1. What is a benefit of using a DBMS?

A.   ?    they provide full security to data using private/public key

encryption

B.   ?    they create automatic backups

C.   ?    they help create an environment for end users to have access to

more data

D.   ?    they provide seamless Internet access to database data

2. What is the name for an answer to a query that the DBMS sends back to the application?

A.   ?    DBMS result

B.   ?    query result set

C.   ?    question result

D.   ?    data result

3. A single-user database that runs on a personal computer is called a(n) ____ database.

A.   ?    workgroup

B.   ?    distributed

C.   ?    enterprise

D.   ?    desktop

4. The content of any given field is the ____.

A.   ?    database

B.   ?    field value

C.   ?    entity

D.   ?    table
5. Data processing (DP) specialists are in existence because of _______.

A.   ?    the increase in the number of computers

B.   ?    the advent of database management systems

C.   ?    the need to convert manual files to a matching computer file

system

D.   ?    the need to speed up processing of data

6. _____ are considered database architects.

A.   ?    Database administrators

B.   ?    Systems administrators

C.   ?    Database designers

D.   ?    Systems analysts and programmers

7. Programming in a(n) ____ may be a time-consuming and high-skill activity.

A.   ?    COB

B.   ?    AIS

C.   ?    3GL

D.   ?    DMB

8. The ____ receives all application requests and translates them into the complex operations
required to fulfill requests.

A.   ?    query

B.   ?    workgroup

C.   ?    DBMS

D.   ?    DP
9. A ____ focuses primarily on storing data used to generate information required to make
tactical or strategic decisions.

A.   ?    distributed database

B.   ?    workgroup database

C.   ?    data warehouse

D.   ?    production database

10. Accurate, relevant, and timely ____ is the key to good decision making.

A.   ?    information

B.   ?    processing

C.   ?    data

D.   ?    relationships

11. The word ____ indicates that the facts have not yet been processed to reveal their meaning.

A.   ?    raw

B.   ?    information

C.   ?    data

D.   ?    dictionary

12. What is the maximum number of users normally supported by a workgroup database?

A.   ?    10

B.   ?    30

C.   ?    50

D.   ?    100
13. Which of the following would result in a data anomaly?

A.   ?    inconsistent redundant data

B.   ?    modification of data

C.   ?    timeliness of data

D.   ?    obsolescence of data

14. Processed data, or ____, can be used as the basis for decision making.

A.   ?    raw data

B.   ?    information

C.   ?    queries

D.   ?    DP

15. What is the most common classification applied to a DBMS?

A.   ?    number of users

B.   ?    database site location(s)

C.   ?    expected type and extent of use

D.   ?    software manufacturer

16. Which of the following products do not provide an enterprise database?

A.   ?    MS Access

B.   ?    MS SQL Server

C.   ?    IBM DB2

D.   ?    Oracle RDBMS

17. Data ____ exists when the same data are stored unnecessarily at different places.
 A.   ?    dependency

B.   ?    redundancy

C.   ?    inconsistency

D.   ?    fragmentation

18. What is the name for data about data?

A.   ?    unique data

B.   ?    raw data

C.   ?    metadata

D.   ?    superdata

19. A ____ allows the user to specify what must be done without specifying how it must be done.

A.   ?    1GL

B.   ?    2GL

C.   ?    3GL

D.   ?    4GL

20. Database management systems, operating systems, applications and utilities are all
examples of ____.

A.   ?    software

B.   ?    hardware

C.   ?    computer infrastructure

D.   ?    input and output

 Index =>

Chapter 2
Data Models, Chapter 2

Quiz

Show questions one by one

1. The most widely used conceptual model is the ____ model.

A.   ?    implementation

B.   ?    ER

C.   ?    OO

D.   ?    internal

2. What model requires the most detail in its internal model?

A.   ?    network

B.   ?    relational

C.   ?    semantic

D.   ?    entity relationship

3. In the OO data model, a class' ____ represents a real-world action such as finding a selected
PERSON's name.

A.   ?    inheritance

B.   ?    hierarchy

C.   ?    interface

D.   ?    method

4. Using network database terminology, a relationship is called a(n) ____.

 A.   ?    member

B.   ?    owner

C.   ?    set

D.   ?    table

5. The ____ model adapts a conceptual model to a specific DBMS.

A.   ?    entity

B.   ?    internal

C.   ?    external

D.   ?    database

6. What type of relationship is expressed with the phrase "Employee manages Store"?

A.   ?    1:*

B.   ?    1:1

C.   ?    *:1

D.   ?    *:*

7. A ____ is the equivalent of a file system's record type.

A.   ?    root

B.   ?    child

C.   ?    segment

D.   ?    parent

8. The hierarchical database model is based on a ____.

A.   ?    tree structure
 B.   ?    lack of a parent segment

C.   ?    lack of a child segment

D.   ?    matrix

9. The ERDM is primarily geared to business applications, while the OODM tends to focus on
____ applications.

A.   ?    educational

B.   ?    very specialized engineering and scientific

C.   ?    non-commercial Internet

D.   ?    personal

10. A(n) ____ model is independent of both hardware and software.

A.   ?    conceptual

B.   ?    external

C.   ?    developmental

D.   ?    logical

11. The network database models have ____.

A.   ?    a navigational system that yields simple design

B.   ?    a simple system that promotes efficiency

C.   ?    an owner/member relationship that promotes database integrity

D.   ?    a great deal of structural independence

12. Data models were developed to ____.

A.   ?    model real-world events or conditions

 B.   ?    deposit data within a single file

C.   ?    keep data within multiple data repositories

D.   ?    allow DBMSs to maintain loose control over the database

activities

13. A table is a matrix consisting of a series of row and column ____.

A.   ?    links

B.   ?    models

C.   ?    systems

D.   ?    intersections

14. What type of relationship is expressed with the phrase "Student takes Class"?

A.   ?    1:*

B.   ?    1:1

C.   ?    *:1

D.   ?    *:*

15. What modern development has drastically changed the role and scope of the database
market?

A.   ?    object-oriented programming

B.   ?    the Internet

C.   ?    Y2K

D.   ?    mainframes

16. The object-oriented model ____.

A.   ?    adds semantic content

 B.   ?    has no standards

C.   ?    has a simple navigational system

D.   ?    has a low system overhead that speeds transactions

17. One of the advantages of a relational database model is ____.

A.   ?    structural dependence

B.   ?    conceptual complexity

C.   ?    complex database design

D.   ?    easier database design

18. What is the fastest and most direct source of business rules?

A.   ?    company documentation

B.   ?    interviews with end users

C.   ?    the Internet

D.   ?    a database design document

19. Which model operates at the lowest level of abstraction?

A.   ?    conceptual

B.   ?    internal

C.   ?    external

D.   ?    physical

20. In response to the increasing complexity of applications, two new data models emerged: the
object-oriented data model and the ____ relational data model.

A.   ?    extended
 B.   ?    flat-file

C.   ?    hierarchical

D.   ?    entity

Index =>

The entity relationship diagram is used to graphically represent the ________ database.

a. conceptual

b. condensed

c. logical

d. physical

The set of possible values for an attribute is a ________.

a. domain
2. b. range

c. set

d. key

In an ER diagram identifiers are indicated by ________.

a. bolding
3. b. italics

c. special font

d. underlining

Which attribute(s) make up the primary key in the table definition CLASS
(CRS_CODE, CLASS_SECTION, CLASS_TIME, CLASS_ROOM, PROF_NUM)?

a. CRS_CODE and CLASS_SECTION

4.
b. CRS_CODE

c. CLASS_SECTION

d. there is no primary key

5. What is the ideal number of attributes used to make up a primary key?

a. 0

b. 1

c. 2
 d. 6

A ________ identifier is a key that is composed of more than one attribute.

a. primary
6. b. domain

c. foreign

d. composite

A ________ attribute is an attribute that cannot be subdivided.

a. defined
7. b. grouped

c. simple

d. complex

A ________ attribute is an attribute that can have only one value.

a. simple
8. b. composite

c. single-valued

d. multivalued

________ attributes are attributes that can have several values.

a. Single-valued
9. b. Simple

c. Composite

d. Multivalued

Which of the following might be represented with a multivalued attribute?

a. book title
10. b. bank account balance

c. person's name

d. person's educational background

11. Which of the following might be represented with a single-valued attribute?

a. person's phone number(s)

b. a serial number
 c. car's color

d. employee's educational background

What type of attribute should not be implemented in a RDBMS?

a. multivalued
12. b. simple

c. derived

d. composite

The preferred way to represent multivalued attributes in a DBMS is to create a new entity
composed of the original multivalued attribute's components in a(n) ________ relationship with
the original entity.

a. 1:1
13.
b. weak

c. M:N

d. 1:M

A derived attribute ________.

a. need not be physically stored within the database

14. b. must be stored physically within the database

c. has many values

d. must be based on the value of three or more attributes

Which of the following should be a derived attribute?

a. person's name
15. b. person's phone number

c. person's age

d. person's social security number

How is a derived attribute indicated in the Chen model?

a. double line
16. b. circle

c. dashed line

d. single line

17. A relationship is an association between ________.

 a. databases

b. entities

c. objects

d. fields

In the ERD, cardinality is indicated using the ________ format.

a. (min, max)
18. b. [min ... max]

c. {min|max}

d. (max, min)

Cardinality expresses ________ number of entity occurrences associated with one occurrence of
the related entity.

a. an infinite
19.
b. an undetermined

c. the minimum and maximum

d. a programmed

Knowing the ________ number of entity occurrences is very useful at the application software
level.

a. minimum
20.
b. maximum and minimum

c. maximum

d. exact

If an entity's existence depends on the existence of one or more other entities it is said to be
________-dependent.

a. existence
21.
b. relationship

c. business

d. weak

22. If an entity can exist apart from one or more related entities, it is said to be ________-
independent.

a. existence

b. business

c. weak
 d. relationship

Connectivities and cardinalities are established by very concise statements known as ________.

a. derived attributes
23. b. business rules

c. relationships

d. assertions

Another word for an existence-independent entity is a ________ entity.

a. solitary
24. b. unary

c. strong

d. weak

A(n) ________ relationship is also known as a non-identifying relationship.

a. weak
25. b. indirect

c. direct

d. strong

When the PK of a related entity does not contain a PK component of the parent entity, the
relationship is ________.

a. weak
26.
b. missing

c. strong

d. neutral

A ________ entity has a primary key that is partially or totally derived from the parent entity in the
relationship.

a. relationship
27.
b. weak

c. strong

d. business

28. In an ERD, the focus is on the ________ and the relationships between them.

a. indexes
 b. keys

c. attributes

d. entities

The Crow's Foot model depicts the strong (identifying) relationship with a ________ line between
the entities.

a. bold
29.
b. solid

c. dashed

d. dotted

When loading data into two entities with a 1:M relationship, how should the data be loaded?

a. The M side must be loaded first.

30. b. The order is irrelevant.

c. The 1 side must be loaded first.

If the relationship is strong the 1 side must be loaded first, if the
d. relationship is weak, the M side must be loaded first.

Remember that the nature of the relationship is often determined by the ________, who must use
professional judgment to determine which relationship type and strength best suit the database
transaction, efficiency, and information requirements.

a. RDBMS
31.
b. database designer

c. end user

d. ERD

A(n) ________ entity is existence-dependent.

a. undefined
32. b. weak

c. related

d. strong

The term ________ is used to label any condition in which one or more optional relationships
exist.

a. optionality
33.
b. cardinality

c. participation

d. connectivity
 ________ participation means that one entity occurrence does not require a corresponding entity
occurrence in a particular relationship.

a. Required
34.
b. Indirect

c. Dependent

d. Optional

If no ________ symbol is depicted with an entity, the entity exists in a mandatory relationship with
the related entity.

a. cardinality
35.
b. optionality

c. strength

d. directional

Suppose that Tiny College offers several courses; each course has several classes. It is possible
for the department to create the entity COURSE first and then create the CLASS entity after
making the teaching assignments. In this case, what cardinality will appear for CLASS in the
ERD?

36. a. (0,1)

b. (1,1)

c. (0,N)

d. (1,N)

What cardinality is indicated by the Crow's Foot symbol that contains a line beside a crow's foot
shape?

a. (0,1)
37.
b. (1,1)

c. (0,N)

d. (1,N)

A ________ relationship exists when an association is maintained within a single entity.

a. ternary
38. b. weak

c. binary

d. unary

39. A ________ relationship exists when two entities are associated.

 a. ternary

b. weak

c. binary

d. unary

A ________ relationship exists when three entities are associated.

a. weak
40. b. ternary

c. binary

d. unary

A ________ relationship is one in which a relationship can exist between occurrences of the
same entity set.

a. dependent
41.
b. recursive

c. strong

d. weak

A(n) ________ entity is composed of the primary keys of each of the entities to be connected.

a. binary
42. b. composite

c. unary

d. associative

The bridge entity is also known as a ________ entity.

a. composite
43. b. strong

c. unary

d. weak

In the Crow's Foot model, the composite entity is identified by the ________ relationship line
between the parent and child entities.

a. dashed
44.
b. yellow

c. dotted

d. solid
 The process of database design is ________.

a. sequential
45. b. optional

c. linear

d. iterative

Which ERD design activity comes first?

a. Identify the business rules based on the description of operations.

Create a detailed narrative of the organization's description of
46. b. operations.
Identify the attributes and primary keys that adequately describe the
c. entities.

d. Develop the initial ERD.

The existence of 1:1 relationships often indicates a misidentification of attributes as ________.

a. cardinalities
47. b. optionalities

c. relationships

d. entities

A ________ attribute is an attribute that can be further subdivided to yield additional attributes.

a. composite
48. b. single-valued

c. multivalued

d. simple

A database design must conform to ________ standards.

a. design
49. b. ERD

c. notation

d. organizational

50. The database may have to sacrifice some of its "clean" design structures and/or some of its high
transaction speed to ensure ________.

a. transaction requirements

b. maximum information generation

c. space requirements
d. uniqueness
 The word ________ indicates that the facts have not yet been processed to reveal their meaning.

a. information
1. b. data

c. raw

d. dictionary

Processed data, or ________, can be used as the foundation for decision making.

a. raw data
2. b. DP

c. information

d. queries

Raw data must be properly ________ for storage, processing, and presentation.

a. formatted
3. b. arranged

c. grouped

d. sorted

What is a key characteristic of knowledge?

a. It exists in a vacuum.
4. b. It is assembled from raw data.

c. "new" Knowledge can be derived from "old" knowledge.

d. It cannot be duplicated.

Accurate, relevant, and timely ________ is the key to good decision making.

a. information
5. b. data

c. relationships

d. processing

What is the name for data about data?

a. superdata
6. b. metadata

c. raw data

d. unique data
 Data management is a discipline that focuses on ________.

a. the management of end users

7. b. the help items to be used by end users

c. the proper generation, storage, and retrieval of information

d. the proper generation, storage, and retrieval of data

What is a benefit of using a DBMS?

a. It provides full security to data using private/public key encryption.

8. b. It provides seamless Internet access to database data.

c. It creates automatic backups.

d. It helps create an environment for end users to have access to more data.

The ________ manages interaction between the end user and the database.

a. DM query engine
9. b. DP

c. DBMQ

d. DBMS

The ________ receives all application requests and translates them into the complex operations required to fulfill re

a. workgroup
10. b. DBMS

c. DP

d. query

An ad hoc query is a ________.

a. pre-scheduled question
11. b. question that will not return any results

c. pre-planned question

d. spur of the moment question

Wider access to well-managed data promotes a(n) ________ view of the organization's operations and a clearer vi

a. automatic
12. b. raw

c. transparent

d. integrated
 What is the name for an answer to a query that the DBMS sends back to the application?

a. data result
13. b. query result set

c. DBMS result

d. question result

A single-user database that runs on a personal computer is called a(n) ________ database.

a. distributed
14. b. enterprise

c. desktop

d. workgroup

A database that supports data distributed across several different sites is called a(n) ________ database.

a. desktop
15. b. workgroup

c. enterprise

d. distributed

A ________ focuses primarily on storing data used to generate information required to make tactical or strategic de

a. data warehouse
16. b. workgroup database

c. production database

d. distributed database

Another name for a production database is a ________ database.

a. warehousing
17. b. transactional

c. data mining

d. development

What is the most common classification applied to a DBMS?

a. number of users
18. b. database site location(s)

c. software manufacturer

d. expected type and extent of use

 John is working in the customer table and needs to know what customers are located in Florida. To find the informa

a. create a new query

19. b. create a new form

c. utilize the Database Wizard

d. create a new table

How many users does a workgroup database usually support?

a. 10
20. b. 30

c. 50

d. 100

Which of the following products do not provide an enterprise database?

a. IBM DB2
21. b. MS Access

c. MS SQL Server

d. Oracle RDBMS

The design of a ________ database recognizes the use of historical and aggregated data.

a. multiuser
22. b. data warehouse

c. single-user

d. production

Data processing (DP) specialists are in existence because of ________.

a. the advent of database management systems

23. b. the need to speed up processing of data

c. the need to track data and produce required reports

d. the increase in the number of computers

A ________ system is composed of software, hardware, data, procedures and people.

a. computer
24. b. software

c. database

d. file
 Where was a traditional file system normally stored?

a. closet
25. b. data warehouse

c. database

d. file cabinet

A record consists of a ________.

a. character
26. b. collection of related records

c. set of one or more fields

d. group of files

All fields for a specific entity can be grouped together as a ________.

a. file
27. b. field

c. database

d. record

A raw fact such as a telephone number is known as ________.

a. records
28. b. information

c. relationships

d. data

A(n) ________ allows the user to specify what must be done without specifying how it must be done.

a. script
29. b. nonprocedural language

c. object-oriented language

d. procedural language

Data ________ exists when it is possible to make changes in the data storage characteristics without affecting the

a. inconsistency
30. b. independence

c. integrity

d. mining
 Because all data access programs are subject to change when any of the file's data storage characteristics change

a. data dependence
31. b. logical data format

c. data independence

d. physical data format

Human beings view data according to its ________ data format.

a. structured
32. b. logical

c. physical

d. outer

________ independence exists when it is possible to make changes in the file structure without affecting the applic

a. Logical
33. b. Physical

c. Fragmentation

d. Structural

Data ________ exists when the same data are stored unnecessarily at different places.

a. dependency
34. b. inconsistency

c. redundancy

d. fragmentation

Which of the following would result in a data anomaly?

a. timeliness of data
35. b. modification of data

c. inconsistent redundant data

d. obsolescence of data

Data ________ is defined as "the condition in which all of the data in the database are consistent with the real-worl

a. redundancy
36. b. integrity

c. inconsistency

d. verification
 A data ________ develops when all of the required changes in the redundant data are not made successfully.

a. anomaly
37. b. redundancy

c. dependence

d. inconsistency

The term ________ refers to an organization of components that define and regulate the collection, storage, manag

a. DBMS
38. b. hardware

c. database system

d. people

________ are the people who use application programs to run the organization's daily operations.

a. Managers
39. b. Database programmers

c. Data practitioners

d. End users

Database management systems, operating systems, applications and utilities are all examples of ________.

a. hardware
40. b. software

c. computer infrastructure

d. input and output

________ are considered database architects.

a. Database administrators
41. b. Systems administrators

c. Systems analysts and programmers

d. Database designers

Where does the DBMS store the definitions of data elements and their relationships?

a. index
42. b. data file

c. data dictionary

d. data map
 ________ are the instructions and rules that govern the design and use of the database system.

a. Software
43. b. Data

c. Procedures

d. Hardware

Activities that make the database perform more efficiently in terms of storage and access speed are known as perfo

a. enhancements
44. b. tuning

c. upgrades

d. development

The DBMS allows the user to specify what must be done, without having to specify how it is to be done, by using a(

a. access control
45. b. table generator

c. security system

d. query language

________ deals with fixing the database after a failure such as a hard disk malfunction.

a. Access control
46. b. Security

c. Backup

d. Recovery

________ is the de facto query language and data access standard supported by the majority of DBMS vendors.

a. 4GL
47. b. Structured Query Language

c. DBMS

d. Access Query Language

 Traditionally, database designers relied on ________ to help them develop a good design.

a. experience
1. b. education

c. instinct

d. good judgment

A(n) ________ of the overall database design is required to overcome the fact that data are viewed in different ways

a. analysis
2. b. blueprint

c. footprint

d. review

A CUSTOMER ________ would be described by attributes such as customer last name, customer first name, custo

a. entity
3. b. model

c. constraint

d. relationship

The basic building blocks of all data models are entities, attributes, relationships, and ________.

a. queries
4. b. multiples

c. business rules

d. constraints

What type of relationship is expressed with the phrase "Painter paints Painting"?

a. M:N
5. b. 1:1

c. M:1

d. 1:M

What type of relationship is expressed with the phrase "Employee manages Store"?

a. M:1
6. b. 1:1

c. 1:M

d. M:N
 What type of relationship is expressed with the phrase "Student takes Class"?

a. 1:1
7. b. M:1

c. M:N

d. 1:M

What is the fastest and most direct source of business rules?

a. the Internet
8. b. interviews with end users

c. a database design document

d. company documentation

A(n) ________ is a brief, precise, and unambiguous description of a policy, procedure, or principle within a specific

a. attribute
9. b. entity

c. constraint

d. business rule

As a general rule, a noun in a business rule will translate into a(n) ________ in the model.

a. constraint
10. b. attribute

c. relationship

d. entity

The hierarchical database model is based on a ________.

a. tree structure
11. b. lack of a parent segment

c. matrix

d. lack of a child segment

The hierarchical database model depicts a set of ________ relationships.

a. many-to-many
12. b. many-to-one

c. one-to-many

d. one-to-one
 A ________ is the equivalent of a file system's record type.

a. parent
13. b. segment

c. root

d. child

Which data model was developed most recently?

a. XML
14. b. extended relational

c. file system

d. relational

Within the network model, the ________ is the conceptual organization of the entire database as viewed by the dat

a. data management language

15. b. subschema

c. DBTG

d. schema

The hierarchical model depicts a(n) ________ of one-to-many relationships.

a. DML
16. b. set

c. table

d. DDL

A relational database is a collection of ________.

a. field values
17. b. tables

c. records

d. common fields

A relation is a matrix consisting of a series of row and column ________.

a. models
18. b. links

c. systems

d. intersections
 One of the advantages of a relational data model is ________.

a. conceptual complexity
19. b. complex database design

c. easier database design

d. structural dependence

For most relational database software, the query language is ________.

a. 4GL
20. b. RDBMS

c. Structured Query Language (SQL)

d. String Query Language (SQL)

From an end-user perspective, any SQL-based relational database application involves three parts: a user interface

a. SQL engine
21. b. RDBMS

c. relationships between the tables

d. business rules

Each row in the relational table is known as an entity ________.

a. instance
22. b. attribute

c. model

d. relationship

How is an entity represented in an ERD?

a. rectangle
23. b. circle

c. triangle

d. diamond

What is the name for the most current version of the ERD?

a. Chen model
24. b. Crow's Foot notation

c. Date model

d. SQL
 In the object-oriented data model (OODM), both data and their relationships are contained in a single structure kno

a. constraint
25. b. attribute

c. entity

d. object

The object-oriented model ________.

a. has no standards
26. b. adds semantic content

c. has a low system overhead that speeds transactions

d. has a simple navigational system

Classes are organized as a class ________.

a. object
27. b. hierarchy

c. system

d. method

In the OO data model, a class ________ represents a real-world action such as finding a selected PERSON's nam

a. hierarchy
28. b. interface

c. method

d. inheritance

The ERDM is primarily geared to business applications, while the OODM tends to focus on ________ applications.

a. educational
29. b. personal

c. non-commercial Internet

d. very specialized engineering and scientific

Database models can be grouped into two categories: conceptual models and ________ models.

a. implementation
30. b. physical

c. logical

d. query
 In response to the increasing complexity of applications, two new data models emerged: the object-oriented data m

a. hierarchical
31. b. entity

c. extended

d. flat-file

What modern development gave the use of complex objects a boost?

a. Y2K
32. b. object-oriented programming

c. mainframes

d. the Internet

The network database models have ________.

a. an owner/member relationship that promotes database integrity

33. b. a navigational system that yields simple design

c. a simple system that promotes efficiency

d. a great deal of structural independence

XML databases have emerged to address the need to manage ________ data within the native XML format.

a. relational
34. b. object-oriented

c. unstructured

d. structured

Data models were developed to ________.

a. deposit data within a single file

35. b. model real-world objects or events

c. allow DBMSs to maintain loose control over the database activities

d. keep data within multiple data repositories

Which data model contains the least semantics?

a. network
36. b. object-oriented

c. hierarchical

d. relational
 Which data model contains the most semantics?

a. hierarchical
37. b. network

c. relational

d. object-oriented

A way of classifying data models is by degree of ________.

a. knowledge
38. b. abstraction

c. unification

d. difficulty

Which model represents the end users' view of the data environment?

a. internal
39. b. physical

c. external

d. conceptual

A specific representation of an external view is known as a(n) ________.

a. physical model
40. b. relational schema

c. external schema

d. conceptual model

The most widely used conceptual model is the ________ model.

a. ER
41. b. internal

c. implementation

d. OO

The ________ model presents a global view of the entire database.

a. network
42. b. logical

c. conceptual

d. physical
 A(n) ________ model is independent of both hardware and software.

a. developmental
43. b. external

c. conceptual

d. logical

The ________ model adapts a conceptual model to a specific DBMS.

a. internal
44. b. database

c. external

d. entity

What model requires the most detail in its internal model?

a. relational
45. b. network

c. semantic

d. entity relationship

Which model operates at the lowest level of abstraction?

a. internal
46. b. external

c. physical

d. conceptual

When you can change the physical model without affecting the internal model, you have ________.

a. a logical database
47. b. physical dependence

c. physical independence

d. conceptual separation