modern

mnemonics
‘The problem with numbers is that they don’t mean anything in
isolation. So the number 213964102 sounds horrendous but if you
break it down into chunks it is more palatable. Now that’s alright
for short term memory, if you want to translate it to your long
term memory I break it down into pairs of numbers and I would
make up a story. So for example 21 are the first two digits. It’s your
21st birthday, you’ve got the key to the door. It’s a key to a tower.
A mysterious tower. As you go up the steps you notice there are 39
steps from the film ‘The 39 Steps’. You also, what comes into your
head is a tune, ‘When I’m 64, The Beatles. Thinking about that.
When you get to the top of the tower you see Tony Blair, number 10
Downing Street. Now a swan that has a number shape of 2 swoops
down and carries him off into the clouds forever and ever. Now
you’ll remember that story.’

Dominic O’Brien, British Mnemonist and Memory Champion (2006)

contents

Introduction 3
What is a mnemonic 5
The Major System 5
Instructions 7
Letters 13
Words 17
Images 41
Narratives 243
introduction

‘We are looking at the rapid collapse of mnemonic consolidation.’

Virilio (1994)

Almost without noticing it, we’ve outsourced important peripheral brain functions
to the silicon around us. The human mind is being robbed of its memories; the
informational function of modern media is such as to make us forget.

This is highlighted by research done two years ago by neuroscientist Peter Simons
at University College Dublin. He noticed an unexpected byproduct of the digital
age is that a third of under thirties (the principal consumers of digital technology)
did not know their own phone numbers. The energy needed to obtain the required
information from the hard drive or the internet has diminished to almost nothing,
meaning it is less demanding than memorising the information for ourselves.

For the past three months I have been researching and contemporising existing
mnemonic devices in order to assist memory and recognition for the digital
generation.

3
what is a mnemonic

A mnemonic device is a mind memory or learning aid. Commonly, mnemonics

are verbal—such as a very short poem or a special word used to help a person
remember something—but may be visual, kinesthetic or auditory. Mnemonics rely
on associations between easy-to-remember constructs which can be related back to
the data that is to be remembered. This is based on the principle that the human mind
more easily remembers spatial, personal, surprising, sexual, humorous or otherwise
meaningful information than arbitrary sequences.

the major system

Also called the phonetic mnemonic system or phonetic number system is a technique
used to aid memorisation of series of numbers. The system works by converting
numbers into consonant sounds, then into words by adding vowels. The system
depends on the principle that emotive images can be remembered more easily than
numbers.

However ‘The Major System’ was first created over 300 years ago and has often been
criticised for being dry and overcomplicated. In this book I have tried to simplify and
modernise the system in order to make it more accessible and relevent to people today.

5
instructions

The system works by converting number sequences into words, words into images,
and linking images through narratives. These can be very complex and detailed.

numbers into letters

The building blocks of the system are the association of the numbers below with the
following consonant sounds:

0 s, z, soft-c Remember Z is the first letter of zero. The other

letters have a similar sound.
1 d, t, th Remember as letters with one downstroke
2 n Remember as having two downstrokes
3 m Three downstrokes and looks like a 3 on its side
4 r Last letter of four, also 4 and R are almost mirror
images of each other
5 L L is the Roman Numeral for 50
6 j, sh, soft-ch, dg, soft-g g is 6 rotated 180 degrees.
7 k, hard-ch, hard-c, hard-g, ng Imagine K as two 7s rotated and glued together
8 f, v Script f resembles a figure-8. V sounds similar.
9 p, b Remember as 9 rotated 180 degrees.
a, e, i, o, u, w, h, y These can be used anywhere without changing a
word’s number value

These associations although initially complicated need to be learned thoroughly

before going further with the technique.

7
 letters into words

The system operates on a number of levels, depending on the amount of time you are
prepared to devote to learning the system.

The first level involves coding single digit numbers into letters and then into small
words.

The trick with converting numbers into words is to use only the consonants that code
information within the word, while using vowels to pad the consonants out with
meaning. If you use other consonants to make up a word, use only those that do not
code for numbers - i.e. h, q, w, x, and y.

At the first level we code each number into a short noun. This is made up of the
consonant coding for the number, and vowels that turn the consonant into a word. On
a sheet of paper, write the numbers 0 to 9, and apply these rules to create your own
memory words. Some examples are shown below:

0 - saw 5 - law
1 - toe 6 - jaw
2 - neigh 7 - key
3 - aim 8 - fee
4 - ray 9 - pie

These can be used to make short sentences and rhymes or as part of The Number
Shape System where the numbeform matches the word for example swan is two.

8
words into images

Similar rules apply to creating a standard word from two numbers. It is best not to try
to use a single number word as a root, as this can confuse the image.

A few examples are shown below:

09 - s, p - soap
17 - t, k - takeaway
23 - n, m - name
36 - m, sh - mash
41 - r,d - radio
52 - l, n - lawn
64 - t, r - tiara
75 - q, l - quill
89 - f, b - fab
98 - b, f - beef

You can use these words in association to create simple memory images. More
examples of these words can be found in the latter sections of this book.

9
 Just using double number words may be enough to make this a sufficiently powerful
mnemonic for you. Alternatively you may decide to use triple number words, using
the same construction rules as double number words.

Examples are:

304 - m, s, r - miser
400 - r, c, s - races
651 - j, l, d - jellied
801 - f, z, d - fazed

At this level of complexity it may be worth writing them down to make them easier to
remember. You can then run through them many times to strengthen the link in your
mind between the numbers and the associated words. This will help you to remember
the appropriate word faster.

images into narratives

Once you have come up with words and images to link to your numbers, you can
start to apply the technique to remember longer numbers such as telephone numbers,
passwords and access codes. A good way of doing this is to associate Major System
words with stops on a journey.

10
For example, the number Pi is 3.14159265359 (to 11 decimal places). Using the major
system as a journey, you can remember this as:

To sum (3) up I have had an estremely bad day. Someone has dared (1,4,1) to borrow
my lippy (5,9) without asking my permission. I found it on my dressing table and there
is at least and inch (2,6) missing since the last time I used it. I am going to break limb
(5,3) of the last person that used it if I ever find out who it is. Now I am going to have
to buy another lippy (59) to replace it.

The major memory system works by linking numbers to consonants and then by
linking these into words. By using the images these words create, and linking them
together with the journey system, large amounts of information can be accurately
memorized.

Over the next pages I have provided examples of how the system can be used and have
selected words and imagery for the numbers 0-99 to get you started. If you find that
these images do not attract you or stick in your mind, then change them for something
more meaningful to you. In order to explore the area of narrative further I have
provided a series of cards to accompany this book.

11
modern mnemonics
part one

letters
 0 s/z/c
01 s/z/c d/t
02 s/z/c n
03 s/z/c m
04 s/z/c r
05 s/z/c l
06 s/z/c j/sh/ch/dg/zh/g
07 s/z/c k/c/g/ch/q/qu
08 s/z/c f/v
09 s/z/c b/p

10 d/t s/z/c
11 d/t d/t
12 d/t n
13 d/t m
14 d/t r
15 d/t l
16 d/t j/sh/ch/dg/zh/g
17 d/t k/c/g/ch/q/qu
18 d/t f/v
19 d/t b/p

20 n s/z/c
21 n d/t
22 n n
23 n m
24 n r
25 n l
26 n j/sh/ch/dg/zh/g
27 n k/c/g/ch/q/qu
28 n f/v
29 n b/p

14
30 m s/z/c
31 m d/t
32 m n
33 m m
34 m r
35 m l
36 m j/sh/ch/dg/zh/g
37 m k/c/g/ch/q/qu
38 m f/v
39 m b/p

40 r s/z/c
41 r d/t
42 r n
43 r m
44 r r
45 r l
46 r j/sh/ch/dg/zh/g
47 r k/c/g/ch/q/qu
48 r f/v
49 r b/p

50 l s/z/c
51 l d/t
52 l n
53 l m
54 l r
55 l l
56 l j/sh/ch/dg/zh/g
57 l k/c/g/ch/q/qu
58 l f/v
59 l b/p

15
 60 j/sh/ch/dg/zh/g s/z/c
61 j/sh/ch/dg/zh/g d/t
62 j/sh/ch/dg/zh/g n
63 j/sh/ch/dg/zh/g m
64 j/sh/ch/dg/zh/g r
65 j/sh/ch/dg/zh/g l
66 j/sh/ch/dg/zh/g j/sh/ch/dg/zh/g
67 j/sh/ch/dg/zh/g k/c/g/ch/q/qu
68 j/sh/ch/dg/zh/g f/v
69 j/sh/ch/dg/zh/g b/p

70 k/c/g/ch/q/qu s/z/c
71 k/c/g/ch/q/qu d/t
72 k/c/g/ch/q/qu n
73 k/c/g/ch/q/qu m
74 k/c/g/ch/q/qu r
75 k/c/g/ch/q/qu l
76 k/c/g/ch/q/qu j/sh/ch/dg/zh/g
77 k/c/g/ch/q/qu k/c/g/ch/q/qu
78 k/c/g/ch/q/qu f/v
79 k/c/g/ch/q/qu b/p

80 f/v s/z/c
81 f/v d/t
82 f/v n
83 f/v m
84 f/v r
85 f/v l
86 f/v j/sh/ch/dg/zh/g
87 f/v k/c/g/ch/q/qu
88 f/v f/v
89 f/v b/p

16
90 b/p s/z/c
91 b/p d/t
92 b/p n
93 b/p m
94 b/p r
95 b/p l
96 b/p j/sh/ch/dg/zh/g
97 b/p k/c/g/ch/q/qu
98 b/p f/v
99 b/p b/p

17
modern mnemonics
part two

words
 0 ass assay awes ayes ease easy essay ewes eyes has haws hays haze hazy
heehaws he’s hews highs highways his hiss hoes hose house how’s
hussy huzzah ice icy is issue ohs ooze oozy owes oz saw say SE sea
seaway see sew sigh sighs so sow soy soya sue sway use was ways
wees weighs wheeze wheezy wheys whiz whizz who’s whose who
so whys wise wiz woes woos woozy wows wuss wussy yahoo yazoo
yeahs yeas yes yews zoo

0 aced acid aside assayed asset asst cede cedi cite city eased east essayed
eyesight hast haste hasty hayseed hazed heist highest hissed hoist hosed
host housed huzzaed iced issued oozed oust sad said sat satay sate sati
sauté sawed seat seaweed seed seedy seethe set sett settee sewed side
sighed sight sit site sod soda soot sooth soothe sooty sot sought south
sowed stay stew stow stowaway sty sued suede suet suit suite suttee
swat swath swathe swayed sweat sweaty swede sweet sweetie swot used
waist waist-high waste wayside west wheezed whist whizzed wised
yeast yeasty zed zeta zit ziti

0 cine cyan eosin hessian ozone sane sauna sawn scene scion seen seine
sewn sienna sin sine sinew sinewy snow snowy son sonny soon sown
sun sunny swain swan swine swoon wizen zany zen zine zinnia zone

0 assume awesome same seam seamy seem semi soma some somehow
someway sum sumo swam swami swim swum zoom

0 assayer assure azure cirri easier essayer eyesore hawser hazer hazier
hosier hosiery hussar icier issuer oozier osier ossuary sari sawyer sear
seer sera sere sewer sierra sir sire soar soiree sore sorrow sorry sour
sure surrey swear swore user usury wheezier wiser woozier
20
0 aisle assail asshole azalea cell celli cilia easel easily hassle hazel hazily
icily isle sail sale sallow sally seal seawall sell sill silly silo slaw slay
sleigh slew sloe slow slue sly soil sol sole soli solo soul sully swale
swallow swell swill usual usually wassail weasel wisely woozily zeal

0 assuage ice-age sachet sage sash sashay sedge sewage siege such sushi
swash swatch swish switch swoosh usage

0 ask askew assoc hassock hoosegow husk husky ice hockey psych psyche
psycho sac sack sag saga saggy sago sake scow seek segue sequoia sic
sick skew ski sky sky-high soak soc sock sockeye soggy souk squaw
suck swag swig whisk whiskey whisky wise-guy

08 housewife ossify safe save savoy savvy sieve sofa suave

0 asp espy hasp houseboy hyssop sabot sap sappy seep sepia sip soap
soapy sob soba sop soppy soup soupy spa spay spew spy sub subway
sup swab swap sweep swipe swoop wasabi wasp wisp wispy zap zappy
zebu zip zippy

0 adds adduce adieus adios ads adze aides AIDS audios autos awaits
dace dais daisy days daze dehisce deice deuce dews dhows dice dicey
dies diss dizzy does doozy dos dose doss douse dowse doze dozy
dues duos dyes eats educe eidos eighths eighties eights etas ethos
hates hats heads headways heaths heats heeds heights heydays hiatus
hideaways hideous hides hits hoodoos hoods hoots hot house huts
ideas ides idiocy ids iodize iotas it’s oaths oats odds odes odious
odyssey outhouse outs outweighs taus teas tease tees thaws these thews
thighs this those thus ties ‘tis tissue tizz tizzy toes toss towhees tows
toys Tues ‘twas tweeze twice twos wades wads waits watts weds weeds
weights wets what’s whets whites whiteys whits widows wights withes
wits woods woodsy yachts yetis youths

21
 added aided aoudad audit awaited dad dada daddy data date dead
deadeye death deed deity did dido died diet diode ditto ditty dodo
doodah dot dote doth dotty doughty dowdy dud dude due-to duet
duty dyad dyed edit eightieth etude eyeteeth eyetooth hated hated
headed heated heeded hided hideout high-tide hit-the-hay hooded
hoodooed hooted hothead ideate idiot iodide oddity ought-to outdo
outed outhit outwait outweighed outwit tad tat tattoo tatty taught
taut teat ted teddy teed teeth teethe that thawed theta they’d thought
thud tide tideway tidy tied tie-dye tight tithe toad toady today toddy
to-do toed toot tooth toothy tot tote tout towed towhead toyed tut
tutu tweed tweedy tweet twit wadded waded waited wedded weeded
weighted wetted whetted white-hat white-heat whited whitehead
white-hot whiteout whitewood wide-eyed widowed widow-hood width
withed with-it without witted wooded yachted

add-on atone attain attn attune dawn dean den deny din dine don
done down downy doyen doyenne duenna dun dune dunno eaten Eden
eighteen ethane head-on heathen heighten hidden hoedown hoyden
iodine oaten Odeon tawny teen teeny ten than thane then thin thine
tine tinny tiny ton tone tonne town townie tun tuna tune tunny twain
tween twin twine wheaten white wine whiten widen within wooden

ATM atom daimio daimyo dam dame deem demo dim dime dome
doom dumb dummy edam edema high time idem idiom item odium
oedema tame team teem them theme thumb thyme time tomb tome
tum tummy

adder adhere adore aider atria attar attire auteur author dairy dare
dear dearie deary deer dewier diarrhoea diary dire doer door doorway
dory doughier dour dower dowry Dr draw drawee dray drew dry
22
durrie dyer eater eatery eider either ether hater hatter haughtier
hauteur header headier heater heather heathery hetero hider hither
hitter hooter hot-air hotter hot-wire hydra hydrae hydro odder odour
other otter outer outré outwear outwore tar tare taro tarot tarry tear
tear-away teary terry their theory there they’re thorough three threw
throe through throughway throw throwaway thru thruway tier tire tiro
tor tore Tory tour tower tray tree trey trio trow troy true try tyre tyro
udder uteri utter wader waiter water waterway watery weather weeder
weedier weightier wether wetter whether whetter whiter whither wider
widower wither witter wittier woodier

addle at all atoll audial ayatollah dahlia daily dale dally deal delay dele
deli dell dewily dial dill dilly doily dole doll dolly dowel dual dually
duel dull dully duly dwell eidola et al haughtily headily hiatal hightail
hotel hotly huddle ideal ideally idle idly idol idyll it’ll oddly outlaw
outlay tail tale tall tallowc tallowy tally tally-ho teal tell telly they’ll
tile till toil toile tole toll toll-way tool towel tulle utile waddle wattle
weightily wetly wheedle white-lie whitewall whitlow whittle widely
withal wittily yodel

adage adagio atishoo attach attaché dash deejay dish dishy ditch DJ
dodge dodgy doge dosh douche duchy dutch outage teach thatch touch
touché touchy towage tush twitch twitchy wattage whitewash whitish

ad hoc attack attic dag DC decay deck decoy dick dickey dig dike doc
dock dog doggie doggy doohickey duck ducky dug duke dyke etc ethic
haddock headache headachy high-tech outgo outtake tack tacky taco tag
taiga take takeaway teak tech techie thick thicko thug thwack tic tick
tike tog toga togae toke took toque tuck tug tuque tweak twig twiggy
tyke wide-awake
23
 8 daffy deaf def defy deify div diva dive divvy doff dove duff heat-wave
out of taffy they’ve thief thieve tiff toff toffee tofu tough toughie tuff
TV what-if

adobe atop ATP dab daub deep dip dippy dob dope dopey dopy
doughboy dub dupe dweeb HTTP tab tabby taboo tap tape taupe TB
TBA teepee tepee thebe tibia tie-up tip top tope toupee toy-boy tub
tuba tubby tube type typo utopia

0 aeons anise annoys anus anyways anywise awns eons heinous Heinz
hence hennas hens highness hones honeys hons hyaenas hyenas
in-house inns ionize ionize ions knees knows NASA nausea nays Nazi
neighs news newsy nice niece nisi noes noise noisy noose nos nose
nosey nosy nous noways nowise nows nus once ones onus ounce owns
unease uneasy unis unsay unwise wains wanes wanness weans weenies
weens weensy wens whence whens whines whinnies wienies wince
wines winnows winos wins yawns yens yins

ain’t and annoyed annuity anode ant ante anti aunt auntie aunty awned
end endow endue ennead hand handy haunt hennaed high-end hind
honed honeydew honeyed honied hound hunt indie indue innate innit
into knead kneed knight knit knot knotty knout natty naught naughty
neat need needy neighed net newt night nightie nit nod noddy node
not note nought nowt nude nut nutty onto owned unit unite unity
untie unto unwed wand waned want weaned wend went whined
whinnied wind window windy wined winnowed won’t wound yawned

24
anion anon anyone high noon inane known naan nan nanny neon nine
ninny no-one none no-no noon noun no-win nun onion union win-
win

anaemia anime anomie anomy enema enemy name numb

anywhere honour honouree inhere inner inure knower narrow nary

near new year newer nor nowhere owner unaware unwary whiner
whinier wiener winery winner winnower yawner

anal anally anneal annual annually annul annuli anole inhale in-law
inlay kneehole kneel knell knoll nail newel newly nil noel null only
unholy unwell wanly

enjoy haunch hinge honcho hunch inch knish nacho new-age newish
niche Nietzsche nosh no-show notch nudge unhitch wench whinge
whingy winch

ankh awing eunuch eyeing eying gnocchi hang hank hankie hanky
hawing haying heehawing hewing hoeing honk hung hunk hunky inc
ink inky ionic knack knock nag neck nick no-go nook nookie nooky
nuke NYC oink oohing owing unhook unique unyoke wank weeing
weighing wing wink wonk wonky wooing wowing yang yank yawing
young

25
 8 enough envoi envoy envy info inveigh knave knife naff naïf naïve nave
navy navy nephew nevi nova novae unify unweave unwove

honeybee knob knobby nab nap nape nappy neap neb newbie nib nip
nippy nob nope nub nubby one-up own-up unhappy wannabe

0 ahimsa aims amass amaze amiss ammos amuse emcee ems emus hams
haymows hems homes homeys homos houmous houmus hummus hums
humus iambs mace maize mass massy maws maze mazy meows mesa
mess messiah messy mews mezzo miaows mice miso Miss moos moose
mosey moss mossy mouse mousey mousse mousy mows muse muss
mussy muzzy ohms whammies whams whims whimsy wombs yams

aimed amid amide amity emit emote hammed hemmed homed humid
hummed mad made maid mat mate matey math matt matte May Day
mayday mead meadow meat meaty med media meet meowed met
mewed miaowed mid midday middy midi midway might mighty mite
mitt moat mod mode moiety mood moody mooed moot mote moth
motte motto mouth mouthy mowed mud muddy mute mutt myth omit
whammed

amen amine ammonia he-man highwayman highwaymen hominy human

humane hymen hymn immune main man mane mania many mean
meanie meany men menu mien min mine mini minnow moan money
mono moon moony mown myna mynah omen woman women yeoman
yeomen

26
 imam maim mam mama mamma mammy mayhem meme memo mime
mom momma mommie mommy mum mummy muumuu

amir amour emery emir hammer hammier hemmer homer homier

humeri hummer humour immure mare marrow marry mayor mere
merry mire miry mohair moire moor moray more morrow mower Mr
myrrh yammer yummier

e-mail homely homily mail male mall mallei mallow maul meal mealy
melee mellow mewl mil mile milieu mill moil mol mole moll mule
mull

homage image macho magi mash match mesh midge mojo mooch
mosh much mush mushy

amigo amok amuck hammock hummock hummocky imago mac macaw

mack mag maguey make MC mecca meek meg mega MG mic mocha
mock moggie moggy mohawk muck mucky mug muggy omega

8 humph Mafia mauve miff move movie muff my wife oomph

ameba amebae amoeba amoebae amp hemp homeboy hump iambi

imbue imp map maybe mob mop mope mopey MP myopia ump
wimp wimpy

27
 0 aeries airs airways arose arouse arrays arrows arse areas arias arise
auras ears eras erase errs Euros ewers hairs harass hares harrows hears
hearsay hearse heiress heirs here’s heresy heroes hers hewers high-rise
hires hoarse hoers hoorays horse horsey horsy hours hrs hurrahs hurrays
hurries iris oars ores orzo ours race raceway racy raise rays raze razz
re-house reissue res reuse reweighs rice rise roes rose rosy rouse rows
rues ruse ryes warehouse wares wars wearies wears weirs whereas
where’s whirrs whirs whorehouse whores wires wooers worries worse
wrasse yarrows years yours

aerate aired airhead airtight arrayed arrowhead art aorta arid aright
arty ate award eared earth earthy erode errata erred hairdo haired hard
hardy hared harried harrowed hart hayride heard heart hearth hearty
heart herd here to here with highroad hired hoard hoorayed horde
horrid hurrahed hurrayed hurried hurt irate oared orate ort rad radii
radio raid rat rate ratty rawhide read ready red red-eye redo reed reedy
reheat retie re-wed reweighed rid ride right right-away riot road roadie
roadway rod rode rodeo rood root rot rota route rowdy rowed ruddy
rude rued rut warhead warred wart warty wayward wearied weird
weirdo wert whereat whereto wherewith whirred wired word wordy
worried worth worthy wraith wrath wreath wreathe writ write writhe
wrote wroth wrought yard yurt

arena earn erne herein hereon hernia heroin heroine heron horn horny
iron irony rain rainy ran rayon rein renew rhino roan ruin runaway
rune runny runway urine urn warn warren wherein whereon worn
wren yarn year

army aroma arm harem harm herm ream rem rheum rheumy rhyme
rim rimy roam room roomy rum rummy uremia warm worm wormy
28
 airier aurora eerier error eyrir hairier harrier hearer hirer hoarier horror
rah-rah rarer rear rehear rehire rewire roar rower warier warrior wearer
wearier wirehair wirier worrier wrier wryer

aerial aerially airily areal areola areolae aril aural aurally aureola aureole
awhirl earl early eerily hoarily hourly hurl oral orally oriel oriole rail
railway rale rally real really reel relay rely rial riel rile rill rille riyal
roil roily role roll rowel royal royally rule URL warily wearily whirl
whorl wryly yearly

air-show arch archway harsh irish orgy rage raj raja rajah rash ratio
reach rehash reshow retch rewash rich ridge roach rouge rush urge
whorish wretch

arc argue ark earache earwig erg ergo eureka hark hayrick heroic irk
orca rack rag raga rake reawake re-awoke reecho reek reggae rig rock
rocky rogue rook rookie ruck rug work wrack wreak wreck York Yorkie

8 airwave arrive hereof horrify raffia rave reef reeve ref reify review
revue reweave rewove rife riff rive roof roofie rough rove ruff rufiyaa
wharf whereof

aerobe harp harpy herb herby hereby higher-up orb rabbi rap reap
rehab repay rib rip ripe rob robe rope ropey ropy rough-up rub rube
ruby rupee warp whereby wrap

29
 0 ails alas alehouse ales alias allays alleys alleyways allies allows alloys
aloes alohas also always awls eels hails hales halloos hallows halls
hallways haloes halos hauls heals heelless heels hellos hells high heels
hills holes hollies hollows hols howls hulas hulls ills illus ill-use lace
lacy lass lassie lasso laws layaways lays laze lazy leas lease lees leis less
lessee liaise lice lies loci loess loos loose lose loss louse lousy lows
luaus oils oleos owls wails walleyes wallies wallows walls waylays wellies
wells whales wheals wheelhouse wheelies wheel-less wheels whiles
wholes wiles willies willows wills woolies woollies wools yawls yellows
yells yowls

ailed alight alit allayed allied allot all-out allowed alloyed allude aloud
although alto auld elate elide elite elodea elude elute eyelet eyelid
hailed haled halide halite hallooed hallowed haloed healed health
healthy heeled held thigh-heeled highlight holed holiday hollowed
howled hulled Iliad lad laddie lade lady laid laity lat late lath lathe latte
laud layette layout lid lido lied light lit lithe load loath loathe lode loot
lot loti lotto loud lout lowed lute oiled old oldie owlet wailed walled
wallet walleyed wallowed waylaid weald wealth wealthy weld welled
wellhead welt whaled wheeled whiled whole-wheat wield wieldy wild
wiled willed wilt would yellowed yield yowled

alien aline alone élan Halloween hellion Ilion lanai lane lawn lean lien
line lino liny lion llano loan loin lone loon loony well-nigh woolen

elm Elmo helium lam lama lamb lame lamia lemma limb lime limey
limo limy llama loam loamy loom whelm whilom

30
 allure hailer haler hauler healer hillier holier holler hollowware howler
huller lair lawyer layer leer leery liar lira lire lore lorry lour lower
lowery lure lyre oiler oilier wailer whaler wheeler wilier willowier
willow ware woollier yellower

halal hallelujah hellhole holily holly hollowly ileal ill-will lilo lily loll
lolly lowly loyal loyally lull lulu oil-well wilily

allege elegy eulogy eyelash haulage hellish lash latch leach leash lech
ledge leech letch lichee liege lodge loge loggia louche lowish luge
lush owlish ullage welsh yellowish

alack alga algae alike hillock holly hock hulk hulky ileac iliac ilk lack
lackey lag laic lake league leak leaky leek leg leggy lick like loch lock
loco log logo look low-key luck lucky lug walk walk away walkway
whelk yolk

8 alewife alive alluvia aloof alpha elf half halfway halve helve laugh lav
lava lave layoff leaf leafy leave levee levi levy life live loaf loofah love
lovey luff luv luvvie olive well-off wolf

alb alibi alley-oop alp elbow elope help lab labia lap layup leap lib
lip lippy lob lobby lobe loop loopy lop lope lowboy LP lube wallaby
wallop whelp yelp

31
 0 aegis ages aitches ashes chaise chase chassis cheese cheesy chess chews
chihuahuas choice choose choosey choosy chose chows edges edgeways
edgewise egis eschews etches eyewashes gee whiz gees geese geez
hashes hatches hatchways hedges hitches hushes hutches itches jaws
jays jazz jazzy jeez joyous joys juice juicy otiose schuss schwas shahs
she’s shies shoes shoos shows wages washes washhouse watches wedges
wedgies whooshes wishes witches

6 aged chat chateau chatty cheat cheetah chewed chide chit chute edged
eschew etched eye-shadow geed geode giddy hashed hatched hatchet
hedged hitched hushed itched jade jawed jet jetty jot jut jute shad
shade shadow shadowy shady shat sheath sheathe shed sheet shied shoat
shod shoddy shoed shooed shoots shut shuteye waged washed washout
watched wedged whooshed widget wished

ashen chain chin china chine chino gene genie hygiene ocean sheen
shin shine shinny shiny shone shoo-in

chime chum chummy gem gemmy gym jam jamb jammy schmo sham
shame shammy shim shimmy

ajar ashier ashore chair char chary cheer cheerio cheery cherry chewer
chewier edger edgier etcher giro gyre hatchery hedger hedgerow
high-chair hitcher jar jeer jury share shear sheer sherry shier shire shirr
shore shower showery showier shrew shyer tiara usher wager washer
washier watcher wisher witchery

32
 agile cello chili chill chilly edgily gel hugely jail jelly jewel jolly joule
jowl jowly July shale shall shallow shawl shell shill shoal showily shyly

cha-cha chichi choo-choo chowchow hashish hush-hush Jewish judge

shush wishy-washy

check cheek cheeky cheque chic chick chock choke chuck chug geek
hatcheck hedgehog highjack hijack hitchhike jagjig jock jockey jog joke
jokey jug juke shack shag shaggy shake shako shaky shock shook shuck

8 achieve chaff chaffy chef chief chive chivvy chivy jaffa java jayvee jiff
jiffy jive shave sheaf sheave shove showoff show-off

chap chapeau chappy cheap cheapo cheep chip chippie chop choppy
chub chubby gibe gyp hedgehop jab jape Jeep jib jibe job shabby
shape sheep ship shop

0 accuse aches acquiesce acts agues aqueous auks awakes ax axe case
cassia cause causeway caws cays chaos coos cows cozy cues cuss echoes
eggs egos ekes ex gas gassy gauze gauzy gays gaze goes goose guess
guise gussie gussy guys hacks hacksaw haggis hags hakes hawks hex
hickeys hicks hikes hoagies hoax hocks hogs hoicks hookahs hooks
hugs kayos kazoo keys kHz kiss kiwis oaks oiks okays ox quasi quays
queasy queues quiz wackos wags wakes wax waxy weeks whacks wicks
wigs woks yacks yaks yikes yogis yokes yuccas

33
 ached acquit act acuity acute agate awaked cad caddie caddy cahoot cat
catty caught cawed CD coat coati coda code coed co-ed cooed coot
cootie cot cote couth cowed cowhide coyote ct cud cued cut cutaway
cute cutey cutie echoed echt egad egged egghead eked equate equity
gad gaiety gait gate gateau gateway gaud gaudy gayety get getaway
ghetto git goad go-ahead goat goatee god good goodie gout gouty
guide gut gutty guyed hacked hawked hawk-eyed hawkweed hiked
hocked hogtie hog-tie hooked kayoed keyed kid kiddo kiddy kit kite
kith kitty kowtow kudu okayed quad queued quid quiet quit quite
quota quote wagged waked weekday whacked wicked wicket wigged
yacked yakked yoked

acne again agony akin awaken awoken can cane canny canoe cayenne
chon coin con cone equine gain gnaw gnu gone gonna goon gown
guano gun gunny icon iguana kana keen ken keno kin kina oaken
quean queen quoin wagon waken weaken woken

acme cam came cameo chemo coma comb come comma commie cum
game gamey gamma gammy gamy gimme gum gummy hokum oakum
wigwam

accrue achier acquire acre agar agro agora agorae agree auger augur
augury car caraway care carry choir chore chorea coheir cohere coir
cor core cower cowry coyer craw crew crow cry cur cure curia curiae
curie curio curry eager echoer ecru equerry euchre gar gayer gear
go haywire gooier gore gory gray grew grey grow guar guru hacker
hawker hickory hiker hokier hooker ickier occur ocher ochre ogre okra
quarry queer query quire wackier weaker whacker whicker wicker

34
 aglow cal call calla callow chyle claw clay clayey clew cloy clue coal
coil cola collie cool coolie coolly coulee cowl coyly cull eagle eagle eye
equal equally gaily gal gala gale gall galley gaol gaily ghoul gill gillie
glee glow glue gluey goal goalie golly guile gull gulley gully hackle
haggle heckle igloo kale keel keyhole kill kilo koala kohl kola ogle
quail qualia quell quill ugly waggle weakly weekly wiggle wiggly yokel

acacia aguish cache cachet cadge cage cagey cagy cash cashew catch
catchy coach couch cushy gage gash gauche gaucho gauge geisha gosh
gotcha gouache gouge gush gushy haggish hawkish hoggish hogwash
kedge ketch kitsch kitschy quash quiche waggish

agog cacao cake cakey coca cock cocky coco cocoa cog coke cook
cookie cuckoo echoic gag gaga gawk gawky gecko geeky gewgaw gig
go-go guck haycock kayak keg khaki kick kicky kike kook kooky quack
quake quaky quick quickie wigwag

8 agave café cave cavy coffee coif cough cove covey cuff gaff gaffe gave
give giveaway goof goofy guava guff guv kava kiev quaff quiff

agape cab cabbie cabby cap cape capo cob coop co-op cop cope copy
cough up coup coupe cowboy coypu CPU cub cube cup cuppa equip
gab gabby gap gape gappy gawp GB go-ape gob goop GP guppy
hiccup hookup kappa keep kip kobo occupy quip

35
 80 aphasia aphis avows eaves efface effuse eves face fays faze fees fess fez
fizz fizzy foci foes fuse fuss fussy fuzz fuzzy haves heaves heavies hives
hoofs hooves huffs ivies oafs office offs phase vase vice vies views visa
vise voice vows waifs waives waves weaves whiffs wives woofs

8 afoot aft aphid avid avoid avowed effete evade fad faddy fade faith fat
fate fatty feat fed feed feet feta fete feud fiat fight fit food foodie foot
footie footy fought ft haft have to heaved heavyweight heft hefty hived
hoof it hoofed hophead huffed ivied offed off-white oft ovate ovoid
phat photo vat vatu vet veto vide video vied viewed vita vitae void
voodoo vote vowed waft waived waved weaved weft whiffed wifehood
woofed

8 avenue avian euphony even fain fan fane fanny faun fauna faunae fawn
fen fenny fin fine finny fun funny haven heaven hyphen oven ovine
phone phoney phony vain van vane vein veiny venue vine vino woven

8 fame fem FM foam foamy fume fumy ovum vim

8 afar affair affray afire afro aver aviary euphoria ever every faerie
fair fairway fairy far faraway fare faro fear ferry fewer fiery fir fire
fire-away for foray fore four foyer fray free freeway fro fry fur furrow
furry fury heaver heavier heifer hoofer hover however huffier iffier
ivory oeuvre offer off-hour ovary over overawe overweigh vary veer
very viewer vireo voyeur wafer waiver waver wavier weaver whoever

36
8 afoul aphelia avail avowal awful awfully evil evil-eye evilly eyeful fail
faille fall fallow feel fell fella fellah fellow file fill filly filo flaw flay flea
flee flew floe flow flu flue fly flyaway flyway foal foil folio follow folly
fool foul foully fowl fuel full fully heavily hovel huffily offal Ophelia
oval ovule phalli phial phyla uvula vail vale valley value veal veil vela
vial vile villa viol viola voila voile vole volley vowel waffle weevil
wifely woeful woefully

8 avouch effigy fascia fetch fiche fichu fish fisheye fishy fogey fogy fudge
oafish offish phage physio veejay veg veggie vetch vouch voyage

8 evacuee evoke fag fake FAQ fig fog foggy fuck fug fuggy fugue havoc
off-key vague vogue

88 faff fave fief fife five high-five viva vive

8 ephebe fab FBI Feb fib fob fop phobia veep vibe VIP

0 abase abbacy abbes abbess abbeys abs abuse abuzz abyss apace apes
apiece appease appose apse baas base bass bayous bays beaus bees bias
bios boas boohoos boos booze boozy boss bossy boughs bows boys
bozo buoys bus busy buys buzz byes byways ebbs eyepiece haps heaps
highboys hippies hippos hips hobbies hobos hobs hoops hopes hops
hubbies hubs hypes hypos obese obeys oboes oops oppose ops opus
pace pacey paisa pass passé pause paws payees pays peace peas pees
peewees peso pewees pews piazza piece pies pious piss pizza poesy
poise pose posse posy powwows puce pus puss pussy webs weeps
whips whipsaw whoops whops wipes woops yaps yips yobs yuppies
37
 9 abate abbot abed abet abide abode about abut apathy aped apt baaed
bad baddie baddy bade bait bat bate bateau bath bathe batty baud
bawd bawdy bayed bead beady beat beauty bed bedew beet behead bet
beta bid biddy bid bight biot bit bite bitty boat bod bode body booed
boohooed boot bootee booth bootie booty both bought bout bow-tie
bowed boyhood bud Buddha buddy buoyed but butt butte butty buyout
byte ebbed epode habit heaped hipped hooped hoped hopped howbeit
hyped ibid obeyed obit opiate opt pad paid pat pate path pathway patio
patty pawed payday payout peat peaty peed peewit pet petty pewit
peyote pied pie-eyed pieta piety pit pita pith pithy pitta pity pod podia
poet pot potty pout pouty powwowed put putt puttee putty U-boat
upped uppity uptight wapiti webbed wept whipped whippet whooped
whopped wiped yapped yipped

9 apnea ban bane bean beanie beano been biennia bin bone boney
bonnie bonny bony boon bun bunny ebon ebony happen open opine
paean pain pan pane pawn peahen peen pen penne penny peon peony
piano PIN pine piney pinny pone pony pun puny upon weapon

9 abeam beam biome bomb boom bum opium PM poem pom pommy
puma

9 abhor apiary appear bar bare barrio barrow bear beer beery berry
beware bier birr boar boor bore borough borrow bower bra brae bray
brew Brie brio bro brow bur bureau burr burro burrow burry bury
buyer byre eyebrow happier happy hour highbrow hipper hopper hyper
opera pair par pare pariah parry payer pear peer per pier poor pore
pour power PR pray prey pro prow pry pure puree purr pyorrhea pyre
upper weeper weepier whooper whopper wiper yawper

38
 able ably appall appeal apple apply ball bally ballyhoo bail bale bawl
belay belie bell bellow belly below bewail bile bill billow billowy
blah blew blow blowy blue boil bola bole boll bowel bowl bull bully
byelaw bylaw eyeball haply happily highball hobble hoi polloi hoopla
opal paella pail pal pale pall pawl payola peal peel pilau pile pill
pillow play playa plea plough plow ploy ply pole polio poll polo poly
pool pula pull pulley uphill waybill whoopla wobble wobbly

abash apish apogee badge bash batch beach beech beige betcha bewitch
bijou bosh botch botchy boyish budge budgie bush bushy butch page
pasha patch patchy peach peachy pitch pitchy poach podgy pooch posh
pouch pshaw pudgy push pushy putsch

aback back backhoe bag baggie baggy bake BBQ beak beck beg big
biggie bike bikeway bock bog bogey boggy bogie bogy boogie book
bookie buck buckeye bug buggy epic epoch opaque pack PC peak
peaky peck peek peg pekoe PG pica pick picky picot pig piggy pike
pique pkwy pock poke pokey poky puck pug puke pukka

8 above beef beefy beehive behave behoove bevy biff buff pave payoff
pay-off peeve poof pouf puff puffy

babe baby bap beep bib bob boob boo-boo booby bop bub bubba
bubo bye-bye hip-hop hubbub pap papa papaw papaya pappy pawpaw
peep pep peppy pip pipe pooh-pooh poop pop Pope poppa poppy pub
pup pupa pupae puppy

39
modern mnemonics
part three

images
0
8
0
 modern mnemonics
part four

narratives
 passport number
10 - 72 - 58 - 63 - 9

idea - cone - leaf - jam - soap

An interesting idea (10) would be instead of using ice cream in a

cone (72), you used sprinkles of leaf (58) and jam (63) as a topping
onto a scoop of soap (63).
 sort code
60 - 59 - 97

chess - lippy - peg

Playing a game of chess (60) using lippy (59)

and pegs (97) as pieces.
 pin number
16 - 52

dish - lawn

Going to a restaurant and ordering a dish (16)

of lawn (52) for dinner.
 birthday
21 - 06 - 89

knit - sushi - fab

Knit (21) sushi (06) is fab (89).