B. Tech.

(Eighth Semester) Aeronautical Engineering

Principles of Environmental Science and Engineering
ARE 420 E

UNIT - 1

INTRODUCTION TO ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES AND NATURAL RESOURCES

Definition, scope and importance – need for public awareness –

*1. Forest resources: Use and over-exploitation(P2),

Deforestation (P2), case studies.
Timber extraction(P2), mining, dams and their ground water,
Floods, drought, conflicts over water,(P2)
Dams-benefits and problems(P2) –

2. Mineral resources: use effects on forests and tribal people –

*3. Water resources: Use and over-utilization of surface and exploitation(P2),

Environmental effects of extracting and using mineral
resources, case studies –

*4. Food resources: World food problems, (P2)

Changes caused by agriculture and overgrazing,
Effects of modern agriculture,
Fertilizer-pesticide problems, (P2)
Water logging, salinity, (P2)case studies –

5. Energy resources: Growing energy needs,

Renewable and non renewable energy sources,
Use of alternate energy sources. Case studies –

6. Land resources: Land as a resource,

Land degradation, (P2)
Man induced landslides, (P2)
Soil erosion and desertification – (P2)
Role of an individual in conservation of natural resources –
Equitable use of resources for sustainable lifestyles.

UNIT-II
(P1)

ECOSYSTEMS AND BIODIVERSITY

3((( Concept of an ecosystem –
structure and function of an ecosystem –
producers, consumers and decomposers –
energy flow in the ecosystem –
ecological succession –
Food chains, Food webs and Ecological pyramids –
Introduction, types, characteristic features, structure and function of the
(a) forest ecosystem
(b) grassland ecosystem
(c) desert ecosystem
(d) aquatic ecosystems (ponds, streams, lakes, rivers, oceans, estuaries) –

● Introduction to biodiversity –
Definition: genetic, species and ecosystem diversity –
Biogeographical classification of India –

● Value of biodiversity: consumptive use, productive use, social, ethical, aesthetic and option
values –
Biodiversity at global, national and local levels –
India as a mega-diversity nation –
Hot-spots of biodiversity –

●Threats to biodiversity: Habitat loss, poaching of wildlife, man-wildlife conflicts –

endangered and endemic species of India – (P2)

● Conservation of biodiversity: In-situ and Ex-situ conservation of biodiversity. )))

UNIT-III
(P2)
ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION
2(((1. Definition – causes, effects and control measures of:
(a) air pollution
(b) water pollution
(c) soil pollution
(d) marine pollution
(e) noise pollution
(f) thermal pollution
(g) nuclear hazards–

2. Solid waste management: Causes, effects and control measures of urban and
industrial wastes –
Role of an individual in prevention of pollution –
Pollution case studies –

3. Disaster management: Floods,

Earthquake,
Cyclone and
Landslides.

4. Field study of local polluted site – urban / rural / industrial / agricultural )))

UNIT-IV
(P2)

SOCIAL ISSUES AND THE ENVIRONMENT

1(((1.[ From unsustainable to sustainable development –
2. Urban problems related to energy – ][T24]
3. Water conservation, rain water harvesting, watershed management [T25]– 4.
Resettlement and rehabilitation of people; its problems and concerns, case studies [T26]–

2. Environmental ethics: issues and possible solutions[T26] –

[2.1 Climate change, 2.2 Global warming,
2.3 Acid rain, 2.4 Ozone layer depletion,
2.5 Nuclear accidents and holocaust, case studies][T27] –
2.6 Wasteland reclamation – consumerism and waste products [T28] – )))

3. Environment protection act – 3.1 air (prevention and control of pollution) act –
3.2 water (prevention and control of pollution) act – 3.3 Wildlife protection act –
3.4 Forest conservation act – issues involved in enforcement of environmental legislation –
public awareness

Text Books:-
1. Gilbert M.Masters, “Introduction to Environmental Engineering and Science”,
pearson education Pvt., Ltd., second edition, ISBN 81-297-0277-0, 2004.
2. Miller T.G. jr., “Environmental Science”, Wadsworth publishing co.
 3. Townsend C., Harper J and Michael Begon, “Essentials of Ecology”, Blackwell
science.
4. Trivedi R.K. and P.K. Goel, “Introduction to air pollution”, techno-science
publications.
5. Bharucha erach, “The Biodiversity of India”, mapin publishing Pvt. Ltd., Ahmedabad
India,
6. Trivedi R.K., “Handbook of Environmental Laws”, Rules, Guidelines, Compliances
and Standards, Vol. I and II, Enviro media.
7. Cunningham, W.P.Cooper, T.H.Gorhani, “Environmental Encyclopedia”, Jaico Publ.,
House, Mumbai, 2001.
8. Wager K.D., “Environmental Management”, W.B. Saunders Co., Philadelphia, USA,
1998