enough electricity and if it will

accepted by the community.

The study will have evaluators directly from the school professional teachers and

engineers that were chosen by the researchers.

Herein, there were five (5) evaluators who were engineers and professionals who

had taken mechanical and electrical courses will answer the questionnaire survey. The

evaluators were given 1 day to complete the survey questionnaire upon request. After

collecting the questionnaires, the responses were tallied, computed, analyzed, and

recorded.

10
 The questionnaire were structured in such a way that evaluators were able to

answer it easily. Thus, the set of questionnaires were structured using the Hedonic Scale

format.

Five (5) point Hedonic scale

Scale Range of Score Interpretation

5 4.24-5.00 Highly Acceptable

4 3.43-4.23 Very Acceptable

3 2.62-3.42 Acceptable

2 1.81-2.61 Fair Acceptable

1 1.00-1.80 Not Acceptable

Analysis of Data

The following statistical tools were used to treat the data collected from the study.

To analyze the level of comparison between the types of generator in producing

electricity in terms of number of loops, thickness of wire, and strength of magnet, mean

and ANOVA were used. Mean is the quantity of having a value intermediate between the

values of other quantities, an average. It has the formula of:

11
x́=
∑x
no . of cases

Where∑ x is the sum of all the data.

Analysis of variance is the collection of statistical models used to analyze the

differences among group means and their associated procedures.

To analyze the significant difference among the types of generator in producing

electricity in terms of, thickness of wire, and strength of magnet, mean and ANOVA will

be used.

To analyze the best types of generator in producing electricity in terms of number

of loops, speed of rotation of magnet and strength of magnet, mean will be used.

12
 Chapter III

RESULTS AND FINDINGS

This chapter presents the results and discussions of the data gathered from the

survey about the study entitled “Designing and Constructing an Effective Improvised

Generator”. Tables were used to present the results of the study.

Table 1. Level of Comparison between the three Types of

Generator in Terms of Appearance

Average Weighted Mean Descriptive Equivalent Rating

Generator Types
(AWM) (DER)
Generator with more loops 4.6 HA
Generator with stronger magnets 4.4 HA
Generator with faster rotation of 4.4 HA

magnet
Legend: 4.24-5.00 - Highly Acceptable - HA
3.43-4.23 - Very Acceptable - VA
2.62-3.42 - Acceptable -A
1.82-2.61 - Fair Acceptable -FA
1.00-1.81 - Not Acceptable -NA

As shown in the table, the generator with more loops and generator with more

loops obtained the highest Average Weighted Mean (AWM) of four point six (4.6) which

indicates that the generators are highly accepted in terms of appearance for the reason

that the connection of the generator with more loops is more organized than the two

generators while the generator with stronger magnets and faster rotation of magnets

recorded the Average Weighted mean of four point four (4.4), which is lower than the

generator with more loops. The two generators have lower Average weighted mean than

the first generator in terms of appearance because the connection of the two generator are

not that organized.

13
 Table 2. Level of Comparison between the Three Types of
Generator in terms of Functionality

Generator Types AWM DER

Generator with more loops 4.8 Highly Acceptable
Generator with stronger magnets 4.2 Very Acceptable
Generator with faster rotation of 4.6 Highly Acceptable

magnet
Legend: 4.24-5.00 - Highly Acceptable - HA
3.43-4.23 - Very Acceptable - VA
2.62-3.42 - Acceptable -A
1.82-2.61 - Fair Acceptable -FA
1.00-1.81 - Not Acceptable -NA

As shown in the table, the generator with more loops obtained the highest

Average Weighted Mean (AWM) of four point eight (4.8) which indicates that it is

highly acceptable in terms of functionality for the reason that the generator with more

loops produce more electricity than the other two generator and easier to operate.

According to Evans (2015), portable generators must be user friendly, offering

consumers the convenience they need. One should not have a difficult time just trying to

operate it. While the generator with faster rotation obtained the second highest average

weighted mean which is four point six (4.6) because although it produce lesser volts than

the generator with stronger magnet, it is easier to operate than the generator with stronger

magnet that is why it only obtained an average weighted mean of four point two (4.2).

Table 3. Level of Comparison between the Three Types of

Generator in Terms of Durability

Treatment AWM DER

Generator with more loops 4.2 Very Acceptable
Generator with stronger magnets 3.6 Very Acceptable
Generator with faster rotation of 4.4 Highly Acceptable

magnet
Legend: 4.24-5.00 - Highly Acceptable - HA
3.43-4.23 - Very Acceptable - VA
2.62-3.42 - Acceptable -A
1.82-2.61 - Fair Acceptable -FA

14
 1.00-1.81 - Not Acceptable -NA

As shown in the table, the generator with faster rotation of magnets obtained the

highest Average Weighted Mean (AWM) of four point four (4.4) which indicates that the

generator is highly accepted in terms of durability because even though how many crank

it will take, it is still working and not destroyed while the generator with more loops and

recorded the Average Weighted mean of four point two (4.2), which is lower than the

other generator and it indicates that it is very accepted in terms of durability because after

many crank, the generator with more loops is already difficult to use. The generator with

stronger magnets recorded the lowest average weighted mean of three point six (3.6)

because after many crank, the generator obtained a slight damaged.

Table 4. Level of Comparison between the Three Types of

Generator in terms of Efficiency

Treatment AWM DER

Generator with more loops 4.6 Highly Acceptable
Generator with stronger magnets 4.4 Highly Acceptable
Generator with faster rotation of 4.4 Highly Acceptable
magnet
Legend: 4.24-5.00 - Highly Acceptable - HA
3.43-4.23 - Very Acceptable - VA
2.62-3.42 - Acceptable -A
1.82-2.61 - Fair Acceptable -FA
1.00-1.81 - Not Acceptable -NA

15
 As shown in the table, the generator with more loops obtained the highest

Average Weighted Mean (AWM) of four point six (4.6) which indicates that it is highly

accepted in terms of efficiency because it produces the greatest amount of voltage which

is ten to twelve (10-12) volts. By increasing the amount of individual conductors cutting

through the magnetic field, the amount of induced electromotive force produced will be

the sum of all the individual loops of the coil (Heiserman, 2015).

The generator with stronger magnets and generator with faster rotation of magnets

only obtained the average weighted mean of four point four (4.4) because they only

produce one to eight (1-8) voltage of current.

Table 5. ANOVA in Terms of Appearance

Source of Degree of Sum of Mean of

Fcal Fcrit
Variance Freedom Squares Squares

Between 2 187.77 93.59

6.12 3.89
Within 12 184.21 15.35

As shown in the table, the calculated value of F is six point twelve (6.12) in terms

of appearance. It is higher than the critical value of F, which is three point eighty-nine

(3.89). Therefore, it implies that the percentage of the 3 comparison between generator

with more loops, generator with stronger magnet and generator with faster rotation of

16
magnet has a significant difference in terms of appearance because they are organized

differently.

Table 6. ANOVA in Terms of Functionality

Source of Degree of Sum of Mean of

Fcal Fcrit
Variance Freedom Squares Squares

Between 2 130.63 65.32

6.08 3.89
Within 12 128.90 10.75

As shown in the table, the calculated value of F is six point zero-eight (6.08) in

terms of functionality. It is higher than the critical value of F, which is three point eighty-

nine (3.89). Therefore, it implies that the percentage of the 3 comparison between

generator with more loops, generator with stronger magnet and generator with faster

rotation of magnet has a significant difference in terms of functionality because they

function differently for the reason that they have different amount of materials.

Table 7. ANOVA in Terms of Durability

Source of Degree of Sum of Mean of

Fcal Fcrit
Variance Freedom Squares Squares

Between 2 172.93 86.47

6.18 3.89
Within 12 164 13.67

As shown in the table, the calculated value of F is six point eighteen (6.18) in

terms of durability. It is higher than the critical value of F, which is three point eighty-

17
nine (3.89). Therefore, it implies that the percentage of the 3 comparison between

generator with more loops, generator with stronger magnet and generator with faster

rotation of magnet has a significant difference in terms of durability because the amount

of materials used in the three generators are different from each other that is why some

are more durable than the others.

Table 8. ANOVA in Terms of Efficiency

Source of Degree of Sum of Mean of

Fcal Fcrit
Variance Freedom Squares Squares

Between 2 194.74 97.37

6.34 3.89
Within 12 186.47 15.37

As shown in the table, the calculated value of F is six point thirty-four (6.34) in

terms of functionality. It is higher than the critical value of F, which is three point eighty-

nine (3.89). Therefore, it implies that the percentage of the 3 comparison between

generator with more loops, generator with stronger magnet and generator with faster

18
rotation of magnet has a significant difference in terms of efficiency because the three

generators produce different voltage.

Table 9. Table for Best Generator

Generator Types AWM DER

Generator with more loops 4.55 HA
Generator with stronger magnets 4.20 VA
Generator with faster rotation of 4.35 HA

magnet
Legend: 4.24-5.00 - Highly Acceptable - HA
3.43-4.23 - Very Acceptable - VA
2.62-3.42 - Acceptable -A
1.82-2.61 - Fair Acceptable -FA
1.00-1.81 - Not Acceptable -NA

As shown in the table, the generator with more loops obtained the highest

Average Weighted Mean (AWM) of four point fifty-five (4.55) which indicates that the

generator with more loops is the best generator because its appearance is organized, it

functions well, it produces more electricity and it is more durable than the other generator

that is why it is highly acceptable, while the generator with faster rotation recorded with

the Average Weighted mean of four-point thirty-five (4.35), also considered as highly

acceptable because it functions well than the other generator .The generator with stronger

magnets recorded the lowest Average Weighted mean of four point twenty (4.20), which

is lower than the other generator for the reason that it is hard to operate but it still

indicates that the generator is still very acceptable.

Table 10. Table for Best Generator in terms of Voltage produced.

Generator Types Voltage Produced DER

19
 Generator with more loops 10 volts HA
Generator with stronger magnets 4 volts VA
Generator with faster rotation of 3 volts A

magnet
Legend: 4.24-10.00 - Highly Acceptable - HA
3.43-4.23 - Very Acceptable - VA
2.62-3.42 - Acceptable -A
1.82-2.61 - Fair Acceptable -FA
1.00-1.81 - Not Acceptable -NA

As shown in the table, the generator with more loops obtained the highest voltage

produced of ten (10) volts of alternating current which indicates that the generator with

more loops is the best generator and it is highly acceptable, while the generator with

stronger magnets recorded with the voltage produced of four (4) volts and it is very

acceptable. The generator with faster rotation of magnets recorded the lowest voltage

produced of three (3) volts and it is acceptable.

20
 Chapter IV

SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS, AND RECOMMENDATIONS

This chapter presents the summary, conclusion drawn from findings and

recommendations made.

Summary

The researchers conducted the research study entitled “Designing and

Constructing an Effective Improvised Generator”. These generators were made using the

scrap materials that can be seen in the yard so that it can be easily made by everyone.

Systematic procedures were followed to obtain the result of the overall of the

study. Gathering the materials and apparatuses to be used and following the various

methods in making the three types of generator.

Five (5) professionals who were engineers or professionals that have a unit of

electrical and mechanical courses were selected to obtain the data for the presentation,

interpretation and analysis. An experimental research design was used in gathering the

data. A questionnaire was given to each evaluator to rate the appearance, functionality,

durability, and efficiency of the said generator.

21
 After the retrieval of the data, data were presented, analyzed and interpreted in a

table. The best generator was determined with the used of mean. ANOVA was used to

determine if there is a significant difference in the level of acceptability between the

generator with more loops, generator with stronger magnet and generator with the faster

rotation of magnet has a significant difference in terms of appearance, functionality,

durability, and efficiency. Based on the gathered and analyzed data, the following

summary of findings are presented:

1. In terms of Appearance, the Average Weighted Mean of the generator with

more loops is four point six (4.6), followed by generator with stronger magnet

and faster rotation of magnet with an Average Weighted Mean of four point

four (4.4). In terms of Functionality, the Average Weighted Mean of generator

with more loops is four point eight (4.8), followed by generator with the faster

rotation of magnet with an Average Weighted Mean of four point six (4.6),

and lastly, the generator with stronger magnet having an AWM of four point

two (4.2). The generator with the faster of magnet get the highest AWM of

four point four (4.4) in terms of durability, second is the generator with more

loops with an AWM of four point two (4.2) and the generator with stronger

magnet got the lowest AWM of three point six (3.6). The generator with more

loops obtained the highest Average Weighted Mean (AWM) of four point six

(4.6) in terms of efficiency while the generator with stronger magnets and

generator with faster rotation of magnets only obtained the average weighted

mean of four point four (4.4).

22
2. The calculated value of F is six point twelve (6.12) in terms of appearance. It

is higher than the critical value of F, which is three point eighty-nine (3.89)and

it implies that the percentage of the 3 comparison between generator with

more loops, generator with stronger magnet and generator with faster rotation

of magnet has a significant difference in terms of appearance. The calculated

value of F is six point zero-eight (6.08) in terms of functionality. It is higher

than the critical value of F, which is three point eighty-nine (3.89) and it

implies that the percentage of the 3 comparison between generator with more

loops, generator with stronger magnet and generator with faster rotation of

magnet has a significant difference in terms of functionality. The calculated

value of F is six point eighteen (6.18) in terms of durability. It is higher than

the critical value of F, which is three point eighty-nine (3.89) and it implies

that the percentage of the 3 comparison between generator with more loops,

generator with stronger magnet and generator with faster rotation of magnet

has a significant difference in terms of durability. The calculated value of F is

six point thirty-four (6.34) in terms of functionality. It is higher than the

critical value of F, which is three point eighty-nine (3.89) and it implies that

the percentage of the 3 comparison between generator with more loops,

generator with stronger magnet and generator with faster rotation of magnet

has a significant difference in terms of efficiency.

3. The generator with more loops obtained the highest Average Weighted Mean

(AWM) of four point fifty-five(4.55) which indicates that the generator with

more loops is the best, while the generator with faster rotation recorded with

23
 the Average Weighted mean of four-point thirty-five (4.35), also considered as

a highly acceptable. The generator with stronger magnets recorded the lowest

Average Weighted mean of four point twenty (4.20).

Conclusions

After computing and interpreting the results of the data gathered from the

evaluators, these conclusions were made:

1. The three generators are accepted by the evaluators in terms of

appearance, functionality, durability, and efficiency.

2. The three generators have significant differences in terms of appearance,

functionality, durability, and efficiency because the calculated value of F is greater than

the tabular value of F.

3. The generator with more number of loops is the best type of generator

because it produce the highest amount of voltage.

Recommendations

Based on the result of the study, the following are recommended:

1. Citizens of different barangays are encouraged to make and use an improvised

generator for an emergency.

2. Improve the generator for commercial use.

3. Further research to improve this study is highly recommended.

24
APPENDICES

25
 APPENDIX I
Questionnaire
Signature_________________

Instructions: Use the Rating Scale Below to Rate the Generator

Scale Range of Score Interpretation

5 4.24-5.00 Highly Acceptable

4 3.43-4.23 Very Acceptable
3 2.62-3.42 Acceptable
2 1.81-2.61 Fair Acceptable
1 1.00-1.80 Not Acceptable

1. Generator that has more loops of wire functionality

1 2 3 4 5

2. Generator that has more loops of wire appearance

1 2 3 4 5

3. Generator that has more loops of wire durability

1 2 3 4 5

4. Generator that has more loops of wire efficiency

1 2 3 4 5

1. Generator that has stronger magnets functionality

1 2 3 4 5

2. Generator that has stronger magnets appearance

1 2 3 4 5

3. Generator that has stronger magnets durability

1 2 3 4 5

4. Generator that has stronger magnets efficiency

1 2 3 4 5

26
 1. Generator that has faster rotation of magnets functionality
1 2 3 4 5

2. Generator that has faster rotation of magnets appearance

1 2 3 4 5

3. Generator that has faster rotation of magnets durability

1 2 3 4 5

4. Generator that has faster rotation of magnets efficiency

1 2 3 4 5

APPENDIX II
Communication Letter I

Virgil Samonte
Don Eulogio de Guzman Memorial National High School
Calumbaya, Bauang, La Union

Sir,

Greetings in the name of the Lord!

The grade 12 Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics students of Don

Eulogio de Guzman Memorial National High School is conducting a research study

entitled “Designing and Constructing an Effective Improvised Generator” which aims to

make an alternative generator that can be used by the community.

In line with this, may we request you to be our evaluators to evaluate our study. This will

contribute to the improvement and accuracy of information to be gathered in our research

study.

We look forward for your positive response. Thank you!

Respectfully yours,
Abuan, Jemimah C.
Baraña, Nicole L.
Cortez, Melanie Jane A.
Dugayo, Daniel D.
Floresca, John Lloyd O.
Llarenas, Krisha Ann M.
Ponce, Ella Marie D.

27
Villaseca, Amaze Robie C.

Noted by:
Marlon U. Ligas RN. LPT, MAN (Sgd)
Subject Teacher/ Master Teacher II

Myrna U. Ligas LPT, MAEd, PhD (Sgd)

SS Principal IV

Communication Letter II

Elmundo Taberdo
Don Eulogio de Guzman Memorial National High School
Calumbaya, Bauang, La Union

Sir,

Greetings in the name of the Lord!

The grade 12 Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics students of Don

Eulogio de Guzman Memorial National High School is conducting a research study

entitled “Designing and Constructing an Effective Improvised Generator” which aims to

make an alternative generator that can be used by the community.

In line with this, may we request you to be our evaluators to evaluate our study. This will

contribute to the improvement and accuracy of information to be gathered in our research

study.

We look forward for your positive response. Thank you!

Respectfully yours,
Abuan, Jemimah C.
Baraña, Nicole L.
Cortez, Melanie Jane A.
Dugayo, Daniel D.
Floresca, John Lloyd O.
Llarenas, Krisha Ann M.
Ponce, Ella Marie D.
Villaseca, Amaze Robie C.

28
Noted by:
Marlon U. Ligas RN. LPT, MAN (Sgd)
Subject Teacher/ Master Teacher II

Myrna U. Ligas LPT, MAEd, PhD (Sgd)

SS Principal IV

Communication Letter III

Alexander Estrada
Don Eulogio de Guzman Memorial National High School
Calumbaya, Bauang, La Union

Sir,

Greetings in the name of the Lord!

The grade 12 Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics students of Don

Eulogio de Guzman Memorial National High School is conducting a research study

entitled “Designing and Constructing an Effective Improvised Generator” which aims to

make an alternative generator that can be used by the community.

In line with this, may we request you to be our evaluators to evaluate our study. This will

contribute to the improvement and accuracy of information to be gathered in our research

study.

We look forward for your positive response. Thank you!

Respectfully yours,
Abuan, Jemimah C.
Baraña, Nicole L.
Cortez, Melanie Jane A.
Dugayo, Daniel D.
Floresca, John Lloyd O.
Llarenas, Krisha Ann M.
Ponce, Ella Marie D.
Villaseca, Amaze Robie C.

29
Noted by:
Marlon U. Ligas RN. LPT, MAN (Sgd)
Subject Teacher/ Master Teacher II

Myrna U. Ligas LPT, MAEd, PhD (Sgd)

SS Principal IV

Communication Letter IV

Arsenia Cortez
Don Eulogio de Guzman Memorial National High School
Calumbaya, Bauang, La Union

Ma’am,

Greetings in the name of the Lord!

The grade 12 Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics students of Don

Eulogio de Guzman Memorial National High School is conducting a research study

entitled “Designing and Constructing an Effective Improvised Generator” which aims to

make an alternative generator that can be used by the community.

In line with this, may we request you to be our evaluators to evaluate our study. This will

contribute to the improvement and accuracy of information to be gathered in our research

study.

We look forward for your positive response. Thank you!

Respectfully yours,
Abuan, Jemimah C.
Baraña, Nicole L.
Cortez, Melanie Jane A.
Dugayo, Daniel D.
Floresca, John Lloyd O.
Llarenas, Krisha Ann M.
Ponce, Ella Marie D.
Villaseca, Amaze Robie C.

30
Noted by:
Marlon U. Ligas RN. LPT, MAN (Sgd)
Subject Teacher/ Master Teacher II

Myrna U. Ligas LPT, MAEd, PhD (Sgd)

SS Principal IV

Communication Letter V

Mely Cariño
Don Eulogio de Guzman Memorial National High School
Calumbaya, Bauang, La Union

Ma’am,

Greetings in the name of the Lord!

The grade 12 Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics students of Don

Eulogio de Guzman Memorial National High School is conducting a research study

entitled “Designing and Constructing an Effective Improvised Generator” which aims to

make an alternative generator that can be used by the community.

In line with this, may we request you to be our evaluators to evaluate our study. This will

contribute to the improvement and accuracy of information to be gathered in our research

study.

We look forward for your positive response. Thank you!

Respectfully yours,
Abuan, Jemimah C.
Baraña, Nicole L.
Cortez, Melanie Jane A.
Dugayo, Daniel D.
Floresca, John Lloyd O.
Llarenas, Krisha Ann M.
Ponce, Ella Marie D.
Villaseca, Amaze Robie C.

31
Noted by:
Marlon U. Ligas RN. LPT, MAN (Sgd)
Subject Teacher/ Master Teacher II

Myrna U. Ligas LPT, MAEd, PhD (Sgd)

SS Principal IV

APPENDIX III
Computations

Table 1

Table for Appearance

TRIALS GENERATOR GENERATOR GENERATOR

WITH MORE WITH STRONGER WITH
LOOPS MAGNETS FASTER
ROTATION
OF MAGNET
1 5 5 5
2 5 5 3
3 5 5 5
4 4 4 3
5 4 4 4
∑X 23 23 20
AWM 4.6 4.6 4
DER Highly Acceptable Highly acceptable Very
Acceptable
Generator with more loops

X
∑ X= No∑
of cases

23
∑ X= 5 AWM=4.6
Generator with stronger magnets

X
∑ X= No∑
of cases

32
 23
∑ X= 5
AWM= 4.6

Generator with faster rotation of magnets

X
∑ X= No∑
of cases

20
∑ X= 5
AWM= 4.0

Table 2

Table for functionality

TRIALS GENERATOR GENERATOR WITH GENERATOR

WITH MORE STRONGER WITH
LOOPS MAGNETS FASTER
ROTATION
OF MAGNET
1 5 5 5
2 5 5 5
3 5 5 5
4 4 3 4
5 5 3 4
∑X 24 21 23
AWM 4.8 4.2 4.6
DER Highly Acceptable Very Acceptable Highly
Acceptable
Generator with more loops

X
∑ X = No∑
of cases

24
∑ X= 5 AWM=4.8
33
Generator with stronger magnets

X
∑ X= No∑
of cases

21
∑ X= 5
AWM= 4.2

Generator with faster rotation of magnets

X
∑ X = No∑
of cases

23
∑ X= 5
AWM= 4.6

Table 3

Table for durability

TRIALS GENERATOR GENERATOR GENERATOR

WITH MORE WITH STRONGER WITH
LOOPS MAGNETS FASTER
ROTATION
OF MAGNET
1 5 5 5
2 4 4 4
3 4 4 5
4 4 3 4
5 4 2 4
∑X 21 18 22
AWM 4.2 3.6 4.4
DER Very Acceptable Very Acceptable Highly
acceptable

34
Generator with more loops

X
∑ X= No∑
of cases

21
∑ X= 5 AWM=4.2
Generator with stronger magnets

X
∑ X= No∑
of cases

18
∑ X= 5
AWM= 3.6

Generator with faster rotation of magnets

X
∑ X = No∑
of cases

22
∑ X= 5
AWM= 4.4

Table 4

Table for efficiency

TRIALS GENERATOR GENERATOR GENERATOR

WITH MORE WITH STRONGER WITH
LOOPS MAGNETS FASTER
ROTATION
OF MAGNET
1 5 5 5
2 5 5 5

35
 3 5 5 5
4 4 4 3
5 4 3 4
∑X 23 22 22
AWM 4.6 4.4 4.4
DER Highly Acceptable Highly Acceptable Highly
Acceptable
Generator with more loops

X
∑ X = No∑
of cases

23
∑ X= 5 AWM=4.6
Generator with stronger magnets

X
∑ X = No∑
of cases

22
∑ X= 5
AWM= 4.4

Generator with faster rotation of magnets

X
∑ X= No∑
of cases

22
∑ X= 5
AWM= 4.4

36
 Respondents Rating in terms of Appearance

Evaluators Generator Generator Generator G 12 G 22 G 32

with more with more with faster
loops magnets rotation of
(G1) (G2) magnet
(G3)
1 5 5 5 25 25 25
2 5 5 3 25 25 9
3 5 5 5 25 25 25
4 4 4 3 16 16 9
5 4 4 4 16 16 16
Total 23 23 20 107 107 84

ANOVA in Terms of Appearance

∑ x =66 ∑ x 2=298

4356
TSS=∑ x 2-¿ ¿ TSS= 298-¿ ¿ TSS= 298 - TSS= 298- 290.4 TSS= 7.6
15

1 2 1 2
SSb= ∑ ( ∑ of each column) - ¿ ¿ SSb= ( 23+23+20) - ¿ ¿
No . of rows 3

37
 4356
SSb= 0.33 (529+529+400) - SSb= 0.33(1449)- 290.4
15

SSb=478.17 – 290.4 SSb=187.77

SSw= Tss-SSb Total df= N-1

=3.56-187.77 =15-1

=184.21 =14

df b = k-1 df w = df t - df b

= 3-1 = 14-2

=2 = 12

SS b SS w
MSS b = MSS w =
df b df w

187.77 184.21
= =
2 12

=93.89 =15.35

MSS b
f= Fcrit= 3.89 < 6.12
MSS w
93.89
=
15.35
=6.12 There is a significant difference

Respondents Rating in terms of Functionality

Evaluators Generator Generator Generator G 12 G 22 G 32

with more with more with faster
loops magnets rotation of
(G1) (G2) magnet
(G3)

38
 1 5 5 5 25 25 25
2 5 5 5 25 25 25
3 5 5 5 25 25 25
4 4 3 4 16 9 16
5 5 3 4 25 9 16
Total 24 21 23 110 93 107

ANOVA in Terms of Functionality

∑ x =68 ∑ x2=310

4624
TSS=∑ x 2-¿ ¿ TSS= 310-¿ ¿ TSS= 310 - TSS= 310-308.27 TSS= 1.73
15

1 2 1 2
SSb= ∑ ( ∑ of each column) - ¿ ¿ SSb= ( 24+21+23) - ¿ ¿
No . of rows 3

4624
SSb= 0.33 (576+225+529) - SSb= 0.33(1330)- 308.27
15

SSb=438.9– 308.27 SSb=130.63

SSw= Tss-SSb Total df= N-1

=1.73-130.63 =15-1

=128.9 =14

df b = k-1 df w = df t - df b

= 3-1 = 14-2

=2 = 12

39
 SS b SS w
MSS b = MSS w =
df b df w

130.63 128.9
= =
2 12

=65.32 =10.75

MSS b
f= Fcrit= 3.89 < 6.08
MSS w
65.32
=
10.75
=6.08 There is a significant difference

Respondents Rating in terms of Durability

Evaluators Generator Generator Generator G 12 G 22 G 32

with more with more with faster
loops magnets rotation of
(G1) (G2) magnet
(G3)
1 5 5 5 25 25 25
2 4 4 4 16 16 16
3 4 4 5 16 16 25
4 4 3 4 16 9 16
5 4 2 4 16 4 16
Total 21 18 22 89 70 98

40
 ANOVA in Terms of Durability

∑ x =61 ∑ x 2=257

3721
TSS=∑ x 2-¿ ¿ TSS= 257-¿ ¿ TSS= 257 - TSS= 257-248.07 TSS= 8.93
15

1 2 1 2
SSb= ∑ ( ∑ of each column) - ¿ ¿ SSb= ( 21+ 18+ 22) - ¿ ¿
No . of rows 3

3721
SSb= 0.33 (441+324+484) - SSb= 0.33(1249)- 248.07
15

SSb=412.17– 248.07 SSb=172.93

SSw= Tss-SSb Total df= N-1

=8.93-172.93 =15-1

=164 =14

df b = k-1 df w = df t - df b

= 3-1 = 14-2

=2 = 12

SS b SS w
MSS b = MSS w =
df b df w

172.93 164
= =
2 12

=86.47 =13.67

41
 MSS b
f= Fcrit= 3.89 < 6.18
MSS w
86.47
=
13.67
=6.18 There is a significant difference

Respondents Rating in terms of Efficiency

Evaluators Generator Generator Generator G 12 G 22 G 32

with more with more with faster
loops magnets rotation of
(G1) (G2) magnet
(G3)
1 5 5 5 25 25 25
2 5 5 5 25 25 25
3 5 5 5 25 25 25
4 4 4 3 16 16 9
5 4 3 4 16 9 16
Total 23 22 22 91 100 100

ANOVA in Terms of Efficiency

∑ x =67 ∑ x 2=291

4489
TSS=∑ x 2-¿ ¿ TSS= 291-¿ ¿ TSS= 291 - TSS= 291-299.27 TSS= 8.27
15

42
 1 2 1 2
SSb= ∑ ( ∑ of each column) - ¿ ¿ SSb= ( 23+22+22) - ¿ ¿
No . of rows 3

4489
SSb= 0.33 (529+484+484) - SSb= 0.33(1497)- 299.27
15

SSb=494.01-299.27 SSb=194.74

SSw= Tss-SSb Total df= N-1

=8.27-194.74 =15-1

=186.47 =14

df b = k-1 df w = df t - df b

= 3-1 = 14-2

=2 = 12

SS b SS w
MSS b = MSS w =
df b df w

194.74 184.47
= =
2 12

=97.37 =15.37

MSS b
f= Fcrit= 3.89 < 6.34
MSS w
97.37
=
15.37
=6.34 There is a significant difference

43
 Table for best type of generator

TRIALS GENERATOR GENERATOR GENERATOR

WITH MORE WITH STRONGER WITH
LOOPS MAGNETS FASTER
ROTATION
OF MAGNET
Appearance 4.6 4.6 4
Functionality 4.8 4.2 4.6
Durability 4.2 3.6 4.4
Efficiency 4.6 4.4 4.4
∑X 18.2 16.8 17.4
AWM 4.55 4.20 4.35
DER Highly Acceptable Very Acceptable Highly
Acceptable
Generator with more loops

X
∑ X = No∑
of cases

18.20
∑ X= 4
AWM=4.55

Generator with stronger magnets

X
∑ X = No∑
of cases

44
 16.8
∑ X= 4

AWM= 4.20

Generator with faster rotation of magnets

X
∑ X= No∑
of cases

17.4
∑ X= 4

AWM= 4.35

APPENDIX IV
Mode of Acquisition
A. Materials

Material Price Mode of Acquisition

(3) Plastic Cylinder Php 0.00 Acquired from
containers of cologne
Wire Php 0.00 Acquired from the old
televisions and radios
that are not working
Aluminum Rod Php 0.00 Acquired from excess
materials
Thirty Pieces Php 205.20 Purchased from an online
Neodymium Magnet shop
Led Bulb Php 0.00 Acquired from old
flashlights
Super Glues Php 10.00 Purchased from the
market
Alligator Clips Php 30.00 Purchased from the
market
Aluminum Sheet Php 0.00 Donated by one of the
group member
Screws Php 10.00 Purchased from the
market
Nails Php 10.00 Purchased from the
market

45
Gearbox Php 150.00 Purchased from the
market
Plywood Php 0.00 Donated by one of the
group member

BIBLIOGRAPHY

46
 Evans M. (2015). 5 Qualities of the Best Yamaha Portable Generators. Retrieved

from http://www.selfgrowth.com/articles/5-qualities-of-the-best-yamaha-portable-

generators

 Right Generator for Your Home (2014). Retrieved from

https://www.dealnews.com/features/Choosing-a-Generator-What-Features-You-

Need-for-Portable-Power/542801.html

 Deal News (2014). 5 must-have generator features. Retrieved from

https://www.consumerreports.org/cro/news/2014/11/5-must-have-generator-

features/index.htm

 Generator Power Source (2014). 8 must-have generator features. Retrieved from

http://www.generatorpowersource.com/

47
  Iris (2013). 16-M Pinoys do not have access to electricity.

http://www.philstar.com/business/2013/11/25/1260424/16-m-pinoys-do-not-have-

access-electricity-study

 Rivera (2016). Philippines electricity rates the highest. Retrieved from

http://www.philstar.com/business/2017/08/25/1732332/philippine-electricity-

rates-still-highest-southeast-asia

Curriculum Vitae

Name: Abuan, Jemimah Name: Baraña, Nicole L.

Age: 18 Age: 17
Address: Parian, Bauang, La Union 48Address: Natividad, Naguilian, La Union
Birthday: November 2, 1999 Birthday: April 8,2000
Mother: Merly Abuan Mother: Cherry Venus Barana
Father: Juancho A. Abuan Jr. Father: Nicholas Barana
Name:Cortez, Melanie Jane A. Name: Dugayo, Daniel D.
Age: 18 Age: 18
Address: Gana, Caba, La Union Address: Nagrebcan, Bauang, La Union
Birthday: January 1,2000 Birthday: February 3, 1999
Mother: Lene Grace Cortez Mother: Barbara Dugayo
49
Father: Ferdinand Cortez Father: Celso Dugayo
Motto: Experiment. Fail. Learn. Repeat. Motto: Time is Gold
Name: Floresca, John Lloyd O.
Age: 18
Address: Pugo, Bauang, La Union
Birthday: September 18,1999
Mother: Zenaida Floresca
Father: Leo Floresca
Motto: Enough is not enough
50
Name: Llarenas, Krisha Ann M.
Age: 18
Address: Bucayab, Bauang, La Union
Birthday: November 20, 1999
Mother: Maribel Llarenas
Father: Josie R. Llarenas
Motto: Honesty is the best policy.
Name: Ponce, Ella Marie D.
Age: 17
Address: Urayong, Bauang, La Union
Birthday: February 27, 2000
Mother: Marichelle Ponce
Father: Englebert Ponce
Motto: Unhappiness is my biggest fear
51
Name: Villaseca, Amaze Robie C.
Age: 17
Address: Poblacion Norte, Caba, La Union
Birthday: November 3,2000
Mother: Lyn Oscar Castillejos
Father: Robert Villaseca
Motto: Aim high and hit the mark.
PLATES

52
Phase I. Gathering all the materials needed

53
Phase II. Preparation of the Materials

54
Phase III. Making the dynamo of the generator

55
Phase IV: Making the stand of the generator

Evaluation of the Generator

56
Phase V. Assembling the generator

57
Phase IV: Observation and Evaluation of the Generators

58