Pub - New Practical Chinese Reader Textbook Vol 2 PDF

ns NEW PRACTICAL CHINESE . READER TEXTBOOK \)\ eal! 1 ran “Th a eas ha pt ye pee SOS) a a | hoes Ly an Ds A A Al \ ii \, Y aN ‘S+HR Lesson 15 she bi T WW HE a & CONTENTS PC Text Lia] New Words ER Notes Triad “HK” The preposition “}\” Bilin] “pe” (1) The adverb “i” (1) 4) 532F] Drills and Practice FTFaUE Saying hello AENACARE Confirming that something has happened PSEA Commenting on one’s actions TESR(F 44% = Changing money at the bank HRA HT Describing a place one has visited BBEMSZLE Reading Comprehension and Paraphrasing #44: if iA%& Grammar 1. {8284MH(1) — The complement of state (1) 2 Bhi “TQ: HMMM Particle “f” @): Confirming the completion or realization of something 3. ghid|yHH — Reduplication of the verb 4. 100 3 10,000 A9#%H — Numeration for numbers from 100 to 10,000 WA SF Chinese Characters WFAA (1) Methods of constructing Chinese characters (1) S+AR Lesson 16 RII RILRT + (25) . x Text AE ial New Words TER Notes im filis] “Be” (2) The adverb “3” (2) fi “BE” — The pronoun “823” “EVR” ZonucPaRitie] «= “EF” to refer to the order of things or to a time sequence 8 5IZFA Cris and Practice aR Filling out formsWW ff Borrowing books aH Returning books TAVGAZ = Making new friends 441 BBFF Leaving and coming back in a moment . BaSEANSEE Reading Comprehension and Paraphrasing s # 434% iit Grammar 1. {40144 The simple directional complement 2. “Hy” 4] (1) ‘The “#2” sentence (1) 3. AYN (1) — The time-measure complement (1) WF Chinese Characters WE NIFH (2) Methods of constructing Chinese characters (2) S+tiR Lesson 17 ix AES -- ++ (49) —. HC Text ETH] «== New Words TERE Notes im HB Bpin] RAB” SANA Verbs “4, $i], ete.” with time-measure complement “ET” “BT” RANE “HLT” or “BT” to express an extent or degree Bin “7” OS “7” Oi The combined usage of particle “J” © with particle “T” @ #5] 45i2FA Drills and Practice FHIRSLY ~—- Describing things Ht8€ Comparing things SAAR —-_ Buying clothes FAEAMIAW Reading Comprehension and Paraphrasing %—,&JL( 4a # ) TE Grammar 1 “By” FGI (1) = The “#4” phrase (1) 2. Fash “te” dean bee (1) — Comparison using the preposition “pi” (1) 3. BRN The complement of quantity *K. WE — Chinese Characters TENGE (3) Methods of constructing Chinese characters (3) S/R Lesson 18 - RIT WIT “(7 ac Text Gif New Words ER Notes Big] “26” The measure word “6” -2-ul AaB B+ MW Spill “fe” ‘The preposition “{:” Ata] “WEYAY” The pronoun. “tiff” Ail “KH” —- The pronoun “KZ” “89” $B (2). WVP + i The “fy” phrase (2): WVP + 4:5] ‘332 Drills and Practice ENB At the post office HURBY) Describing things ARAEIAGE Uncertainty feRe Reminding MASE Taking the bus BURMA Reading Comprehension and Paraphrasing 5294] 4) @@4e)LF IR Grammar 1. 4R¢MH — The resultative complement 2. “fa” ea (2) The “ff” sentence (2) 3. “Ja” 24] (2) The “J2” sentence (2) WW WF Chinese Characters DFW (4) Methods of constructing Chinese characters (4) FUR Lesson 19 SPL RRWIBIR RE eee (04) isc Text Azim] = New Words TER Notes (A) + V+ WE — The structure “GRIE( AT) + V + HE” “HE” HEGER ANE “tf” as a resultative complement “feAN Ee” [AVA] (2) Question with “fz7 HL” (2) se + VWP The structure “3€ + VVP” 455353874 Drills and Practice PRE I Expressing a duration of time WR Talking about hobbies HeBE Comparing things Sete = Exchanging greetings AHI] Saying goodbye FAIR =—- Reading Comprehension and Paraphrasing $RFEARERT i§Y Grammar Le “BR eee OR ) BE” FRA CBE Using “ER---(98)—##” to make a comparison 2. PEMA (2) The time-measure complement (2) 3. ah] (2): RHILAWK Sentences with serial verb phrases (2): means or manner%: WE — Chinese Characters DFM BFIE (5) Methods of constructing Chinese characters (5) H—+iz Lesson 20( $5)Review ) SEBRSE creer (114) —. ix Text Ail] = New Words =. EERE Notes AeA The construction “--- fF --” + AVES} = The construction “.--AgH}4R” j€17] “BRA” —The conjunction “at” FA “WR” PARAS RA SC] ay (2) Elliptical questions with “1g” (2) mili] “MO” (1) 4 “FH” (1) Adverbs “2” (1) and “FR” (1) =. IAA Drills and Practice fa Asking for reasons ##f@ — Hurrying somebody up iP PUR New Year's greetings W. PALME Reading Comprehension and Paraphrasing 3¢i% H. HZ) Grammar Review 1. DUBA)F ASABE ARS} = The six basic functional components of a Chinese sentence 2. ShimAHE] (1) Sentences with a verbal predicate (1) WwW WS Chinese Characters TLFAYHIF (6) Methods of constructing Chinese characters (6) Bot—iR Lesson 21 RTM WMABMARBREH - (137) HK Text EH] New Words EE Notes iBAUShial “1” (2) The modal particle “IE” (2) 4418] “WU” The noun “LU” Sil “BB” The preposition “By” Bill FE" (2) The adverh “JR” (2) 42)/333F1 Drills and Practice SRILA AYN] HAL Emphasizing the time and location of past events WI ~—- Talking about direction and location faBE Asking about direction PRA Talking about sports matches PUA Reading Comprehension and Paraphrasing 444768Tt. 75% Grammar 1. “beg” 4] The construction “b+” 2. Fr ticial Location words 3. $ARARTEN A) Sentences indicating existance WE Chinese Characters DLEAVERE (7) Methods of constructing Chinese characters (7) Hot Lesson 22 HKRBTMARA - + (158) —. Pex Text Hei] New Words —. TER Notes Finials” Wye The omission of “jf” in location words feat GA” The demonstrative pronoun “3X4” teaeftil “AAy” ‘The demonstrative pronoun “#j 9” =. #47 Drills and Practice WRIA Talking about a past experience FRIE Looking for a job *4 — Making an appointment or a date with someone Ft Making comments PU. pYeE*SFR Reading Comprehension and Paraphrasing (2H) BR H. iY Grammar 1. WHAVAMAAG Past experience 2. Sy¢h® ~—- The action-measure complement 3. HORE EL/TYJE- The construction “fi 9R++-{ELEL/ BYE” WK. WE Chinese Characters WAR SERE (8 ) Methods of constructing Chinese characters (8) += Lesson 23 HAM LKMRT - - (181) = TAX Text 4zia] == New Words TERE Notes “4 + A/V + Wl” Ze7RAY The exclamatory construction “& + A/V + iif!” Fie The appositive phrases Bilis “Be” (3) The adverb “Hf” (3) AS SISA Drills and Practice ‘iby Talking about plans HEEL —- Making suggestionsRED Talking about the weather SERPS Purchasing plane tickets FIRE Going to a restaurant OY. AANA Reading Comprehension and Paraphrasing KRRSPARBHZ T Hi. if Grammar 1. SHE BDA RAE An action that is going to take place in a short time 2. SAHIN =— The complex directional complement 3. FepRAKAA] ~— Notional passive sentences WK WF Chinese Characters WHE (9) Methods of constructing Chinese characters (9) BxTGIR Lesson 24 (RSM BAA AW TT cece (204) —. Wx Text Asia] == New Words mere Fe, Notes SB The construction “Jh--¥i)--.” Spiel “Tay” The preposition “iq” Ali “Gk” (3) The adverb “jk” (3) =. HBA — Drills and Practice PRIECEMET MIZE =—Talking about an action in progress TRAE Talking about changes BE EL Talking about living conditions BED AEA Picking someone up and seeing someone off YU. BaF = —- Reading Comprehension and Paraphrasing + 403$ Hi. i Grammar 1. SARE (1) Changed circumstances (1) 2. SHERBET The progressive aspect of an action 3. ASEL- fii EL The construction “AR{El-+- Jif H--” A. WF Chinese Characters WEAK (10) Methods of constructing Chinese characters (10) BOTH Lesson 25 FIBER BIEBE oo - (223) —. Bx Text 4ei] == New Words =. YER Notes “8” SREB “HY” as the prefix for ordinal numbers 3] + PW + — The construction “Zi) + PW + 4”Blie] “WM” (2) — The adverb “%” (2) =. 4f2)4532)H Drills and Practice SURI — Talking about an incident Taye AL “Visiting a patient #042 Making complaints AIR ~©—- Reading Comprehension and Paraphrasing KX 7) #9 i. iR¥& Grammar 1. SPER AHF The continuous aspect of an action or a state 2. “ge” a] ~The =“B”_ sentence 3. HEaLeMe “BI” “fe” ‘The resultative complements “|” , “ZE” 4. QUS2---Bt-- The conditional construction “fl 5R-+-3h---” Ww. WF Chinese Characters 4} 142 Differentiating homophones BI+AWR Lesson 26( Bs Review) — syeEnk “PHL” T ~ (244) —. Bx Text 4zia] = New Words =. TER Notes ROKR = The construction “jit 3EjBR---” rif] “x” = The preposition “Xt” mia] “7” = The adverb “4” TECE/CE + V + 9 (+ 4B) The construction “{EZE/¢E + V + 3 (+ YE)” #55453] Drills and Practice PZ AES Recalling past events Riss eI Talking about language studies _ BaE#IEG-—-“ Reading Comprehension and Paraphrasing #7649 BR Hi. iY Grammar Review 1. ZhisiGi#4](2) Sentences with a verbal predicate (2) 2. BVEHNZS ‘The aspects of an action 3. JLRKRMH(1) Various kinds of complements (1) A. WS Chinese Characters KB ist Differentiating characters with similar forms I SER2URC Text in Traditional Characters -- FEAR EGIMATZR—YEA~ Abbreviations for Grammar Terms 11ers (278) Azinl23| ( fa/40t12 ) Vocabulary Index Gimplified Script with Traditional Version) WERE] — Character IndexA new semester has begun. As your Chinese level advances, the topics you study in this book will become more interesting. As you follow Lin Na through this lesson, you will learn how to describe the places you have visited, how to comment on your travel experiences, as well as how to change money at the bank before your departure. You will even learn how to say a sentence in the Shanghai dialect. SBTBIR Lesson 15) DS ET Ne va - Vv KO: HK MABE - 4 4¢40¢N NaN anv vn TAR: MASRATAY RABE KM MRF AREA - V4 4 4N 4G NVM ZF NRN TV HOR: HY? RRR, FFREZLLAHERG, TAR: SRRBRS VARA? ERB e) Changing money at the bank ‘\ N fe NV 4 we ew LED KB: —RERT-RELEFARRH,Ye VvnNNN VV VN fae WARRBA LB BAAR, 4 Fe VN NN V Ve 4 ee we SV oe Vev TAR: HA? ARRBE LBS? HAASE BIE, ORLE Vd N we =e 4 Vv Vv RGRMT! BRAILES? KO, RGHILAFAE KS, Vv TAR: CFE AH? vv NNN wR MM: POAIR A VL, ® 3 KEBRAB, Ve- = VV “ev TAR: MEM BATRA? ve- -vv v Ve ZNN VANVA an KO: REMAAT. KEK TRS MEK AARIVLLAG AC, Vv VVvVVVN we ew Vv VVVN NNN XX - Vv TAR: HFT, RRA BRT ERI, HRT® vv VVN we NN LAN NAN VVe NN OK: ME, RAARGRAR HF, RLAGKRH, Voev4 ve eve VN faye vv v LAR: 6 ARRFCAATBERAR I, HAH, + ia] New Words lL. fH set de (structural particle) mR, FG ARSE , SILAS AR.2. Fw 10. . » BRAT » HEPA aE KR RG AR LR . RM . KAA vo OpV Adv Prep Adv zao yinhang shdo pdidui pdi dui hudn yingbang rénminbi rénmin déi yong gang céng féichang cl canguan bingmdyéng early KAM, AGAR, SME, HEA AN, OR, ABA bank F447 few; little Ad> 77RD WAR , AR to form a line; to queue up FAHE BA, FEBASE AB, HEA EE'S , HEB T BA to arrange; to put in order a row of people; line to exchange; to change #Ri¥,te3. woe pound sterling #3835 ,— BE RF Renminbi (RMB) #ARH people PHAR HiT INPKAR Se A to need; must; to have to #$4@4%,74 EBA , #932 RK to use FRE, HLT, FE BRA Bom AeA BR, HF just; only a short while ago PI EITL BE AAT from 38 ES ET BB, ME ee BIE HE very; extremely; highly 4 #548 ,4E% HAS AEN BOP ERR (measure word for actions) iX%K, HB KK to visit (a place) BWA, SUE Bi BMA A] (ceremonial clay statues of warriors -3-and horses which are buried with the dead) BWR Ai a N_ bing soldier; fighter 17. Ate ON mingxinpian postcard 4R2-8H48 H ,—-IKBHEH, SER VA te xin Jeter 548, 38 AWS AB 18. GF Vv gai to be sb.’s turn to do sth. UT, BR BR) T Abe) T 19. LYAR N gOngzud rényudn working personnel; staff member #2 FLEA RR, WB a EA A, RE TEAR AR N rényudn personnel; staff 20. Nu qidGn thousand WF, AL AF 21. Bk Vv shit to count 33, OH HL, BA BRT 22. Et Ht OPN Wangftijing (name of a famous commercial district in Beijing) 23. Be PN X?Tan (name of the capital of Shaanxi Province) © (HEPWHEAR) Confirming that xv VV 4N vases . something has happened, BRA: RM, PI OWARL GRA T HIS Ay oA veveen es von eer wa OM: RAAARARALBT. WAM SILK, - 4N 404 -vNvv xnnunv BRA: MARBRT , Rear A, PIAL T 2 VVvVN 4VAN -v Ne - NNN VY HOR: RARE B IST eA RA? KIL LMBILZBRA: BRKA: BRA: a OR; BRA: - NAN Nvv XN - -N V4 NV ev - 7 WBE T . EREAH? TURAL RRR NON \ TR, ARR? \ Nvvsw ve 7s \ 4 4e = VV ev > FE, EMARA WAR PIRI. ANILERTS HW HWS , HK vv Nv RK ES, [iii debate } Describing a place. one has visited Nvie XN XN LK KAK? oune N vgn - XN - Vv vv ve’ : RBRAH. LAAMRIRBSAS RET RSH. Nveayv - \VvVn - ve N v \ Ai: LA Bai LIBGE , ROE TELE ZH? - Ve Ne vv 4e Fe ee vv@e 2 POAT EGE HALE, RBA RIL ALAA va oNVA | Mh yt py es. 1 UR FR LIE? q @ / VN - = = Nv FT. RSH EDIE” © ve 7 vuyv MBUTA? RATE. NNN NOV SN vuv : RHA LBEMN RAE”, ©+ ial New Words 1 SAAR Se % Ss th 36 = if LRA 2. RAL 3. An AG 4. 7 5. LH FA 6. LE 1. RA 8. 48 A-F -~6- IE TE > Adv hdojit bu jian hdojit jian fazhan kudi hud putonghud nidnging ging lial déng jiu Supplementary Words 224" 22 222 méiyudan Ouyudn jiayuan yuan yazhouxué xi huild xianjin xinyoOngkd haven’t seen (sb.) for a very long time a very long time to see to develop fast; quick; rapid RR GIEW TR, BE PRR, SBIR dialect; language _L V8, PERI Pp Eis the common speech (mandarin) ji young 4F# A dR AER light; small fluent PLATA, QAR HEAL Te ALISO, Hit A Se A A to understand it Ei , WBE , ME exactly; precisely #ii2, ME (h, BE KT U.S. dollar Euro Canadian dollar (measure word for Chinese currency kuai) Department of Asian Studies exchange rate cash credit card9. BP N chéngshi city 10. UA N _ difang place 11. JU-F Vv érzi son 12. % N cai food; a dish otes D PAA EZ ALE. Nor just came back to Beijing from Xi’an”. “JK+NP” forms a prepositional phrase that precedes the verb, indicating the starting point of an action. The object of the preposition “)K” is usually a word or a phrase denoting location or time (see Lesson 16). For example: PAF BK PA, WAKA AYP Bl. In order to function as the object of “JA”, a noun or a pronoun that doesn’t denote location must be followed by “iX JL” or “H6JL”, thus completing the prepositional phrase which modifies the verb. For example: PEAK AT RAB IL Ro PO Gft ABIL AR? Bi AE YR AAR EIU K ARAT @ (RABEL, “The food (I had) was passable.” “ny LA” is used as an adjective here, meaning “good, not bad”. “i&FJ LA” means “passable; just so-so”. For example: URARBBATY, ABE BF RSME ATV, @ BERT. “Look, it’s your turn now.” “jZ+NP+(V)+ 7” means “it’s somebody’s turn (to do something)”. For example: -7-EMERLAT. ® peop, 5 “Good morning, Lin Na.” “fi!” is another expression commonly employed by Chinese people as a greeting. It is usually used to say hello to someone in the morning. The common reply to it is also “54! ” For example: —4 IRF! ARAN | @ RAV WATE” “I know how to say ‘I don’t understand.” In the Shanghai dialect, the expression “Bi[ fii {if” means “I don’t understand.” In this dialect, “¥” can be pronounced “faJfz”({APIA]), whereas “A” is pronounced “4J” ([va?]) aed i © RE LM RATE “This means ‘I don’t understand’ in the Shanghai dialect.” “Ht” (1) has the function of emphasis. It is used to either confirm a fact, or stress that “this is exactly what the fact is”. For example; BRAM. HEBDA, aE pas] KEY SENTENCES - ARR PF FARR ASAT 42 RAABKARELBT « AE AY AK BAG TR SR-RGRS VARA? MBI RAB ILA A Ae o WAL o F BARBI PP ALAR LAY RR LTE HR Eo Drill and Pi woeeeeee1. RETA Master the following phrases id Cl) FREAH RILEERAH LAER BRRARES FR PEALE T VL BERR BAT ARB RRS BARRY RERRFA BRM RERS BRAG ARH TRB AE AR ASF CA) RAE S (1) ) 9 28 ARR (PR) BD AF I WRT KRABI KURT -HMIET AMALAT BARA TRA SeTRA RAVETAA BUT RA UHBSTRA TRIETAA ARABI HRP R BmRAMRA AIRBZIRL (3) FREER MABRY NATAL MLAVLAK MATMRF (4) SOUS AMALIE BPEL BRPBBE POA) LIE ER (5S) wee BRIA BEE AR AE BAR BRERA VP AS A (6) Aa TH Hi BS RAPA GRMAM KEKE Ee $-% MA R-R A-A OF-F S-B H-w (2 LS YS 2. “JI Pattern drills (1) MERA KY? WERRGIRE « UR RAE ER EP BRA Fo (2) tei GE LAR RE SB RF RE WE, RRB A KF $ BR GE BRE AH? = RL RA HK HR ta RO RGB DAE TV,(3) EARTH? RE | RAE RRA aE ae EB EAH? REG eae Rik. TU (4) ERA RY TH? tk ER | REBAWH, BM PE BRAT MAEMBILT 2 RA ABIL RERFEMILT Jip ABIL (5S) EFtRBUTA T? . - KALM ERAT. AAT HE BR MRR? FIR RPP RAPL, (6) AAMRBK EMG HH? RE PF] RBE, RAR RH HEIKO ILE? Fm RRA REI | MIRYE— 2K BIRD H—-BRE, (7) # RE EERE YAR R2 AASB BRARE, &2300#. %A(méeiyuan) Ak— -449 % 500 $H% Bea (OuyuGn) +#-L=—F% 200 ha AeA (jiGyuan) A3k-~L=H 700 wr -10-3. HAELIF) Classroom activity Complete and answer the following questions with your classmates (1) 1k A (mMeiyudn) 48.19% (yuan)A Rf A: 1l00ZAKRS YAR A? B: lLOKXAKSIVLZARF, A; 20044 2 B: ° A: 25044 ? B: ° (2) 1B (Ouyudn) 47.12% (yuan)A Rf A: SOOK A ? B: 3 A: 620K ? B: . A: 780K 2? B; (3) Lae (jiGyudn) 5.23 (yuan) A RK if A: 130020 % 2 B: 5 A; 15004 2? B: 3 A: 19004 % 2 B: . 4. SiH Conversation exercises [4748 0% Saying hello] (1) A: #. Bi tho DRAKA A: £4, 5RALA. (2) A: aR R-P! B: &#, A: MER ERE? B; _ PRAM. 189? A: RRB. -11l-t#2 AR Confirming that something has happened ] MAA IBIULT? REFS GSRIRT RR ES B: RAAMAT AK, A: RRA, RAAB IRA WIE MRMURES, (2) A: HARM, MAEMILT 2 B: & A: MAHAZRABEB? By RBWERT REAM, LiF ft ERL{T IY Commenting on one’s actions] (1) A: teenie? RHE To B: H#ABKR HT! : AILFATU, : KPC EZ AHP : He LI FA (yazhouxué xi) 4 Fz? RK REAR, > MGB RGAl PRE, > HBR iB? (2) : BIRR AH? : BAKZWRFY? SHRBE. : KRERRR. HSB, 1 RARE GEA AH? 3 S PPP Pee ee SP ee BD 1 N IA: B: A: B: Wik AES Aah Hat? BEEAE? _fE4R474@4% Changing money at the bank ] (1) A: B; (2) PHL, RBA KARAR fy BERS VY KRA? : SAW (hull) 2 Sy? > LE1OK AK © RM ° : RR ERK, 1 REG, 2848007 ILS (xiGNjIN) , 2 HK 4 1 AF (xinyongka), : BARPERMEL? [HIRAM HLIT Describing a place one has visited ] A: B A B A: B A B A B BUR A To : ET. FFARR : RER BTS? AIL RBH RIG? ROURS. EH RY TART? : ABRIL RUE A AE? 2 ABIL A HF 38 16H? 2 ARILA Abie BEAR o MERE AA o -13-5. @AViH Describe the following pictures ap 6. Z€BR45J Communication practice (1) You went to the bank to exchange money, but after talking to the teller, you noticed that the exchange rate was not very good. Therefore, you decided to change the money later. (2) After visiting different places, you and your friend are asking about each other’s travel experiences. 3) You are discussing language studies with your Chinese friend. You hope that iS guage he/she will make some comments on the various aspects of your spoken Chinese, grammar, and character-writing. Le bb ae TRB Lig RB AG RIES FEL MO RERAIRAT MASE Baum, bie AE MAME LR, RPEMAMELET. RAEI ILO SELEQ RFR AIRE AB AE BAT, FEAR Bok GR, -14-Li — 4S Kw H (Chéngshl) , 3% FARRAR E89 TH IRS Jyh ALAR RAF, LAA RIRIRA SZ . KREARAAM TRS HS H (difang) pu TAY RMR FER TARS WH. MILF (zi) ALALH, FP BRAT LUMAR BMAF HMA GM, PET LIAR (COI) BF IRAE ALAR KE TRBAR AE LIBR ILA AE HF POPPA IR EEE TA EMAIL. KEBABS BI, WA BILLIE, TR LEAT RAR He BMALBASHE UG, FRADE PRES ARRA ALA RAMEE, ” eevaanaereou 1. ##254b38(1) The complement of state (1) In Chinese, a verb or an adjective is frequently followed by an element provid- ing further detail or explanation. This is called the complement. Among the various forms of complements, the one that describes or comments on the achieved state of an action is called the complement of state. It is usually formed by an adjective or an adjectival phrase. The structural particle “##” must be placed between the verb and the complement of state. To create the negative form, “4X” should be put before the complement of state. V+ 4% + Adv + A aR ea 4k F 4E em AR F The V/A-not-V/A question form is constructed by juxtaposing the affirmative form of the complement with its negative form. V+ #& + A + AA GIL FF 4G AHF? BR fF Kk ARK? In this kind of sentence, if there is an object following the verb, the verb needs to be reduplicated and then placed after the object, but before “7”. The first verb is often omitted. _14_(V) + 0+ V4 4% + Adv + A — Subject | ~~] can - (Vv); Oo v | | Ady A Particle te x |& | aw |e, He | EB tt | a5 ? sbi aR BRI? HeAN] (Gt) |ihis [3 cea SZ AHED em (Go |e la lw lm, | Notes; (1) A complement formed by an adjective is usually preceded by “7”. This is similar to the case in which the adjective is used as a predicate. For example; “SR (E4R5L" , “BEARER” (2) The focus of a sentence containing a complement of state is centered on the complement. Therefore, both its question form and related answer form are usually made from variations on the complement. Its negative form is made by negating the complement rather than by placing “7X” before the verb. Hence, it is incorrect to say ©" “HAMEL. ” (3) In this kind of sentence, the elliptical form can be used to answer a ques— tion. For example; Question Answer MERGE HATA? RRB MPR AAI BUPRRAI RRA 2. BH“T” Q: PESTER Particle “7” @; Confirming the completion or realization of something In Lesson 13, we learned that the particle “” D can follow a verb to denote the completion or realization of an action. In this lesson, we see that “7” @ always appears at the end of a sentence. It emphatically confirms the completion or realization of some event or situation. Compare the sentences in groups A and B; [1] Incorrect sentences are marked by @ in this book. -16-A B MA ABIL? MAMULT 2 Where are you going? Where have you been? Or Where did you go? RAHA. BREWUAT. I am going to the shopping mall. T’ve been to the shopping mall. Or I went to the shopping mall. MEA? MEAT? What are you going to buy? What have you bought? Or What did you buy? RE FUR RERIRT 6 I am going to buy some clothes. I’ve bought some clothes. Or I bought some clothes. In group A, “2 73H” and “3SLAAR™ are not completed actions in the past. In group B, however, these two actions are definitely completed or realized. To negate a sentence with the particle “{” @), place the adverb “}%( 4)” rather than “7X” before the verb, and omit “” from the end of the sentence. To form a V/A-not-V/A question, juxtapose the affirmative form of the verb with its negative ( “+--}%---” ), or add “+. [Y#4” to the end of an affirmative sentence. V+O+ 7 | Predicate Subject - — 1 Adv Vv | oO Pt KR BR B To te KA & Lif, Ra | BH R 74? an * oe TRA? He FMESM KAMA? Notes; (1) When present, the particle “/” @) always indicates that actions or events have taken place in the past. However, it is not true that “f” @ is always required to express past events. To narrate a past event (especially several events taking place consecutively ) or to describe a scene at a specific moment, without -17-confirming the realization of the action, we can leave out “J”. For example; EMAWLFLA LY, FFLAmM—-ARS, (2) If “J” simultaneously follows the verb and stands at the end of the sentence, it then performs both functions mentioned above. For example; WET “TT.” expresses the completion and realization RNET . of the action and confirms the completion or realization of some event or situation. MA RERT 3. Syis/AY HH Reduplication of the verb In Chinese, verbs can be reduplicated. The form for reduplicated monosyllabic verbs is “AA” or “A—A”. However, the form for reduplicated bisyllabic verbs is “ABAB” , and “—” cannot be added between the two syllables of bisyllabic verbs. For example; @#@, wtilt, F—E, Fl, 3, SMA, BURY, ete. Reduplicating a verb has the function of implying a short duration for that action or the idea of giving something a try. In this sense, it is similar to adding “—” to the verb. 4. 100~10000f5# 33 Numeration for numbers from 100 to 10,000 101 —ZO— 102 —GFOD ve 109 —FOA 10 —g—+ Wl -g—-+— 1122 —q—-Fe we. 9 —g—+H 1200 —Fa+ 191 —FAt— 192 —FAP I woes 199 —GAtA 200 =F 201 =_FO— 202. FOL wee 209 =FOr 210 =_—+ 991 AGAT— 992 ABAPI wee 999 ARATA 1000 —F¢ 1001 —+-O— 1010 —4+O0—+ 1052 —+O4+= 1100 —+—F 1109 —+—WOnA 3543 =f+RAW+= 8990 AFA A+ 9999 AFA -18-Characters 1. DF HV7I3E(1) Methods of constructing Chinese characters (1) When constructing Chinese characters, certain rules are followed in the combination of sound, structure and meaning. Though the forms of modern characters are frequently very different from these ancient ones, Chinese characters still maintain the characteristics of a logographic writing system. Therefore, understanding the process by which Chinese characters are formed will facilitate learning them. Pictographic method (4&J%}&K): This method of construction depicts either the whole image or the partial characteristic of an object. It is the original method of forming characters. a. Depicting the whole image of the object. For example: A, KALE BS FR KARR ALTIALOALH LS, FILL La REAP RSS. b. Depicting a characteristic of the object. For example: LEER. ce. Depicting both the object and other associated things. For example: RK,G,W. In antiquity, these single-component characters, which we have already learned, were originally pictographic. Nowadays, they are no longer very pictographic but are similar to codes. However, when they are used as the basic components for multi- component characters, the fact that they maintain either their original sounds or meanings certainly helps our understanding of the latter. 2. AGHAWMY Learn and write basic Chinese characters ay "PPR min the people 5 strokes a - se 2) PC) rap bi currency 4 strokes -19-3) + qian thousand 3 strokes aA AR jiu long 3 strokes 6) B(R)’ 7 © CBPH huan abundant 7 strokes 6) ef Fae qid mound, hillock 5 strokes on ~~rAAAA yéng road; path 7 strokes (3:) Sk(#) (-—+ a2) Ya Asia 6 strokes 0) #(#)~ F4HR che vehicle 4 strokes uw) F& “=~ Tasseee zhong heavy 9 strokes ay 7 “FR —20-you especially 4 strokes 3. UB PAL Leam and write the Chinese characters appearing in the texts (1) zdo ae > + + 6 strokes ; (2) #R4F yinhang (4k 47) ER —_ 4 + R 11 strokes (3) HER paidul (4 FR) HE —_ F + if 11 strokes KH —_ f + A 4 strokes (4) # huan (4%) He - 4 + & 10 strokes * (pdingzitou) 6 strokes (5) 4 yingbang (4) EE -_ & + ” + 15 strokes (6) A Ccéng (4#) A > kA + Xx 4 strokes Mea Xx > 7 + R 6 strokes -21-(8) #M canguan (AiR) aL — x + JK 6 strokes (9) & B44 bingmaydng (#544) & _ aaa + oN 7 strokes Af - 4 + A 9 strokes (10) 84484 mingxinpian S 4S _- 4 + = 9 strokes (11) ZAR gOngzud rényuan (LAH) nh > UW + n 7 strokes (12) ZH Wangfujing Fe > 1 + At 8 strokes (13) &#& Xan ez "> +e 6 strokes (14) AR fazhan CR) JE _ FP + oF + TR 10 strokes (1s) i876 pttonghua (ie) at > - + 4+ 8 12 strokes 8 —> A + RL 10 strokes(16) 4% nidnging (#92) HE 7 $ + & 9 strokes (On the left side of a character, the fourth stroke of “42” is written as “—”.) zB P ZB Au (lidzipang) nr nu 7 strokes (17) #4) lian Hu _- 7 + iu 10 strokes # 1] _- F + | 7 strokes (18) f€ déng I = t +e + £ 15 strokes (19) # jiu BL _ e + h 12 strokes Cultural Notes Xi’an and the Ancient Chinese Capitals Xi’an is a renowned ancient Chinese capital. Back in the 11th century BC, King Wu of the Western Zhou Dynasty established his capital, named Haojing, where Xi’an is currently located. After that, the Qin Dynasty ( 221 BC—206 BC), the Western Han Dynasty (206 BC—25 AD), the Sui Dynasty(581 AD—618 AD), and the Tang Dynasty (618 AD—907 AD), all had their capital cities at Xi’an. Xi’an was the capital city of Chinese civilization for over one thousand years of its five-thousand—year history. In antiquity, Xi’an was called Chang’an. In the year -23-1369, its name was changed to Xi’an, and has remained the same to the present day. Now the modern city of Xi’an is the capital of Shaanxi Province. Nanjing is another ancient Chinese capital. The Kingdom of Wu during the Three Kingdoms’ Period (229 AD—277 AD) and the Eastern Jin(#) Dynasty (317 AD—420 AD) all established their capitals in this city. After the outbreak of the 1911 Revolution, Dr. Sun Yat-sen took office as the acting president in Nanjing. From 1927 to 1949, Nanjing performed the role of capital city of the Nationality government of China. Now it is the capital of Jiangsu Province. Beijing was the capital city of the Jin(4z), Yuan, Ming, and Qing Dynasties for a period of more than eight hundred years. After 1949, it became the capital city of the People’s Republic of China. In addition, Luoyang, Kaifeng, and Hangzhou are among what are called the six major ancient Chinese capitals. ~24-getting a library card, going to the library to borrow and return books, paying fines for overdue books: these are some of the things that you are very likely to do in your school life. This lesson will teach you how to express these activities in Chinese. You will . Filling out forms, also learn two sentence patterns particular to the Chinese language. STIR Lesson 16 FES LS I oe Vv XN R %: RRA, Milt bve, TAR: RSAREAK, on a on \¢ - VN ANN Ro 4 DASA SM, MIN LRA, RACH RIEDT - TAR: FRET BBO vvo@7e ‘ ~ Ro fe: TR, AUER- 7.8 vA aN XN - 8 ZIT RBM, REDPRE - VvNSN = NX TOA hh: AA, RAB IME BIE, . ~.** ALRBB EE LHAR: BBRART? #2, TAR : g 7 ee a Ru. 3% Ve %4N ev SR. RETR LAR: FAM-KRK, No - Veen Ne Vv vs vv ¢ RB, AR AMAL E RRR. RETIRE AM vnNN VW XN Vas 4 TOA kh: RRFEBAR Rw, N74 NN VN w= 4 eo Ve =-NV 4Vv Ro Bs RA AAP BEI OKA LAR? Vv vnNn vv x f TOA Rk: HeRATH, “HS? eee Ge ee x74 Vv 4 ale n wk: “PER” BUA? [3142] Filling out forms fy ean pe ea oa ad XN X N 4 2 ev 7 oe TA kk: 8A—2—#A? HAM RE R”, “RM? eeva v VVvVN e-Vv eA Ne as ‘ Ro fh, BRE” AT, thaws ik Ro MH RT , ALAR \- + ial New Words 1. 48, Qa 3. Be Prep vo WN Adv Sve Nee ALLE RANE BIE T ba wang tushGguan tushd guan bangdéngshi bangong shi shang xian jiéshazhéng jie (denoting the disposal of sth.) #@433% ST ACBART FEAT KT to forget TST ROVE JL library AA VERB SWAB, a books shop; a place for cultural activities ‘BCOE BME SAR office ASMA , ABN In BETTIE, TIA to handle official business; to work (usu. in an office) ANTE] room KEL to go up; to get on / last; previous [3€, Fr rCSs first; before JoAHUR AIA JER RBar library card ar f#-3iE JME-BiE JE WEDS T ,— “Mp BE to borrow; to lend (Hk, (445 ARE, 710. 12. 13. 14, 16. 17. 18. 19, 20. 21. BR RAP BG Aa We EA FRA » oi TE WN 2 V/N zhéng yihuir xia dai tian bido na man buxing shénghud zijf xingming xingbié zhiyé jiGo ABB certificate; card “@ARTIE, HAFHE, C/EiE a little while —2:JLRR&,—AULLER, LAB B to go down; to get offmext P3E, FE, FRE, BL Bs PU, FE FA to bring AS ERM RA HAL, WR ARI to fill in; to write EARL, HUTA , Bie, FUE A form; table; list J, #38, W—IK#E to take; to hold; to get 4%, $9GEt, BRK, SE slow; slowly “APR AAEM, HL 1 SUE not be allowed; won't do to live/life EH RIES, ZEAL A ENG AMR DUR AIATE oneself (AG, RAG, AAC, 8B #,005,8eam name EAE AIRE, , Bike, sex; gender £3] occupation; profession {+A HA) Aub, Ae to hand in; to hand over; to pay (the rent, etc. ) 3638, 304%, 26H HRH TAR THAR: : RAVE BED T S Katt]? Hh: DI TEDAaH, ae AT SUR oo SS Gene See Soe VEN vv He: ARIEMARS » AK, EMA EZMEIRT OE v ‘ EAH? vvvy oN ovNeA NY oNVVVM VY Vv eS REBAR, TRMES AAA EK LAIRS MR, RAH RBRAAA. \uv VNN ev an S VV =a VAAN - > REBAR EH BUVGUIUL BE, RAAT LAH ~29--VVN 2-4 see TOA ik: SJL eS Re 7® vv NO4 x R #, TARO AS Ak BiB v -N\- ves LFA R : HF ce ah Ratan A BATT RK. ‘ US Nee 2, VN x - “FR: Jot RA, PAA, Rie FILET, moon rad ie THAR: —KPEM-RG RL, HT OAH ,& #I+R A GEAR RR -N MeN SVS VES Vv) Vd R Ay PARAS, TEM, IRIE A ILO So ovNvovvvee (a) LAEA RL: ARILA WA MET AAA, SR Porn books VN 44 47NO oe TOA RK: APBAF Ri HRA? vo«eyv vioevvyvnveryv LAR: A. WR-RCHKA LIBRA), + ial New Words 1K A chang Jong INRIA, (8 Rt Tal Ip TBS 2. FIX ~~ vN_ kaoshi to give or take an examination/examination; 303. RF 10. HR 1. Ae VO/N Se ee bucud fanyi xin kebén hudn gudoqi gud fakudn fa kudn dianndo dian nado cha test HBS, ASA MES to give or take an examination; to test FG OB BAT, BRR not bad 3474S USAGE ATTA BAG to translate; to interpret MGRIEB , BF UR EARS 7 BE new #45, SARABUE, BAL, MAA textbook BPA ILIBURAS (ASR IBURAR , HUSK URAL to go or come out HK, HE, MRL to give back; to return i843 ,ZURAC OR to be overdue tT ATI ART MH to pass a period of time to impose a fine or forfeit/fine WHITH; BT to punish; to penalize fi, TAR TH TERR a sum of money computer — F&F BAY Fe Ha, SK FER AW FH kh electricity brain to check; to look up #URAS, #4E i), AB we EFL, FD He Be S3113. (EA Xin Shfyong Hany Kébén DUBRA) Pn New Practical Chinese Reader KA A shiyong practical ahF AE ja] Supplementary Words oF hCULrl yuélanshi reading room 2 BA N zazhi magazine 3. FA N wenda questions and answers 4. FRIT v yuding to reserve; to book 5. Fla] N fangjian room 6. Be N guojf nationality 7. FARE N ydoshi key 8 AR N mulu catalogue; list 9. SRE Vv xujié to renew 10. oS N nianling age wR PN Gu&ngdéng —_—_ Guangdong Province 12. N chdaléu tearooms; tea house 1) oe N ldorén the elderly; the aged; old man or woman 14. FH Vv kdisht to start; to begin 15. BF N haizi child 16. 2 FA A rénao lively; bustling with noise and excitement -32-D SRA LIS? “Can I start borrowing books today? The adverb “ji"(2) is often used to suggest the earliness or quickness of an action. It is also used to indicate that an action or event takes place immediately after the previous one. For example; ALG, HAT 9 RAMMARE GF @ SUE UTEP BATE AK A a “Now that you are living in China, you should fill in the form by yourself.” The pronoun “f] i” is frequently used to refer back to the pronoun or noun preceding it for emphasis. eg. “{HOHO”, “HMAC” “HRAC” “eA”, “kz Ad”. @ Ace. “You yourself know (what to write).” ® WRT E BIRT. “T heard that you had an exam last week.” “” and “FF” are both used with reference to the order of things or to time sequence, with “|.” meaning “last” or “previous”, and “F” meaning “next” or “the following”. last/previous 7 _this ___next/the_following kK (last time) BK (this time) FR inext time) EINE (last Friday) (3&4+) 98H (this Friday) ~ 2% (next Friday) LA (last month) i<&4+ AA (this month) >A (next month) © RIL HS Katia? “How long is the loan period here for a book? ” -33-© —A PAH —-AUPE. “The fine for an overdue book is two mao per day.” KEY SENTENCES » MANTRA, » RAVER, AE RIED T . - AFR RTH? - MEP DEE MEK A HK, + TRL AME HERA BIE T - ILA BT A BS Ka Ta]? - BOBIMT BARAK, - APA EPA AL, Riek BLST. 1. 3% FINE Master the following phrases (1) MERE SRRAR BMARLALY FFREBH REE —@ILHR -QILHAIR —DLRLA RBG —ALASRF (2) 4&5 Ate aes Ac AeHya ACM ADR RANA CEER WALCAERB MATHRIR AA Ce SKRARCHBT AQtHaBS AN ATA OE (3) ER EE FR FE BR BA BR BE LRA FRA FRA FWHR BRS BRR NBRE BNLER FRAR BRA S-APK PADMA WNHH (4) texkABAT FRRT te ET temerL tek RT FFUIRAT = HIKARI PERT WARM PAT MAGE T HR FILS T (5) f-*A F-BL A+ EM EA RAZR a — + 3p ep RT ZDS FTG AT-SA AMT ZR FIP —H ~34-2. 4jHU2FH Pattern drills (1) RAIL? FLENOR ROMER H BRT RA? RA. te-SILBBR, 2) Kiba? Rie WERET « WU aR BE BA TB? WRAP BEEBE 3) MAMET ART? (4) ABRAM? AACA IRRRT o (5) RAT BARD 355? RA, MERA Me ALE JL? PAPE RW AAD MT. 8:45 7:15 DRE AK 11:30 —#& FR BR — sat RL CER ARBRA)DRT 3) Be] Je (yuelanshi) AAAK(F) Af Bit BOR FR ER aR = AEH = hi x Sih ehA 8 2 ve, +e 9h aE % te Bate = APwa eS (zdzhi) RX 83 | 27 aie RE 5 =35—(6) LEMMA, MIRAR-RIR BAT? RA,RAZET. ("a FAG 10546] i Ee 8m Hob at FT SKA? Ave BR 5 DAP RFT AIL, (7) FAARRBABKT FE GE 3K 2? RAKE DBE KEHR SIKH 2NZH Sapa? ARK BEe 244 RE +, 8) tobi +i]? (8) ete ST SRN? Og Em Be ae RAT BD, £R PQ -—H ? ES Rik WEA EAH? te] tk Ab MA(wendd) sik RVBSGRH, TRAES ARRAS. 3. HREHS) Classroom activity Ask three of your classmates in Chinese, how much time they spend each day on the following activities, and then report your findings to the whole class: eee rrrS—‘“—“Ssi—srs—S—s—s=s—ses—s—s—™s—Ss=—S—s—C=ErC 4. S844 Conversation exercises [4H4€ Filling out forms] A: AA, KBiT (ylding) J — Fig (fangjian), AH 4 B: RE—-F. MH, WAM - FREER, A: #1, 8AM? Bz JUL OY ES PE Bi Fo HH (QUOjf) , ILIA ME A PRS , A: Bam, RAGS?B: %}, 2K RAR(ydoshi), May Fl] 2668S, 4448 Borrowing books | 1) A: #1, A a__ 2 B: #ATAH—# A R(mulu), A: MILE? B, ARILA BH oe A . (2) A: AA, RARER, B: 3, RHA BRER TY? A: HAMIL HTS Kat i? B: OO ‘3&8 Returning books] A: AA, RELKGHH. 1 35H, BEAT ZAR, BLA, : RO? ATK, ROMA MSFET CAP UMRE-—HD? : TM, BERBER, oo 2 PAT, RT AE AE (XUiS) 3% AB HP > ETAR-AA Sp wb ‘Wi AA Making new friends ] (1) A: BaF, GS Sy? B: G3! GW 4eik IL? A: REL, BERM BI. B: Hit. SRR, RRA SH. MEMS, rr sr sr B: 44, -37-(2) B: TUMHRY? A:T, REAL RHR CG, HL HBR, B: tit, B: RET AKBALT, A: AHR FARBIL, B: HH, BRERA. A: #,RA, 1 8Y2S # Leaving and coming back in a moment] (1) A: RAZ, BH wi, B: 3, RMR, (DA ee ee (2) A: BAZAG? B, A, RRR. AFLG? A: BRRME—F. B: $,A-AILRA, (to C, D) 441 29H voi , &—AIL ° 5. HPV Describe the following pictures C1) CampIL 2?) -38-6. 3€FR4kJ Communication practice (1) You go to the university library to borrow books about the Chinese language. First, you ask the library staff where the grammar books are located, and how to find them. Then you ask whether there are any new or good textbooks for spoken Chinese. ‘The library staff answer all of your questions. (2) Last time, you borrowed five Chinese books dealing with grammar, spoken Chinese, translation, and Chinese characters. You have kept these books for over a month. Today when you go to the library to return them, you find out that they are overdue and you have to pay fines. (3) You want to get a library card. You must fill out the following form: HS PER “Ee(nignling) : RL AE (QUO) : ee = A ae : regal bus sRYerre nnn) omprehension and P J -¥R (Guangdong) HAE PE (chalou) RYT ARAA(IGOrEn) 84 Be — KABA AAR FF HB (KGISHT) . HAN ABA AB AR FERRE H ERR BORA A, RAPHE T BAR, MILBARS He ROR HALF, RU ABB RY FIL, LALA RAG IRA, MEK A Ct AAR BBR EN Fo Fhe UR OT HAIL, WAT ABR To KBP ARG REE HIG SE sy, BA BF (hGizi) AT, BRKT ,-RA ERR BE AE. BMRB, WKS, WNEKE-RBIL, FRNA (TENAO) MT! ARS HHA ALAR KIL AAR, A Sih SK 49 BH IL PRAM CRAP AMA BE, BORA LAM BR RA -39-ATA GT FORGOT ALA T FRARELET a ULUmUrmUmrC——e 1. f§ A345 1]4MH The simple directional complement “ye” and “2” are often placed after certain verbs to act as their complements, showing the direction of their actions. Such complements are called simple directional complements. If the action moves towards the speaker, or proceeds towards the object(s) under discussion, we use “3K” ; and if the action moves away from the speaker or proceeds away from the object(s) under discussion , we use “£”. For example; Arif Re (The speaker is standing inside. ) D Ed AT 4 (The speakers are standing upside, BC; Ait HC, | (The speakers are standing outside. ) BC!GH: MEAT. (The speakers are standing downside. ) If a verb with a simple directional complement has an object, it should be placed between the verb and its complement. To negate the completion of an action, the negative adverb “}&( 4)” is used. To form the V/A-not-V/A question with this eonstruction, use the affirmative and negative forms of the predicative verb. V+0 + H/E Predicate Subject - = laa T 7 =| | Adverbial | v L oO | Re & | Pt aun % x ks wei] | B | oR | To HA) / + | ae | 8? a | Rw) | @ | ® * | tk | WA | BRE | WR ORD fe | eee mk Note; The verb in this type of sentence cannot be modified by the particle “7” @; but the particle “J” @ can be used at the end of the sentence to show that something has already happened. Thus, we cannot say @ “lel 7 342 ” 2. “FR” $a] (1) The “ff” sentence (1) The “##” sentence is a kind of sentence with a verbal predicate. It is frequently used in Chinese to show how the action in the sentence disposes of an object and how this disposal affects the object, i.e. whether the object has been transposed, or its state has been changed. For example; General statement vs. Emphasis on disposal A: EWA A T 2 A: WO BR? EARARILT? B, RABHT. B; Ade#IET. (so you can't find it now) -41-A: WH 2H RLS? A: BARMAN ARG Ada ARE? B: AST (HH), B: AMAR, Kies t AST. (so ve made such a mistake) In the “ff” sentence, the preposition “#%” and its object — the thing(s) to be disposed of — must function together as an adverbial and be placed after the subject and before the verb. S + 48 + O + V + other elements Predicate Subject Adverbial Prep oO Other OpV v | “3” | (disposed of) elements =. T & ae IL & oc a fe | BRAG] OR | Teme K oe KH 4 LK 4 & | To Me #e BE I TRA? We can see the following points from the sentences in the above table: (1) The main verb in the “4” sentence must be a transitive one, and often it has the meaning “dispose of” or “manipulate”. Verbs such as “4 ,7£,42,%,#&,Fl, BK, BS and WW”, which do not have the meaning “dispose of” or “manipulate”, cannot be used in the “#1” sentence. (2) The object in the “2” sentence is usually definite in the speaker's mind. Therefore, we cannot say: @ “FL HGGE— ABIL T ” We can only say: “RFGIE ABA BT”, or “IHL KW BRT. ” (3) The verb a _ “ga” sentence must take some other element(s) after it. The “4” sentences discussed in this lesson all have the particle “J” at the end (and we will introduce the other “ff” sentences with different element(s) later). We cannot say;@ “FE St LAR”; we must say: “FFELIXAILES T” instead. (4) An optative verb or adverb (functioning as an adverbial) must be put before “ff”. For example: “#@GEL MW BIBT. ” 3. BY2L4#hH (1) The time-measure complement (1) The time-measure complement is used after a verb to indicate the duration of -42-an action or state. When the verb has an object, it is duplicated after the object and then followed by a time-measure complement. The first verb is usually omitted in this construction, and its interrogative form often uses the phrase “4 itt ii]”. (V) + O + V_ + time-measure complement | Predicate Subject 7 ] | (Vv) | oO i Vv Pt Times -measure Complement tk | y | -4, ik | | aa | | #4 RAT | O®) He BE ode | SKA ia? a |) ae | oF | Nat Note: Only time phrases indicating a period of time can be used as time-measure complements, such as “—4}4h, Bi/)it,= RUA, H4 and —S JL”. Time phrases indicating a point of time on the time scale, such as “= A$h,—H—#, 2002 4F”, cannot be used as time-measure complements, since they do not express a duration of time. For example, we cannot say; ® “#7 — AK, ” To create the negative form, a negative adverb is usually placed before the predicative verb of the sentence with the time-measure complement. For example; TAREAPIEF WETT EPA, UIGEA THAN A EH? RIPE RA A AS BE 6 1. FHI (2) Methods of constructing Chinese characters (2) Ideographic method (4§33%%): This is a method in which new characters are created by adding signs to conventional symbols and pictographs. There is only a small number of characters that fall under this category, and they are basically of -43-two types: a. Those created on the basis of the conventional symbols established in primi- tive times. For example: —,—,2,19,%,*%,4. b. Those created by adding indicative signs to pictographs. For example; J]. RPE, FP. 2. ASGHAMF Lear and write basic Chinese characters ay FSFE BR bido form 8 strokes (2) Hh ) Ni NHR sa thirty 4 strokes 3) EB 2 eee guGn official 8 strokes (4) JE ele ee zhéng right 5 strokes (3) © = TE KK shi style 6 strokes 3. UBS PHF Learn and write the Chinese characters appearing in the texts (1) 4 ba qe 4 + GB 7 strokes2) & wang Bo F + ay w&S 7 strokes 3) BAF tushigudn (i ¥4F) A a 0 + Az 8 strokes NB >A + F 11 strokes (4) de bangongshi (##Az) BOT +e 9 strokes 5) FFAG jieshOzhéeng (8 #2) eof 4+ #448 10 strokes jE 4 + 7 strokes 6) %# tian eae ED 13 strokes 7) % dai (4) a 9 strokes 8) & man wMmoht+py+we hd 14 strokes 9) 4% shénghud pany - 7 + t 9 strokes -45-(10) #8) xingbié > bt 4 ee || (11) Hak zhiyé (FRX) (13) Fi kGoshi (42) BOF + 5 wri + Kk (14) #4% bucud (#44) tee + e # (fanzitcu) © ° ° 2 # AB (15) 4% fanyi (#1eF ) moe ++ J + Boi +h + (16) #F Xin RoR +R + -46- 8 strokes 7 strokes 11 strokes 6 strokes 6 strokes 8 strokes 13 strokes 7 strokes ] 18 strokes 7 strokes 13. strokes17) Hae fakuan (a) 3 > wtf +t i 9 strokes Rrm~bintc nz 12 strokes 18) whe dianndo (€ As) i + 2 10 strokes 19) # cha eoR+ B+ — 9 strokes 20) IA shiyong (3) x Ta f+ & 8 strokes SUbALIR Cultural The Educational System of China The educational system of China consists of basic education, vocational and technical education, higher education, and adult education. Basic education refers to pre-school, primary, and general secondary education. Chinese children usually start their schooling at the age of six or seven. They spend six years in an elementary school. After that, they enter junior middle school to study for three more years. These nine years of schooling are generally -47-referred to as “nine-year compulsory education”, and are made universal in mos: parts of China. After graduating from junior middle school, many students enter senior middle school, whereas some choose to go to specialized secondary school or vocationa’ secondary school (generally called “vocational senior middle school”). The period of study for both types of school is three years. After graduating, students may seek employment, or they may choose to continue their studies at the higher education level. The length of schooling for a university education is usually four years, but some programs (medicine, for instance) require five years of study. At the time of | graduation, if a student meets all the academic requirements, and is given the authorization of the state, a bachelor’s degree is then conferred upon him or her by the university. After graduating from university, one may opt for further studies toward master’s and doctoral degrees. Each degree usually takes three years to obtain. Like most universities in the world, Chinese universities offer three academic degrees, i.e., the bachelor’s, the master’s, and the doctorate. ~48—Have you ever worn Chinese-style clothes before? Do you know shat a Chinese cheongsam is? When shopping for clothes, do you :sually compare colour, price, size and style? In this lesson you will earn how to choose clothes and make comparisons in Chinese. S+ti® Lesson 17 THR: _ 2 DR MRL PA RARE » WAR RH? ARATE AEH LOD ASE Veov NA Ne veN vev = Sema? RRLEEAT. TERE AK LBITHT RRA RA, ve 4vvV e Mie HR CR Aoi FS v- ‘ ~ ON 25 7 MAEM, LEAK HE OR 2 coma hi = Comparing tines JD SRT ORABHROKIHEMR HE TLD EORER-ERKBBOE, HAH ~49-TAK: 2 TAR: EH: TAR: EA: THR: & ia] 1 Bee 50 - DERE PAAR? SNe ee Vv VN EN VV eRe IKE EMA, REFRBK, MAF HP AFUE TO URE PAARL, hak Ame, Wik HH? Baik ze 2009? Lawes) vy 4 SR Describing things REKAH, vv Vv vvvyv ¢ vd KUEN, 4 ik, MALE HF AEE Kh TY? Ves NNN VFsNSN ¢ Ve - NV RABAT WREAREM. te HELM ILE? Neve vennyv KLM C, MULES, WAT BIL, Sv Nv V4 VN A IUEE A, MUNF PHL, REREAD ER, New Words N qipdo cheongsam; a long formal dress with a slit skirt — (438049 ,33¢ (P8678, + Ela a) Prep bi than (indicating comparison) [LAB EEY FE OWE, LE FD, HEAR AJL v mdi to sell SEX AR, SIEM , SEB, Seep 4 LAR A zhdngshi Chinese style "PSRRAR, PHBE N shi type; style Adv yijing already BAU+FET BART, BX BHAT20. 21. Adv Adv Zz >> > > shangdidn shang dian ji(le) yiding cha kdishi taijiquan tao shudi ydansé héi héng bdi pidnyi méi guanxi gOngyudn zOu shop; store /\\ fj ACHAT TEE , Je RUE KAR DG, RT commerce; business shop; store extremely ZAR T BRT HER T MART must; surely —7E4RF ,— FETE, i ALE, RR 2 A not up to standard; poor; bad /f£ 22, ART RH, AEA Silty RZ to start; to begin FE SAFFHR WM BUEFE AG, MOR FEARS IK FRR BC FPR HE Taiji Boxing § #KKA FT ARS set; suit; suite —ZePstAR,— BKEF BRR handsome; smart 4h , PART , EG tS, — 4 colour ft Asif WEE MBL, Hea HBAS , CARY BE, black FRAY, BA, ROR AR red 204) , ECB , ATER white ANY, ABE, Ae cheap (8H) ,— BMA KAR, — JERE never mind; it doesn’t matter #{— RILERA , MB ILRRA DK JLRRA pak EA SUL, KAMTARS BARE .— PAB to walk; to go AASBIEE HE T— AT EAE -51-a OUR: » 4 om RH km BSH ak 5 a OUR; -~52- ap: HA AAT, ety » REAM? yvvs & PEAR] 7 + &q : RPWR- x . Buying clothes Jy ON v ve Sn XN _ ven oe RMR 5 Ce VSL VV EMRE? he v Ne. 7 KT AMBIT .* vA 4a -7s A aS vevev : MA AAR, RAMEE T « CN a vvNe SN SON v : Amare, TARS AA. RO 2a NNN ‘ aN \ -Vess ae 2 PL RAR ICAL T AE AEF ABM tA AY aes, : Fo REGRUEAK RIL, RKB? VV ea NV) SSS o - NS vNNvvs / : RMR, BARE TAS AMEE, He BPHRAG, SSUSS 2S v ‘ FEE OAR Bid, RE RAE HEDRH 5H Om RM km R ® Om Rw OM: = inl 1. BY 2. tH 3. ATA 4. RK va Se : REAR ABT. X\ nn vuvev v uN tO, HR AF KAILA, RAR, AT ik 4 VNNSN oo NN NNN ZL CARPARK AD, ARIA vv N74 7 - VVAN a ven : DHL, KARIUET AAIERS RHRSE, NN 4 Fev ‘ > Se HO AMER EK vVANVN : TRUST. VN Ne 2 HARE GES 2 Lvs : HATRR. 4 fey : 2H RT BIL, v VN VAN Nf NN ANY Moo S : HC, RAK RH MABE T . ESR XN Vv VN NN 2 O74 FA? AAR MIAIK ARS BR? New Words N xiGoshi hour Bist, LAN sanh , eb sit v gudoqu to pass Bit pW eA T SRA N chénshan shirt —fPH, AA, PAS KT WET A 1a green AREY) RBA RA RRR -53-10. #2 1. 12, BSP 13. ARIA 14, 2234 15. FAR N yangzi N shouhudyudn v shou N hud Vv shi Vv juéde A héshi A dudén A gdo N gongfén Vv mdfan N sichéu N xifa ehFetial Supplementary Words LR M shudng 2. #E(-F) ON xié(Zi) KR N toufa 4. 474 vo ddazhé 5. & M _ tido -54- shape; sample; model; pattern #iF4. AWE BOOT shop assistant; salesclerk to sell #5 goods to try on; to have a try idit it—ikt, UTR EAB AE A HR to feel; to think SiAACK , WAR Bik EA BOEA RIL, SEABED AE EAR T suitable; appropriate; right 72438 ,4 TERT PRAT A HOB BA short MGH IGA JGR RA JL, RABE RT high; tall HAGA, — AIL, AS centimeter PUA 4} , i —2A5}, HABA BIAS to bother sb.; to trouble sb. JRE, FRIGIEST , ABURRIBL AB BRIT silk 2298) 6) , 22 9848} 42 , 1H FB) 22 9] Western-style clothes; suit —Z= pq A , 3 DEAR , PEAR AER, 235 AY pair shoes hair to sell at a discount; to give a discount 4T ILA (to sell at ten percent discount) (a measure word for long, narrow objects, such as trousers, skirt, snake, etc. )6. RET N kuzi trousers; pants 1. FR N xid@ngsheng comic dialogue; repartee 8 JAA IE liGobual amazing; terrific; extraordinary 9. ie A bdo thin 10. M ye page ll. HF N lidozi material for making clothes 12. AP bu cloth; fabric 13. Be Adv Z6ngshi always 4. N bido watch D MRA RACIAL T 2 “How long have you been in Beijing?” Some actions, such as “3, 3, #]”, do not endure over time, so a time-measure complement must be used to indicate a period of time from the occurance of this kind of actions until the time of speaking. When the verb is followed by an object, the time-measure complement must be placed after the object. For example; RAPRLA-#T, HERRELBRD DH T 2D BUA AOE MHS T “Now there are plenty of stores and shopping malls in Beijing,” In spoken language, “jk” and “4” are often placed after an adiective or a verb as a complement to indicate an extent or degree. “ff 7” denotes the highest degree, while “4 J” indicates a great extent of difference. For example: AV +&T/ BT ik BH RI RT te aX MT. MAB HRAB FH ZT. HOFF rete FR 3T. -55-® WRT! “That's wonderful!” In spoken language, this is an expression indicating absolute agreement or satisfaction. It is more emphatic than “KEPT” . Note the range of expressions used to describe the qualities of things; HEART , KEE T (marvelous; excellent ) | AEA, RMF (very good ), # ( good ) AN (not bad ) ATLL, A pEHE (passable; just so-so), AA (not very good) | ABE, 22 I (bad ) ® REARTHT. “I have already bought the shirts.” A verb plus the particle “J” D is a perfective construction. If the object doe- not have an attributive or a numeral classifier compound, _ it requires the particl- “J” @ to complete the sentence. These two particles together indicate the completion and realization of the action expressed by the verb. They also emphasize that th- event or situation has already occurred. For example; RET HBT. ROLT RT. O/H, AURIS , HORE EEL “Miss, I'm really sorry to have troubled you so much.” This expression conveys apology as well as heartfelt thanks. © FEMS, FRB, “All right, I'll buy this one.” This is a common shopping expression. The word “jf” shows emphasis. -56-eee as Drills and Practice : KEY SENTENCES tL RAR S Kepe T? MEK A RE HY, BHR or 0h? REBETHBT. + TEA PAE He AR HE AR 9 AE IE 0 » EA ara BR RA KA » EAE EAB ES T » Ue BR eH doh 13S . LAE Fe SMT. PAI DAKRYWNE 1. JAB TA Master the following phrases (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) RH 2H G6 ee Fey we Ra MD SiH EH MAM AR RN KA ABA HY ALS OD ABH ay BEPAWH MERKEN RH MARTH PHS se pL sissy Goa iby NBA sky KIL Ah LAR FR DREW Bey Aew YoHeF RIE WGKA HHH KAKA WAM BSE RAGE OA MRA BR ROM HAMA CH RR WIR RB HATRR REATK KHAD BERD B-+ PTH RAB eR at ORBEA BI Hp RRP KKAR- RIL LRM BRAD SRI ART HRT BRI TRAIT SSZRT MEMT RST HST FST KSI BST BST HST RAST BRST #BST BRST AST RAREST KKA-#HT FGRPAT MRALBED DMT FRBLA-RE PHT -57-(6) ST SRRFT AT AhAMT LATTAAAT RI SHRMT 2. 4) 219F% Pattern drills AI -ARERT (1) MA PHOS Katia 72 x Lie ArH eR P REST, Rk BEFR —F & i 20 4p k AB Nas af (2) sR Aba EH? (A)8® HES 3h HAE He ANE AOR, (A) BB x RARE (HHA (12) 8 EH 3B (3) SRR ey? b+ Fr cr REASAR MIR A | DHEMORE ABRHRG BE MRA MRA BE | 4 et Ih (4) RMB KERB KP HAH RK. (4) BAR AAA Hombaty By? | (AL shudng) A ALA re AMAA kay ,| HOKE) s 13 C ) B46, — AIL (5) HHA REED? KR MOM AA RARE, -58- (A) Be we 3 G — 43. HRAIES Classroom activity Complete the following comparisons (1) RiBB: 23 Re; RISB 37 HK > REPCRGHRA RBPAKRBHRAS Y? RIB PURER RA mR, (2) RFRA: 18.50 2; PBRA:26.90 t > VERA PRA sTHRAMRFRA BY? VERA R ERA Ro (3) RAIA: 350 A544 R240 A > RMNMAMAMIAWA RIAA ve RA BY? BATA WA He Ko LEIP 43 F RAI 30 > LAIR LAB He AE a iG eee SEF HAG 120 DF ; ARH HA! 117 AY DP RARE A RR a AR a BY? es eee (4 S BY? (5 4. 18489 Conversation exercises (FIRS Describing things] C1) A: A,B EB? Bz We aR A I? A: SRA, BR Joi 1 BF ped Li, -59-B: FHiRRKW? A: Bi, WHER, FREER K— BIL, KR (tOufa) A AILA, B: RAT WY KAZ, AK 209 HAE, A: tit. (2) A: BARR UARFRARE. Be aii ee er aie A: MGGAT AT URe REKPAW, rrr ————r—OOOSCOCONC_ONtssW [ e#8 Comparing things ] (1) A: DH MRACRA , RATAN AG HE, HR LIK A 1 HF AGIA AF RRR IR, LAE KH FOHR TS 2 HBL HY LAE FS 2 UR BLAE AD, Ee 4 2 7 ae He 6 TIM RACKS Kat i] T? : RFR RH PRE BARR CT, [SEACH Buying clothes | (1) A: B; eee PHL, RAL K HE, WEEK : RF 42 $45, : BAAR. : TUKR— FH? > TU, SEB?OP OF OP OP OF OP OP OR Pe Pee > READ BIL, > ERAGE, SYR? 280 3. 2 ERT BIL? BFS, 37 LAF (ZHE) 2 UR SE FEE % (iGO) HF (Uzi) 447 HOM AAA. I, SRA? 350 38, FARE RIL A? Bo BFSV ARH? : RF SAPH, : RES, : BYR? 199 3k, : KET. M232 1S : 100 3k, 100 RAF. BNA, $—F. 150%, #48, : RE FEE WAS A, 120 3k A AE? -61-5. #MAiE Describe the following pictures RULER MAILER oF Fr——C PILE RH cee eee eee ILM ERGAILHFER SF, FFT, AB ILA ER ve BT. 7 ee SEP AHR HG AB AE ROB : ARE RAR 7 SRE RR ' ARE RAR AR DE , ORME FIRE? LF ve o RABF_ a TIM 18] BF? -62-6. 3€BR4RJ Communication practice (1) You have just returned from Beijing. Describe to your relatives the difference between China and your own country, or compare Beijing to a city in your country. (2) What does your friend like? What does hehe like to do on the weekends? Call and talk to your friend now. (3) You went shopping in a mall. At first you wanted to buy a suit, but it was too expensive, so you didn’t buy it. Then you wanted to buy some shirts, but they were either too big or too small, or too long or too short. You didn’t find the colours or styles suitable, so you didn’t buy any shirts. Finally, you bought a Chinese-style dress that appealed to you. Le bb ane teen “Tai JL” (ABFA, xiangsheng ) > : EAL, FHI SE FT? RELY SST BMRA BE? RLIMRE LSS. SER T TED AMM HRS! BIT FAQ (lidobuq!) , REA. VER AMM, TARA. MBE T AB, RT? > WD > Ww B, xt, HARM (bd0), MAR (ye). A, RALSET —ARB HH B, SYR? A: ZAR. B, HARMSSAR! BAT RR, A: REX. RARER AM, TARR, Heagata ZH AF (lidozi ) #4? B, 2 (bu) a4, Ar RF MARA, B, EM HARMS T. -63-» BEA. RSE SR? > RSBET,? : BS#ET—. a : REA. MSH? : 172484 ,8*? : ROLE 173 BF, et H— KIL, : Fe, 4% (ZOngshi) ta&B— AIL, > RE. Mei R(DIGO)MA ILA? : uk. : RWRET A. 2 BA AACR AT RA : REG —? a s . i. 18% (eri ls 1. “BY”F417R(1) The “BY” phrase (1) The “fj” phrase is constructed by placing “ff” after a noun, a pronoun, an adjective, a verb, or a noun or verbal phrase. It is equivalent to a noun and expresses some distinction. aN 2A KR % (mine) Nip #4 (the teacher's) 25 4) (the silk one) x th (the big one) -64-The “fy” phrase can be used as a subject or an object in a sentence. For example: ABORT, RAAB. REKRY ABA HH, 2. FASt I“ i” 227 WBE (1) Comparison using the preposition “Hi” (1) The preposition “[{” may be used to compare the qualities and characteristics of two things. “[{” and its object form a prepositional phrase and are often placed before the adjective, in sentences with an adjectival predicate. S + Prep“th” + N/Pr + A Predicate Subject I nn a | Prep “It” N/Pr A sh HE He AR He, HH AWBORE He ss BE #5 Bo IANA AS He ARE A AS ib, ha La te i. The preposition “ft” with its object may be placed before a verb to express comparison in sentences with a verbal predicate. S + Prep“th” + N/Pr + VP Predicate Subject N Prep “th” N/Pr VP te % & wit HS. dh HG RK wit \ Hedi RE a RA we e F The adverb “7X” is placed before “fi” to form a negative comparative sentence. “x ®iby + A” means “x < y” or “x = y”. For example; fe Y64H. (meaning “I am taller than him” or “he is as tall as me”) DHEGRBAR KKH 44 RBL, (meaning “things in small stores are better than those in big shopping malls ” or “ things in- small stores are as good as those in big shopping malls”) -65-Notes; (1) The auxiliary verbs and adverbs must be placed before “[L” . For example; Ue BAR OR Hei 3 ROT AB HER TE, SAF RAR YS RG ARE RRS (2) The adverbs “4,3 ,4E 7%” cannot be used before the adjective in a “te” sentence with an adjectival predicate. For example, we can not say @ “eR. ” 3. 3(344MB The complement of quantity In a “[{” sentence with an adjectival predicate, the complement of quantity (a numeral-measure word phrase ) can be used after the main element of the predicate to express specific differences between two things or persons. A + Numeral-measure word phrase Predicate Numeral-measure word Subject N/Pr | A phrase “EE” | (the object of | (the aspect of | | comparison) | comparison ) ee | comparison ) 3b FUR He ABE RR RK —Fo BAT ia ARAB x 20 3k ike wb ARE k BAD» BAIA we | eR 3B 90 NBA The word “—{JL” is used to indicate a slight difference between two things or persons, while “47” is used to indicate that the difference is great. For example; SEAR GARE HE BL, EA WAI ARAN BS T The question form for this type of sentence is “A + 4/b?”. For example; Ui RCM RS SYA? A RUIRIG ARE HE By (AR)? -66-ees 1. 358979573 (3) Methods of constructing Chinese characters(3) Associative method (42%): This method of construction combines two or more words to create a new word with a new meaning, which is derived from the associa- tion of the original meanings of all the individual components. For example, “JK” is constructed by placing one “person” after another, to signify the meaning “to follow”. We have learned the following characters in this category: ARG, AL SAE, AS GRAS EAD, 2. ADGBAWT Leam and write basic Chinese characters ay ¥ bb Bue ff bi to compare 4 strokes a) & 2s yi already 3 strokes oa 5DBR 4 ji and 3 strokes (4) Se chan to produce; to give birth to 6 strokes 6) B \vuVVwaepeypee Roe héi black 12 strokes ©) & 2b be bb wb i si silk 5 strokes 613. USOC 'h HLF Leam and write the Chinese characters appearing in the texts % (yizipang) 7 4 FH F 5 strokes (“48” is written as “%” on the left side of a character. ) (1) #4 qipdo BomA+ rr + # 14 strokes FL > FF + & 10 strokes (2) & mai (#) Bot +E 8 strokes (3) #7 shangdidn keo>ypt+te 8 strokes (4) AR jf (4) Brkt R 7 strokes (5) —# yiding ze are tre 8 strokes (6) #34 kGishi (BA 44) we - +k + Ly + 2 8 strokes Rlquanzitou) ~ eve ¥ ye 6 strokes (1) KR tdijiquan (AA) & a>RKR+F 10 strokes -68-8) tao zB _ ae +E 10 strokes 9) JP shudi (#P) yp > yY + p 5 strokes * (daozitou) 7 7 2. strokes (“7]” is written as “4%” on the top side of a character.) 10) #& yansé (sé) BR FF + B+ We 15 strokes &B77+8 6 strokes 11) ##@ pidnyi 4 > f + 9 strokes >> + A 8 strokes yl 12) RK A MEi guanxi GAM KH) RPV HR 6 strokes 13) 2H gongyuan (28) gy —_ O + Ju 7 strokes (14) 444% chénshan (#874 ) ay a % + + 8 strokes 4G —> # + GB 8 strokes 15) 210 (#&) Ror 2+ R 11 strokes -69-(16) #4 4 | ShOUhUdyudn (4 #% # ) &@ oe +0 11 strokes oi —> 4+ nh 8 strokes (17) @3& héshi (4-38) xé -> & a h 9 strokes (18) #@ dudn FE > Fes 12 strokes (19) ARR mdfan (ARIA) TR fF + 11 strokes Mok + HT 10 strokes fan (20) #448 sichou (448) ot ee ey -70-Urban transportation in China currently depends mainly on buses and the subway. Beijing has a very advanced public transit system. The bus routes are so numerous that it is possible to take the wrong bus. Our friend, Ma Dawei, took the wrong bus this time because he didn’t remember the place name of his destination correctly. SB+/\i® Lesson 18 FOE TS, Weis - TR VV VAN BK A: WH RRF XN _ PER, VoevAsSN LAR: RAF. Sv oN Nvvenre BAH, REPRO ROARS PL MBAPLEL Nvsvva0n Ho KRAKWMRA IA ——~oon es] At the post office vev THAR: 87, ® Hae. = Vv oe bd VVN ZNO HRA: ste, RAM FORK, RBATAD. niLAK: RRA: LA Gh: IHEAR: RRA: Dl -72- A G1) XE MPIL? Cena ven ae ‘ BRB ARLAL . REMI? va KAO SN 4208 vA FAME ELIA? Ne VVN NO VN VM VN SNe Ay FAVE MME, TRUER ST. Five cen VAN v ‘ in 106 3. AEBILS LG BF, vv ven ve DHL, RK ER-KOR. HEME EAR, PRR, MORK ARIOE RB BRLRER® — (3288) Reminding vN very oS NN 40 as va VvS Rh: AHEM, MET WARM P RHO Al: atte. “an BA 8 8 88 th 8 cawen oS WAR : ic Ro Ut] BASF rare vaeees ; ae i Ate &: ght i ere §areiaay (3. ey | esas EPHEDRA aa [Sees : , a tora Te x LEW haniee: Al wists: 200030 fw meabaa3su [Rem aif a #) SERRA aaEF . an iat Hit fir Me are i 7 warts | erm Stat WROH, MUARER AA “EMA RUA PAY WORET= ial New Words 1. 10. i. 12. 13. 14. w% . AE BR re Bo Ry BP Se BHR ii fo % + & Vv Prep zm V/N j cud bdogud xié Yingwén cidian jiu bao wang hdangkong kong hdiyun hai youféi fei qu tongzhidan tongzhi dan to remember; to bear in mind WA IMS GR IE wrong; erroneous ici, .S 4H DARE GEE AE parcel; package F443 ,— 4a, RE, AIK PLE some —HE , jE, ABBE we , A Beez English 33045, HEREC HH HB POSE SCRAR, BETH dictionary S374) HL, FP IC iA ste, — AKL, 2 ia old; past; used [Alia] st IA, TELA AR, EZ to wrap 415, UE, fade to; toward GE 26 EE , EWE Be, ERK DAB AEB JL ae aviation 2F {125 , M25 ZS i], {MLAS “HEL sky; air sea transportation; ocean shipping; ocean freight 2 M8 , Wea AF] sea; big lake postage 26H 8 , 2 7b ih He fee; expenses; charge # #. 45 RH Kee to take; to get; to fetch #19877 FUER, SUB ay LE BR FRG advice note;letter of notice (13638 FALE EG AL to notify; to inform/notification sheet, paper -73-15. MEX N hdiguan customhouse; customs 2} , WEE THAR 16. Adv bié don't HST HWMAT MST 17. 4p RR N huzhdo passport FGA, ap FR WAR PR 18. BA, A kéqi polite; courteous AAA, REE, NEA KER 19. #8 TPN Jia@ngud Mén Jianguo Men (a place in Beijing) ie N mén door; gate; entrance NZ NN A NVR oN v Sve TAR: KA, MEBEBK MY BILE. MEILE AKER? ven viv \« ‘ BRA: BRB RAE, A IT, (ARE) 4 \ <= Uncertainty TARR: A, RULA 83 BARAL, Bat Nee ‘ v . SN 47) 4a 7 BRA: HRA. ERT AN ALEO vN-evvy NN 4a \ GN OS : HARALA F-3b WN, FORE S AS 7 er ss HAG MLA OREES -74-a ae a= BRA: THR: BRA: + ik 1B : BRAABAN, KLEMM. : Shik, BRRAR RRSK, HESS vv US 76 NS LN 40 A: V4, ABRAARRZAWIN? Ve NNN Ga SN N44 [2448] Taking the bus NO o ; aun Lee T > se SVVN eRe NS LN NvSN Nae : RARE TARA FA, A ABIL BLS ETT, 2 ves va vve-N 4a A: RAMRB? RT! KBR, oN Ne NN VN Vee veves Y Sf ove tenes -\4% Nv vey s Ke: KA, MBE A AA LEAR ART PRET AD vev VAAN A: RET, TROT. ‘ VV NNSA : RABE MCP RR TB? ee VN = RRR ears! TRELRGRMAR EERE | ae alt mp. 252 06679) | He He Soe IFES Looney) | 5 fisishisti7g aia Be @ Rik mB? lola len fost: | (59154155 56] 57| 50 1162/63 ales, ak -- VVe wv - 2-e- SN WHE, Ae RMMPET New Words N lu route 803 i ,323 #,331 BK 2. BHAA N — gonggdng giché bus 810 BATE, 726 BEATEN BE A gonggong public; common; communal Z3£)ij Sf -75-4. HR 5. PEAT) 6 ESR K 8. Bid) 9. 3b 10. KE 11. WeFR 12. BS 13. FRE 14. By TT -~76- 227 < vo PN qiché ché jingguo hdoxiang xiang zdnmen shdupidoyudn pido dajia N(bian) zhan chéngké chéng ké ditié fangxin Qidnmén automobile; motor vehicle; car vehicle to pass; to go through; to go by & DERH ANE AURSA BAA AURA to seem; to be like #(@JERITT,& BEBE I BE SADR AY to seem; to look as if; to appear we, us MAUR F , af] —ite ticket seller; conductor ticket 755%, REI, ASE, Hi woe all; everybody KA , HARV, BRKRA BB in; inside; within 2B dé station; stop Pi¥H, F—3h AER, ASE passenger FE AQF€% , A b FAG % DEH WRE to ride FE, FRINH FEA visitor; guest underground railway; subway FMW MWK, BWR to set one’s mind at rest; to be at ease; to feel relieved iff BO0> ,BEL> AE AN BOD in a wretched state; in a mess; too bad ACHPRE , BOMDRE Qianmen (a place in Beijing)ah7etial Supplementary Words 1 BI M gOngjin kilogram (kg.) 2, MR N youpido stamp 3. BA N jinian commemorate 4. RE Adv ranhdu then 5. YE N/V zhtinbéi preparation/to prepare; to get ready 6. FRAA A congming clever; bright 7. Ju-F N érzi son 8. 3 M féng (measure word for letter) 9. 484t N xinféng envelope 10. Js Vv tié to stick; to paste Ll. Hh N sinzi grandson D RAPA MIN “These books are all new.” “#6” represents uncertain quantities, commonly used with “3X”, “HB” and “Hk”, to modify nouns. For example: “3306-43” (these books), “AB#E% Nii” (those teachers), “HbHEHLEZ” (which movies). It is also commonly used with “—”. For example; “116-43” (some books), “—#2A"(some people). 2 FT. “All right.” “7” here is used to express the wish to discontinue an action. For example; HT FERN. 3) BBEMMILA? “Where do you want to mail it to?” -771-The preposition “7” and nouns that indicate place or direction together make u: the preposition-object phrase. “Prep 7+ PW” represents the direction of the actior For example; BEBE, ALA, AMF. Compare; “Prep #2 + PW” represents the place of the action. For example; ERNUG, LIKE. @ MAS AYRE AR LEBEAU 08 SH SE, “Sorry, your package is to be picked up at customs, not at our post office.” Foreign packages sent to China are usually picked up at the local post office Sometimes it is necessary to go to the customs office for pick-up. © SUAS TAP AE “Don’t forget to take your passport with you.” “gilts I” here indicates reminding. © BRT WEL. “The bus is here; let’s get on first.” The meaning of “ifi{f]” is almost the same as “#€{{]”, and is commonly used in spoken Chinese. However, “if{/]” includes the listener; “4€{/]” usually does not in- clude the listener. For example: A and B go to the library to borrow books; A says to the librarian; SEAR BRAT HAH. (Sir, we want to borrow books.) Then, A says to B: MA{THEJLA52 (How many books are we going to borrow?) @ HAREM “Please move inside.” The pronoun “73%” indicates everyone in a certain area or group. For example: KE HARBRR, KRAKT RERAR—H EI, “KR” is often used after “PK {], FEAT, MAT” for emphatic purposes. For example; RARMARBRA LE MAYA RABE RIED? -~78-In China, most buses have a person selling tickets on board. Buses without ticket agents are becoming more numerous in some large cities. 8 WEEN, “Passengers who just boarded should purchase tickets, please.” “fil_E 7609” is a form of the “fi” phrase, which means “fil LAEMIRK”, “V+ ay” or “VP+#4” can also form the “ft” phrases. For example: LAPLEM,RERH, CEASA, RAEIAVAT: borrowed book, not purchased) EMR W 1H, (ALIA: tickets to Qianmen) D GXAAK, KEHK. HR. “You gave five dollars; three dollars is your change. Please hold onto your ticket.” These are common phrases used by bus ticket sellers. In some Chinese cities, a ticket check is conducted at the time of getting off the bus; thus the ticket sellers say, “Please hold onto your ticket.” KEY SENTENCES ik aR BT AY, 2. LOAPRPLH, MHAPRRLH, 3. HARB PAR, 4. NET UAMPRBS, 5. RAKIM, 6. HRRBZR, 7. FROREE PIS HCH AG, ; 8. AHMET, TRUHT . : 1. }4BET PKI Master the following phrases (1) 26 zee Gabi] h ARM LS ABIL AERA KH RAR mb Ph GAR AG (2) 222A BRILA BAMLA ZKAF Z3KRR BBA -79-FERERRAE fEMERAT BRE (3) "ATA ER AMARA RAN BM RARE "NERA RAR (4) KR KRAMR GR MKRPA WAKESM HARD WE HALL HALHRY BKRMS WAEMRR WHARBUMR WRRRMEARA UMN KEMRAILVC MIKE QNkKE-KREAB (5) Rafah Rae RH AMT Bape Bw REY RR RYN ARMIARH BLE BERG LB HY REH ABH RH AFH Rea BH Rebay RABY RRRMH (6) SLAF PLP AOR SHAR AWK HBLBE RAF WHET SeRF SHOR PBARKA FRR (7) tee BAR FeALMie RABI Joep righ BER TEP RRL FIR RARER JRA R 2. AJR Pattern drills RHE A GB (1) opt ab 3 Th? na BRET — 2, AOE, pa Bo Riki jo wot AR (2) WE xt tee FT RA? WAR REM GE BA WSBT. AR RA Ie BR RXf HK IEA Ga] TH is -80-a. CC HE Km MARSH ALMA, 5 RF +) thie & AMT RA? BAER IAG T 5) Medea y £2 KR KB Maa AEH eRe RAA HEE RR BRB DB MRA KR MARGER SF KK BHAR a + ae 5) MARR Moh? of 48] ge (i) AF K Adda MARL, C4) 4448 2H RMA MAA ABH, | CR) EM HR (A) Ba a DRE GR) WE RA ak 7) CREAMER? LKRRAAREH, (A) # AeA x REHLE LMAO, (2) AA Ret mie 7. CE) ER $k & (A) Gh eR Hie Sis(8) fe 48 JL HL? HEBEF OL. ete it FH? ete he He FD Ho 3. HAE B Classroom activity Complete the following question-and-answer exercises (A asks the first question, B answers it; B asks the second question, C answers it; ...) (1) BKAZGHAZRB? (2) OREM IL-F @ RP (3) FREKLAF HAL] MEL HBRD? (4) WAH LEAREDKALMIUR GR? (5) WAM LMEAREDKARH ARE? (6) HRRARAWN? (7) BKART URE? (8) BRA KH SRF MILG? (9) RAIA ARAL TE #2 (10) SKA KERALA RK HE TB? C1) BKARMHAET? 4. 218465 Conversation exercises (ZEB) At the post office ] (1) A: AZ, KRKFRPAR, B; RA Fo A: Kea fe B: FT HAH, BREMILF? A; 5 B: BRFME LAH? A: REF ES RP B: iH) @R-HBAH (QGOngjin) , op He : ~82-A: WARP ARIURABA? B: £-2F, (2) A: dh, GIF, RRBR-PARS B: WwARHwhH A: 2%, B: ARA-AEMPR, BS HSLEMHRES, A: #iRIL%? B: HY, KRRBH AR HSH. (3) A: RAK MPF (yOupido): +KALM , +RKRALM, B: -# 14%, A: RBBZEAWA(jinion) ps, B: RH AIL? A: REERGIAM. B; BH? A: LE, AHIR) Describing things ] DT) A: RMAF AMBIL? BrP A: MARRY RMAF RAH, B: RMAF AH ARE? A: _o B: ILA aH Aa Bae RRA? A: 1,2 RRM, AS AEWA Uncertainty ] C1) A: AR dod AB Aa He OR HB? Bz fazer RB IRR EHAP -83-A: 3}, RE 4p, (2) Ar “KRHA EELS? B: AS“A”, #4 (rdanhou)---+ BHA? BRENKR”, A: Rat, EK". [#2 Reminding | (1) A: AR, FFRAR, AN-RLA Pie, A: REFER, MSE TUREHR RE, B: _c (2) A: RAKAMPA. B; i A: RER-+ AR, AMAMAD FAR, B: HST _o [ARASSEVAZE Taking the bus ] (1) A; HM AHRAAART AML, B: 3%, ZEA, MAREK, KHKZ,A : #28: —-k sw MRR RA WHER. B; HH. SER: F-3, EMH, FEORE HAS (zhinbei) 4, EAH Sl T FEOREASH ALOR, (2) RH: MA, HALE AHARALEBR? BER: RBAFRNERH. kB: WR AREBAT. GRR: & o ETAAAMII FA, 810 BARAFA Et #. KR Bs WM, Ska AM — FIL, 2 GER: RAM, BHA,5. SH Viis Describe the following pictures a a See oer—_——SC POR, Ea Bey WSL, RR DME HB HES LAR: jedetay_ BRK # 2: 3 DWAR: tee BR z 2B: 3H, LAR: jedetay_ BRK z z: Bt, LAR: te BR, # BE: B, LAR: HET ao Bee To 6. 2455 Communication practice 1) You go to the post office to mail a parcel to a friend back home. There are many things in the parcel and you show them to the clerk one by one. Initially you want to send it by air, since that is faster, but you change your mind after you find out that the postage is very costly because you have so many things to mail. 2) Describe one incident where you had to go to the post office to pick up a package or to withdraw money. 3) You get on a bus and while buying a ticket, find out that you are on the wrong bus. The ticket seller tells you how to change buses to reach your destination. ~85-Es babu Reading Comprehension and Paraphrasing HEH (cOngming) Hy ALF (érzi) 1. AF fe @€EH T HH (feng) 1s, 4442 9 12 4 (xinfeng) # Aw, —4h15 1S Ht APH. WILILF SK PAF. T-ALL LF ORT, SEM: sess F TOL HFT. EE, MPEG HOAT, AHFFHRE DY, SGT BREE PRE MITAAY EUTALAMS, "SEM ILF : “tte EH TD? LF: MCAT RET AAS, RAO LWW ERT, ” 2. RAE EEFR-BGRAR, WH WEEKAA IG WEKFS AR, ME FF EEE, Mh LOE , Fe IL F ASMP HALE TI. CI HhLM wk 45 HODES TA GEA HS) SbF (SUNZI) SB) ERB ILC, AIR ERT KBIL, BL FAR Fe ARIE ERAT? LF HL GE KK EE GHEKGF EMER RFE! ” 3. SERA BR JUF ER HD ABA A IT, TORE RPK AM To SIP GR, FLAG “AERA RD ARMAS RAE, AA HE RAWAP IRE? ESM R-R BART MFA BI RESMARERAAR, RBRGKRAS KT.” -86-1. 4§524M¥ The resultative complement The resultative complement explains the result of the action. It usually consists of a verb or an adjective. Vet oT ia to listen and understand 5 + to write down a Sf to wrap (the parcel) well = ea to hold onto iz Be to remember incorrectly AB eB to take the wrong (bus ) Resultative complements are closely bound to verbs. There cannot be other words in between. The particle “7” or any objects must be placed behind the resultative complement. Subj Predicate abject Vv ‘V/A (complement ) | Pt “Tv” Oo [Pt yf” RK mF TE | To BRA a 6 eo MER | FEORE = F | ACHAG, aun L 4& Ga seo & [ise If expressed by verbs with resultative complements, the action is usually complete. Thus, “(4)” is commonly used in the negation,while “--- [}E4j” is used for the V/A-not-V/A question. For example; MET LA? — ALFIE. RRAGHART RA? — BRA AH ER, The adjective “-” in this lesson is used as a resultative complement, indicating that an action is completed to satisfaction. For example; -87-RM-RAFHRE HARE, MELR. 2. “Fl” 4a] (2) The “ff” sentence (2) There are two types of “J{§” sentence in this lesson; A. “4” sentence with the predicative verb “to give”, such as “#8” , “GK”, “PR (BD” , “HE” , ete. This type of “42” sentence commonly indicates giving a certain object to a certain person. S + "HH" + Ow (sth.)+ VC “to give”) + O(sb.) Predicate Subject on On v oO aad a8 (something) | (to give) | (somebody ) | Hk je | oP % fo | We 4e PR & Bo RK BA) | Fe aH & Ro te 4 4Lth ik R To te 48 Be RK & To B. “Jf” sentence with simple directional complement The basic form of the “#2” sentence with a simple directional complement is; See Ady fete Of Ve eet CE) Predicate Subject = Adv | “a” Or v | ee | Pt a te | teehee a KR BR qe PR + & To KA BAR 48 ARAB = Fo | RK 4 4B He oi) To HR a 4 AHR i | & To 3. “FL” Say (2) The “i” sentence (2) We have already learned the “Je” sentence; for example “FRE UAH". Its subject and object are nouns or pronouns. The function of the “fy” phrase is e- quivalent to that of a noun; thus it can also serve as the subject and the object of a “J” sentence. ~88-S + #2 + N/A/Pr/Vp + | Predicate Subject t-———_— —— | | Ady “fe” “fy” phrase KG iho hp R HB aD BAKA zX a4, OAL ze pL. BAL * z KL, KKH az BRA, Pa | R&R FH, 1. WFAA (4) Methods of constructing Chinese characters(4) Phonetic loan method ({f{# 3): This method uses the shape and sound of a readily available character to represent another word that has the same sound. For example, the original meaning of “J” was “axe”; it is now borrowed as a measure word to represent “a unit of weight”, which has the same sound. “4%” was originally used to represent a type of weapon; now it is used to write the first person pronoun. “3€” originally meant “wheat”; it is now borrowed to mean “come”, because the sounds were the same in ancient times. All foreign words borrowed through transliteration are applications of the phonetic loan method. For example, “Yo” (sofa), “TI” (coke), etc. 2. ABMAMF Leam and write basic Chinese characters pe 77 & sl the sixth of the twelve Earthly Branches 3 strokes ii "7 SR fu not 5 strokes »R ("ere eggg xiang elephant 11 strokes -89-a) = aa yu a pencil 6 strokes OR “ATHTTFFER chéng to ride 10 strokes 6) & PERK sh to lose 5 strokes 3. ABH PHMF Leam and write the Chinese characters appearing in the texts (1) 4% ji (42) Co q +U 5 strokes &o7y7+e 5 strokes x a RK + 14 strokes (3) 2 xié wueoowyye Beas 8 strokes (4) 74% cidiGn (441%) yh —> +N 8 strokes (5) 18 ji (#) iW — | + A 5 strokes ~90-6) 44 wang fE > +E 7) A hangkong 8) Mis hdiyun (342) wero A eh (9) Be youre: (IP) x > Hh + Hl 10) JR qu RoH+R 11) i 40% tOngzhidan (3 40 #) ov + + 12) 4 #8 huzhdo (4K) FoF +P 13) B& keqi (#A) Bonm+Ri0 14) #11 Jianguo Mén (3 Pa) BoE +h 15) % Iu Boe + Re 8 strokes 10 strokes 8 strokes 7 strokes 9 strokes 8 strokes 8 strokes 7 strokes 9 strokes 8 strokes 13 strokes Sol](16) A giché (A #) ee ce (17) 44% hdoxiang Br f+R (18) »4 41] Zanmen (447) §omt a (19) 4% shoupidoyudn (4 # # ) => x7 Se +R (20) # (22) Ii(bian) woAtri (21) 3% Zhan 3h s+ bh (22) e4K ditié (2h4K) we > 3b + th BR—> ER (23) 4k fangxin Bre + kh (24) #4 ZGogao #@oF +--+ H+ 4 (25) #17 Qianmén (aT PA) WY +o t+ pt F -92- 7 strokes 13 strokes 9 strokes 11 strokes 5 strokes 10 strokes 6 strokes 10 strokes 8 strokes 17 strokes 9 strokesiutural Notes Transportation in China The Chinese transportation industry has developed rapidly since the economic reforms. By late 1997, the total national railroad network comprised 57566 km. The network has expanded to reach every province, every region, and cities, except in Tibet. (The Qinghai-Tibet railway is now under construction.) 80% of all the cities in the country have access to railways. In 1997 the total length of roads was 1.2 million kilometers. Roads have expanded to all cities and counties throughout the country, with a coverage of 98% of townships (xiang, %) and 80% of villages. Modern highway construction first started in the mid 1980's. Now the total length of the modern highway is 19 thousand kilometres, ranking the second in the world. There were a total of 967 commercial passenger airline routes in 1997, which was approximately a seven-fold increase from 1978. ~93-Have you ever seen traditional Chinese painting? Our friend Ding Libo not only appreciates it, he also knows how tia to paint traditional Chinese paintings. He is going to tell us the differences between traditional Chinese painting and oil painting. In this lesson, you will leam a new way to make comparisons between things. S+TviR Lesson 19 [5] BAYT AB AN AE TRI av vavge TAR: MART EAPRALAANBO 4 vv vevoy - -V4NN De vv OR, RPT RRR TI, SRR-LERM RLF, (eerste sent ty] Expressing a duration of time vev 4S THK: KMAEK PAS! ‘ vue¢vyv v a. PRO RT, EP ERR GB 09D, -94-THAR: THAR: kM: TH: TAR: Ne SN XN XN XN : RBE-M PAS, AGRGW-LRK, LKR? Nee Veg Se VV - 7s VIN - Nev BIE HLS K PAG, eer ta PIG RBR ve ~MogsS SI ‘ PHS, HHL APH SST SET? me >, ‘ ‘ Vv oN - SON FN VN 2, 248 7 +> “eT BRIA frih WERNER” Neve - Ve ae Y, SN VN NV RY S ° Ae ERA —HEKP AS, TAMAS ‘ vA vvveNN =v Ne 7 en NAN KEG, RECURS BHF MWEKGP ARAB, Me N64 aN — Wede RE i HB RA, (RE) Talking about hobbies - N Md X\ BAEZ - Ne Ne VN A TNS VV 1078 KARA GP SH, DDR. MOVES ee 7S x ‘ VN vA nn - A REG BHD ERB © RUGRMB GR” 10809 -95-BRB A OR, AHH A in New 1. PaS 10. RAF 11. *] -96- ven NS VS Ne Ne Ne y Words N JE N/V RR? OO 77S 7 NY TH: ZTARM! KTR BIH Bik th O zhonggudhud hudar youhua you ylyang méishugudn kaimén hua Ido hudjia jig bu gdndang aihdao chang traditional Chinese painting @*F Hii, Be OCHP lm SE Fm , 2 painting oil painting SETH, SEH, SEH i, 7 oil the same; alike —FEtR,—#R3¢ ,—## J), —7RETE , — REI art gallery BMRA, BRK to open the door; to begin a day’s business RAJEIFIT WB ILA FFT, BAT AIFTT DA FETE to paint (8) JL, , i) 2 , iam] + Ey i 31H il old; experienced A, 808,256 AE, BBR painter; artist 2A , AFA HA , A AR specialist JiR(TR , MER, RRA I really don’t deserve this hobby/to like ABA AHAB FL to singa1 ges] N jingju Beijing opera 132 i) a ULrFrt—O—C—C—s—OC—C—COCN so-so; careless 18797) Hy ge s8, 5 = ® Jn oe 15. aE TAR: BOISE MEASURE Sas ye A mdhu careless M fu (measure word for painting, cloth, ete.) — OE JL, — a, oi 574 = =PN = XU Béihéng (name of a well-known Chinese painter) "CAAT PED aig GILT , RRA, PLEA AA WH ERK? - 7N 2 oN SN oN HC, DIL MSA BSR ORY - 7 FN ANA —. 5 RHA BUTT, <=>~- i bie” Oy C Comparing things i rs me Se 7K No Ps = ake ae ° BAAR NN Ne NV : RRAARSK, RAP OSI BH. ARGLBLEM ILA — HF? -97-THAR: TAR: aK OUR: TAK: -98- vvnu? ves Sa aa. yun UBITAT BRB ©
DS : WEEP AFD LR? oe ea el : (BRKT SY ET? a. : Y BRERI TS, (2) »4 11138 % (pdobu)% T Kati 7? ° (3) : BIR MWT? : AIE—DILPS, ee ed [IRAE Talking about hobbies] (1) A: AHA B32 B: Ask P Bay +H &(shofd), A; 2 B: AFT RFT, -105-(2) A: ad PREAH : BRR. Ak (yeyU) at) te BT A? : REE A BAL, : HEKH AF A (jiému)? : REKA Al. (S€He Exchanging greetings | (1) A: B; A: (2) A: amr wD PS HARRI MER VB (yiqian)—#, WKY RAST. Mere ATM (ShOu)— AIL, FET , Kw Re GiGnféi) F . ERPASKHAT? : RAT —-#T. : EGRA EAH? : RAGS, RARA—H, + RE FPR ILM REZ HP 2 ILM) KR ASIR AAT ABIL AR — AF, HERAT AR IL, [44H Saying good-bye | A: Gt, RKRAET. ee -106- a rer : REA ABIL ABGSRK, 2 FEILER, : BAT aH. : NEY, ARILRRAATCR-H,5. @AULE Describe the following pictures 6. 3€h45J Communication practice (1) Talk about your hobbies with your friends to find out if you have any common interests. (2) Talk about your study or work experiences with your friends, (3) Discuss a picture or a movie with your friends and talk about your different opinions. oe Teil as Reading Comprehension and Paraphrasing F (Quan YFREPR EEF RAMA NAY He DAIS ROGAN AD TE TBR ak A Fo A(shéngqi), AM i+kse FG BIL, ES ZIMA RAGA , TR — eS KAFANAAGZA TAME T GPA BWLD GILAD WRBET OR (Vike 4K (QGngqin) zWALERT, RAMET PA ILA ERP GIL-A LER. RMNKRMRREAZAD? BRB NEF (hdizi) 4H SRA A IL-4? -107-RAK) HE (shudion) £,MR-AKARF (jidoyu) RH ag +H, EM RAR T LAB: -AR(MERF) -KE(RFRERE), 4A-KA(PERARERT), RZARMERT WHAT TREK $ #98 (Quandian ) —AskR—-AR—7#, RERR, DEREK ARFT , KAMMARAF RH, PRAM RRP HAR—F, BF REF UR, KRAULBF PMR, TRB FTF ARRAA; KARLEF F< GIL, TRAFEKBRA, HG HART PRAT AK CAKE, PRM ATRL 1 REM Do BRAM EFA AMES SE , TRAIL BEF EARELT KR} AKM MM! mn by a8 een 1. “Pihe-+-- (7R )—P” BORUAR Using “BR---(78)—##” to make comparisons The comparative structure “jfi---—£” indicates that two things are the same, or similar. If they are different, the structure “ffl---78—E” is used. In a V/A-not-WA question, the structure “—fRAS—ff" is used. Hg + NP + (A) + —# + A/VO Predicate Subject = FR NP (A) FF As VO KR SR | ARBIR( KR) tf. Litié sk Hib RH TAS ak ia HR? PE sR ARAY (* ) Ht | A. BIR aR ARE ( AR) R-H | kK. REE SR BIB Ht ak Pas, If the central words of the two sides being compared are the same, the second central word may be omitted. -108-2. WYER#N# (2) The time-measure complement (2) In a sentence with a time-measure complement, if the particle “J” is both after ne verb and at the end of the sentence, it means that the action is still continuing. “ompare the following: (KR) LAGI U4, (Ihave been drawing for 11 years.) (The practice of drawing is still continuing.) (&)24G 7 114, (1 have drawn for 11 years.) (This does not indicate whether or not the practice of drawing is continuing at present.) If the verb in a sentence with a time-measure complement takes an object, the cime-measure complement can also be placed between the verb and the object. The sarticle “fJ” can be inserted between the time-measure complement and the object. V+ Time-measure complement + (ffJ) + O We mt BK ay (#5) HR? RE oF Hob at (4) FR. te ¢ T BK i] (49) iB? Ey eT me (4) HB Me AT S Kat ia] (4) BIL Tt? & aA T A Eo at (4) BL TF, Note: If the object is a personal pronoun, it cannot be placed after the time-measure complement. We cannot say: ® “RE T—A)athyth. ” 3. Bashy (2): HBARIABWK Sentences with serial verb phrases (2); Means or manner In the sentences with serial verb phrases in this lesson, the first verb usually expresses the means or manner that the action of the second verb performs. For example; BAA BH ERE WAREREADR, BEALPKAP AS, AM FL GE BK, -109-1. FHF (5) Methods of constructing Chinese characters (5) The pictophonetic method (J% 7%): The majority of Chinese characters are “pictophonetic”. Most consist of one component indicating the sound of the character, the phonetic, combined with one semantic component, the radical, which shows the category of meaning to which the character belongs. The pictophonetic characters fall into several categories: (1) In its basic form, a pictophonetic character is constructed by placing the component indicating the sound on the right side and the component indicating the meaning on the left side. For example: 4%, 45,45 ,%,°@ 48, HL, He, He, 2B, 11, 08 i, TRAP TAL AEA TE de AB ER IRA AE aT PGK, 2. WLD5RAWF Learn and write basic Chinese characters ay KR 7“ =FRK yao young 4 strokes @) 4h 7s sp déu (an object shaped like a cup or dipper) 4 strokes 0) & “THEE % y shi stone 5 strokes i a) “TER shi a clan 4 strokes 3. USX FHM Leam and write the Chinese characters appearing in the texts (1) #7 yOuhud (i #) m7 + 8 strokes Br7r-+H¢U 8 strokes -110-H (ganzipang) 7 ~ 7 T FT FF 2) RRS bu gandang (Ks) Bo +k 3) "8 chang "> P+ +e (hizitouy | 7 ye pe 4) S52H mamohthi (4.82 #) Be f+ JU hu 5) # fu mop + & 6) # XU Beihong (4436) jE R +A +H + k Ga +s Borp + tet ey 7) & He didnt (E46) th > # + 8) FH kai wanxido = — * + K (9) #444 cdilido Aiea ase Ay a> # + +b 7 strokes 11 strokes 11 strokes 6 strokes 8 strokes 12 strokes 10 strokes 12 strokes 11 strokes 11 strokes 10 strokes 7 strokes 10 strokes -111-(10) 4& zhi (4k) Bo 2 + (11) 4 bu At Pp + (12) & mo (13) 34 #% youcdi (14) B pi (15) 3 pao co: (17) BL féng UA) D> JL + (18) 3F xia (3%) YR mR + -112- Jb e Ww 7 strokes 5 strokes 15 strokes 11 strokes 4 strokes 12 strokes 5 strokes 4 strokes 9 strokes

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