sarily equal magnitude at every floor level.
se of this is a uniform distribution. To evaluate
1 elastic (or nominal yielding) displacement
r wall at the roof level, the so called inverted
bution is typically used. This corresponds to
ion of the lateral load with a maximum at the
el, and equal to zero at the base (e.g. Wallace
1992). Alternatively, it is often assumed that
lent lateral load is concentrated at the roof
irect displacement based design procedures
| Kowalsky, 1998; Paulay, 2002; Priestley e¢
d previous design guides (Park and Paulay,
and Priestley, 1993).
terns mentioned in the previous paragraph
imposing a deflected shape representative of
> of vibration of the wall. Nevertheless, it is
d that the actual distribution of equivalent
along the height of the wall varies in time,
on the relative predominance of the modes
nd their periods, not only the first one. The
is a possible overestimation of the maximum
isplacement of cantilever walls, generically
when calculated per the aforementioned
ing, a simple method built upon the analogy
ver beam loaded with a concentrated vertical
ven distance from the support is presented.
n at the top of a cantilever wall within the
generically named 6, is calculated as the
action of a lumped lateral load V, placed at
ym the critical section, such that it produces
ctions at the base of the wall, compared to
load pattern. Firstly, / is calculated for the
vibration, such that h = /,. Subsequently,
on incorporates a reduction of /, via «,,
mplification factor (Paulay and Priestley,
y et al., 2007; Rutenberg, 2013), to account
effects in the calculation of 6,, as initially
SCTE aC
It is shown that the proposed formulae provi
conservative approach for estimating 6,, co
others proposed in the literature (e.g. Wallace ar
1992; Priestley et al., 2007; Massone ef al., 201
Equivalent lateral load location, c
effects and shear demands
In the approach introduced in this article, the 1
pallern corresponding to the equivalent later
actions along the height of the wall, is represer
equivalent concentrated lateral load V. Per ec
this force is equal to the shear at the base of the
is located at h = M/V, where M is the overturnir
at the base of the wall (the critical section in
produced by V. Figure 1 presents two scenari
location: (1) V = V, and / = hy, the lateral for
location associated to the first mode; and (2) V
=h,, the lateral force and its location which accc
dynamic effects produced by the higher modes
a) b)
eae Mi @
Figure 1: Equivalent lateral load and its location:
triangle distribution, first mode deflected shape anc
mode load distribution and deflected shape
Figure la shows the equilibrium scenario of
cantilever wall subjected to an inverted triz
distribution, associated to the first mode of vil
PRUE a
Pa